Tracking atmospheric and riverine terrigenous supplies variability during the last glacial and the Holocene in central Mediterranean

Climate of the Past

Volumn 9, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 1065-1087

  Bout Roumazeilles, V ^a   Combourieu Nebout, N ^b   Desprat, S ^c   Siani, G ^d   Turon, J L ^c   Essallami, L ^e  

^a UNIV LILLE   (France)

^b LABORATOIRE DES SCIENCES DU CLIMAT ET DE L ENVIRONNEMENT   (France)

^c UNIVERSITÉ BORDEAUX 1   (France)

^d UNIVERSITÉ PARIS SUD   (France)

^e UNIVERSITY OF SFAX   (Tunisia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; EOLIAN DEPOSIT; FINE GRAINED SEDIMENT; FLOODING; FLUVIAL DEPOSIT; GRAIN SIZE; HOLOCENE; INTERMEDIATE WATER; INTERTROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE; LAST GLACIAL; MINERALOGY; PROVENANCE; SEDIMENTATION; TERRIGENOUS DEPOSIT; YOUNGER DRYAS;

ITALY; MEDITERRANEAN SEA; SICILY; TUNISIA;

EID: 84880890540     PISSN: 18149324     EISSN: 18149332     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5194/cp-9-1065-2013     Document Type: Article

References (208)

1. Abu-Zied, R. H., Rohling, E. J., Jorissen, F. J., Fontanier, C., Casford, J. S. L., and Cooke, S.: Benthic foraminiferal response to changes in bottom-water oxygenation and organic carbon flux in the eastern Mediterranean during LGM to Recent times, Mar. Micropal., 67, 46-68, 2008. (Pubitemid 351391999)
2. 2.5 at Izana and Sta. Cruz de Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain) during a Saharan Dust Episode (July 2002), Atmos. Environ., 39, 4715-4728, 2005.
3. Allen, J. R. M., Watts, W. A., McGee, E., and Huntley, B.: Holocene environmental variability - The record from Lago Grande di Monticchio, Italy, Quatern. Int., 88, 69-80, 2002. (Pubitemid 34078018)
4. Alonso, B. and Maldonado, A.: Late Quaternary sedimentation patterns of the Ebro turbidite systems (northwestern Mediterranean): Two styles of deep-sea deposition, Mar. Geol., 95, 353-377, 1990.
5. Ariztegui, D., Asioli, A., Lowe, J. J., Trincardi, F., Vigliotti, L., Tamburini, F., Chondrogianni, C., Accorsi, C. A., Bandini Mazzanti, M., Mercuri, A. M., Van Der Kaars, S., Mckenzie, J. A., and Oldfield, F. Palaeoclimate and the formation of sapropel S1: inferences from Late Quaternary lacustrine and marine sequences in the central Mediterranean region, Paleogeogr. Palaeocl., 158, 215-240, 2000. (Pubitemid 30392508)
6. Armynot du Châtelet, E., Bout-Roumazeilles, V., Coccioni, R., Frontalini, F., Guillot, F., Kaminski, M. A., Recourt, P., Riboulleau, A., Trentesaux, A., Tribovillard, N., and Ventalon, S.: Environmental control on shell structure and composition of agglutinated foraminifera along a proximal-distal transect in the Marmara Sea, Mar. Geol., 335, 114-128, 2013.
7. Arz, H. W., Lamy, F., Pätzold, J., Müller, P. J., and Prins, M.: Mediterranean moisture source for an early-Holocene humid period in the Northern Red Sea, Science, 300, 118-121, 2003. (Pubitemid 36423041)
8. Astraldi, M., Gasparini, G. P., Vetrano, A., and Vignudelli, S.: Hydrographic characteristics and interannual variability of water masses in the Central Mediterranean: a sensitivity test for longterm changes in the Mediterranean Sea, Deep-Sea Res.-Pt. I, 49, 661-680, doi:10.1016/s0967-0637(01) 00059-0, 2002. (Pubitemid 34227949)
9. Avila, A., Queralt-Mitjans, I., and Alarcón, M.: Mineralogical composition of African dust delivered by red rains over northeastern Spain, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 21977-21996, 1997.
10. Bard, E., Delaygue, G., Rostek, F., Antonioli, F., Silenzi, S., and Schrag, D.: Hydrological conditions in the western Mediterranean basin during the deposition of Sapropel 6 (ca 175 kyr), Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 202, 481-494, 2002. (Pubitemid 35225035)
11. Bar-Matthews, M., Ayalon, A., and Kaufman, A.: Timing and hydrological conditions of Sapropel events in the eastern Mediterranean, as evident from speleothems, Soreq cave, Israel, Chem. Geol., 169, 145-156, 2000.
12. Bar-Matthews, M., Ayalon, A., Gilmour, M., Matthews, A., and Hawkesworth, C. J.: Sea-land oxygen isotopic relationship from planktonic foraminifera and speleothems in the Eastern Mediterranean region and their implication for paleorainfall during interglacial intervals, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 67, 3181-3199, 2003. (Pubitemid 37144340)
13. Barry, R. G. and Chorley, R. J.: Atmosphere, Weather and Climate, 7th Edn., Routledge, London, 409 pp. 1998.
14. Bergametti, G., Dutot, A. L., Buat-Menard, P., Losno, R., and Rémoudaki, E.: Seasonal variability of the elemental composition of atmospheric aerosol particles over the northwestern Mediterranean, Tellus, 41, 353-361, 1989a. (Pubitemid 19160564)
15. Bergametti, G., Gomes, L., Coudé-Gaussen, G., Rognon, P., and Le Coustumer, M. N.:African dust observed over Canary Islands: Source-regions identification and transport pattern for some summer situations J. Geophys. Res., 94, 14855-14864, 1989b.
16. Bergametti, G., Gomes, L., Remoudaki, E., Desbois, M., Martin, D., and Buat-Menard, P.: Present transport and deposition patterns of African dusts to the North-Western Mediterrannean, in: Paleoclimatology and Paleometeorology: Modern and past patterns of global atmospheric transport, edited by: Leinen, M. and Sarnthein, M., Dordrecht, Kluwer Academic, 282, 227-251, 1989c.
17. Boulay, S., Colin, C., Trentesaux, A., Frank, N., and Liu, Z.: Sediment sources and East Asian monsoon intensity over the last 450 ky, Mineralogical and geochemical investigations on South China Sea sediments, Paleogeogr. Palaeocl., 228, 260-277, 2005. (Pubitemid 41613751)
18. Bout-Roumazeilles, V., Cortijo, E., Labeyrie, L., and Debrabant, P.: Clay mineral evidence of nepheloid layer contribution to the Heinrich layers in the Northwest Atlantic, Paleogeogr. Palaeocl., 146, 211-228, 1999. (Pubitemid 29060135)
19. Bout-Roumazeilles, V., Nebout, N. C., Peyron, O., Cortijo, E., Landais, A., and Masson-Delmotte, V.: Connection between South Mediterranean climate and North African atmospheric circulation during the last 50,000 yr BP North Atlantic cold events, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 26, 3197-3215, 2007. (Pubitemid 350235736)
20. Boyle, E. A.: Chemical accumulation variations under the Peru Current during the past 130 000 years, J. Geophy. Res., 88, 7667-7680, 1983.
21. Brindley, G. W. and Brown, G.: Crystal Structures of Clay Minerals and their X-ray identification, Mineralogical Society, London, 1980.
22. Brooks, N. and Legrand, M.: Dust variability over northern Africa and rainfall in the Sahel, in: Linking Climate Change to Landsurface Change, edited by: McLaren, S. J. and Kniveton, D., Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, 1-25, 2000.
23. Brun, A.: Pollens dans les séries marines du Golfe de Gabès et du plateau des Kerkennah (Tunisie): Signaux climatiques et anthropiques, Quaternaire, 3, 31-39, 1992.
24. Callot, Y., Marticorena, B., and Bergametti, G.: Geomorphologic approach for modelling the surface features of arid environments in a model of dust emissions: application to the Sahara desert, Geodin. Ac. Acta, 13, 245-270, 2000. (Pubitemid 32007504)
25. Calvert, S. E. and Fontugne, M. R.: On the late Pleistocene-Holocene sapropel record of climatic and oceanographic variability in the eastern Mediterranean, Paleoceanography, 16, 78-94, doi:10.1029/1999PA000488, 2001. (Pubitemid 32296473)
26. Calvert, S. E. and Pedersen, T. F.: Elemental Proxies for Palaeoclimatic and Palaeoceanographic Variability in Marine Sediments: Interpretation and Application, in: Proxies in Late Cenozoic Paleoceanography, edited by: Hillaire-Marcel, C. and De Vernal, A., Elsevier, Amsterdam, London, 567-644, 2007.
27. Caquineau, S., Gaudichet, A., Gomes, L., Magonthier, M.-C., and Chatenet, B.: Saharan dust: clay ratio as a relevant tracer to assess the origin of soil-derived aerosols, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 983-986, 1998. (Pubitemid 28431317)
28. Caquineau, S., Gaudichet, A., Gomes, L., and Legrand, M.: Mineralogy of Saharan dust transported over northwestern tropical Atlantic Ocean in relation to source regions, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 4251, doi:10.1029/2000JD000247, 2002.
29. Chamley, H.: Recherches sur la sédimentation argileuse actuelle en Méditerranée, Sciences Géologiques de Strasbourg, Memoir, 35, 225 pp., 1971.
30. Chamley, H.: Sédimentation argileuse en mer Ionienne au Plio-Pléistocène d'après l'étude des forages 125 DSDP, B. Soc. Geol. Fr., 7, 1131-1143, 1975.
31. Chamley, H.: Clay sedimentology, Berlin, Spinger-Verlag, 623 pp., 1989.
32. Cheddadi, R., Rossignol-Strick, M., and Fontugne, M.: Eastern Mediterranean paleoclimates from 26 to 5 ka BP by pollen and isotopic analysis of a core in the anoxic Bannock Basin, Mar. Geol., 100, 53-66, 1991.
33. Chester, R., Elderfield, H., Griffin, J. J., Johnson, L. R., and Padgham, R. C.: Eolian dust along the eastern margins of the Atlantic Ocean, Mar. Geol., 13, 91-105, 1972.
34. Chester, R., Baxter, G., Behairy, A. K. A., Connor, K., Cross, D., Elderfield, H., and Padgham, R. C.: Soil-sized eolian dusts from the lower troposphere of the eastern Mediterranean Sea, Mar. Geol., 24, 201-217, 1977.
35. Claude, J., Francillon, G., and Loyer, J. Y.: Les alluvions deposées par l'Oued Medjerda lors de la crue exceptionelle de mars 1973, Cah. ORSTOM, Hydrol., 14-1, 37-109, 1977.
36. Cole, J. M., Goldstein, S. L., Demenocal, P. B., Hemming, S. R., and Grousset, F. E.: Contrasting compositions of Saharan dust in the eastern Atlantic Ocean during the last deglaciation and African Humid Period, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 278, 257-266, 2009.
37. Colin, C., Siani, G., Sicre, M.-A., and Liu, Z.: Impact of the east Asian monsoon rainfall changes on the erosion of the Mekong River basin over the past 25,000 yr, Mar. Geol., 271, 84-92, 2010.
38. Colonese, A. C., Zanchetta, G., Dotsika, E. Drysdale, R. N., Fallick, A. E., Grifoni Cremonesi, R., and Manganelli, G.: Early-Middle Holocene land snail shell stable isotope record from Grotta di Latronico 3 (Southern Italy), J. Quaternary Sci., 25, 1347-1359, 2010.
39. Combourieu-Nebout, N., Paterne, M., Turon, J. L., and Siani, G.: A high-resolution record of the last deglaciation on the central Mediterranean Sea: Palaeovegetation and palaeohydrological evolution, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 17, 303-317, 1998. (Pubitemid 28338595)
40. Combourieu Nebout, N., Turon, J. L., Zahn, R., Capotondi, L., Londeix, L., and Pahnke, K.: Enhanced aridity and atmospheric high-pressure stability over the western Mediterranean during the North Atlantic cold events of the past 50 k.y, Geology, 30, 863-866, 2002. (Pubitemid 35326902)
41. Combourieu-Nebout, N., Peyron, O., Bout-Roumazeilles, V., Goring, S., Dormoy, I., Joannin, S., Sadori, L., Siani, G., and Magny, M.: Holocene vegetation and climate changes in central Mediterranean inferred from a high-resolution marine pollen record (Adriatic Sea), Clim. Past Discuss., 9, 1969-2014, doi:10.5194/cpd-9-1969-2013, 2013.
42. Coudé-Gaussen, G.: Les poussières éoliennes sahariennes, Mise au point, Revue de géomorphologie dynamique, 31, 49-69, 1982.
43. Coudé-Gaussen, G.: Saharan dust, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 9753-9771, 1987.
44. Coudé-Gaussen, G.: Les poussières sahariennes, John Libbey Euro Text, 390 pp., 1991.
45. Coudé-Gaussen, G. and Blanc, P.: Présence de grains éolisés de palygorskite dans les poussières actuelles et les sediments récents d'origine désertique, B. Soc. Geol. F., 1,5 71-579, 1985.
46. 18O, C. R. Acad. Sc. Paris, 295, 939-942, 1982.
47. Coudé-Gaussen, G., Rognon, P., Rapp, A., and Nihlén, T.: Dating of peridesert loess in Matmata, south Tunisia, by radiocarbon and thermoluminescence methods, Z. Geomorp. N. F., 31, 129-144, 1987.
48. Cram, A. and O'Sullivan, G.: Neogene sapropels in the Mediterranean: a review, Mar. Geol., 153, 11-28, 1999.
49. Crouvi, O., Amit, R., Enzel, Y., and Gillespie, A. R.: Active sand seas and the formation of desert loess, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 29, 2087-2098, 2010.
50. D'Almeida, G. A.: A model for Saharan dust transport, J. Clim. Appl. Meteorol., 25, 903-916, 1986.
51. De Lange, G. J., Thomson, J., Reitz, A., Slomp, C. P., Principato, M. S., Erba, E., and Corselli, C.: Synchronous basin-wide formation and redox-controlled preservation of a Mediterranean sapropel, Nat. Geosci., 1, 606-610, 2008.
52. deMenocal, P. B., Ortiz, J., Guilderson, T., Adkins, J., Sarnthein, M., Baker, L., and Yarusinsky, M.: Abrupt onset and termination of the African Humid Period: rapid climatic responses to gradual insolation forcing, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 19, 347-361, 2000. (Pubitemid 30018302)
53. Desprat, S., Combourieu-Nebout, N., Essallami, L., Sicre, M. A., Dormoy, I., Peyron, O., Siani, G., Bout Roumazeilles, V., and Turon, J. L.: Deglacial and Holocene vegetation and climatic changes in the southern Central Mediterranean from a direct land-sea correlation, Clim. Past, 9, 767-787, doi:10.5194/cp-9-767-2013, 2013.
54. Di Vito, M. A., Isaia, R., Orsi, G., Southon, J., de Vita, S., D'Antonio, M., Pappalardo, L., and Piochi, M.: Volcanism and deformation since 12,000 years at the Campi Flegrei caldera (Italy), J. Volcanol. Geoth. Res., 91, 221-246, 1999. (Pubitemid 30059674)
55. Dominik, J. and Stoffers, P.: The influence of Late Quaternary stagnations on clay sedimentation in the eastern Mediterranean Sea, Geol. Rund., 68, 302-317, 1978.
56. Ehrmann, W., Schmiedl, G., Hamann, Y., and Kuhnt, T.: Distribution of clay minerals in surface sediments of the Aegean Sea: a compilation, Int. J. Earth Sci., 96, 769-780, 2007a. (Pubitemid 47054944)
57. Ehrmann, W., Schmiedl, G., Hamann, Y., Kuhnt, T., Hemleben, C., and Siebel, W.: Clay minerals in late glacial and Holocene sediments of the northern and southern Aegean Sea, Paleogeogr. Palaeocl., 249, 36-57, 2007b. (Pubitemid 46726498)
58. Elloy, R. and Thomas, G.: Dynamique de la génèse des croutes calcaires (calcretes) développées sur series rouges pléistocènes en Algérie N. Occ., Contexte géomorphologique et climatique, Pétrographie et géochimie, Bull. Centre Rech. Explo.-Prod. Elf-Aquitaine, 5, 53-112, 1981.
59. Emeis, K.-C., Robertson, A. E. S., Richter, C., and Shipboard Scientific Party (Eds.): Proc. ODP Init. Repts., 160, Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX, doi:10.2973/odp.proc.ir.160.1996, 1996.
60. Emeis, K.-C., Struck, U., Schulz, H.-M., Bernasconi, S., Sakamoto, T., and Martinez-Ruiz, F.: Temperature and salinity of Mediterranean Sea surface waters over the last 16,000 years: constraints on the physical environment of S1 sapropel formation based on stable oxygen isotopes and alkenone unsaturation ratios, Palaeogeogr. Palaeocl., 158, 259-280, 2000. (Pubitemid 30392510)
61. Engelstaedter, S., Tegen, I., and Washington, R.: North African dust emissions and transport, Earth Sci. Rev., 79, 73-100, doi:10.1016/j.earscirev. 2006.06.004, 2006. (Pubitemid 44734560)
62. Ergin, M., Bayhan, E., and Temel, A.: Clay mineral distribution in last Glacial-Holocene sediment cores from the eastern Marmara Sea (Cinarcik Basin-Irzmir Gulf Transition), NW-Turkey: Multisources and transport paths in a two-way flow system, Quatern. Int., 261, 53-74, 2012.
63. Essallami, I., Sicre, M. A., Kallel, N., Labeyrie, L., and Siani, G.: Hydrological changes in the Mediterranean Sea over the last 30,000 years, Geochem. Geophy. Geosy., 8, 73-100, doi:10.1029/2007GC001587, 2007.
64. Fagel, N. and Hillaire-Marcel, C.: Glacial/interglacial instabilities of the Western Boundary Under Current during the last 365 kyr from Sm/Nd ratios of the sedimentary clay-size fractions at ODP site 646 (Labrador Sea), Mar. Geol., 232, 87-99, 2006. (Pubitemid 44436273)
65. Fagel, N., Hillaire-Marcel, C., and Robert, C.: Changes in the Western Boundary Undercurrent outflow since the Last Glacial Maximum, from smectite/illite ratios in deep Labrador Sea sediments, Paleoceanography, 12, 79-96, 1997.
66. Faust, D., Zielhofer, C., Baena, R., and Diaz del Olmo, F.: High resolution fluvial record of late Holocene geomorphic change in northern Tunisia: climatic or human impact?, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 23, 1757-1775, 2004. (Pubitemid 38991418)
67. Fink, H. G., Wienberg, C., Hebbeln, D., McGregor, H. V., Schmiedl, G., Taviani, M., and Freiwald, A.: Oxygen control on Holocene cold-water coral development in the eastern Mediterranean Sea, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 62, 89-96, 2012.
68. Fletcher, W. I. and Sanchez-Goñi, M. F.: Orbital- and sub-orbital-scale climate impacts on vegetation of the western Mediterranean basin over the last 48,000 yr, Quaternary Res., 70, 451-464, 2008.
69. Folger, D. W.: Wind transport of land derived mineral, biogenic and industrial matter in the Atlantic, Deep-Sea Res., 17, 433-459, 1970.
70. Formenti, P., Rajot, J. L., Desboeufs, K., Saïd, F., Grand, N., Chevaillier, S., and Schmechtig, C.: Airborne observations of mineral dust over western Africa in the summer Monsoon season: spatial and vertical variability of physico-chemical and optical properties, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 6387-6410, doi:10.5194/acp-11-6387-2011, 2011a.
71. Formenti, P., Schütz, L., Balkanski, Y., Desboeufs, K., Ebert, M., Kandler, K., Petzold, A., Scheuvens, D., Weinbruch, S., and Zhang, D.: Recent progress in understanding physical and chemical properties of African and Asian mineral dust, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 8231-8256, doi:10.5194/acp-11-8231-2011, 2011b.
72. Foucault, A. and Mélières, F.: Palaeoclimatic cyclicity in central Mediterranean Pliocene sediments: the mineralogical signal, Paleogeogr. Palaeocl., 158, 311-323, 2000. (Pubitemid 30392513)
73. Frigola, J., Moreno, A., Cacho, I., Canals, M., Sierro, F. J., Flores, J. A., Grimalt, J. O., Hodell, D. A., and Curtis, J. H.: Holocene climate variability in the western Mediterranean region from a deepwater sediment record, Paleoceanography, 22, PA2209, doi:10.1029/2006PA001307, 2007.
74. Frigola, J., Moreno, A., Cacho, I., Canals, M., Sierro, F. J., Flores, J. A., and Grimalt, J. O.: Evidence of abrupt changes in Western Mediterranean Deep Water circulation during the last 50 kyr: a high-resolution marine record from the Balearic Sea, Quaternary Int., 181, 88-104, doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2007. 06.016, 2008.
75. Frisia, S., Borsato, A., Mangini, A., Spötl, C., and Madonna, G.: Holocene climate variability from a discontinuous stalagmite record and the Mesolithic to Neolithic transition, Quaternary Res., 66, 388-400, 2006. (Pubitemid 44804177)
76. Ganor, E. and Foner, H. A.: The mineralogical and chemical properties and behaviour of aeolian Sahara dust over Israel, in: The Impact of Desert Dust Across the Mediterranean, edited by: Guerzoni, S. and Chester, R., Kluwer Academic, Norwell, Mass., 163-172, 1996.
77. Ganor, E., Foner, H., Brenner, S., Neeman, E., and Lavi, N.: Chemical composition of aerosols settling in Israel following dust storms, Atmos. Environ., 25, 2665-2670, 1991.
78. Ganor, E., Deutsch, Y., and Foner, H. A.: Mineralogical composition and sources of airborne settling particles on Lake Kinneret (the sea of Galilee) in Israel, Water Air Soil Poll., 118, 245-262, doi:10.1023/A:1005167230795, 2000. (Pubitemid 30111722)
79. Garzanti, E., Ando, S., Vezzoli G., Abdel Megid, A. A., and El Kammar, A.: Petrology of Nile River sands (Ethiopia and Sudan): sediment budgets and erosion patterns, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 252, 327-341, 2006. (Pubitemid 44774517)
80. Gingele, F., De Decker, P., and Hillenbrand, C.-D.: Clay mineral distribution in surface sediments between Indonesia and NW Australia - source and transport by ocean currents, Mar. Geol., 179, 135-146, 2001. (Pubitemid 33649584)
81. Giraudi, C., Magny, M., Zanchetta, G., and Drysdale, R. N.: The Holocene climatic evolution of the Mediterranean Italy: A review of the continental geological data, Holocene, 21, 105-115, 2011.
82. Glaccum, R. A. and Prospero, J. M.: Saharan aerosols over the tropical north Atlantic - Mineralogy, Mar. Geol., 37, 295-321, 1980.
83. Gomes, L., Bergametti, G., Coudé-Gaussen, G., and Rognon, P.: Submicron desert dust: A sandblasting process, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 927-935, 1990.
84. Goudie, A. S.: Great warm deserts of the world, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2003.
85. Goudie, A. S. and Middleton, N. J.: Saharan dust storms: nature and consequences, Earth Sci. Rev., 56, 179-204, 2001. (Pubitemid 34018696)
86. Griffin, J. J., Koide, M., Höhndorf, A., Hawkins, J. W., and Goldberg, E. D.: Sediments of the Lau Basin, rapidly accumulating volcanic deposits, Deep-Sea Res., 19, 139-148, 1967.
87. Grousset, F., Buat-Menard, P., Boust, D., Tian, R.-C., Baudel, S., Pujol, C., and Vergnaud-Grazzini, C.: Temporal changes of Aeolian Saharan input in the Cape Verde abyssal plain since the last Glacial period, Oceanol. Acta, 12, 177-185, 1989. (Pubitemid 19306983)
88. Grousset, F. E., Rognon, P., Coudé-Gaussen, G., and Pédemay, P.: Origins of peri-Saharan dust deposits traced by their Nd and Sr isotopic composition, Paleogeogr. Palaeocl., 93, 203-212, 1992.
89. Guerzoni, S. and Chester, R.: The impact of Desert Dust across the Mediterranean, Dordrecht, Kluwer Academic, 1996.
90. Guerzoni, S., Molinaroli, E., and Chester, R.: Saharan dust inputs to the Western Mediterranean Sea: depositional patterns, geochemistry and sedimentological implications, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 44, 631-654, 1997.
91. Guerzoni, S., Chester, R., Dulac, F., Herut, B., Loyë-Pilot, M.-D., Measures, C., Migon, C., Molinaroli, E., Moulin, C., Rossini, P., Saydam, C., Soudine, A., and Ziveri, P.: The role of atmospheric deposition in the biogeochemistry of the Mediterranean Sea, Prog. Oceanogr., 44, 147-190, 1999.
92. Hamann, Y., Ehrmann, W., Schmiedl, G., Krüger, S., Stuut, J.-B., and Kuhnt, T.: Sedimentation processes in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea during the Late Glacial and Holocene revealed by end-member modelling of the terrigenous fraction in marine sediments, Mar. Geol., 248, 97-114, 2008.
93. Hamann, Y., Ehrmann, W., Schmiedl, G., and Kuhnt, T.: Modern and late Quaternary clay mineral distribution in the area of the SE Mediterranean Sea, Quaternary Res., 71, 453-464, 2009.
94. Hamann, Y., Bowen, S. W., Ersoy, O., Ehrmann, W., and Aydar, E.: First evidence of a distal early Holocene ash layer in Eastern Mediterranean deep-sea sediments derived from the Anatolian volcanic province, Quaternary Res., 73, 497-506, 2010.
95. Haug, G., Hughen, K. A., Sigman, D. M., Peterson, L. C., and Röhl, U.: Southward migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone through the Holocene, Science, 293, 1304-1308, 2001. (Pubitemid 32777417)
96. Hilgen, H. J.: Astronomical calibration of Gauss to Matuyama sapropels in the Mediterranean and implication for the geomagnetic polarytime scale, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 104, 226-244, 1991.
97. Hodell, D. A., Brenner, M., Curtis, J. H., and Guilderson, T.: Solar forcing of drought frequency in the Maya lowlands, Science, 292, 1367-1370, doi:10.1126/science.1057759, 2001. (Pubitemid 32476221)
98. Holeman, J. N.: The sediment yield of major rivers of the world, Water Resour. Res., 4, 737-744, 1968.
99. Israelevich, P. L., Levin, Z., Joseph, J. H., and Ganor, E.: Desert aerosol transport in the Mediterranean region as inferred from TOMS aerosol index, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 4572, doi:10.1029/2001jd002011, 2002.
100. Israelevich, P., Ganor, E., Alpert, P., Kishcha, P., and Stupp, A.: Predominant transport paths of Saharan dust over the Mediterranean Sea to Europe, J. Geophys. Res., 117, D02205, doi:10.1029/2011JD016482, 2012.
101. Jalut, G., Deboubat, J. J., Fontugne, M., and Otto, T.: Holocene circum-Mediterranean vegetation changes: climate forcing and human impact, Quatern. Int., 200, 4-18, 2009.
102. Jiménez-Espejo, F. J., Martínez-Ruiz, F., Sakamoto, T., Iijima, K., Gallego-Torres, D., and Harada, N.: Paleoenvironmental changes in the western Mediterranean since the last glacial maximum: high resolution multiproxy record from the Algero-Balearic basin, Palaeogeogr. Palaeocl., 246, 292-306, doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.10.005, 2007. (Pubitemid 46399764)
103. Kallel, N., Paterne, J. C., Duplessy, C., Vergnaud- Grazzini, C., Labeyrie, L., Arnold, M., Fontugne, M., and Pierre, C.: Enhanced rainfall in the Mediterranean region during the last sapropel event, Oceanol. Acta, 20, 697-712, 1997.
104. Kandler, K., Schütz, L., Deutscher, C., Ebert, M., Hofmann, H., Jäckel, S., Jaenicke, R., Knippertz, P., Lieke, K., Massling, A., Petzold, A., Schladitz, A., Weinzierl, B., Wiedensohler, A., Zorn, S., and Weinbruch, S.: Size distribution, mass concentration, chemical and mineralogical composition and derived optical parameters of the boundary layer aerosol at Tinfou, Morocco, during SAMUN 2006, Tellus B, 61, 32-50, 2009.
105. Khiri, F., Ezaidi, A., and Kabbachi, K.: Dust deposits in Souss-Massa basin, South-West of Morocco: granulometrical, mineralogical and geochemical characterization, J. Afr. Earth Sci., 39, 459-464, 2004. (Pubitemid 39499733)
106. Kidd, R. B., Cita, M. B., and Ryan, W. B. F.: Stratigraphy of the Eastern Mediterranean Sapropel Sequences Recovered during DSDP LEG 42A and Their Paleoenvironmental Significance, edited by: Hsü, K. J., Montadert, L., Bernoulli, D., Bizon, G., Cita, M., Erickson, A., Fabricius, F., Garrison, R. E., Kidd, R. B., Mélières, F., Müller, C., and Wright, R. C., Initial Rep. Deep Sea 42, US Govt. Printing Office, Washington, DC, 421-443, 1978.
107. Kiefert, L., McTainsh, G. H., and Nickling, W. G.: Sedimentological characteristics of Saharan and Australian Dusts, in: The Impact of Desert Dust Across the Mediterranean, edited by: Guerzoni, S. and Chester, R., Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 183-190, 1996.
108. Kim, J., Jung, C. H., Choi, B.-C., Oh, S.-N., Brechtel, F. J., Yoon, S.-C., and Kim, S.-W.: Number size distribution of atmospheric aerosols during ACE-Asia dust and precipitation events, Atmos. Environ., 41, 4841-4855, 2007. (Pubitemid 46836868)
109. Klein, B., Roether, W., Manca, B. B., Bregant, D., Beitzei, V., Kovacevic, V., and Luchetta, A.: The large deep water transient in the Eastern Mediterranean, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 46, 371-414, 1999. (Pubitemid 29134006)
110. Koren, I., Kaufman, Y. J., Washington, R., Todd, M. C., Rudich, Y., Vanderlei Martins, J., and Rosenfeld, D.: The Bodélé depression: A single spot in the Sahara that provides most mineral dust to the Amazon forest, Environ. Res. Lett., 1, 014005, doi:10.1088/1748-9326/1/1/014005, 2006.
111. Kotthoff, U., Pross, J., Müller, U. C., Peyron, O., Schmiedl, G., Schulz, H., and Bordon, A.: Clim. Dynam. in the borderlands of the Aegean Sea during formation of sapropel S1 deduced from a marine pollen record, Quaternary Sci. Rev. 27, 832-845, 2008.
112. Krom, M. D., Stanley, J. D., Cliff, R. A., and Woodwrad, J. C.: Nile River sediment fluctuations over the past 7000 yr and their key role in sapropel development, Geology, 30, 71-74, 2002. (Pubitemid 35016096)
113. Liu, Z., Trentesaux, A., Clemens, S. C., Colin, C., Wang, P., Huang, B., and Boulay, S.: Clay mineral assemblages in the northern South China Sea: implications for East Asian monsoon evolution over the past 2 million years. Mar. Geol., 201, 133-146, 2003. (Pubitemid 37207632)
114. Lourens, L. J., Antonarakou, F. J., Hilgen, F. J., Van Hoof, A. A. M., Vergnaud Grazzini, C., and Zachariasse, W. J.: Evaluation of the Plio-Pleistocene astronomical time-scale, Paleoceanography, 11, 391-431, 1996.
115. Löye-Pilot, M.-D. and Martin, J. M.: Saharan dust input to the Western Mediterranean; an eleven years record in Corsica, in: The impact of desert dust across the Mediterranean, edited by: Guerzoni, S. and Chester, R., Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, 191-199, 1996.
116. Löye-Pilot, M.-D., Martin, J.-M., and Morelli, J.: Influence of Saharan dust on the rainfall acidity and atmospheric input to the Mediterranean, Nature, 321, 427-428, 1986.
117. Luck, J. M. and Ben Othman, D.: Trace element and Pb isotope variability during rainy events in the NW Mediterranean: constraints on anthropogenic and natural sources, Chem. Geol., 182, 443-460, 2002. (Pubitemid 34213139)
118. Magny, M., Miramont, C., and Sivan, O.: Assessment of the impact of climate and anthropogenic factors on Holocene Mediterranean vegetation in Europe on the basis of palaeohydrological records, Paleogeogr. Palaeocl., 186, 47-59, 2002.
119. Magny, M., Bégeot, C., Guiot, J., and Peyron, O.: Contrasting patterns of hydrological changes in Europe in response to Holocene climate cooling phases, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 22, 1589-1596, 2003. (Pubitemid 36914568)
120. Magny, M., Vannière, B., de Beaulieu, J.-L., Bégeot, C., Heiri, O., Millet, L., Peyron, O., and Walter-Simonnet, A. V.: Early-Holocene climatic oscillations recorded by lake-level fluctuations in west-central Europe and in central Italy, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 26, 1951-1964, 2007. (Pubitemid 47411598)
121. Magny, M., Vanière, B., Zanchetta, G., Fouache, E., Touchais, G., Petrika, L., Coussot, C., Walter-Simonnet, A. V., and Arnaud, F.: Possible complexity of the climatic event around 4300-3800 cal BP in the central and western Mediterranean, Holocene, 19, 823-833, 2009.
122. Magny, M., Peyron, O., Sadori, L., Ortu, E., Zanchetta, G., Vannière, B., and Tinner, W.: Contrasting patterns of precipitation seasonality during the Holocene in the south- and northcentral Mediterranean, J. Quaternary Sci., 27, 290-296, 2012.
123. Malanotte-Rizzoli, P. and Hecht, A.: Large-scale properties of the Eastern Mediterranean: a review, Oceanol. Acta, 11, 323-335, 1988.
124. Malanotte-Rizzoli, P., Manca, B. B., Ribera, D., Alcala, M., Theocharis, A., Brenner, S., Budillon, G., and Ozsoy, E.: The Eastern Mediterranean in the 80s and in the 90s: the big transition in the intermediate and deep circulations, Dyn. Atmos. Ocean., 29, 365-395, 1999. (Pubitemid 30166269)
125. Martin, J. M. and Milliman, J. D.: EROS 2000 (European Rivers Ocean System). The western Mediterranean Sea: an introduction, Deep-Sea Res., 44, 521-529, 1997.
126. Martin, J. M., Elbaz-Poulichet, F., Guieu, C., Löye-Pilot, M. D., and Han, G.: River versus atmospheric input of material to the Mediterranean Sea: an overview, Mar. Chem., 28, 159-182, 1989.
127. Martinez, P., Bertrand, P., Shimmield, G. B., Cochrane, K., Jorissen, F. J., Foster, J., and Dignan, M.: Upwelling intensity and ocean productivity changes off Cape Blanc (northwest Africa) during the last 70,000 years: Geochemical and micropaleontological evidence, Mar. Geol., 158, 57-74, 1999. (Pubitemid 29239818)
128. Martinez-Ruiz, F., Paytan, A., Kastner, M., Gonzalez-Donoso, J. M., Linares, D., Bernasconi, S., and Jimenez-Espejo, F. J.: A comparative study of the geochemical and mineralogical characteristics of the S1 sapropel in the western and eastern Mediterranean. Palaeogeogr. Palaeocl., 190, 23-37, 2003. (Pubitemid 36264207)
129. Matthewson, A. P., Shimmield, G., Kroon, D., and Fallick, A. E.: A 300 kyr high-resolution aridity record of the North African continent, Paleoceanography, 10, 677-692, 1995. (Pubitemid 26462857)
130. Mayewski, P. A., Rohling, E. J., Stager, J. C., Karlen, W., Maasch, K. A., Meeker, L. D., Meyerson, E. A., Gasse, F., Van Kreveld, S., Holmgren, K., Lee-Thorp, J., Rosqvist, G., Rack, F., Staubwasser, M., Schneider, R. R., and Steig, E. J.: Holocene climate variability, Quaternary Res., 62, 243-255, 2004. (Pubitemid 39499957)
131. McTainsh, G. H., Nickling, W. G., and Lynch, A. W.: Dust deposition and particle size in Mali, West Africa, Catena, 29, 307-322, 1997. (Pubitemid 27284799)
132. Mercone, D., Thomson, J., Croudace, I. W., Siani, G., Paterne, M., and Troelstra, S.: Duration of S1, the most recent sapropel in the eastern Mediterranean Sea, as indicated by accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon and geochemical evidence, Paleoceanograpgy, 15, 336-347, 2000. (Pubitemid 32300494)
133. Milliman, J. D. and Syvitski, J. P. M.: Geomorphic/Tectonic control of sediment discharge to the ocean: The importance of small mountainous rivers, J. Geol., 100, 520-540, 1992.
134. Molinaroli, E.: Mineralogical characterization of Saharan dust with a review to its final destination in Mediterranean sediments, in: The Impact of Desert Dust Across the Mediterranean, edited by: Guerzoni, S. and Chester, R., Kluwer Academic, 153-162, 1996.
135. Montero-Serrano, J. C., Bout-Roumazeilles, V., Tribovillard, N., Sionneau, T., Riboulleau, A., Bory, A., and Flower, B.: Sedimentary evidence of deglacial megafloods in the northern Gulf of Mexico (Pigmy Basin), Quaternary Sci. Rev., 28, 3333-3347, 2009.
136. Montero-Serrano, J. C., Bout-Roumazeilles, V., Sionneau, T., Tribovillard, N., Bory, A., Flower, B. P., Riboulleau, A., Martinez, P., and Billy, I.: Changes in precipitation regimes over North America during the Holocene as recorded by mineralogy and geochemistry of Gulf of Mexico sediments, Global Planet. Change, 74, 132-143, 2010.
137. Moulin, C., Lambert, C. E., Dulac, F., and Dayan, U.: Control of atmospheric export of dust from North Africa by the North Atlantic Oscillation, Nature, 387, 691-694, 1997.
138. O'Hara, S. L., Clarke, M. L., and Elatrash, M. S.: Field measurements of desert dust deposition in Libya, Atmos. Environ., 40, 3881-3897, 2006. (Pubitemid 43776826)
139. Paquet, H., Coudé-Gaussen, G., and Rognon, P.: Etude minéralogique de poussières sahariennes le long d'un itinéraire entre 19° et 35° de latitude nord, Rev. Géol. Dyn. Géogr. Phys., 25, 257-265, 1984.
140. Petschick, R.: MacDiff v4.2.5 (Free Geological Software), available at: http://www.geol-pal.uni-frankfurt.de/Staff/Homepages/Petschick/classicsoftware. html#MacDiff (last access: 2 July 2012), Geologisch-Paläontologisches Institut, Universität Frankfurt/Main, 2001.
141. Petschick, R., Kuhn, G., and Gingele, F.: Clay mineral distribution in surface sediments of the South Atlantic: Sources, transport, and relation to oceanography, Mar. Geol., 130, 203-230, 1996.
142. Peyron, O., Goring, S., Dormoy, I., Kothoff, U., Porss, J., de Beaulieu, J. L., La Mantia, T., Schneider, R., and Magny, M.: Holocene seasonality changes in the central Mediterranean region reconstructed from the pollen sequences of Lake Accesa (Italy) and Tenaghi Philippon (Greece), Holocene, 21, 131-146, 2011.
143. Pickard, G. L. and Emery, W. J.: Descriptive Physical Oceanography - An Introduction, Pergamon Press, San Diego, 249 pp., 1982.
144. Pinsak, A. P. and Murray, H. H.: Regional clay mineral patterns in the Gulf of Mexico, Clays and Clay Minerals, 7, 162-177, 1960
145. Pittalwala, I. and Hameed, I.: Simulation of the North Atlantic Oscillation in a general circulation model, Geophys. Res. Lett., 18, 841-844, 1991.
146. Prospero, J. M.: Arid regions as sources of minerals aerosols in the marine atmosphere, Geol. S. Am. S., 186, 71-86, 1981.
147. Prospero, J. M., Ginoux, P., Torres, O., Nicholson, S. E. and Gill, T. E.: Environmental characterization of global sources of atmospheric soil dust identified with the nimbus 7 total ozone mapping spectrometer (TOMS) absorbing aerosol product, Rev. Geophys., 40, 1002, doi:10.1029/2000RG000095, 2002.
148. Pye, K.: Aeolian dust and dust deposits, Academic Press, New York, London, 334 pp., 1987.
149. Pye, K.: Aeolian dust transport and deposition over Crete and adjacent parts of the Mediterranean Sea, Earth Surf. Proc. Land., 17, 271-288, 1992.
150. Pye, K. and Tsoar, H.: The mechanics and geological implications of dust transport and deposition in deserts with particular reference to loess formation and dune sand diagenesis in the northern Negev, Israel, in: Desert Sediments Ancient and Modern, edited by: Frostick, L. E. and Reid, I., Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Publ., 35, 139-156, 1987.
151. Ramrath, A., Sadori, L., and Negendank, J. F. W.: Sediments from Lago di Mezzano, central Italy: A record of Lateglacial/Holocene climatic variations and anthropogenic impact, Holocene, 10, 87-95, 2000. (Pubitemid 30057215)
152. Regaya, K.: Les accumulations calcaires dans les limons de Matmata de la region de Gabès en Tunisie, B. Soc. Geol. Fr., 37, 387-398, 1984.
153. Regaya, K.: Les croutes calcaires de Tunisie orientale aux environs de Sousse, Signification climatique et historique, B. Soc. Geol. Fr., 45, 99-107, 1992.
154. Revel, M., Ducassou, E., Grousset, F. E., Bernasconi, S. M., Migeon, S., Revillon, S., Mascle, J., Murat, A., Zaragosi, S., and Bosch, D.: 100,000 years of African monsoon variability recorded in sediments of the Nile margin, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 29, 1342-1362, 2010.
155. Richter, T. O., van der Gaast, S., Koster, B., Vaasrs, A., Gieles, R., de Stigter, H. C., de Haas, H., van Weering, T. C. E., and Rothwell, R. G.: The Avaatech XRF Core Scanner: technical description and applications to NE Atlantic sediments, in: Techniques in Sediment Core Analysis, edited by: Rothwell, R. G., New Geological Society of London, Special Publication, 267, 39-50, 2006.
156. Robert, C., Gauthier, A., and Chamley, H.: Origine autochtone et allochtone des argiles récentes de haute altitude en Corse, Géologie de la Méditerranée, XI, 243-253, 1984.
157. Roberts, N., Jones, M. D., Benkaddour, A., Eastwood, W. J., Filippi, M. L., Frogley, M. R., Lamb, H. F., Leng, M. J., Reed, J. M., Stein, M., Stevens, L., Valero-Garces, B., and Zanchetta, G.: Stable isotope records of Late Quaternary climate and hydrology from Mediterranean lakes: the ISOMED synthesis, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 27, 2426-2441, 2008.
158. Roberts, N., Brayshaw, D., Kuzucuoglu, C., Perez, R., and Sadori, L.: The mid-Holocene climatic transition in the Mediterranean: causes and consequences, Holocene, 21, 3-14, 2011.
159. Rodrigo-Gamiz, M., Martínez-Ruiz, F., Jiménez-Espejo, F. J., Gallego-Torres, D., Nieto-Moreno, V., Romero, O., and Ariztegui, D.: Impact of climate variability in the western Mediterranean during the last 20,000 years: oceanic and atmospheric responses, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 30, 2018-2034, 2011.
160. 10 and TSP levels in Southern and Eastern Spain, Atmos. Environ., 35, 2433-2447, 2001.
161. Rohdenburg, H.: Landscape ecology - Geomorphology, Catena, Reiskirchen, 177 pp., 1989.
162. Rohling, E. J.: Review and new aspects concerning the formation of eastern Mediterranean sapropels, Mar. Geol., 122, 1-28, 1994.
163. Rossignol-Strick, M., Nesteroff, W., Olive, P., and Vergnaud-Grazzini, C.: After the deluge: Mediterranean stagnation and sapropel formation, Nature, 295, 105-110, 1982.
164. Rouis-Zargouni, I.: Evolution paléoclimatique et paléohydrologique de la Méditerranée Occidentale au cours des derniers 30 000 ans; contribution des dinokystes et des foraminifères planctoniques, Ph.D. Thesis, Bordeaux I-Sfax Univ., 210 pp., 2010.
165. Rouis-Zargouni, I., Turon, J.-L., Londeix, L., Essallami, L., Kallel, N., and Sicre, M.-A.: Environmental and climatic changes in the central Mediterranean Sea (Siculo-Tunisian Strait) during the last 30 ka based on dinoflagellate cyst and planktonic foraminifera assemblages, Paleogeogr. Palaeocl., 285, 17-29, 2010.
166. Rouis-Zargouni, I., Turon, J. L., Londeix, L., Kallel, N., and Essallami, L.: The last glacial-interglacial transition and dinoflagellate cysts in the western Mediterranean sea, C. R. Geoscience, 344, 99-109, doi:10.1016/j.crte. 2012.01.002, 2012.
167. Sadori, L., Giraudi, C., Pettitti, P., and Ramrath, A.: Human impact at Lago di Mezzano (central Italy) during the Bronze Age: a multidisciplinary approach, Quatern. Int., 113, 5-17, 2004. (Pubitemid 38143524)
168. Sadori, L., Zanchetta, G. and Giardini, M.: Last Glacial to Holocene palaeoenvironmental evolution at Lago di Pergusa (Sicily, Southern Italy) as inferred by pollen, microcharcoal, and stable isotopes, Quatern. Int., 181, 4-14, 2008.
169. Sadori, L., Jahns, S., and Peyron, O.: Mid-Holocene vegetation history of the central Mediterranean, Holocene, 21, 117-129, 2011.
170. Saliot, A.: The Mediterranean Sea, The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, v. 5, Water Pollution, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 408 pp., 2005.
171. Sánchez-Goñi, M. F., Cacho, I., Turon, J. L., Guiot, J., Sierro, F. J., Peypouquet, J.-P., Grimalt, J. O., and Shackleton, N.: Synchroneity between marine and terrestrial responses to millennial scale climatic variability during the last glacial period in the Mediterranean region, Clim. Dynam., 19, 95-105, 2002. (Pubitemid 34527757)
172. Schilman, B., Bar-Matthews, M., Almogi-Labin, A., and Luz, B.: Global climate instability reflected by Eastern Mediterranean marine records during the late Holocene, Paleogeogr. Palaeocl., 176, 157-176, 2001. (Pubitemid 34171963)
173. Schneider, R. R., Price, B., Müller, P. J., Kroon, D., and Alexander, I.: Monsoon related variations in Zaire (Congo) sediment load and influence of fluvial silicate supply on marine productivity in the east equatorial Atlantic during the last 200,000 years, Paleoceanography, 12, 463-481, 1997.
174. Schütz, L. and Sebert, M.: Mineral aerosols and source identification, J. Aerosol Sci., 18, 1-10, 1987.
175. Siani, G., Paterne, M., Michel, E., Sulpizio, R., Sbrana, A., Arnold, M., and Haddad, G.; Mediterranean sea-surface radiocarbon reservoir age changes since the last glacial maximum, Science, 294, 1917-1920, 2001. (Pubitemid 33101586)
176. 14C years in a deep-sea sediment sequence for the South Adriatic, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 23, 2485-2500, 2004.
177. Singer, A. and Galan, E.: Palygorskite-sepiolite: occurrences, genesis and uses, Developments in Sedimentology, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 352 pp., 1984.
178. Sionneau, T., Bout-Roumazeilles, V., Biscaye, P. E., Van Vliet-Lanoe, B., and Bory, A.: Clay mineral distributions in and around the Mississippi River watershed and Northern Gulf of Mexico: sources and transport patterns, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 27, 1740-1751, 2008.
179. Sionneau, T., Bout-Roumazeilles, V., Flower, B. P., Bory, A., Tribovillard, N., Kissel, C., Van Vliet-Lanoe, B., and Montero Serrano, J. C.: Provenance of freshwater pulses in the Gulf of Mexico during the last deglaciation, Quaternary Res., 74, 235-245, 2010.
180. Skonieczny, C., Bory, A., Bout-Roumazeilles, V., Abouchami, W., Galer, S. J. G., Crosta, X., Stuut, J.-B., Meyer, I., Chiapello, I., Podvin, T., Chatenet, B., Diallo, A., and Ndiaye, T.: The 7-13 March 2006 major Saharan outbreak: Multi-proxy characterization of mineral dust deposited on the West African margin, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D18210, doi:10/1029/2011JD016173, 2011.
181. Skonieczny, C., Bory, A., Bout-Roumazeilles, V., Abouchami, W., Galer, S. J. G., Crosta, X., Diallo, A., Ndiaye, T.: A three-year time series of mineral dust deposits on the West African margin: Sedimentological and geochemical signatures and implications for interpretation of marine paleo-dust records, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 364, 145-156, 2013.
182. Stanley, D. J. and Wingerath, J. G.: Clay mineral distributions to interpret Nile cell provenance and dispersal, I. Lower River Nile to delta sector, J. Coast. Res., 12, 911-929, 1996.
183. Stanley, D. J., Warne, A. G., Davis, H. R., Bernasconi, M. P., and Chen, Z.: Nile Delta, Nat. Geogr. Res. Expl., 8, 22-51, 1992.
184. Stevens, L. R., Wright Jr., H. E., and Ito, E.: Proposed changes in seasonality of climate during the late-glacial and Holocene at Lake Zeribar, Iran, Holocene, 11, 747-756, 2001.
185. Stevenson, A. C., Phethean, S. J., and Robinson, J. E.: The palaeosalinity and vegetational history of Garaet el Ichkeul, northwest Tunisia, Holocene, 3, 201-210, 1993. (Pubitemid 24395797)
186. Stumpf, R., Frank, M., Schönfeld, J., and Haley, B. A.: Late Quaternary variability of Mediterranean Outflow Water from radiogenic Nd and Pb isotopes, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 29, 2462-2572, doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.06. 021, 2010.
187. Stumpf, R., Frank, M., Schönfeld, J., and Haley, B. A.: Climatically driven changes in sediment supply on the SW Iberian shelf since the last Glacial Maximum, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 312, 80-90, 2011.
188. Thiry, M.: Paleoclimatic interpretation of clay minerals in marine deposits: an outlook from the continental origin, Earth Sci. Rev., 49, 201-221, 2000.
189. Tomadin, L.: Sedimentary fluxes and different dispersion mechanisms of the clay sediments in the Adriatic Basin, Rend. Fis. Acc. Lincei, 9, 161-174, 2000.
190. Tomadin, L. and Lenaz, R.: Eolian dust over the Mediterranean and their contribution to the present sedimentation, in: Paleoclimatology and Paleometeorology: Modern and past patterns of global atmospheric transport, edited by: Leinen, M. and Sarnthein, M., Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, 282, 267-281, 1989.
191. Torres-Padrón, M. E., Gelado-Caballero, M. D., Collado-Sánchez, C., Siruela-Matos, V. F., Cardona-Castellano, P. J., and Hernández-Brito, J. J.: Variability of dust inputs to the CANIGO zone, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 49, 3455-3464, 2002.
192. Tribovillard, N., Bout-Roumazeilles, V., Algeo, T., Lyons, T. W., Sionneau, T., Montero-Serrano, J. C., Riboulleau, A., and Baudin, F.: Paleodepositional conditions in the Orca Basin as inferred from organic matter and trace metal contents, Mar. Geol., 254, 62-72, 2008.
193. Tzedakis, P. C.: Seven ambiguities in the Mediterranean palaeoenvironmental narrative, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 26, 2042-2066, 2007.
194. 39Ar chrono-stratigraphy of pre-and syn-rift bimodal flood volcanism in Ethiopia and Yemen, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 198, 289-306, 2002.
195. Vannière, B., Power, M. J., Roberts, N., Tinner, W., Carrion, J., Magny, M., and Bartlein, P.: Circum-Mediterranean fire activity and climate changes during the mid Holocene environmental transition (8500-2500 cal yr BP), Holocene, 21, 53-73, 2011.
196. Venkatarathnam, K. and Ryan, W. B. F.: Dispersal patterns of clay minerals in the sediments of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea, Mar. Geol., 11, 261-282, 1971.
197. Verrecchia, E. P. and Le Coustumer, M.-N.: Occurrence and genesis of palygorskite and associated clay minerals in a Pleistocene calcrete complex, Sde Boqer, Negev Desert, Israel, Clay Min., 31, 183-202, 1996. (Pubitemid 126596141)
198. Washington, R. and Todd, M. C.: Atmospheric controls on mineral dust emission from the Bodélé depression, Chad: the role of the low level jet, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L17701, doi:10.1029/2005GL023597, 2005.
199. Weldeab, S., Siebel, W., Wehausen, R., Emeis, K.-C., Schmiedl, G., and Hemleben, C.: Late Pleistocene sedimentation in the Western Mediterranean Sea: implications for productivity changes and climatic conditions in the catchment areas, Paleogeogr. Palaeocl., 190, 121-137, 2003. (Pubitemid 36264212)
200. Wüst, G.: On the vertical circulation on the Mediterranean Sea, J. Geophys. Res., 66, 3261-3271, 1961.
201. Yarincik, K. M., Murray, R. W., and Peterson, L. C.: Climatically sensitive eolian and hemipelagic deposition in the Cariaco Basin, Venezuela, over the past 578,000 years: Results from Al/Ti and K/Al, Paleoceanography, 15, 210-228, 2000. (Pubitemid 32296294)
202. Zahar, Y., Ghorbel, A., and Albergel, J.: Impacts of large dams on downstream flow conditions of rivers: aggradation and reduction of the Medjerda channel capacity downstream of the Sidi Salem dam (Tunisia), J. Hydrol., 351, 318-330, 2008.
203. Zanchetta, G., Drysdale, R. N., Hellstrom, J. C., Fallick, A. E., Isola, I., Gagan, M. K., and Pareschi, M. T.: Enhanced rainfall in the Western Mediterranean during deposition of sapropel S1: Stalagmite evidence from Corchia cave (Central Italy), Quaternary Sci. Rev., 26, 279-286, 2007.
204. Zanchetta, G., Sulpizio, R., Roberts, N., Cioni, R., Eastwood, W. J., Siani, G., Caon, B., Paterne, M., and Santacroce, R.: Tephrostratigraphy, chronology and climatic events of the Mediterranean basin during the Holocene: An overview, Holocene, 21, 33-52, 2011.
205. Zielhofer, C., Faust, D., Diaz del Olmo, F., and Baena, R.: Sedimentation and soil formation phases in the Ghardimaou Basin (Northern Tunisia) during the Holocene, Quatern. Int., 93-94, 109-125, 2002.
206. Zielhofer, C., Faust, D., Baena, R., Diaz del Olmo, F., Kadereit, A., Moldenhauer, K.-M., and Porras, A.: Centennial-scale late Pleistocene to mid-Holocene synthetic profile of the Medjerda floodplain (Northern Tunisia), Holocene, 14, 851-861, 2004. (Pubitemid 39501050)
207. Zielhofer, C., Faust, D., and Linstaedter, J.: Late Pleistocene and Holocene alluvial archives in the Southwestern Mediterranean: changes in fluvial dynamics and past human response, Quatern. Int., 181, 39-54, doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2007.09.016, 2008.
208. Zielhofer, C., Bussmann, J., Ibouhouten, H., and Fenech, K.: Flood frequencies reveal Holocene rapid climate changes (Lower Moulouya River, northeastern Morocco), Quatern. Int., 25, 700-714, doi:10.1002/jqs.1347, 2010.