The diurnal variability of atmospheric nitrogen oxides (NO and NO 2) above the Antarctic Plateau driven by atmospheric stability and snow emissions

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics

Volumn 13, Issue 6, 2013, Pages 3045-3062

  Frey, M M ^a   Brough, N ^a   France, J L ^b   Anderson, P S ^a,c   Traulle, O ^d   King, M D ^b   Jones, A E ^a   Wolff, E W ^a   Savarino, J ^e  

^a BRITISH ANTARCTIC SURVEY   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^c SCOTTISH MARINE INSTITUTE   (United Kingdom)

^d CENTRE NATIONAL DE RECHERCHES MÉTÉOROLOGIQUES   (France)

^e UNIV GRENOBLE ALPES   (France)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84886657889     PISSN: 16807316     EISSN: 16807324     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5194/acp-13-3045-2013     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Anderson, P. S. and Neff, W. D.: Boundary layer physics over snow and ice, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 3563-3582, doi: 10.5194/acp-8-3563-2008, 2008.
2. Argentini, S., Viola, A., Sempreviva, A. M., and Petenko, I.: Summer boundary-layer height at the plateau site of Dome C, Antarctica, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 115, 409-422, doi: 10.1007/s10546-004-5643-6, 2005. (Pubitemid 41001452)
3. Bartels-Rausch, T., Jacobi, H.-W., Kahan, T. F., Thomas, J. L., Thomson, E. S., Abbatt, J. P. D., Ammann, M., Blackford, J. R., Bluhm, H., Boxe, C., Domine, F., Frey, M. M., Gladich, I., Guzmán, M. I., Heger, D., Huthwelker, Th., Klán, P., Kuhs, W. F., Kuo, M. H., Maus, S., Moussa, S. G., McNeill, V. F., Newberg, J. T., Pettersson, J. B. C., Roeselová, M., and Sodeau, J. R.: Relationship between snow microstructure and physical and chemical processes, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 12, 30409-30541, doi: 10.5194/acpd-12-30409-2012, 2012.
4. Bauguitte, S. J.-B., Bloss, W. J., Evans, M. J., Salmon, R. A., Anderson, P. S., Jones, A. E., Lee, J. D., Saiz-Lopez, A., Roscoe, H. K., Wolff, E. W., and Plane, J. M. C.: Summertime NOx measurements during the CHABLIS campaign: can source and sink estimates unravel observed diurnal cycles?, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 989-1002, doi: 10.5194/acp-12-989-2012, 2012.
5. Brun, E., Six, D., Picard, G., Vionnet, V., Arnaud, L., Bazile, E., Boone, A., Bouchard, A., Genthon, C., Guidard, V., Le Moigne, P., Rabier, F., and Seity, Y.: Snow/atmosphere coupled simulation at Dome C, Antarctica, J. Glaciol., 57, 721-736, doi: 10.3189/002214311797409794, 2011.
6. Chu, L. and Anastasio, C.: Quantum yields of hydroxyl radical and nitrogen dioxide from the photolysis of nitrate on ice, J. Phys. Chem. A, 107, 9594-9602, 2003.
7. Chu, L. and Anastasio, C.: Temperature and wavelength dependence of nitrite photolysis in frozen and aqueous solutions, Environ. Sci. Technol., 41, 3626-3632, doi: 10.1021/es062731q, 2007.
8. Cohen, L., Helmig, D., Neff, W. D., Grachev, A. A., and Fairall, C. W.: Boundary-layer dynamics and its influence on atmospheric chemistry at Summit, Greenland, Atmos. Environ., 41, 5044-5060, doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.06.068, 2007. (Pubitemid 47042534)
9. Crawford, J. H., Davis, D. D., Chen, G., Buhr, M., Oltmans, S., Weller, R., Mauldin, L., Eisele, F., Shetter, R., Lefer, B., Arimoto, R., and Hogan, A.: Evidence for photochemical production of ozone at the South Pole surface, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 3641-3644, 2001. (Pubitemid 32997222)
10. Davis, D. D., Chen, G., Buhr, M., Crawford, J., Lenschow, D., Lefer, B., Shetter, R., Eisele, F., Mauldin, L., and Hogan, A.: South Pole NOx chemistry: an assessment of factors controlling variability and absolute levels, Atmos. Environ., 38, 5275-5388, doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.04.039, 2004a. (Pubitemid 39178646)
11. Davis, D. D., Eisele, F., Chen, G., Crawford, J., Huey, G., Tanner, D., Slusher, D., Mauldin, L., Oncley, S., Lenschow, D., Semmer, S., Shetter, R., Lefer, B., Arimoto, R., Hogan, A., Grube, P., Lazzara, M., Bandy, A., Thornton, D., Berresheim, H., Bingemer, H., Hutterli, M., McConnell, J., Bales, R., Dibb, J., Buhr, M., Park, J., McMurry, P., Swanson, A., Meinardi, S., and Blake, D.: An overview of ISCAT 2000, Atmos. Environ., 38, 5363-5373, doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.05.037, 2004b.
12. Davis, D. D., Seelig, J., Huey, G., Crawford, J., Chen, G., Wang, Y. H., Buhr, M., Helmig, D., Neff, W., Blake, D., Arimoto, R., and Eisele, F.: A reassessment of Antarctic plateau reactive nitrogen based on ANTCI 2003 airborne and ground based measurements, Atmos. Environ., 42, 2831-2848, doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.07.039, 2008. (Pubitemid 351389360)
13. Eisele, F., Davis, D. D., Helmig, D., Oltmans, S. J., Neff, W., Huey, G., Tanner, D., Chen, G., Crawford, J., Arimoto, R., Buhr, M., Mauldin, L., Hutterli, M., Dibb, J., Blake, D., Brooks, S., Johnson, B., Roberts, J. M., Wang, Y., Tan, D., and Flocke, F.: Antarctic Tropospheric Chemistry Investigation (ANTCI) 2003 overview, Atmos. Environ., 42, 2749-2761, 2008. (Pubitemid 351389356)
14. France, J. L., King, M. D., Frey, M. M., Erbland, J., Picard, G., Preunkert, S., MacArthur, A., and Savarino, J.: Snow optical properties at Dome C (Concordia), Antarctica; implications for snow emissions and snow chemistry of reactive nitrogen, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 9787-9801, doi: 10.5194/acp-11-9787- 2011, 2011.
15. Frey, M. M., Stewart, R. W., McConnell, J. R., and Bales, R. C.: Atmospheric hydroperoxides in West Antarctica: links to stratospheric ozone and atmospheric oxidation capacity, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D23301, doi: 10.1029/2005JD006110, 2005. (Pubitemid 43141262)
16. Frey, M. M., Hutterli, M. A., Chen, G., Sjostedt, S. J., Burkhart, J. F., Friel, D. K., and Bales, R. C.: Contrasting atmospheric boundary layer chemistry of methylhydroperoxide (CH3OOH) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) above polar snow, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 3261-3276, doi: 10.5194/acp-9-3261-2009, 2009a.
17. Frey, M. M., Savarino, J., Morin, S., Erbland, J., and Martins, J. M. F.: Photolysis imprint in the nitrate stable isotope signal in snow and atmosphere of East Antarctica and implications for reactive nitrogen cycling, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 8681-8696, doi: 10.5194/acp-9-8681-2009, 2009b.
18. Genthon, C., Town, M. S., Six, D., Favier, V., Argentini, S., and Pellegrini, A.: Meteorological atmospheric boundary layer measurements and ECMWF analyses during summer at Dome C, Antarctica, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D05104, doi: 10.1029/2009JD012741, 2010.
19. Grannas, A. M., Jones, A. E., Dibb, J., Ammann, M., Anastasio, C., Beine, H. J., Bergin, M., Bottenheim, J., Boxe, C. S., Carver, G., Chen, G., Crawford, J. H., Dominé, F., Frey, M. M., Guzmán, M. I., Heard, D. E., Helmig, D., Hoffmann, M. R., Honrath, R. E., Huey, L. G., Hutterli, M., Jacobi, H. W., Klán, P., Lefer, B., McConnell, J., Plane, J., Sander, R., Savarino, J., Shepson, P. B., Simpson,W. R., Sodeau, J. R., von Glasow, R.,Weller, R.,Wolff, E. W., and Zhu, T.: An overview of snow photochemistry: evidence, mechanisms and impacts, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 4329-4373, doi: 10.5194/acp-7-4329-2007, 2007. (Pubitemid 47325999)
20. Helmig, D., Boulter, J., David, D., Birks, J. W., Cullen, N. J., Steffen, K., Johnson, B. J., and Oltmans, S. J.: Ozone and meteorological boundary-layer conditions at Summit, Greenland, during 3-21 June 2000, Atmos. Environ., 36, 2595-2608, 2002. (Pubitemid 34628354)
21. Hoegstroem, U.: Non-dimensional wind and temperature profiles in the atmospheric surface layer: a re-evaluation, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 42, 55-78, doi: 10.1007/BF00119875, 1988.
22. Honrath, R. E., Peterson, M. C., Dziobak, M. P., Dibb, J., Arsenault, M. A., and Green, S. A.: Release of NOx from sunlight irradiated midlatitude snow, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 2237-2240, 2000. (Pubitemid 32040347)
23. Jacobson, M. Z.: Fundamentals of Atmospheric Modeling, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 656 pp., 1999.
24. Jones, A. E., Wolff, E. W., Salmon, R. A., Bauguitte, S. J.-B., Roscoe, H. K., Anderson, P. S., Ames, D., Clemitshaw, K. C., Fleming, Z. L., Bloss, W. J., Heard, D. E., Lee, J. D., Read, K. A., Hamer, P., Shallcross, D. E., Jackson, A. V., Walker, S. L., Lewis, A. C., Mills, G. P., Plane, J. M. C., Saiz-Lopez, A., Sturges, W. T., and Worton, D. R.: Chemistry of the Antarctic Boundary Layer and the Interface with Snow: an overview of the CHABLIS campaign, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 3789-3803, doi: 10.5194/acp-8-3789-2008, 2008.
25. Jones, A. E., Wolff, E. W., Ames, D., Bauguitte, S. J.-B., Clemitshaw, K. C., Fleming, Z., Mills, G. P., Saiz-Lopez, A., Salmon, R. A., Sturges, W. T., and Worton, D. R.: The multi-seasonal NOy budget in coastal Antarctica and its link with surface snow and ice core nitrate: results from the CHABLIS campaign, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 9271-9285, doi: 10.5194/acp-11-9271-2011, 2011.
26. Kaimal, J. and Finnigan, J. J.: Atmospheric Boundary Layer Flows, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 289 pp., 1994.
27. Kerbrat, M., Legrand, M., Preunkert, S., Gallée, H., and Kleffmann, J.: Nitrous acid at Concordia (inland site) and Dumont d'Urville (coastal site), East Antarctica, J. Geophys. Res., 117, D08303, doi: 10.1029/2011JD017149, 2012.
28. King, J. C. and Anderson, P. S.: Heat and water vapor fluxes and scalar roughness lengths over an Antarctic ice shelf, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 69, 101-121, 1994. (Pubitemid 283290)
29. King, J. C., Argentini, S. A., and Anderson, P. S.: Contrasts between the summertime surface energy balance and boundary layer structure at Dome C and Halley stations, Antarctica, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D02105, doi: 10.1029/2005JD006130, 2006.
30. Kuhn, H., Lettau, H., and Riordan, A.: Stability-related wind spiraling in the lowest 32 meters, in: Meteorological Studies at Plateau Station, Antarctica, edited by: Businger, J., vol. 25 of Antarct. Res. Ser., AGU, Washington D.C., 93-111, 1977.
31. Lee-Taylor, J. and Madronich, S.: Calculation of actinic fluxes with a coupled atmosphere-snow radiative transfer model, J. Geophys. Res., 107, D244796, doi: 10.1029/2002JD002084, 2002. (Pubitemid 44793977)
32. Legrand, M., Preunkert, S., Jourdain, B., Gallée, H., Goutail, F., Weller, R., and Savarino, J.: Year-round record of surface ozone at coastal (Dumont d'Urville) and inland (Concordia) sites in East Antarctica, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D20306, doi: 10.1029/2008JD011667, 2009.
33. Leighton, P. A.: Photochemistry of air pollution, Academic Press, New York, 1961.
34. Lenschow, D. H.: Micrometeorological techniques for measuring biosphere-atmosphere trace gas exchange, in: Biogenic Trace Gases: Measuring Emissions from Soil and Water, edited by: Matson, P. A. and Harriss, R. C., Blackwell Science, London, 126-163, 1995.
35. Liao, W., Case, A. T., Mastromarino, J., Tan, D., and Dibb, J. E.: Observations of HONO by laser-induced fluorescence at the South Pole during ANTCI 2003, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L09810, doi: 10.1029/2005GL025470, 2006. (Pubitemid 43997569)
36. Maindonald, J. and Braun, J.: Data analysis and graphics using R - an example-based approach, Cambridge Series in Statistic and Probabilistic Mathematics, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, , 384 pp., 2003.
37. Neff, W., Helmig, D., Grachev, A., and Davis, D.: A study of boundary layer behavior associated with high NO concentrations at the South Pole using a minisodar, tethered balloons and sonic anemometer, Atmos. Environ., 42, 2762-2779, doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.01.033, 2008. (Pubitemid 351389353)
38. Oncley, S. P., Buhr, M., Lenschow, D. H., Davis, D., and Semmer, S. R.: Observations of summertime NO fluxes and boundary-layer height at the South Pole during ISCAT 2000 using scalar similarity, Atmos. Environ., 38, 5389-5398, doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.05.053, 2004. (Pubitemid 39178647)
39. Pollard, R., Rhines, P. B., and Thompson, R.: The deepening of the wind-mixed layer, Geophys. Fluid Dyn., 3, 381-404, 1973.
40. Ridley, B., Walega, J., Montzka, D., Grahek, F., Atlas, E., Flocke, F., Stroud, V., Deary, J., Gallant, A., Boudries, H., Bottenheim, J., Anlauf, K., Worthy, D., Sumner, A., Splawn, B., and Shepson, P.: Is the Arctic surface layer a source and sink of NOx in winter/spring, J. Atmos. Chem., 36, 1-22, 2000. (Pubitemid 30157556)
41. Röthlisberger, R., Hutterli, M. A., Wolff, E. W., Mulvaney, R., Fischer, H., Bigler, M., Goto-Azuma, K., Hansson, M. E., Ruth, U., Siggaard-Andersen, M. L., and Steffensen, J. P.: Nitrate in Greenland and Antarctic ice cores: a detailed description of post depositional processes, Ann. Glaciol., 35, 209-216, 2002. (Pubitemid 36386597)
42. Ryerson, T. B., Williams, E. J., and Fehsenfeld, F. C.: An efficient photolysis system for fast-response NO2 measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 26447-26461, 2000.
43. Sander, R. and Bottenheim, J.: A compilation of tropospheric measurements of gas-phase and aerosol chemistry in polar regions, Earth Sys. Sci. Data, 4, 215-282, doi: 10.5194/essd-4-215-2012, 2012.
44. Sander, S. P., Friedl, R. R., Golden, D. M., Kurylo, M. J., Moortgat, G. K., Wine, P. H., Ravishankara, A., Kolb, C. E., Molina, M., Finlayson-Pitts, B. J., Huie, R. E., and Orkin, V. L.: Chemical Kinetics and Photochemical Data for Use in Atmospheric Studies, Tech. Rep. Eval. No. 15, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California, USA, 2006.
45. Sjostedt, S. J., Huey, L. G., Tanner, D. J., Peischl, J., Chen, G., Dibb, J. E., Lefer, B., Hutterli, M. A., Beyersdorf, A. J., Blake, N. J., Blake, D. R., Sueper, D., Ryerson, T., Burkhart, J., and Stohl, A.: Observations of hydroxyl and the sum of peroxy radicals at Summit, Greenland during summer 2003, Atmos. Environ., 41, 5122-5137, 2007. (Pubitemid 47044913)
46. Slusher, D. L., Neff, W. D., Kim, S., Huey, L. G., Wang, Y., Zeng, T., Tanner, D. J., Blake, D. R., Beyersdorf, A., Lefer, B. L., Crawford, J. H., Eisele, F. L., Mauldin, R. L., Kosciuch, E., Buhr, M. P., Wallace, H. W., and Davis, D. D.: Atmospheric chemistry results from the ANTCI 2005 Antarctic plateau airborne study, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D07304, doi: 10.1029/ 2009JD012605, 2010.
47. Stull, R. B.: An Introduction to Boundary Layer Meteorology, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordbrecht, the Netherlands, 670 pp., 1988.
48. Thomas, J. L., Stutz, J., Lefer, B., Huey, L. G., Toyota, K., Dibb, J. E., and von Glasow, R.: Modeling chemistry in and above snow at Summit, Greenland - Part 1: Model description and results, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 4899-4914, doi: 10.5194/acp-11-4899-2011, 2011.
49. Van Dijk, A., Moen, A., and De Bruin, H.: The principles of surface flux physics: theory, practice and description of the ECPACK library, Internal Report 2004/1, Meteorology and Air Quality Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands, 2006.
50. Zhu, C. Z., Xiang, B., Chu, L. T., and Zhu, L.: 308 nm photolysis of nitric acid in the gas phase, on aluminum surfaces, and on ice films, J. Phys. Chem. A, 114, 2561-2568, doi: 10.1021/jp909867a, 2010.
51. Zilitinkevitch, S., Baklanov, A., Rost, J., Smedman, A., Lykosov, V., and Calanca, P.: Calculation of the height of the stable boundary layer in practical applications, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 105, 389-409, 2002. (Pubitemid 35259349)