메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 18, Issue 13-14, 2013, Pages 667-673

Molecular determinants of drug-receptor binding kinetics

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

WATER;

EID: 84879925936     PISSN: 13596446     EISSN: 18785832     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2013.02.007     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (320)

References (59)
  • 1
    • 28244486354 scopus 로고
    • On the reaction of cells and of nerve-endings to certain poisons, cheifly as regards the reaction of striated muscle to nicotine and to curari
    • J.N. Langley On the reaction of cells and of nerve-endings to certain poisons, cheifly as regards the reaction of striated muscle to nicotine and to curari J. Physiol. 33 1905 374 413
    • (1905) J. Physiol. , vol.33 , pp. 374-413
    • Langley, J.N.1
  • 2
    • 33748325882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug-target residence time and its implications for lead optimization
    • R.A. Copeland Drug-target residence time and its implications for lead optimization Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 5 2006 730 739
    • (2006) Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. , vol.5 , pp. 730-739
    • Copeland, R.A.1
  • 3
    • 58449131873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of binding kinetics in therapeutically useful drug action
    • D.C. Swinney The role of binding kinetics in therapeutically useful drug action Curr. Opin. Drug Discov. Dev. 12 2009 31 39
    • (2009) Curr. Opin. Drug Discov. Dev. , vol.12 , pp. 31-39
    • Swinney, D.C.1
  • 4
    • 77955329488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug-target residence time: Critical information for lead optimization
    • H. Lu, and P.J. Tonge Drug-target residence time: critical information for lead optimization Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol. 14 2010 467 474
    • (2010) Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol. , vol.14 , pp. 467-474
    • Lu, H.1    Tonge, P.J.2
  • 5
    • 84863228021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2A receptor agonists is positively correlated to their receptor residence time
    • 2A receptor agonists is positively correlated to their receptor residence time Br. J. Pharmacol. 166 2012 1846 1859
    • (2012) Br. J. Pharmacol. , vol.166 , pp. 1846-1859
    • Guo, D.1
  • 6
    • 1842684070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Turning down, but not off: Neuroprotection requires a paradigm shift in drug development
    • S.A. Lipton Turning down, but not off: neuroprotection requires a paradigm shift in drug development Nature 428 2004 473
    • (2004) Nature , vol.428 , pp. 473
    • Lipton, S.A.1
  • 7
    • 43049158125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Designing transient binding drugs: A new concept for drug discovery
    • S. Ohlson Designing transient binding drugs: a new concept for drug discovery Drug Discov. Today 13 2008 433 439
    • (2008) Drug Discov. Today , vol.13 , pp. 433-439
    • Ohlson, S.1
  • 8
    • 84862869593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clozapine, atypical antipsychotics, and the benefits of fast-off D2 dopamine receptor antagonism
    • G. Vauquelin Clozapine, atypical antipsychotics, and the benefits of fast-off D2 dopamine receptor antagonism Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch. Pharmacol. 385 2012 337 372
    • (2012) Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch. Pharmacol. , vol.385 , pp. 337-372
    • Vauquelin, G.1
  • 9
    • 79961007102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The need for high throughput kinetics early in the drug discovery process
    • W. Keighley The need for high throughput kinetics early in the drug discovery process Drug Disc. World Summer 2011 2011 39 45
    • (2011) Drug Disc. World Summer 2011 , pp. 39-45
    • Keighley, W.1
  • 10
    • 84859388604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigation of the effect of molecular properties on the binding kinetics of a ligand to its biological target
    • D.C. Miller Investigation of the effect of molecular properties on the binding kinetics of a ligand to its biological target Med. Chem. Commun. 3 2012 449 452
    • (2012) Med. Chem. Commun. , vol.3 , pp. 449-452
    • Miller, D.C.1
  • 11
    • 84859956726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Binding kinetics redefine the antagonist pharmacology of the corticotropin-releasing factor type 1 receptor
    • B.A. Fleck Binding kinetics redefine the antagonist pharmacology of the corticotropin-releasing factor type 1 receptor J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 341 2012 518 531
    • (2012) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. , vol.341 , pp. 518-531
    • Fleck, B.A.1
  • 12
    • 0026320866 scopus 로고
    • The energy landscapes and motions of proteins
    • H. Frauenfelder The energy landscapes and motions of proteins Science 254 1991 1598 1603
    • (1991) Science , vol.254 , pp. 1598-1603
    • Frauenfelder, H.1
  • 13
    • 0031020117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of the intramolecular disulfide bond on ligand binding dynamics in myoglobin
    • T. Uchida Effects of the intramolecular disulfide bond on ligand binding dynamics in myoglobin Biochemistry 36 1997 324 332
    • (1997) Biochemistry , vol.36 , pp. 324-332
    • Uchida, T.1
  • 14
    • 77951987627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A slow, tight binding inhibitor of InhA, the enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis
    • S.R. Luckner A slow, tight binding inhibitor of InhA, the enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis J. Biol. Chem. 285 2010 14330 14337
    • (2010) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.285 , pp. 14330-14337
    • Luckner, S.R.1
  • 15
    • 84863115467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structure and dynamics of the M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor
    • A.C. Kruse Structure and dynamics of the M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor Nature 482 2012 552 556
    • (2012) Nature , vol.482 , pp. 552-556
    • Kruse, A.C.1
  • 16
    • 18344395134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of p38 MAP kinase by utilizing a novel allosteric binding site
    • C. Pargellis Inhibition of p38 MAP kinase by utilizing a novel allosteric binding site Nat. Struct. Biol. 9 2002 268 272
    • (2002) Nat. Struct. Biol. , vol.9 , pp. 268-272
    • Pargellis, C.1
  • 17
    • 81555218671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Design and synthesis of inhaled p38 inhibitors for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • D.S. Millan Design and synthesis of inhaled p38 inhibitors for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease J. Med. Chem. 52 2011 7797 7814
    • (2011) J. Med. Chem. , vol.52 , pp. 7797-7814
    • Millan, D.S.1
  • 18
    • 0033994636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pharmacological properties of tiotropium
    • B.J. Barnes The pharmacological properties of tiotropium Chest 117 Suppl. 2 2000 63 66
    • (2000) Chest , vol.117 , Issue.SUPPL. 2 , pp. 63-66
    • Barnes, B.J.1
  • 19
    • 84867602726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of receptor kinetics on the onset and duration of action, and the therapeutic index of NVA237 and tiotropium
    • D.A. Sykes The influence of receptor kinetics on the onset and duration of action, and the therapeutic index of NVA237 and tiotropium J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 343 2012 520 528
    • (2012) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. , vol.343 , pp. 520-528
    • Sykes, D.A.1
  • 22
    • 0029873697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid, electrostatically assisted association of proteins
    • G. Schreiber, and A.R. Fersht Rapid, electrostatically assisted association of proteins Nat. Struct. Biol. 3 1996 427 431
    • (1996) Nat. Struct. Biol. , vol.3 , pp. 427-431
    • Schreiber, G.1    Fersht, A.R.2
  • 23
    • 0037192170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nucleotide binding to Na, K-ATPase: The role of electrostatic interactions
    • N.U. Fedosova Nucleotide binding to Na, K-ATPase: the role of electrostatic interactions Biochemistry 41 2002 1267 1273
    • (2002) Biochemistry , vol.41 , pp. 1267-1273
    • Fedosova, N.U.1
  • 24
    • 0030828982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrostatic influence on the kinetics of ligand binding to acetylcholinesterase. Distinctions between active center ligands and fasciculin
    • Z. Radić Electrostatic influence on the kinetics of ligand binding to acetylcholinesterase. Distinctions between active center ligands and fasciculin J. Biol. Chem. 272 1997 23265 23277
    • (1997) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.272 , pp. 23265-23277
    • Radić, Z.1
  • 25
    • 84862867185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why continuum electrostatics theories cannot explain biological structure, polyelectrolytes or ionic strength effects in ion-protein interactions
    • K.D. Collins Why continuum electrostatics theories cannot explain biological structure, polyelectrolytes or ionic strength effects in ion-protein interactions Biophys. Chem. 167 2012 43 59
    • (2012) Biophys. Chem. , vol.167 , pp. 43-59
    • Collins, K.D.1
  • 26
    • 0031678068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dominant role of local dipolar interactions in phosphate binding to a receptor cleft with an electronegative charge surface: Equilibrium, kinetic, and crystallographic studies
    • P.S. Ledvina Dominant role of local dipolar interactions in phosphate binding to a receptor cleft with an electronegative charge surface: equilibrium, kinetic, and crystallographic studies Protein Sci. 7 1998 2550 2559
    • (1998) Protein Sci. , vol.7 , pp. 2550-2559
    • Ledvina, P.S.1
  • 27
    • 42149143745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carbonic anhydrase as a model for biophysical and physical-organic studies of proteins and protein-ligand binding
    • V.M. Krishnamurthy Carbonic anhydrase as a model for biophysical and physical-organic studies of proteins and protein-ligand binding Chem. Rev. 103 2008 946 1051
    • (2008) Chem. Rev. , vol.103 , pp. 946-1051
    • Krishnamurthy, V.M.1
  • 28
    • 0030474049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What can we learn from molecular recognition in protein-ligand complexes for the design of new drugs?
    • H.-J. Böhm, and G. Klebe What can we learn from molecular recognition in protein-ligand complexes for the design of new drugs? Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 3S 1996 2588 2614
    • (1996) Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. , vol.3 S , pp. 2588-2614
    • Böhm, H.-J.1    Klebe, G.2
  • 29
    • 0030729485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of heme pocket hydrophobicity on the ligand binding dynamics in myoglobin as studied with leucine 29 mutants
    • T. Uchida The effects of heme pocket hydrophobicity on the ligand binding dynamics in myoglobin as studied with leucine 29 mutants J. Biol. Chem. 272 1997 30108 30114
    • (1997) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.272 , pp. 30108-30114
    • Uchida, T.1
  • 30
    • 84872837570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Solvent fluctuations in hydrophobic cavity-ligand binding kinetics
    • P. Setny Solvent fluctuations in hydrophobic cavity-ligand binding kinetics Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 110 2013 1197 1202
    • (2013) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. , vol.110 , pp. 1197-1202
    • Setny, P.1
  • 31
    • 54749087040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of fast peptide recognition by SH3 domains
    • M. Ahmad Mechanism of fast peptide recognition by SH3 domains Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 47 2008 7626 7630
    • (2008) Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. , vol.47 , pp. 7626-7630
    • Ahmad, M.1
  • 32
    • 70350751573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dewetting-controlled binding of ligands to hydrophobic pockets
    • P. Setny Dewetting-controlled binding of ligands to hydrophobic pockets Phys. Rev. Lett. 103 2009 187801
    • (2009) Phys. Rev. Lett. , vol.103 , pp. 187801
    • Setny, P.1
  • 33
    • 78650656571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural basis for effectiveness of siderophore-conjugated monocarbams against clinically relevant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
    • S. Han Structural basis for effectiveness of siderophore-conjugated monocarbams against clinically relevant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 107 2010 22002 22007
    • (2010) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. , vol.107 , pp. 22002-22007
    • Han, S.1
  • 34
    • 78650261675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence that water can reduce the kinetic stability of protein-hydrophobic ligand interactions
    • L. Liu Evidence that water can reduce the kinetic stability of protein-hydrophobic ligand interactions J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132 2010 17658 17660
    • (2010) J. Am. Chem. Soc. , vol.132 , pp. 17658-17660
    • Liu, L.1
  • 35
    • 80052001378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathway and mechanism of drug binding to G-protein-coupled receptors
    • R.O. Dror Pathway and mechanism of drug binding to G-protein-coupled receptors Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 108 2011 13118 13123
    • (2011) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. , vol.108 , pp. 13118-13123
    • Dror, R.O.1
  • 36
    • 83055179348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shielded hydrogen bonds as structural determinants of binding kinetics: Application in drug design
    • P. Schmidtke Shielded hydrogen bonds as structural determinants of binding kinetics: application in drug design J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133 2011 18903 18910
    • (2011) J. Am. Chem. Soc. , vol.133 , pp. 18903-18910
    • Schmidtke, P.1
  • 37
    • 26944481188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interfaces and the driving force of hydrophobic assembly
    • D. Chandler Interfaces and the driving force of hydrophobic assembly Nature 437 2005 640 647
    • (2005) Nature , vol.437 , pp. 640-647
    • Chandler, D.1
  • 38
    • 79952375489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HTS reporter displacement assay for fragment screening and fragment evolution toward leads with optimized binding kinetics, binding selectivity, and thermodynamic signature
    • L.C. Kuo, Elsevier
    • L. Neumann HTS reporter displacement assay for fragment screening and fragment evolution toward leads with optimized binding kinetics, binding selectivity, and thermodynamic signature L.C. Kuo, Methods in Enzymology: Fragment-Based Drug Design Tools, Practical Approaches, and Examples Vol. 493 2011 Elsevier 299 320
    • (2011) Methods in Enzymology: Fragment-Based Drug Design Tools, Practical Approaches, and Examples , vol.493 , pp. 299-320
    • Neumann, L.1
  • 39
    • 79952383501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From experimental design to validated hits: A comprehensive walk-through of fragment lead identification using surface plasmon resonance
    • L.C. Kuo, Elsevier
    • A.M. Giannetti From experimental design to validated hits: a comprehensive walk-through of fragment lead identification using surface plasmon resonance L.C. Kuo, Methods in Enzymology: Fragment-Based Drug Design Tools, Practical Approaches, and Examples Vol. 493 2011 Elsevier 169 218
    • (2011) Methods in Enzymology: Fragment-Based Drug Design Tools, Practical Approaches, and Examples , vol.493 , pp. 169-218
    • Giannetti, A.M.1
  • 40
    • 78049403279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ligand binding assays at equilibrium: Validation and interpretation
    • E.C. Hulme, and M.A. Trevethick Ligand binding assays at equilibrium: validation and interpretation Br. J. Pharmacol. 161 2010 1219 1237
    • (2010) Br. J. Pharmacol. , vol.161 , pp. 1219-1237
    • Hulme, E.C.1    Trevethick, M.A.2
  • 41
    • 79960156006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2A receptor
    • 2A receptor J. Med. Chem. 54 2011 4312 4323
    • (2011) J. Med. Chem. , vol.54 , pp. 4312-4323
    • Zhukov, A.1
  • 42
    • 84857190619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for dynamics in proteins as a mechanism for ligand dissociation
    • M.J. Carroll Evidence for dynamics in proteins as a mechanism for ligand dissociation Nat. Chem. Biol. 8 2012 246 252
    • (2012) Nat. Chem. Biol. , vol.8 , pp. 246-252
    • Carroll, M.J.1
  • 43
    • 79959420922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enzymatic transition states, transition-state analogs, dynamics, thermodynamics, and lifetimes
    • V.L. Schramm Enzymatic transition states, transition-state analogs, dynamics, thermodynamics, and lifetimes Ann. Rev. Biophys. 80 2011 703 732
    • (2011) Ann. Rev. Biophys. , vol.80 , pp. 703-732
    • Schramm, V.L.1
  • 44
    • 84867743209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Time-resolved structural studies at synchrotrons and X-ray free electron lasers: Opportunities and challenges
    • R. Neutze, and K. Moffat Time-resolved structural studies at synchrotrons and X-ray free electron lasers: opportunities and challenges Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 22 2012 651 659
    • (2012) Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. , vol.22 , pp. 651-659
    • Neutze, R.1    Moffat, K.2
  • 45
    • 77953080085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exploring atomic resolution physiology on a femtosecond to millisecond timescale using molecular dynamics simulations
    • R.O. Dror Exploring atomic resolution physiology on a femtosecond to millisecond timescale using molecular dynamics simulations J. Gen. Phys. 135 2010 555 562
    • (2010) J. Gen. Phys. , vol.135 , pp. 555-562
    • Dror, R.O.1
  • 46
    • 79960007037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complete reconstruction of an enzyme-inhibitor binding process by molecular dynamics simulations
    • I. Buch Complete reconstruction of an enzyme-inhibitor binding process by molecular dynamics simulations Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 108 2011 10184 10189
    • (2011) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. , vol.108 , pp. 10184-10189
    • Buch, I.1
  • 47
    • 79959275847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How does a drug molecule find its target binding site?
    • Y. Shan How does a drug molecule find its target binding site? J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133 2011 9181 9183
    • (2011) J. Am. Chem. Soc. , vol.133 , pp. 9181-9183
    • Shan, Y.1
  • 48
    • 33847126878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Binding pathways of ligands to HIV-1 protease: Coarse-grained and atomistic simulations
    • C.E. Chang Binding pathways of ligands to HIV-1 protease: coarse-grained and atomistic simulations Chem. Biol. Drug Des. 69 2007 5 13
    • (2007) Chem. Biol. Drug Des. , vol.69 , pp. 5-13
    • Chang, C.E.1
  • 49
    • 65549124993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TIGER2: An improved algorithm for temperature intervals with global exchange of replicas
    • X. Li TIGER2: an improved algorithm for temperature intervals with global exchange of replicas J. Chem. Phys. 130 2009 174106
    • (2009) J. Chem. Phys. , vol.130 , pp. 174106
    • Li, X.1
  • 50
    • 80053937582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gating and intermolecular interactions in ligand-protein association: Coarse-grained modeling of HIV-1 protease
    • M. Kang Gating and intermolecular interactions in ligand-protein association: coarse-grained modeling of HIV-1 protease J. Chem. Theory Comput. 7 2011 3438 3446
    • (2011) J. Chem. Theory Comput. , vol.7 , pp. 3438-3446
    • Kang, M.1
  • 51
    • 33751218931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unbinding of retinoic acid from the retinoic acid receptor by random expulsion molecular dynamics
    • P. Carlsson Unbinding of retinoic acid from the retinoic acid receptor by random expulsion molecular dynamics Biophys. J. 91 2006 3151 3161
    • (2006) Biophys. J. , vol.91 , pp. 3151-3161
    • Carlsson, P.1
  • 52
    • 69749115865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2-adrenergic receptor
    • 2-adrenergic receptor J. Mol. Biol. 392 2009 1102 1115
    • (2009) J. Mol. Biol. , vol.392 , pp. 1102-1115
    • Wang, T.1    Duan, Y.2
  • 53
    • 69049084558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Substrate binding mechanism of HIV-1 protease from explicit-solvent atomistic simulations
    • F. Pietrucci Substrate binding mechanism of HIV-1 protease from explicit-solvent atomistic simulations J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131 2009 11811 11818
    • (2009) J. Am. Chem. Soc. , vol.131 , pp. 11811-11818
    • Pietrucci, F.1
  • 54
    • 77952844866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Single-molecule pulling simulation can discern active from inactive enzyme inhibitors
    • F. Colizzi Single-molecule pulling simulation can discern active from inactive enzyme inhibitors J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132 2010 7361 7371
    • (2010) J. Am. Chem. Soc. , vol.132 , pp. 7361-7371
    • Colizzi, F.1
  • 55
    • 77950450012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular basis of cyclooxygenase enzymes (COXs) selective inhibition
    • V. Limongelli Molecular basis of cyclooxygenase enzymes (COXs) selective inhibition Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 107 2010 5411 5416
    • (2010) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. , vol.107 , pp. 5411-5416
    • Limongelli, V.1
  • 56
    • 8644247487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved structure-activity relationship analysis of HIV-1 protease inhibitors using interaction kinetic data
    • C.F. Shuman Improved structure-activity relationship analysis of HIV-1 protease inhibitors using interaction kinetic data J. Med. Chem. 47 2004 5953 5961
    • (2004) J. Med. Chem. , vol.47 , pp. 5953-5961
    • Shuman, C.F.1
  • 57
    • 34249342240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Replacing affinity with binding kinetics in QSAR studies resolves otherwise confounded effects
    • K. Andersson, and M.D. Hamalainen Replacing affinity with binding kinetics in QSAR studies resolves otherwise confounded effects J. Chemometr. 20 2007 370 375
    • (2007) J. Chemometr. , vol.20 , pp. 370-375
    • Andersson, K.1    Hamalainen, M.D.2
  • 58
    • 0000846782 scopus 로고
    • Effect of rotation on the diffusion-controlled rate of ligand-protein association
    • T.L. Hill Effect of rotation on the diffusion-controlled rate of ligand-protein association Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 72 1975 4918 4922
    • (1975) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. , vol.72 , pp. 4918-4922
    • Hill, T.L.1
  • 59
    • 80052462704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conformational adaptation in drug-target interactions and residence time
    • R.A. Copeland Conformational adaptation in drug-target interactions and residence time Future Med. Chem. 3 2011 1491 1501
    • (2011) Future Med. Chem. , vol.3 , pp. 1491-1501
    • Copeland, R.A.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.