Implications of crustal property variations for models of Tibetan plateau evolution

Nature

Volumn 387, Issue 6628, 1997, Pages 37-43

  Owens, Thomas J ^a   Zandt, George ^b,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA   (United States)

^c LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATIONAL LABORATORY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CHINA; GEOLOGY; HIGH TEMPERATURE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REMOTE SENSING; SHEAR STRESS;

CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; PARTIAL MELTING; SEISMIC SURVEY; TOPOGRAPHY;

CHINA, TIBETAN PLATEAU;

EID: 0030619491     PISSN: 00280836     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/387037a0     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Fielding E., Isacks, B., Barazangi, M. & Duncan, C. How flat is Tibet? Geology 22, 163-167 (1994).
2. Brandon, C. & Romanowicz, B. A "no-lid" zone in the central Chang-Thang Platform of Tibet: Evidence from pure path velocity measurements of long period Rayleigh waves. J. Geophys. Res. 91, 6547-6564 (1986).
3. Molnar, P. A review of geophysical constraints on the deep structure of the Tibetan Plateau, the Himalaya, and the Karakoram, and their tectonic implications. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A 326, 33-88 (1988).
4. Owens, T. J., Randall, G. E., Wu, F. T. & Zeng, R. PASSCAL instrument performance during the Tibetan Plateau passive seismic experiment. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 83, 1959-1970 (1993).
5. Zhao, W. et al. Deep seismic reflection evidence for continental underthrusting beneath southern Tibet. Nature 366, 557-559 (1993).
6. Nelson, D. et al. Partially molten middle crust beneath southern Tibet: Synthesis of Project INDEPTH results. Science 274, 1684-1687 (1996).
7. Hirn, A. et al. Seismic anisotropy as an indicator of mantle flow beneath the Himalayas and Tibet. Nature 375, 571-574 (1995).
8. Wittlinger, G. et al. Seismic tomography of northern Tibet and Kunlun: Evidence for crustal blocks and mantle velocity contrasts. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 139, 263-279 (1996).
9. McNamara, D. E., Owens, T. J., Silver, P. G. & Wu, F. T. Shear wave anisotropy beneath the Tibetan Plateau. J. Geophys. Res. 99, 13655-13665 (1994).
10. McNamara, D. E., Owens, T. J. & Walter, W. R. Observations of regional phase propagation across the Tibetan Plateau. J. Geophys. Res. 100, 22215-22229 (1995).
11. Ni, J. & Barazangi, M. High-frequency seismic wave propagation beneath the Indian shield, Himalayan arc, Tibetan Plateau and surrounding regions: High uppermost velocities and efficient propagation beneath Tibet. Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc. 72, 665-689 (1983).
12. Jordan, T. J. & Frazer, L. N. Crustal and upper mantle structure from Sp phases. J. Geophys. Res. 80, 1504-1518 (1975).
13. Zandt, G. & Randall, G. E. Observations of shear-coupled P-waves. Geophys. Res. Lett. 12, 565-568 (1985).
14. Baag, C. E. & Langston, C. A. Diffracted Sp generated under the Australian Shield. Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc. 80, 363-386 (1985).
15. Langston, C. A. The SsPmp phase in regional wave propagation. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 86, 133-143 (1996).
16. Bath, M. & Stefansson, R. S-P conversion at the base of the crust. Ann. Geofis. 19, 119-130 (1966).
17. Randall, G. E. Efficient calculation of complete differential seismograms for laterally homogeneous earth models. Geophys. J. Int. 118, 245-254 (1994).
18. Zandt, G. & Ammon, C. J. Continental crust composition constrained by measurements of crustal Poisson's ratio. Nature 374, 152-154 (1995).
19. Zhao, L.-S., Sen, M. K., Soffa, P. & Frohlich, C. Application of very fast simulated annealing ot the determination of the crustal structure beneath Tibet. Geophys. J. Int. 125, 355-370 (1996).
20. Zhu, L., Zeng, R., Wu, F., Owens, T. & Randall, G. Preliminary study of crust-upper mantle structure of the Tibetan Plateau by using broadband teleseismic body waveforms. Acta Seismol. Sinica 6, 305-316 (1993).
21. Zhu, L., Owens, T. J. & Randall, G. E. Lateral variation in crustal structure of the northern Tibetan Plateau inferred from teleseismic receiver functions. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 85, 1531-1540 (1995).
22. Vandecar, J. & McNamara, D. E. 3-D upper-mantle velocity structure beneath the Tibetan Plateau (abstr.). Eos 77, F694 (1996).
23. Rodgers, A. J. & Schwartz, S. Y. Low crustal velocities and mantle lithospheric variations in southern Tibet from regional Pnl waveforms. Geophys. Res. Lett. 24, 9-12 (1997).
24. Christiansen, N. Poisson's ratio and crustal seismology. J. Geophys. Res. 102, 3139-3156 (1996).
25. Beghoul, N., Barazangi, M. & Isacks, B. Lithospheric structure of Tibet and western North America: Mechanisms of uplift and a comparative study. J. Geophys. Res. 98, 1997-2016 (1993).
26. Holt, W. E. & Wallace, T. C. Crustal thickness and upper mantle velocities in the Tibetan Plateau region from the inversion of regional Pnl waveforms: Evidence for a thick upper mantle lid beneath southern Tibet. J. Geophys. Res. 95, 12499-12525 (1990).
27. Jin, Y., McNutt, M. K. & Zhu, Y. Mapping the descent of Indian and Eurasian plates beneath the Tibetan Plateau from gravity anomalies. J. Geophys. Res. 101, 11275-11290 (1996).
28. Butler, R. W. H. Thrust tectonics, deep structure, and crustal subduction in the Alps and Himalayas. J. Geol. Soc. Lond. 143, 857-873 (1986).
29. Makovsley, Y. et al. Structural elements of the southern Tethyan Himalaya crust from wide-angle seismic data. Tectonics 15, 997-1005 (1996).
30. Yin, A., Murphy, M. A. & Harrison, T. M. Significant crustal shortening in the Lhasa block (southern Tibet) predates Indo-Asian collision. Geol. Soc. Am. Abstr. Progm. 27, A-335 (1995).
31. Zhao, W.-L. & Morgan, W. J. Injection of Indian crust into Tibetan lower crust: A two-dimensional finite element model study. Tectonics 6, 489-504 (1987).
32. Herquel, G., Wittlinger, G. & Guilbert, J. Anisotropy and crustal thickness of Northern-Tibet. New constraints for tectonic modeling. Geophys. Res. Lett. 22, 1925-1928 (1995).
33. Brown, L. D. et al. Bright spots, structure and magmatism in southern Tibet from INDEPTH seismic reflection profiling. Science 274, 1688-1690 (1996).
34. Makovsky, Y. et al. INDEPTH Wide-angle reflection observation of P-wave to S-wave conversion from crustal bright spots in Tibet. Science 274, 1690-1691 (1996).
35. Kind, R. et al. Evidence from earthquake data for a partially molten crustal layer in southern Tibet. Science 274, 1692-1694 (1996).
36. Chen, L. et al. Electrically conductive crust in southern Tibet from INDEPTH magnetotelluric surveying. Science 274, 1694-1696 (1996).
37. Francheteau, J. et al. High heat flow in southern Tibet. Nature 307, 32-36 (1984).
38. Jin, Y., McNutt, M. K. & Zhu, Y. Evidence from gravity and topography for folding of Tibet. Nature 371, 669-674 (1994).
39. England, P. C. & Thompson, A. in Collision Tectonics (eds Coward, M. P. & Ries, A.C.) 83-94 (Spec. Publ. 19, Geol. Soc. Lond., 1986).
40. McNamara, D. E., Walter, W. R., Owens, T. J. & Ammon, C. J. Upper mantle velocity structure beneath the Tibetan Plateau from Pn travel time tomography. J. Geophys. Res. 102, 493-505 (1997).
41. Turner, S. et al. Timing of the Tibetan uplift constrained by analysis of volcanic rocks. Nature 364, 50-54 (1993).
42. Zhang, S. & Karato, S. Lattice preferred orientation of olivene aggregates deformed in simple shear. Nature 375, 774-777 (1995).
43. Bird, P. Lateral extrusion of lower crust from under high topography, in the isostatic limit. J. Geophys. Res. 96, 10275-10286 (1991).
44. Tapponier, P., Peltzer, G. & Armjo, R. in Collision Tectonics (eds Coward, M. P. & Ries, A.C.) 115-157 (Spec. Publ. 19, Geol. Soc. Lond., 1986).
45. Leeder, M. R., Smith, A. B. & Yin, J. Sedimentology, paleoecology and paleoenvironmental evolution fo the 1985 Lhasa to Golmud Geotraverse. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A 327, 107-143 (1988).
46. Harrison, T. M., Copeland, P., Kidd, W. S. F. & Yin, A. Raising Tibet. Science 255, 1663-1670 (1992).
47. Molnar, P. & Lyon-Caen, H. Some Simple Physical Aspect of Mountain Building 179-207 (Spec. Pap. 218, Geol. Soc. Am., Boulder, CO, 1988).
48. Yin, A. et al. Tertiary structural evolution of the Gangdese thrust system in southeastern Tibet. J. Geophys. Res. 99, 18175-18201 (1994).