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note
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GRACE is a dedicated satellite mission whose objective is to map the global gravity field every 30 days for 5 years with unprecedented accuracy and with a spatial resolution of 400 km. Jointly implemented by NASA and DLR (Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt) under the NASA Earth System Science Pathfinder Program in 1997, GRACE was launched on 17 March 2002 from Plesetsk, Russia, onboard a Rockot launch vehicle. The GRACE mission consists of two identical satellites in near-circular orbits at -500 km attitude, separated from each other by -220 km along-track and linked by a highly accurate intersatellite K-band microwave ranging system. Each satellite carries Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers and attitude sensors and high-precision accelerometers to measure the surface forces. Through the dynamical evolution of the orbits, the intersatellite distance change (which is extracted from phase measurements of the K-band signal transmitted between the two satellites) contains implicitly the influence of the globally integrated mass distribution and its movements within the Earth system.
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19
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T. Gruber, T. Peters, in IERS Technical Note No. 30, B. Richter, W. Schwegmann, W. Dick, Eds. (Verlag des Bundesamts für Kartographie und Geodäsie, Frankfurt, 2003), pp. 157-160 (www.iers.org/iers/publications/tn/ tn30).
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IERS Technical Note No. 30
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Data processing standards and a user handbook for the monthly gravity solutions are available at www.csr.utexas.edu/grace/publications/hand book.
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The same data spans and monthly averaging scheme used to produce the GRACE gravity estimates were used to analyze the GLDAS data; therefore, any gaps in GRACE processing were reflected in the GLDAS data analysis.
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See supporting text at Science Online.
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3242743165
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We thank M. Rodell for providing terrestrial water storage output from the GLDAS model, T. Pekker and J. Chen for conversion of the GLDAS output into geopotential coefficients, and W. Bertiger, F. Flechtner, B. Gunter, Z. Kang, G. Kruizinga, P. Nagel, R. Pastor, S. Poole, L. Romans, H.-J. Rim, S.-C. Wu, S. Yoon, and D.-N. Yuan for their vital contributions to the software development, algorithm testing, and data processing required to accomplish these results. Supported by NASA contract NAS5-97213.
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