Advances, problems and prospects of modern geodesy applied in Tibetan geodynamic changes

Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition)

Volumn 87, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 318-332

  Sun, Wenke ^a   Zhou, Xin ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES   (China)

Author keywords

Geodynamics; GPS; Gravity; Gravity satellite; Modern geodesy; Tibetan plateau

Indexed keywords

DATA SET; GEODESY; GEODETIC DATUM; GEODYNAMICS; GPS; GRACE; HYPOTHESIS TESTING; SATELLITE MISSION; SPATIAL RESOLUTION; SUBDUCTION; SUBSIDENCE; UPLIFT;

CHINA; XIZANG;

EID: 84880258776     PISSN: 10009515     EISSN: 17556724     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/1755-6724.12053     Document Type: Article

References (92)

1. Adcr, T., Avouac, J., Jing, L., Héldne, L., Bollinger, L., Galctzka, J., Gcmieh, J., Thomas, M., Chanard, K., NathSapkota, S., Rajaure, S., Shrestha, P., Ding, L., and Flouzat, M., 2012. Convergence rate across the Nepal Himalaya and interseismic coupling on the Main Himalayan Thmst: Tmplications for seismic hazard. J Geophys. Res., 117, B04403, doi: 10.1029l2011 JB009071.
2. "Altyn Active Fault Zone" Team, 1993. Altyo active fault zone. Beijing: Earthquake press.
3. Armijo, R., Tapponnier, P., and Han, T., 1989. Late Cenozoic Right-Lateral Strike-Slip Faulting in Southern Tibet, I Geophvs. Rex., 94(B3): 2787-2838, doi: 10.1029l JB094iB03p02787.
4. Avouac, J.P., and Tapponnier, P., 1993. Kinematic model of active deformation in central Asia. Geophvv. Res. Tell., 20: 895-898.
5. Bendick, R., Bilham, R., Freymuller, J., Larson K., and Yin, G., 2000. Geodetic evidence for a low slip rate in the Altvn Tagh fault system. Nature, 404: 69-72.
6. Bilharm, R., Larson, K., and Freymueller, J., 1997. GPS measurements of present da) convergence rates in the Nepal Himalaya. lVatore. 336: 61-64.
7. Cao, J.L., Shi, Y.L., Zhang, H., and Wang, H., 2009. Numerical simulation of GPS observed clockwise rotation around the eastern Himalayan syntax in the Tibetan Plateau. Chinese Science Botletio, 54(2): 224-234 (in Chinese).
8. Chambers, D.P., Wabr, J., and Nerem, R.S., 2004. Preliminary observations of global ocean mass variations with GRACE. Geophys. Res. LetI., 31, L 133, doi: 10. 1029l2004GL02046 I.
9. Chen, J.L., RodeO, M., Wilson, CR., and Eamiglieui, J.S., 2005. Low degree spherical harmonic influences on Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) water storage estimates, Geophys. Rev. Left, 32, LI 4405, doi:l0.1 029l2005GL022964.
10. Chen, J.L., Wilson, C.R.D., Tapley, B., and Famiglietti, J.S., 2005. Seasonal global mean sea level change from altimeter, GRACE, and geophysical models. J. Geod., 79(9): 532-539, doi: 10.1 007lsOO 190-005-0005-9.
11. Chen, W.P., and Yang, Z., 2004. Earthquakes beneath the Himalayas and Tibet: Evidence for strong lithospherie mantle. Science, 304: 1949-1952, doi: 10.1126 science.1097324.
12. Dc Linage, C., Rivera, L., Hinderer, J., Boy, J.P., Rogister, Y., Lambotte, S., Bianeale, R., 2009. Separation of eoseismie and postseismie gravity changes for the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake from 4.6 a of GRACE observations and modelling of the eoseismie change by normal-modes summation. Geophys. 1 Jnt., 176 (3): 695-714.
13. Ding. Z., He, Z., and Wu, J., 2001. Research on the 3-D seismic velocity structures in Qinhai-Xizang Plateau. Earth quake Research in China, 17(2): 202-209 (in Chinese).
14. England, P., and Houseman, G.A., 1986. Finite strain calculations of continental deformation 2, Comparison with the India-Asia collision. I Geophys Rex., 91: 3 664-3 667.
15. Eu, R.S., Li, L.G., Huang, J.H., and Xu, Y.M., 1999. Three-step model of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau uplift. Chinese I Geophys., 42(5): 609-6 16 (in Chinese).
16. Eu, R.S., Xu,Y.M., Huang, J.H., and Li, L.G., 2000. Nmnerieal simulation of the compression uplift of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. Chinese I. Geuphys., 43(3): 346-355 (in Chinese).
17. Gan, W., Zhang, P., and Shen, Z.K., 2007. Present-day crustal motion within the Tibetan Plateau inferred from GPS measurements. J. Geophi'v. Rex., 112, 808416, doi:lO.l 029l2005JB0041 20.
18. Gu, G.H., Shen, X.H., and Wang, M., 2001. General characteristics of the recent horizontal erostal movement in Chinese mainland. Ada Seisniulogicu Sinica, 23(4): 362-369 (in Chinese).
19. Gu, G.H., 2005. Vertical erustal movement obtained from GPS observation in Chinese mainland. Earthquake, 25(3): 1-8 (in Chinese).
20. Han, S.C., Shum, C.K., Bevis, M., Ji, C., and Kuo, C., 2006. Crustal dilatation observed b3 GRACE after the 2004 Sutnatra-Andaman Earthquake. Science, 313: 658-662.
21. Herring, T.A., 1993. Global Positioning System studies of active tectonics, EOS, Trans. American Geophysical Union (suppl.), 4: 59.
22. Holt, WE, Chamot-Rooke, N., Le Piehon, X., Names, A.J., ShenTu, B., and Ren, J., 2000. Velocity field in Asia inferred from Quaternary fault slip rates and Global Positioning System observations. I Geophys. Rex., 105: 19185-1 9209.
23. Hwang, C., Peng, M.F., Ning, J., Loo, J., and Sui, C.H., 2005, Lake level variations in China from TOPEXlPoseidon altimetry: data quality assessment and links to precipitation and ENSO. Geophys. 1 ml., 161: 1-11, doi: tO.llllij.t365-246X.2005.025 1 8.x.
24. Jackson, M., and Bilham, R., 1994a. 1991-1992 GPS measurements across the Nepal Himalaya, Geophys. Rev. Lett,21(12): 1l69-1l72,doi:10.1029l94GL00917.
25. Jackson, M., and Bilham, R., 1994b. Constraints on Himalayan deformation inferred from vertical velocity fields in Nepal and Tibet. I Geophys. Rex., 99(B7), 13: 897-912, doi: 10.1 029l94JB007 14.
26. Jin, Y., MeNutt, M.K., and Zhu, Y., 1994. Evidence from gravity and topography data for folding of Tibet. Nature, 371: 669-674.
27. Jin, Y., McNutt, M.K., and Zhu, Y.S., 1996. Mapping the descent of Indian and Eurasian plates beneath the Tibetan Plateau from gravity anomalies. I. Ceophys. Rex., 101: 11275-11290.
28. Jinienez-Munt, I., Fernandez, M., Verges, J., and Platt, J.P., 2008. Lithosphere structure underneath the Tibetan plateau inferred from elevation, gravity and geoid anomalies. Earth Planet. Sci. Lelt., 267(1-2): 276-289, doi:1O.1016 j.epsl.2007.l I.045.
29. Jiang, Z.S., Ma, Z.J., Zhang, X., Chen B., Hu Y., Wang S., and Chen, W., 2001. Analysis of recent horizontal cmstal strain field and tectonic deformation in the northeast margin of Qinghai-Tibet block. Seismology and Geology, 23(3): 337-34 (in Chinese).
30. Kaufmann, G., 2005. Geodetic signatures of a Eate Pleistocene Tibetan ice sheet. J. Geodrn., 39: 111-125, doi: 10.1016l jjog.2004.08.005.
31. Kuhie, M., 1990. New data on the Pleistocene glacial coy-er of the southern border of Tibet: The glaciation of the Kangchendzonga Massif (8585 m, F-Himalaya). GeoJoornal, 20: 415-421, doi: 10.1007lBF00174983.
32. Lal, D., Harris, N.B.W., Shanna, K.K., Go, Z., Ding, E., Liu, T., Dong, W., Caffee, MW., and lull, AlT., 2004. Erosion history of the Tibetan Plateau since the last interglacial: Constraints from the first stud-ies of cosmogenic lOBe from Tibetan bedrock. Earth Planet Sci. felt., 217: 33-42, doi: 10.1016lSOOl 2-821 X(03)00600-9.
33. Li, W., Zhou, J., Xiong, S., Guo, Z., Lu, W., Xu, J., and Liu, Y., 2012. Effect and prospect of basic geological survey based on airborne gravimetry in China. Ado Geologico Sinico (English Edition), 86(1): 38-47.
34. Liu J., Xu, C., Sun, C., Shi, C., hang, W., and Doug, L, 2001. Using repeated precise GPS campaigns for research of present-day erustal movement and strain in the QinghaiTibetan Plateau. Clrinece Science Balletin, 48(8): 694-698.
35. Liu, M., and Yang, Y.Q., 2003. Extensional collapse of the Tibetan Plateau: Results of three-dimensional finite element modeling. J Geophvs. Res., l08(B8), 2361, doi: 10.1 029l2002JB002248.
36. Lu, Q., hang, M., Xu, Z., and Ma, K., 1998. Tomographical evidence for Indian Plate underthrusting only Tethyan Himalaya. Chinese Science Bulletin, 43(12): 1308-1311 (in Chinese).
37. Ma, Z.J., Chen, X.L., Ye, SR., Lai, X., and Wei, Z., 2001. Present-day China continent emstal movement from GPS. Chinese Science Balletio, 46(13): 1118-1120 (in Chinese).
38. Matsuo, K,, and Heki, K., 2010. Time-variable ice loss in Asian high mountains from satellite gravimetry. Earth Plane Sc Lelt, 290: 30-36.
39. Métivier, F., Gaudemer, Y., Tapponnier, P., and Klein, M., 1999. Mass accumulation rates in Asia during the Ce-nozoic. Geophvs. J Jot., 137: 280-318, doi: 10.1046j.1365-246X.1 999.00802.x.
40. Molnar, P., 1988. Continental tectonics in the aftermath of plate tectonics. Vatore, 335: 131-137.
41. Molnar, P., and Tapponnier, P., 1975. Cenozoic tectonics of Asia: Effects of a continental collision. Science, 189: 419-426.
42. Niu, Z.J., Wang, M., Sun, HR., and Jianzhong, S., 2005. A newest observed result of present-day crnstal movement velocity field in China mainland. Chinese Science Bulletin, 50 (8): 839-840 (in Chinese).
43. Okada, Y., 1985. "Surface deformation due to shear and tensile faults in a half-space." Bulletin of the Sei.onologicol Society of America, 75(4): 1135-Il 54.
44. Owens, TI., and Zandt, G., 1997. Implications of crustal propert) variadons for models of Tibetan plateau evolution. Notore, 387: 37-43 (01 May 1997); doi:l0.1038 387037a0.
45. Peltzer, G., Tapponnier, P., and Annijo, R., 1989. Magnitude of late Quaternary left-lateral displacements along the northern edge of Tibet. Science, 246: 1283-1289.
46. Peltzer, G., and Tapponnier, P., 1988. Formation and evolution of strike-slip faults, rifts, and basins during the India-Asia Collision: an experimental approach. J. Geophys. Res., 93 (B12), 15,085-15.117. doi:10.1029lJB093iB12p15085.
47. Qian, H., Jiaiig, M., Chen, W., John, N., and Zhao, D., 2007. Tomography of Gyirong-Lugu profile (Hi-Climb) and the subduction of Indian-Tibet collision. Chinese J Geophys., 50 (5): 1427-143 (in Chinese).
48. Qiu, J., 2008. China: The third pole. Nature, 454: 393-396, doi:l O.1 038l454393a.
49. Rodell, M., Velicogna, I., and Famiglietti, IS., 2009. "Satellite-based estimates of groundwater depletion in India." Nature, 460(7258): 999-1002.
50. Rowley, DR., and Carrie, B.S., 2006. Palaeo-Altimetry of the late Eocene to Miocene Eunpola basin, central Tibet. Nature, 439 9, doi:l0.103X natureo4soh.
51. Schulte-Pelkum, V., Monsalve, Sheehan, GA., Pandey, MR., Sapkota, S., Bilbam, R., and Wu, F., 2005. Imaging the Indian subcontinent beneath the Himalaya. Flatore, 435: 1222-1225.
52. Shen, Z.K., Zhao,C., Yin, A., Li, Y., Jackson, D.D., and Fang, P., 2000. Contemporary erustal deformation in east Asia constrained by Global Positioning System measurements. J Geophys. Res., 105(B3), 5721-5734.
53. Shen, C.Y., Wang, Q., Wu, Y., You, X.Z., Gan, J.S., and Yang, SM., 2002. GPS inversion of kinematic model of the main boundaries of the rhombus block in Sinchuan and Yunnan, Chinesed. Geophvs., 45(3): 352-361 (in Chinese).
54. Shi, YE., and Cao, J.L., 2008. Effeetixe viscosity of China continental lithosphere. Earth Science Frontiers, 15(3): 82-95 (in Chinese).
55. Sun, W., Hasegawa, T., Zhang, XE., Fukuda, Y., Shum, C.K., and Wang, L., 2011. Effects of Gaussian filter in processing GRACE data: Gravity rate of change at Lhasa, southern Tibet. Science China Earth Science, 41(9): 1327-1333 (in Chinese).
56. Sun, W., Wang, Q., Li, H., Wang, Y., and Okubo, S., 2010. A reinvestigation of cmstal thickness in the Tibetan Plateau using absolute gravity, GPS, and GRACE data. Terr. Ttnos. Ocean. Sci., 22: 2, doi: 10.33 19lTAO.2010.06.07.01(TibXS).
57. Sun, W., Wang, Q., Ei, H., Wang, Y., Wang, Y., Okubo, S., Shao, D., Eiu, D., and Fu, G., 2009. Gravity and GPS measurements reveal mass loss beneath the Tibetan Plateau: Geodet-ic evidence of increasing crustal thickness. Gcophys.Res. Lctt., 36, L02303, doi: 10.1029 2008GL036512.
58. Tapley, RD., Bettadpur, S., Pies, J., and Thompson, P.F., 2004. GRACE measurements of mass variability in the Earth system. Science, 305(5683): 503-505.
59. Tapponnier, P., Xu, Z., Roger, F., Meker, B., and Arnaud, N., 2001. Oblique stepwise rise and growth of the Tibet Plateau. Science, 294, 1671-1677, doi: l0.1126lscience.105978.
60. Tapponnier, P., Peltzer, G., Led, A.Y., and Armijo, R., 1982. Propagating extrusion tectonics in 4sia: new insights from simple experiments with plasticine. Geology, 10: 61 1-616.
61. Tilmann F., Ni, Z., and INDEPTH III Seisnuc Team, 2003. Seisniic imaging of the downwelling Indian lithosphere beneath central Tibet. Science, 300: 1424-1 427.
62. Tiwari, V.W., Wahr, I., and Swenson, S., 2009. Dwindling groundwater resources in northern India, from satellite gravity observations. Geophy. Res. felt., 36, L18401, doi: 10.1 029l2009GL03940 I.
63. Velicogna, I., and Wahr, J., 2006. Measurements of time-variable gravity show mass loss in Antarctica. Science, 331, 1754, DOl: 10.1126lscicncc.1123785.
64. Wu, J., Ming, Y., and Ye, T., 1998. Upper mantle velocity structure in the Qinhai-Xizang Plateau from inversion of body waveforms. Chinese J Geophys. 41(supp): 15-25 (in Chinese).
65. Wang, H., 2001. Effects of glacial isostatic adjustment since the late Pleistocene on the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau. Geophys. J. Int, 144: 448-458, doi: 10.1046lj.1365-246x.2001.00340.x.
66. Wang, H.S., Jia, L.L., Wu, P., and Hu, B., 2010. Effects of global glacial isostatic adjustment on the secular changes of gravity and sea level in East Asia. Chinese J. Geophys., 53 (11): 2590-2602 (in Chinese).
67. Wang, Q., Zhang, P.Z., Freymueller, J.T., Bilbam, R., Larson, K.M., Lai, X., You, X., Niu, Z., Wu, J., Li, Y., Liu, J., Yang, Z., and Chen, Q., 2001. Present-day crustal deformation in China constrained by Global Position-ing System measurements. Science, 294: 574-577, doi: 10.1126 science.l 063647.
68. Wang, X.Y., Zhu, W.Y., Eu, Y., You, X., Wang, Q., Cheng Z., and Ren, J., 2002. Present-Time erustal deformation in China and its sorroonding regions by GPS. Chinese J Geophys., 45 (2): 198-209 (in Chinese).
69. Wang, Y., Zhang, W.M., Zhan, 1G., Hao, X., Wang, H., and Xu, H., 2004. Gravity change detected by repeated absolute gravity measurements in the western Yunnan and Lhasa. ChineseJ. Geophvs., 47(1): 95-1 00 (in Chinese).
70. Wang, Y., and Hsu, HZ., 2003. A smdy on convergence rate of the India plate to Eurasia sobduction beneath Qinghai-Xizang Plateau-inversion resolts from GPS observational data. Chinesej Geophys., 46(2): 185-190 (in Chinese).
71. Wang, Z., Fukao, Y., and Pci, S., 2009. Structural control of rupturing of the Mw7.9 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, China. Earth Planet Sci. Lelt, 279: 131-138, doi:l0.l016 j.epsl.2008.1 2.038.
72. Wang, Y.Z., Wang, EN., Shen, Z.K., Wang, M., and Gun, WI., 2008. GPS constrained inversion of present-day slip rates along major faults of the Sichuan-Yunnan region. Science in China (Series D), 38(5): 582-597 (in Chinese).
73. Wiftlinger, G., Tapponnier P., and Pooplinet, G., 1998. Tomographic evidence for localized lithospheric shear along the Altyn Tagh fault. Science, 282: 74-76.
74. Wu, Y.Q., Jiang, Z., Yang, G., and Wei, W., 2011. Comparison of GPS strain rate computing methods and their reliability. Geophvn I Jot., 185: 703-717. doi: lO.llllj.l365-246X.201 I04976.x.
75. Xo, G., and Kamp, P., 2000. Tectonics and denudation adjacent to the Xianshuihe Fault, eastern Tibetan Plateau-Constraints from fission track thermochronology. I Geophy. lIes., 105 (19): 23 1-251.
76. Xu, Y., Li, Z., Huang, R., and Xu, Y., 2010. Seismic structure of the Longmen Shan region from S-wave tomography and its relationship with the Wenchuan Ms 8.0 earthquake on 12 May 2008, southwestern China. Geophys. Res. Lou., 37, L02304, doi: 10.1 029l2009GL04 1835.
77. Xue, G.Q., Su, H.P., Qian, H., 2006. Seismic tomographic constraint on the northward subduction of the Tndian Plate. Ada Geologica Sinica, 80(8): 1156-1160 (in Chinese).
78. Zhang, D.N., Yuan, S.Y., and Shen, Z.K., 2007. Numerical simulation of the recent crust movement and the fault activities in Tibetan Plateau. Chinese I Geophysics, 50W: 153-162 (in Chinese).
79. Zhang, P., Shen, Z., Wang, M., and Gan, W., 2004. Continuous deformation of the Tibetan Plateau from Global Positioning System data. Geology. 32: 809-812.
80. Zhang, W.M., Wang, Y.H., Hsu, Z., zhang, C., Hao, X., and Liu, M., 2000. Test of the uplift of Tibetan Plateau by FG5 absolute gravimeter at Lhasa station. Chinese Science Bolleuin, 45(20): 2213-2216 (in Chinese).
81. Zhang, XL., hang, Z.S., and Wang, S.X., 2003. The present motion and deformation features with spatial-Time of the northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Block and its adjacent area. Eanthqoalce Research in China, 19(4): 377-385 (in Chinese).
82. Zhang, X., Jiang, Z.S., Wang, Q., Wang, S., and Zhang, X., 2003. Aseismic negative dislocation model and deformation analysis of 1999 to 2001 crustal horizontal movement in the northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibct block. Ada Seisniolngica Sinica, 25(4): 374-381 (in Chinese).
83. Zhang, Y.L., Li, B.Y., and Zhcng, D., 2002. A discussion on the boundary and area of the Tibetan Plateau in China. Geographical Research, 2 1(1): 1-8 (in Chinese).
84. Zhao, W.J., Xue, G.Q., and Wu, Z.H., 2004. Fine velocity structure of the upper mantle beneath the Xizang plateau from tomography and its geological interpretations. Chinese I Geophysics, 47(3): 449-458 (in Chinese).
85. Zhao, W., Nelson, K.D., and Project INDEPTH Team (1993). Deep seismic reflection evidence for continental underthrusting beneath southern Tibet. Vatore, 336: 557.
86. Zheng, H.W., Li, T.D., Gao, R., Zhao, D., and He, R., 2007. Tclescismic P-wave tomography evidence for the Indian lithospheric mantle subducting northward beneath the Qiangtang terrane. Chbiese J. Geophysics, 50(5): 1418-142 (in Chinese).
87. Zheng, Y., Chen, Y., and Fu, R.S., 2007. Simulation of the effects of faults movement on stress and deformation fields of Tibetan Plateau by discontinuous movement models. Chinese I Geophysics, 50(5): 1398-1 408 (in Chinese).
88. Zhou, H., Murphy, A.M., and Lin, Q., 2002. Tomographie imaging of the Tibet and surrounding region: evidence for wholesale undcrthrusting of Indian Slab beneath the Tibetan Plateau. Earth Science Erontiers, 9(4): 285-292 (in Chinese).
89. Zhou, H., and Murphy, M.A., 2005. Tomographic evidence for wholesale undcrthrusting of India beneath the entire Tibetan plateau. I. Asian Earth Sci., 25: 445-45 7.
90. Zhon, X., Sun, W., and Fu, G., 2011. Gravity satellite GRACE detects coscismic gravity changes caused by 2010 Chile Mw8.8 earthquake. Chinese 1 Geophysics, 54 (7): 1745-1749, DOT: 1 O.3969lj.issn.000 1-5733.2011.07.007 (in Chinese).
91. Zhu, SB. and Shi, Y.L., 2005. Genetic algorithm-finite clement inversion of topographic spreading forces and drag forces of lower crust to upper crust in Tibetan Plateau. Ada Scicentiarum Vatoraloni Universitis Pekincsis, 41(2): 225-234 (in Chinese).
92. Zho, W., Wang, X., Cheng, Z., Xiong, Y., Zhang, Q., Ye, S., Ma, Z., Chen, I., Xu, H., Wci, Z., Lai, X., Liu, J., Jin, B., Rcn, I., and Wang, Q., 2000. Crostal motion of Chinese mainland monitored by GPS. Science in China (Series D), 43 (10): 394-400.