Promising new treatments for psoriasis

The Scientific World Journal

Volumn 2013, Issue , 2013, Pages

  Dubois Declercq, Sarah ^a   Pouliot, Roxane ^a  

^a UNIVERSITÉ LAVAL   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADALIMUMAB; ALEFACEPT; APILIMOD; APREMILAST; BARICITINIB; BIOLOGICAL PRODUCT; BMS 582949; BRODALUMAB; CERTOLIZUMAB PEGOL; ETANERCEPT; INFLIXIMAB; IXEKIZUMAB; JANUS KINASE; JANUS KINASE INHIBITOR; LIPID; MITOGEN ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE INHIBITOR; MITOGEN ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE P38 INHIBITOR; NERVE GROWTH FACTOR; PHOSPHODIESTERASE IV; PHOSPHODIESTERASE IV INHIBITOR; PROTEIN KINASE C INHIBITOR; R 348; SECUKINUMAB; SOTRASTAURIN; STAT PROTEIN; TOFACITINIB; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR AGONIST; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA INHIBITOR; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG; USTEKINUMAB; VB 201; VX 509; DERMATOLOGICAL AGENT; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT;

ANGIOGENESIS; ANTIINFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY; ARTICLE; BIOLOGICAL THERAPY; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CELL PROLIFERATION; CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; DISEASE SEVERITY; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG SAFETY; DRUG TOLERABILITY; HUMAN; INFLAMMATION; KERATINOCYTE; MEDIATOR; PHASE 2 CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); PHASE 3 CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); PROTEIN DEGRADATION; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PROTEIN PHOSPHORYLATION; PSORIASIS; PSORIASIS VULGARIS; SURVIVAL RATE; T LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATION; TH17 CELL; TREATMENT INDICATION; REVIEW;

DERMATOLOGIC AGENTS; HUMANS; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENTS; PSORIASIS;

EID: 84880887512     PISSN: None     EISSN: 1537744X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1155/2013/980419     Document Type: Article

References (72)

1. Schon M. P., Boehncke W. H., Psoriasis. New England Journal of Medicine 2005 352 18 1899 1912 10.1056/NEJMra041320 (Pubitemid 40627816)
2. Nograles K. E., Krueger J. G., Anti-cytokine therapies for psoriasis. Experimental Cell Research 2011 317 9 1293 1300 2-s2.0-79955646735 10.1016/j.yexcr.2011.01.024
3. Liu Y., Krueger J. G., Bowcock A. M., Psoriasis: genetic associations and immune system changes. Genes and Immunity 2007 8 1 1 12 2-s2.0-33846500207 10.1038/sj.gene.6364351 (Pubitemid 46158098)
4. Rapp S. R., Feldman S. R., Exum M. L., Fleischer A. B., Reboussin D. M., Psoriasis causes as much disability as other major medical diseases. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 1999 41 3 401 407 2-s2.0-0032872277 10.1016/S0190-9622(99)70112-X (Pubitemid 29418506)
5. Lebwohl M., Menter A., Koo J., Feldman S. R., Combination therapy to treat moderate to severe psoriasis. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 2004 50 3 416 430 2-s2.0-1542344331 10.1016/j.jaad.2002.12.002 (Pubitemid 38316135)
6. Peters B. P., Weissman F. G., Gill M. A., Pathophysiology and treatment of psoriasis. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 2000 57 7 645 659
7. Roberson E. D. O., Bowcock A. M., Psoriasis genetics: breaking the barrier. Trends in Genetics 2010 26 9 415 423 2-s2.0-77955842799 10.1016/j.tig.2010.06.006
8. + T lymphocytes. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2001 117 3 569 575 2-s2.0-0034740860 10.1046/j.0022-202x.2001.01481.x (Pubitemid 32955582)
9. Lowes M. A., Bowcock A. M., Krueger J. G., Pathogenesis and therapy of psoriasis. Nature 2007 445 7130 866 873 2-s2.0-33847279025 10.1038/nature05663
10. Griffiths C. E., Barker J. N., Pathogenesis and clinical features of psoriasis. The Lancet 2007 370 9583 263 271 2-s2.0-34447539622 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61128-3 (Pubitemid 47069537)
11. Lebwohl M., Psoriasis. The Lancet 2003 361 9364 1197 1204 2-s2.0-0037420518 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12954-6 (Pubitemid 36398393)
12. Martin G., Guerard S., Fortin M. M., Rusu D., Soucy J., Poubelle P. E., Pouliot R., Pathological crosstalk in vitro between T lymphocytes and lesional keratinocytes in psoriasis: necessity of direct cell-to-cell contact. Laboratory Investigation 2012 92 7 1058 1070
13. Lowes M. A., Kikuchi T., Fuentes-Duculan J., Cardinale I., Zaba L. C., Haider A. S., Bowman E. P., Krueger J. G., Psoriasis vulgaris lesions contain discrete populations of Th1 and Th17 T cells. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2008 128 5 1207 1211 2-s2.0-42149087160 10.1038/sj.jid.5701213 (Pubitemid 351543220)
14. Zheng Y., Danilenko D. M., Valdez P., Kasman I., Eastham-Anderson J., Wu J., Ouyang W., Interleukin-22, a TH17 cytokine, mediates IL-23-induced dermal inflammation and acanthosis. Nature 2007 445 7128 648 651 2-s2.0-33846906224 10.1038/nature05505 (Pubitemid 46232884)
15. Ozawa M., Terui T., Tagami H., Localization of IL-8 and complement components in lesional skin of psoriasis vulgaris and pustulosis palmaris et plantaris. Dermatology 2005 211 3 249 255 2-s2.0-26244437540 10.1159/000087019 (Pubitemid 41415865)
16. Mrowietz U., Kragballe K., Reich K., Spuls P., Griffiths C. E. M., Nast A., Franke J., Antoniou C., Arenberger P., Balieva F., Bylaite M., Correia O., Daudén E., Gisondi P., Iversen L., Kemény L., Lahfa M., Nijsten T., Rantanen T., Reich A., Rosenbach T., Segaert S., Smith C., Talme T., Volc-Platzer B., Yawalkar N., Definition of treatment goals for moderate to severe psoriasis: a European consensus. Archives of Dermatological Research 2011 303 1 1 10 2-s2.0-79951727038 10.1007/s00403-010-1080-1
17. Ortiz-Ibanez K., Alsina M. M., Munoz-Santos C., Tofacitinib and other kinase inhibitors in the treatment of psoriasis. Actas Dermo-Sifiliograficas 2013 104 4 304 310
18. Krueger G., Koo J., Lebwohl M., Menter A., Stern R. S., Rolstad T., The impact of psoriasis on quality of life: results of a 1998 National Psoriasis Foundation Patient-Membership Survey. Archives of Dermatology 2001 137 3 280 284 2-s2.0-0035069606 (Pubitemid 32240779)
19. Driessen R. J. B., Bisschops L. A., Adang E. M. M., Evers A. W., Van De Kerkhof P. C. M., De Jong E. M. G. J., The economic impact of high-need psoriasis in daily clinical practice before and after the introduction of biologics. British Journal of Dermatology 2010 162 6 1324 1329 2-s2.0-77952695421 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.09693.x
20. Christophers E., Segaert S., Milligan G., Molta C. T., Boggs R., Clinical improvement and satisfaction with biologic therapy in patients with severe plaque psoriasis: results of a European cross-sectional observational study. The Journal of Dermatological Treatment 2013 24 3 193 198
21. Nestle F. O., Kaplan D. H., Barker J., Psoriasis. New England Journal of Medicine 2009 361 5 496 509
22. Krueger J. G., The immunologic basis for the treatment of psoriasis with new biologic agents. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 2002 46 1 1 23 2-s2.0-0036145337 10.1067/mjd.2002.120568 (Pubitemid 34073472)
23. Gudjonsson J. E., Johnston A., Ellis C. N., Novel systemic drugs under investigation for the treatment of psoriasis. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 2012 67 1 139 147 2-s2.0-84856373231 10.1016/j.jaad.2011.06.037
24. Anderson P. J., Tumor necrosis factor inhibitors: clinical implications of their different immunogenicity profiles. Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism 2005 34 5, supplement 1 19 22 2-s2.0-17044432625 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2005.01. 005
25. Reich K., Nestle F. O., Papp K., Ortonne J.-P., Evans R., Guzzo C., Li S., Dooley L. T., Griffiths C. E. M., Infliximab induction and maintenance therapy for moderate-to-severe psoriasis: a phase III, multicentre, double-blind trial. The Lancet 2005 366 9494 1367 1374 2-s2.0-26644433889 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67566-6 (Pubitemid 41443403)
26. Weinberg J. M., An overview of infliximab, etanercept, efalizumab, and alefacept as biologic therapy for psoriasis. Clinical Therapeutics 2003 25 10 2487 2505 2-s2.0-0242425724 10.1016/S0149-2918(03)80313-2 (Pubitemid 37373927)
27. Menter A., Tyring S. K., Gordon K., Kimball A. B., Leonardi C. L., Langley R. G., Strober B. E., Kaul M., Gu Y., Okun M., Papp K., Adalimumab therapy for moderate to severe psoriasis: a randomized, controlled phase III trial. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 2008 58 1 106 115 2-s2.0-37349003068 10.1016/j.jaad.2007.09.010 (Pubitemid 350298146)
28. Reich K., Burden A. D., Eaton J. N., Hawkins N. S., Efficacy of biologics in the treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. British Journal of Dermatology 2012 166 1 179 188 2-s2.0-84655169696 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10583.x
29. Sivamani R. K., Goodarzi H., Garcia M. S., Raychaudhuri S. P., Wehrli L. N., Ono Y., Maverakis E., Biologic therapies in the treatment of psoriasis: a comprehensive evidence-based basic science and clinical review and a practical guide to tuberculosis monitoring. Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology 2013 44 2 121 140 2-s2.0-84856418863 10.1007/s12016-012-8301-7
30. Ghoreschi K., Laurence A., Yang X.-P., Tato C. M., McGeachy M. J., Konkel J. E., Ramos H. L., Wei L., Davidson T. S., Bouladoux N., Grainger J. R., Chen Q., Kanno Y., Watford W. T., Sun H.-W., Eberl G., Shevach E. M., Belkaid Y., Cua D. J., Chen W., O'Shea J. J., Generation of pathogenic TH17 cells in the absence of TGF- β 2 signalling. Nature 2010 467 7318 967 971 2-s2.0-77958584113 10.1038/nature09447
31. Ivanov I. I., Zhou L., Littman D. R., Transcriptional regulation of Th17 cell differentiation. Seminars in Immunology 2007 19 6 409 417 2-s2.0-39449101603 10.1016/j.smim.2007.10.011 (Pubitemid 351274050)
32. Ye P., Rodriguez F. H., Kanaly S., Stocking K. L., Schurr J., Schwarzenberger P., Oliver P., Huang W., Zhang P., Zhang J., Shellito J. E., Bagby G. J., Nelson S., Charrier K., Peschon J. J., Kolls J. K., Requirement of interleukin 17 receptor signaling for lung CXC chemokine and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor expression, neutrophil recruitment, and host defense. Journal of Experimental Medicine 2001 194 4 519 527 2-s2.0-17944364849 10.1084/jem.194.4.519 (Pubitemid 32835046)
33. Wada Y., Lu R., Zhou D., Chu J., Przewloka T., Zhang S., Li L., Wu Y., Qin J., Balasubramanyam V., Barsoum J., Ono M., Selective abrogation of Th1 response by STA-5326, a potent IL-12/IL-23 inhibitor. Blood 2007 109 3 1156 1164 2-s2.0-33846864685 10.1182/blood-2006-04-019398 (Pubitemid 46220663)
34. Wada Y., Cardinale I., Khatcherian A., Chu J., Kantor A. B., Gottlieb A. B., Tatsuta N., Jacobson E., Barsoum J., Krueger J. G., Apilimod inhibits the production of IL-12 and IL-23 and reduces dendritic cell infiltration in psoriasis. PLoS ONE 2012 7 4 2-s2.0-84859499638 10.1371/journal.pone.0035069 e35069
35. Ryan C., Abramson A., Patel M., Menter A., Current investigational drugs in psoriasis. Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs 2012 21 4 473 487 2-s2.0-84858244873 10.1517/13543784.2012.669372
36. Hueber W., Patel D. D., Dryja T., Wright A. M., Koroleva I., Bruin G., Antoni C., Draelos Z., Gold M. H., Durez P., Tak P. P., Gomez-Reino J. J., Foster C. S., Kim R. Y., Samson C. M., Falk N. S., Chu D. S., Callanan D., Nguyen Q. D., Rose K., Haider A., Di Padova F., Effects of AIN457, a fully human antibody to interleukin-17A, on psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and uveitis. Science Translational Medicine 2010 2 52 2-s2.0-77958072084 10.1126/ scitranslmed.3001107 52ra72
37. Ren V., Dao H. Jr., Potential role of ixekizumab in the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology 2013 6 75 80
38. Martin D. A., Towne J. E., Kricorian G., The emerging role of IL-17 in the pathogenesis of psoriasis: preclinical and clinical findings. The Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2013 133 1 17 26
39. Connolly D. J., O'Neill L. A., New developments in Toll-like receptor targeted therapeutics. Current Opinion in Pharmacology 2012 12 4 510 518
40. Krueger G. G., Selective targeting of T cell subsets: focus on alefacept-a remittive therapy for psoriasis. Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy 2002 2 4 431 441 2-s2.0-0036244331 10.1517/14712598.2.4.431 (Pubitemid 34492226)
41. Conrad P., Rothman B. L., Kelley K. A., Blue M.-L., Mechanism of peripheral T cell activation by coengagement of CD44 and CD2. Journal of Immunology 1992 149 6 1833 1839 2-s2.0-0026706422
42. De Rie M. A., Cairo I., Van Lier R. A. W., Bos J. D., Expression of the T-cell activation antigens CD27 and CD28 in normal and psoriatic skin. Clinical and Experimental Dermatology 1996 21 2 104 111 2-s2.0-0029943475 10.1111/j.1365-2230.1996.tb00030.x (Pubitemid 26227941)
43. Kormeili T., Lowe N. J., Yamauchi P. S., Psoriasis: immunopathogenesis and evolving immunomodulators and systemic therapies; U.S. experiences. British Journal of Dermatology 2004 151 1 3 15 2-s2.0-4043128142 10.1111/j.1365-2133. 2004.06009.x (Pubitemid 39061275)
44. Chamian F., Lowes M. A., Lin S.-L., Lee E., Kikuchi T., Gilleaudeau P., Sullivan-Whalen M., Cardinale I., Khatcherian A., Movitskaya I., Wittkowski K. M., Krueger J. G., Alefacept reduces infiltrating T cells, activated dendritic cells, and inflammatory genes in psoriasis vulgaris. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2005 102 6 2075 2080 2-s2.0-13844316466 10.1073/pnas.0409569102 (Pubitemid 40262014)
45. Schafer P. H., Parton A., Gandhi A. K., Capone L., Adams M., Wu L., Bartlett J. B., Loveland M. A., Gilhar A., Cheung Y.-F., Baillie G., Houslay M. D., Man H.-W., Muller G. W., Stirling D. I., Apremilast, a cAMP phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor, demonstrates anti-inflammatory activity in vitro and in a model of psoriasis. British Journal of Pharmacology 2010 159 4 842 855 2-s2.0-77249116286 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00559.x
46. Claveau D., Chen S. L., O'Keefe S., Zaller D. M., Styhler A., Liu S., Huang Z., Nicholson D. W., Mancini J. A., Preferential inhibition of T helper 1, but not T helper 2, cytokines in vitro by L-826,141 [4-[2-(3,4- Bisdifluromethoxyphenyl)-2-[4-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-hydroxypropan-2-yl) -phenyl]-ethyl]3-methylpyridine-1-oxide], a potent and selective phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 2004 310 2 752 760 2-s2.0-3342988190 10.1124/jpet.103.064691 (Pubitemid 38988922)
47. Houslay M. D., Schafer P., Zhang K. Y. J., Keynote review: phosphodiesterase-4 as a therapeutic target. Drug Discovery Today 2005 10 22 1503 1519 2-s2.0-27344449614 10.1016/S1359-6446(05)03622-6 (Pubitemid 41527193)
48. Matz M., Naik M., Mashreghi M.-F., Glander P., Neumayer H.-H., Budde K., Evaluation of the novel protein kinase C inhibitor sotrastaurin as immunosuppressive therapy after renal transplantation. Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism and Toxicology 2011 7 1 103 113 2-s2.0-78650496401 10.1517/17425255.2011.540238
49. Wagner J., Von Matt P., Sedrani R., Albert R., Cooke N., Ehrhardt C., Geiser M., Rummel G., Stark W., Strauss A., Cowan-Jacob S. W., Beerli C., Weckbecker G., Evenou J.-P., Zenke G., Cottens S., Discovery of 3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-4- [ 2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)quinazolin-4-yl ] pyrrole-2,5-dione (AEB071), a potent and selective inhibitor of protein kinase C isotypes. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 2009 52 20 6193 6196 2-s2.0-70350072342 10.1021/jm901108b
50. Spitaler M., Cantrell D. A., Protein kinase C and beyond. Nature Immunology 2004 5 8 785 790 2-s2.0-4444245423 10.1038/ni1097 (Pubitemid 39172971)
51. Tan S.-L., Zhao J., Bi C., Chen X. C., Hepburn D. L., Wang J., Sedgwick J. D., Chintalacharuvu S. R., Na S., Resistance to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and impaired IL-17 production in protein kinase C θ -deficient mice. Journal of Immunology 2006 176 5 2872 2879 2-s2.0-33644512418
52. Schieven G. L., The biology of p38 kinase: a central role in inflammation. Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 2005 5 10 921 928 2-s2.0-27744496768 10.2174/1568026054985902 (Pubitemid 41582124)
53. Westra J., Doornbos-van der Meer B., de Boer P., van Leeuwen M. A., van Rijswijk M. H., Limburg P. C., Strong inhibition of TNF-alpha production and inhibition of IL-8 and COX-2 mRNA expression in monocyte-derived macrophages by RWJ 67657, a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor. Arthritis Research & Therapy 2004 6 4 R384 R392 2-s2.0-7244243748
54. Johansen C., Vinter H., Soegaard-Madsen L., Olsen L. R., Steiniche T., Iversen L., Kragballe K., Preferential inhibition of the mRNA expression of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase regulated cytokines in psoriatic skin by anti-TNF α therapy. British Journal of Dermatology 2010 163 6 1194 1204 2-s2.0-78649668321 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.10036.x
55. Borie D. C., Si M.-S., Morris R. E., Reitz B. A., Changelian P. S., JAK3 inhibition as a new concept for immune suppression. Current Opinion in Investigational Drugs 2003 4 11 1297 1303 2-s2.0-0347724220 (Pubitemid 38100574)
56. Pesu M., Candotti F., Husa M., Hofmann S. R., Notarangelo L. D., O'Shea J. J., Jak3, severe combined immunodeficiency, and a new class of immunosuppressive drugs. Immunological Reviews 2005 203 127 142 2-s2.0-13144260650 10.1111/j.0105-2896.2005.00220.x (Pubitemid 40179698)
57. Stuart P. E., Nair R. P., Ellinghaus E., Genome-wide association analysis identifies three psoriasis susceptibility loci. Nature Genetics 2010 42 11 1000 1004
58. Mendel I., Shoham A., Propheta-Meiran O., Ishai E., Halperin G., Feige E., Breitbart E., A Lecinoxoid, an oxidized phospholipid small molecule, constrains CNS autoimmune disease. Journal of Neuroimmunology 2010 226 1-2 126 135 2-s2.0-77956340243 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2010.06.011
59. Feige E., Mendel I., George J., Yacov N., Harats D., Modified phospholipids as anti-inflammatory compounds. Current Opinion in Lipidology 2010 21 6 525 529 2-s2.0-78650307076 10.1097/MOL.0b013e32833f2fcb
60. Saraceno R., Kleyn C. E., Terenghi G., Griffiths C. E. M., The role of neuropeptides in psoriasis. British Journal of Dermatology 2006 155 5 876 882 2-s2.0-33749874058 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2006.07518.x (Pubitemid 44564493)
61. Raychaudhuri S. P., Jiang W.-Y., Smoller B. R., Eugene M. F., Nerve growth factor and its receptor system in psoriasis. British Journal of Dermatology 2000 143 1 198 200 2-s2.0-0033914642 10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03617. x (Pubitemid 30485271)
62. Raychaudhuri S. P., Sanyal M., Weltman H., Kundu-Raychaudhuri S., K252a, a high-affinity nerve growth factor receptor blocker, improves psoriasis: an in vivo study using the severe combined immunodeficient mouse-human skin model. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2004 122 3 812 819 2-s2.0-1842689793 10.1111/j.0022-202X.2003.12602.x (Pubitemid 38471352)
63. Zhou Q., Mrowietz U., Rostami-Yazdi M., Oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 2009 47 7 891 905 2-s2.0-69249217652 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.06.033
64. Rocha-Pereira P., Santos-Silva A., Rebelo I., Figueiredo A., Quintanilha A., Teixeira F., The inflammatory response in mild and in severe psoriasis. British Journal of Dermatology 2004 150 5 917 928 2-s2.0-3042741188 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.05984.x (Pubitemid 38903524)
65. Ormerod A. D., Weller R., Copeland P., Benjamin N., Ralston S. H., Grabowksi P., Herriot R., Detection of nitric oxide and nitric oxide synthases in psoriasis. Archives of Dermatological Research 1998 290 1-2 3 8 2-s2.0-0031882746 10.1007/s004030050268 (Pubitemid 28127761)
66. Grimm T., Chovanová Z., Muchová J., Sumegová K., Liptáková A., Ďuračková Z., Högger P., Inhibition of NF- B activation and MMP-9 secretion by plasma of human volunteers after ingestion of maritime pine bark extract (Pycnogenol). Journal of Inflammation 2006 3, article 1 2-s2.0-33646343957 10.1186/1476-9255-3-1
67. Lizarraga D., Lozano C., Briedé J. J., Van Delft J. H., Touriño S., Centelles J. J., Torres J. L., Cascante M., The importance of polymerization and galloylation for the antiproliferative properties of procyanidin-rich natural extracts. FEBS Journal 2007 274 18 4802 4811 2-s2.0-34548459466 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2007.06010.x (Pubitemid 47353134)
68. Rihn B., Saliou C., Bottin M. C., Keith G., Packer L., From ancient remedies to modern therapeutics: pine bark uses in skin disorders revisited. Phytotherapy Research 2001 15 1 76 78 (Pubitemid 32155116)
69. Garcia-Perez M. E., Royer M., Herbette G., Desjardins Y., Pouliot R., Stevanovic T., Picea mariana bark: a new source of trans-resveratrol and other bioactive polyphenols. Food Chemistry 2012 135 3 1173 1182
70. Buerger C., Richter B., Woth K., Salgo R., Malisiewicz B., Diehl S., Hardt K., Boehncke S., Boehncke W.-H., Interleukin-1beta interferes with epidermal homeostasis through induction of insulin resistance: implications for psoriasis pathogenesis. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2012 132 9 2206 2214 2-s2.0-84859789589 10.1038/jid.2012.123
71. Wertheimer E., Trebicz M., Eldar T., Gartsbein M., Nofeh-Moses S., Tennenbaum T., Differential roles of insulin receptor and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor in differentiation of murine skin keratinocytes. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2000 115 1 24 29 2-s2.0-0033925870 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2000.00008.x (Pubitemid 30470187)
72. Goren I., Müller E., Pfeilschifter J., Frank S., Severely impaired insulin signaling in chronic wounds of diabetic ob/ob mice: a potential role of tumor necrosis factor- α American Journal of Pathology 2006 168 3 765 777 2-s2.0-33644651282 10.2353/ajpath.2006.050293 (Pubitemid 43327729)