The Influence of Female Role Models on Women's Implicit Science Cognitions

Psychology of Women Quarterly

Volumn 37, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 283-292

  Young, Danielle M ^a   Rudman, Laurie A ^a   Buettner, Helen M ^b   McLean, Meghan C ^a  

^a RUTGERS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b RUTGERS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

attitudes; implicit association test; role models; science education; sexism; stereotyped attitudes

Indexed keywords

EID: 84880817986     PISSN: 03616843     EISSN: 14716402     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0361684313482109     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Aiken L. S.,West S. G.Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; 1991:.
2. Banaji M. R.,Hardin C. D.Reporting intentional rating of the primes predicts priming effects in the affective misattribution procedure.Psychological Science. 1996;7:136-141.
3. Bar-AnanY.NosekB. A. (2012). A comparative investigation of seven implicit measures of social cognition. Unpublished manuscript, available at SSRN:http://ssrn.com/abstract=2074556.
4. Benbow C. P.,Lubinski D.,Shea D. L.,Eftekhari-Sanjani H.Sex differences in mathematical reasoning ability at age 13: Their status 20 years later.Psychological Science. 2000;11:474-480.
5. Carnes M.,Bland D.Viewpoint: A challenge to academic health centers and the National Institutes of Health to prevent unintended gender bias in the selection of clinical and translational science award leaders.Academic Medicine. 2007;82:202-206.
6. Cheryan S.,Drury B.,Vichayapai M.Enduring influence of stereotypical computer science role models on women's academic aspirations.Psychology of Women Quarterly. 2013;37:72-79.
7. Cohen J.Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum; 1988:.
8. Dasgupta N.,Asgari S.Seeing is believing: Exposure to counterstereotypic women leaders and its effect on the malleability of automatic gender stereotyping.Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 2004;40:642-658.
9. Diekman A. B.,Brown E. R.,Johnston A. M.,Clark E. K.Seeking congruity between goals and roles: A new look at why women opt out of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics careers.Psychological Science. 2010;21:1051-1057.
10. Downing R. A.,Crosby F. J.,Blake-Beard S.The perceived importance of developmental relationships on women undergraduates' pursuit of science.Psychology of Women Quarterly. 2005;29:419-426.
11. Eccles J. S.Understanding women's educational and occupational choices: Applying the Eccleset al.model of achievement-related choices.Psychology of Women Quarterly. 1994;18:585-609.
12. Eccles J. S.Understanding women's achievement choices: Looking back and looking forward.Psychology of Women Quarterly. 2010;35:510-516.
13. Else-Quest N. M.,Mineo C. C.,Higgins A.Math and science attitudes and achievement at the intersection of gender and ethnicity.Psychology of Women Quarterly. 2013;X:XX.
14. Greenwald A. G.,Banaji M. R.Implicit social cognition: Attitudes, self-esteem, and stereotypes.Psychological Review. 1995;102:4-27.
15. Greenwald A. G.,Banaji M. R.,Rudman L. A.,Farnham S. D.,Nosek B. A.,Mellott D. S.A unified theory of implicit attitudes, stereotypes, self-esteem, and self-concept.Psychological Review. 2002;109:3-25.
16. Greenwald A. G.,McGhee D. E.,Schwartz J. L. K.Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition: The implicit association test.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1998;74:1464-1480.
17. Greenwald A. G.,Nosek B. A.,Banaji M. R.Understanding and using the implicit association test: I. An improved scoring algorithm.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2003;85:197-216.
18. Greenwald A. G.,Poehlman T. A.,Uhlmann E.,Banaji M. R.Understanding and using the implicit association test: III. Meta-analysis of predictive validity.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2009;97:17-41.
19. Jacobs J. E.,Eccles J. S.The impact of mothers' gender-role stereotypic beliefs on mothers' and children's ability perceptions.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1992;63:932-944.
20. Jussim L.,Eccles J.Teacher expectations: II. Construction and reflection of student achievement.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1992;63:947-961.
21. Keifer A. K.,Sekaquaptewa D.Implicit stereotypes, gender identification, and math-related outcomes: A prospective study of female college students.Psychological Science. 2007a;18:13-18.
22. Keifer A. K.,Sekaquaptewa D.Implicit stereotypes and women's math performance: How implicit gender-math stereotypes influence women's susceptibility to stereotype threat.Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 2007b;43:825-832.
23. Marx D. M.,Roman J. S.Female role models: Protecting women's math test performance.Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 2002;28:1183-1193.
24. McIntyre R. B.,Paulson R. M.,Lord C. G.Alleviating women's mathematics stereotype through salience of group achievement.Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 2003;39:83-90.
25. Women, minorities, and persons with disabilities in science and engineering: 2007. Arlington, VA: Author; 2009:.
26. Nauta M. M.,Epperson D. L.,Kahn J. H.A multiple-groups analysis of predictors of higher level career aspirations among women in mathematics, science, and engineering majors.Journal of Counseling Psychology. 1998;45:483-496.
27. NelsonD. J.BrammerC. N. (2010). A national analysis of minorities in science and engineering faculties at research universities. Retrieved fromhttp://chem.ou.edu/~djn/diversity/faculty_Tables_FY07/FinalReport07.html.
28. Nosek B. A.,Banaji M. R.,Greenwald A. G.Harvesting implicit group attitudes and beliefs from a demonstration web site.Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice. 2002a;6:101-115.
29. Nosek B. A.,Banaji M. R.,Greenwald A. G.Math = male, me = female, therefore math ≠ me.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2002b;83:44-59.
30. Quimby J. L.The influence of role models on women's career choices.The Career Development Quarterly. 2006;54:297-306.
31. Ranganath K. A.,Smith C. T.,Nosek B. A.Distinguishing automatic and controlled components of attitudes from direct and indirect measurement methods.Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 2008;44:386-396.
32. Rios D.,Stewart A.,Winter D."Thinking she could be the next president": Why identifying with the curriculum matters.Psychology of Women Quarterly. 2010;34:328-338.
33. Roos P. A.,Gatta M. L.Gender (in)equity in the academy: Subtle mechanisms and the production of inequality.Research in Social Stratification and Mobility. 2009;27:177-200.
34. Rosser S. V.,Taylor M. Z.Why are we still worried about women in science?.Academe. 2009;95:7-10.
35. Rudman L. A.,Ashmore R. D.,Gary M. L."Unlearning" automatic biases: The malleability of implicit stereotypes and prejudice.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2001;81:856-868.
36. Rudman L. A.,Glick P.Prescriptive gender stereotypes and backlash toward agentic women.Journal of Social Issues. 2001;57:732-762.
37. Rudman L. A.,Greenwald A. G.,McGhee D. E.Implicit self-concept and evaluative implicit gender stereotypes: Self and ingroup share desirable traits.Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 2001;27:1164-1178.
38. Rudman L. A.,Kilianski S. E.Implicit and explicit attitudes toward female authority.Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 2000;26:1315-1328.
39. Settles I. H.,Cortina L. M.,Buchanan N. T.,Miner K. N.Derogation, discrimination and dis(satisfaction) with jobs in science: A gendered analysis.Psychology of Women Quarterly. 2012;:.
40. Seymour E.,Hewitt N. M.Talking about leaving: Why undergraduates leave the sciences. Boulder, CO: Westview Press; 1997:.
41. Stout J. G.,Dasgupta N.,Hunsinger M.,McManus M.STEMing the tide: Using ingroup experts to inoculate women's self-concept and professional goals in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM).Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2011;100:255-270.
42. Tidball M. E.,Smith D. G.,Tidball C. S.,Wolf-Wendel L. E.Taking women seriously: Lessons and legacies for educating the majority. Phoenix, AZ: American Council on Education and Oryx Press; 1999:.
43. Tropp L. R.,Pettigrew T. F.Differential relationships between intergroup contact and affective and cognitive dimensions of prejudice.Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 2005;31:1145-1158.
44. van Dick R.,Wagner U.,Pettigrew T. F.,Christ O.,Wolf C.,Petzel T.,.Role of perceived importance in intergroup contact.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2004;87:211-227.
45. Webb R. M.,Lubinski D.,Benbow C. P.Spatial ability: A neglected dimension in talent searches for intellectually precocious youth.Journal of Educational Psychology. 2007;99:397-420.
46. Zirkel S.Is there a place for me? Role models and academic identity among white students and students of color.Teachers College Record. 2002;104:357-376.