메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 305, Issue , 2013, Pages 204-211

Forest patches and the upward migration of timberline in the southern Peruvian Andes

Author keywords

Climate change; Forest patches; Microclimate; Puna; Seed dispersal; Timberline

Indexed keywords

FOREST PATCHES; MICROCLIMATE; PUNA; SEED DISPERSAL; TIMBERLINE;

EID: 84879727606     PISSN: 03781127     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2013.05.041     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (37)

References (85)
  • 1
    • 84865547576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What is the state of tropical montane cloud forest restoration?
    • Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, L. Bruijnzeel, F. Catena, L. Hamilton (Eds.)
    • Aide T., Ruiz-Jaen M., Grau H. What is the state of tropical montane cloud forest restoration?. Tropical Montane Cloud Forests: Science for Conservation and Management 2010, 101-109. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. L. Bruijnzeel, F. Catena, L. Hamilton (Eds.).
    • (2010) Tropical Montane Cloud Forests: Science for Conservation and Management , pp. 101-109
    • Aide, T.1    Ruiz-Jaen, M.2    Grau, H.3
  • 2
    • 34250211450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High solar radiation hinders tree regeneration above the alpine treeline in northern Ecuador
    • Bader M., Geloof I., Rietkerk M. High solar radiation hinders tree regeneration above the alpine treeline in northern Ecuador. Plant Ecol. 2007, 191:33-45.
    • (2007) Plant Ecol. , vol.191 , pp. 33-45
    • Bader, M.1    Geloof, I.2    Rietkerk, M.3
  • 3
    • 36048989437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vegetation structure and temperature regimes of tropical alpine treelines
    • Bader M., Rietkerk M., Bregt A. Vegetation structure and temperature regimes of tropical alpine treelines. Acrtic Antarct. Alpine Res. 2007, 39:353-364.
    • (2007) Acrtic Antarct. Alpine Res. , vol.39 , pp. 353-364
    • Bader, M.1    Rietkerk, M.2    Bregt, A.3
  • 4
    • 46049100575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A simple spatial model exploring positive feedbacks at tropical alpine treelines
    • Bader M., Rietkerk M., Bregt A. A simple spatial model exploring positive feedbacks at tropical alpine treelines. Acrtic Antarct. Alpine Res. 2008, 40:269-278.
    • (2008) Acrtic Antarct. Alpine Res. , vol.40 , pp. 269-278
    • Bader, M.1    Rietkerk, M.2    Bregt, A.3
  • 5
    • 84879737995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global treeline position
    • Berdanier A. Global treeline position. Nat. Educ. Knowl. 2010, 1:11.
    • (2010) Nat. Educ. Knowl. , vol.1 , pp. 11
    • Berdanier, A.1
  • 6
    • 0023496117 scopus 로고
    • Effect of supercooling and freezing on photosynthesis in freezing tolerant leaves of Afroalpine "giant rosette" plants
    • Bodner M., Beck E. Effect of supercooling and freezing on photosynthesis in freezing tolerant leaves of Afroalpine "giant rosette" plants. Oecologia 1987, 72:366-371.
    • (1987) Oecologia , vol.72 , pp. 366-371
    • Bodner, M.1    Beck, E.2
  • 7
    • 84933503113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tropical montane cloude forests: state of knowledge and sustainability perspectives in a changing world
    • Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, L. Bruijnzeel, F. Catena, L. Hamilton (Eds.)
    • Bruijnzeel L., Kappelle M., Mulligan M., Scatena F. Tropical montane cloude forests: state of knowledge and sustainability perspectives in a changing world. Tropical Montane Cloud Forests: Science for Conservation and Management 2010, 691-725. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. L. Bruijnzeel, F. Catena, L. Hamilton (Eds.).
    • (2010) Tropical Montane Cloud Forests: Science for Conservation and Management , pp. 691-725
    • Bruijnzeel, L.1    Kappelle, M.2    Mulligan, M.3    Scatena, F.4
  • 8
    • 0034029421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contemporary landscape change in the Huascarán National Park and buffer zone, Cordillera Blanca, Peru
    • Byers A. Contemporary landscape change in the Huascarán National Park and buffer zone, Cordillera Blanca, Peru. Mt. Res. Dev. 2000, 20:52-63.
    • (2000) Mt. Res. Dev. , vol.20 , pp. 52-63
    • Byers, A.1
  • 10
    • 34247525552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of sowing, canopy cover and litter on seedling dynamics of two Polylepis species at upper tree lines in central Ecuador
    • Cierjacks A., Iglesias J., Wesche K., Hensen I. Impact of sowing, canopy cover and litter on seedling dynamics of two Polylepis species at upper tree lines in central Ecuador. J. Trop. Ecol. 2007, 23:309-318.
    • (2007) J. Trop. Ecol. , vol.23 , pp. 309-318
    • Cierjacks, A.1    Iglesias, J.2    Wesche, K.3    Hensen, I.4
  • 11
    • 34047174520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential lateral expansion of Polylepis forest fragments in central Ecuador
    • Cierjacks A., Wesche K., Hensen I. Potential lateral expansion of Polylepis forest fragments in central Ecuador. For. Ecol. Manage. 2007, 242:477-486.
    • (2007) For. Ecol. Manage. , vol.242 , pp. 477-486
    • Cierjacks, A.1    Wesche, K.2    Hensen, I.3
  • 12
    • 36649019533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of altitude and livestock on the regeneration of two tree line forming Polylepis species in Ecuador
    • Cierjacks A., Rühr N., Wesche K., Hensen I. Effects of altitude and livestock on the regeneration of two tree line forming Polylepis species in Ecuador. Plant Ecol. 2008, 194:207-221.
    • (2008) Plant Ecol. , vol.194 , pp. 207-221
    • Cierjacks, A.1    Rühr, N.2    Wesche, K.3    Hensen, I.4
  • 13
    • 0033761909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tree recruitment at the Nothofagus pumilio alpine timberline in Tierra del Fuego, Chile
    • Cuevas J. Tree recruitment at the Nothofagus pumilio alpine timberline in Tierra del Fuego, Chile. J. Ecol. 2000, 88:840-855.
    • (2000) J. Ecol. , vol.88 , pp. 840-855
    • Cuevas, J.1
  • 16
    • 1842534564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling climate change-driven treeline shifts: relative effects of temperature increase, dispersal and invasibility
    • Dullinger S., Dirnböck T., Grabherr G. Modelling climate change-driven treeline shifts: relative effects of temperature increase, dispersal and invasibility. J. Ecol. 2004, 92:241-252.
    • (2004) J. Ecol. , vol.92 , pp. 241-252
    • Dullinger, S.1    Dirnböck, T.2    Grabherr, G.3
  • 18
    • 84858446731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distributional migrations, expansions, and contractions of tropical plant species as revealed in dated herbarium records
    • Feeley K. Distributional migrations, expansions, and contractions of tropical plant species as revealed in dated herbarium records. Glob. Change Biol. 2012, 18:1335-1341.
    • (2012) Glob. Change Biol. , vol.18 , pp. 1335-1341
    • Feeley, K.1
  • 19
    • 84868193033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amazon's vulnerability to climate change heightened by deforestation and man-made dispersal barriers
    • Feeley K., Rehm E. Amazon's vulnerability to climate change heightened by deforestation and man-made dispersal barriers. Glob. Change Biol. 2012, 18:3606-3614.
    • (2012) Glob. Change Biol. , vol.18 , pp. 3606-3614
    • Feeley, K.1    Rehm, E.2
  • 20
    • 78349297182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Land-use and climate change effects on population size and extinction risk of Andean plants
    • Feeley K., Silman M. Land-use and climate change effects on population size and extinction risk of Andean plants. Glob. Change Biol. 2010, 16:3215-3222.
    • (2010) Glob. Change Biol. , vol.16 , pp. 3215-3222
    • Feeley, K.1    Silman, M.2
  • 22
    • 84863608393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relative importance of deforestation, precipitation change, and temperature sensitivity in determining the future distributions and diversity of Amazonian plant species
    • Feeley K., Malhi Y., Zelazowski P., Silman M. The relative importance of deforestation, precipitation change, and temperature sensitivity in determining the future distributions and diversity of Amazonian plant species. Glob. Change Biol. 2012, 18:2636-2647.
    • (2012) Glob. Change Biol. , vol.18 , pp. 2636-2647
    • Feeley, K.1    Malhi, Y.2    Zelazowski, P.3    Silman, M.4
  • 23
    • 84870795479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The responses of tropical forest species to global climate change: acclimate, adapt, migrate or go extinct?
    • Feeley K., Rehm E., Machovina B. The responses of tropical forest species to global climate change: acclimate, adapt, migrate or go extinct?. Front. Biogeogr. 2012, 4:69-84.
    • (2012) Front. Biogeogr. , vol.4 , pp. 69-84
    • Feeley, K.1    Rehm, E.2    Machovina, B.3
  • 24
    • 82855168060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elevational ranges of birds on a tropical montane gradient lag behind warming temperatures
    • Forero-Medina G., Terborgh J., Socolar S., Pimm S. Elevational ranges of birds on a tropical montane gradient lag behind warming temperatures. PLoS ONE 2011, 6:e28535.
    • (2011) PLoS ONE , vol.6
    • Forero-Medina, G.1    Terborgh, J.2    Socolar, S.3    Pimm, S.4
  • 25
    • 0036034245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conifer seedling distribution and survival in an alpine-treeline ecotone
    • Germino M., Smith W., Resor A. Conifer seedling distribution and survival in an alpine-treeline ecotone. Plant Ecol. 2002, 162:157-168.
    • (2002) Plant Ecol. , vol.162 , pp. 157-168
    • Germino, M.1    Smith, W.2    Resor, A.3
  • 26
    • 77957754746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecosystem carbon storage across the grassland-forest transition in the high Andes of Manu National Park, Peru
    • Gibbon A., Silman M., Malhi Y., Fisher J., Meir P., Zimmermann M., Dargie G., Farfan W., Garcia K. Ecosystem carbon storage across the grassland-forest transition in the high Andes of Manu National Park, Peru. Ecosystems 2010, 13:1097-1111.
    • (2010) Ecosystems , vol.13 , pp. 1097-1111
    • Gibbon, A.1    Silman, M.2    Malhi, Y.3    Fisher, J.4    Meir, P.5    Zimmermann, M.6    Dargie, G.7    Farfan, W.8    Garcia, K.9
  • 27
    • 0036802049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impacts of climate change on the tree line
    • Grace J., Berninger F., Nagy L. Impacts of climate change on the tree line. Ann. Bot. 2002, 90:537-544.
    • (2002) Ann. Bot. , vol.90 , pp. 537-544
    • Grace, J.1    Berninger, F.2    Nagy, L.3
  • 28
    • 70349104098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are treelines advancing? A global meta-analysis of treeline response to climate warming
    • Harsch M., Hulme P., McGlone M., Duncan R. Are treelines advancing? A global meta-analysis of treeline response to climate warming. Ecol. Lett. 2009, 12:1040-1049.
    • (2009) Ecol. Lett. , vol.12 , pp. 1040-1049
    • Harsch, M.1    Hulme, P.2    McGlone, M.3    Duncan, R.4
  • 29
    • 84867707280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Causes of tree line stability: stem growth, recruitment and mortality rates over 15 years at New Zealand Nothofagus tree lines
    • Harsch M., Buxton R., Duncan R., Hulme P., Wardle P., Wilmshurst J. Causes of tree line stability: stem growth, recruitment and mortality rates over 15 years at New Zealand Nothofagus tree lines. J. Biogeogr. 2012, 39:2061-2071.
    • (2012) J. Biogeogr. , vol.39 , pp. 2061-2071
    • Harsch, M.1    Buxton, R.2    Duncan, R.3    Hulme, P.4    Wardle, P.5    Wilmshurst, J.6
  • 30
    • 78349299814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in species interactions across a 2.5km elevation gradient: effects on plant migration in response to climate change
    • Hillyer R., Silman M. Changes in species interactions across a 2.5km elevation gradient: effects on plant migration in response to climate change. Glob. Change Biol. 2010, 16:1-10.
    • (2010) Glob. Change Biol. , vol.16 , pp. 1-10
    • Hillyer, R.1    Silman, M.2
  • 31
    • 0037311846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization and ranking of biodiversity hotspots: centres of species richness and endemism
    • Hobohm C. Characterization and ranking of biodiversity hotspots: centres of species richness and endemism. Biodivers. Conserv. 2003, 12:279-287.
    • (2003) Biodivers. Conserv. , vol.12 , pp. 279-287
    • Hobohm, C.1
  • 32
    • 0034479606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tropical montane forest restoration in Costa Rica: overcoming barriers to dispersal and establishment
    • Holl K., Loik M., Lin E., Samuels I. Tropical montane forest restoration in Costa Rica: overcoming barriers to dispersal and establishment. Restor. Ecol. 2000, 8:339-349.
    • (2000) Restor. Ecol. , vol.8 , pp. 339-349
    • Holl, K.1    Loik, M.2    Lin, E.3    Samuels, I.4
  • 34
    • 85128706237 scopus 로고
    • Management of habitat fragments in a tropical dry forest: growth
    • Janzen D. Management of habitat fragments in a tropical dry forest: growth. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 1988, 75:105-116.
    • (1988) Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. , vol.75 , pp. 105-116
    • Janzen, D.1
  • 35
    • 33845500357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Costa Rica
    • Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, Santo Domingo de Heredia, Costa Rica, M. Kappelle, A. Brown (Eds.)
    • Kappelle M. Costa Rica. Bosques Nublados del Neotropico 2001, 301-370. Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, Santo Domingo de Heredia, Costa Rica. M. Kappelle, A. Brown (Eds.).
    • (2001) Bosques Nublados del Neotropico , pp. 301-370
    • Kappelle, M.1
  • 36
    • 0003053959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Observations on a human-induced fire event at a humid treeline in the Bolivian Andes
    • Kessler M. Observations on a human-induced fire event at a humid treeline in the Bolivian Andes. Ecotropica 2000, 6:89-93.
    • (2000) Ecotropica , vol.6 , pp. 89-93
    • Kessler, M.1
  • 37
    • 2342449703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The "Polylepis Problem": where do we stand?
    • Kessler M. The "Polylepis Problem": where do we stand?. Ecotropica 2002, 8:97-110.
    • (2002) Ecotropica , vol.8 , pp. 97-110
    • Kessler, M.1
  • 38
    • 33745293452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implications of land use/land cover change in the buffer zone of a national park in the tropical Andes
    • Kintz D., Young K., Crews-Meyer K. Implications of land use/land cover change in the buffer zone of a national park in the tropical Andes. Environ. Manage. 2006, 38:238-252.
    • (2006) Environ. Manage. , vol.38 , pp. 238-252
    • Kintz, D.1    Young, K.2    Crews-Meyer, K.3
  • 39
    • 2642619383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A re-assessment of high elevation treeline positions and their explanation
    • Körner C. A re-assessment of high elevation treeline positions and their explanation. Oecologia 1998, 115:445-459.
    • (1998) Oecologia , vol.115 , pp. 445-459
    • Körner, C.1
  • 40
    • 57649124706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Winter crop growth at low temperature may hold the answer for alpine treeline formation
    • Körner C. Winter crop growth at low temperature may hold the answer for alpine treeline formation. Plant Ecol Div 2008, 1:3-11.
    • (2008) Plant Ecol Div , vol.1 , pp. 3-11
    • Körner, C.1
  • 41
  • 42
    • 2142840993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A world-wide study of high altitude treeline temperatures
    • Körner C., Paulsen J. A world-wide study of high altitude treeline temperatures. J. Biogeogr. 2004, 31:713-732.
    • (2004) J. Biogeogr. , vol.31 , pp. 713-732
    • Körner, C.1    Paulsen, J.2
  • 43
    • 78651250499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Between-patch bird movements within a high-Andean Polylepis woodland/matrix landscape: implications for habitat restoration
    • Lloyd H., Marsden S. Between-patch bird movements within a high-Andean Polylepis woodland/matrix landscape: implications for habitat restoration. Restor. Ecol. 2011, 19:74-82.
    • (2011) Restor. Ecol. , vol.19 , pp. 74-82
    • Lloyd, H.1    Marsden, S.2
  • 44
    • 33745037366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mexico
    • Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, Santo Domingo de Heredia, Costa Rica, M. Kappelle, A. Brown (Eds.)
    • Luna I., Valezquez A., Valezquez E. Mexico. Bosques Nublados del Neotropico 2001, 183-229. Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, Santo Domingo de Heredia, Costa Rica. M. Kappelle, A. Brown (Eds.).
    • (2001) Bosques Nublados del Neotropico , pp. 183-229
    • Luna, I.1    Valezquez, A.2    Valezquez, E.3
  • 45
    • 80052412300 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vegetation zonation in a neotropical montane forest: environment, disturbance and ecotones
    • Martin P., Fahey T., Sherman R. Vegetation zonation in a neotropical montane forest: environment, disturbance and ecotones. Biotropica 2011, 43:533-543.
    • (2011) Biotropica , vol.43 , pp. 533-543
    • Martin, P.1    Fahey, T.2    Sherman, R.3
  • 48
    • 77955096562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The interacting effects of temperature, ground disturbance, and herbivory on seedling establishment: implications for treeline advance with climate warming
    • Munier A., Hermanutz L., Jacobs J., Lewis K. The interacting effects of temperature, ground disturbance, and herbivory on seedling establishment: implications for treeline advance with climate warming. Plant Ecol. 2010, 210:19-30.
    • (2010) Plant Ecol. , vol.210 , pp. 19-30
    • Munier, A.1    Hermanutz, L.2    Jacobs, J.3    Lewis, K.4
  • 50
    • 0030303748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparative study of tree establishment in abandoned pasture and mature forest of eastern Amazonia
    • Nepstad D., Uhl C., Pereira C., da Silva J. A comparative study of tree establishment in abandoned pasture and mature forest of eastern Amazonia. Oikos 1996, 76:25-39.
    • (1996) Oikos , vol.76 , pp. 25-39
    • Nepstad, D.1    Uhl, C.2    Pereira, C.3    da Silva, J.4
  • 51
    • 0034711969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vegetation structure and composition along an interior-edge-exterior gradient in a Costa Rican montane cloud forest
    • Oosterhoorn M., Kappelle M. Vegetation structure and composition along an interior-edge-exterior gradient in a Costa Rican montane cloud forest. For. Ecol. Manage. 2000, 126:291-307.
    • (2000) For. Ecol. Manage. , vol.126 , pp. 291-307
    • Oosterhoorn, M.1    Kappelle, M.2
  • 53
    • 0027028090 scopus 로고
    • Dispersal can limit local plant distribution
    • Primack R., Miao S. Dispersal can limit local plant distribution. Conserv. Biol. 1992, 6:513-519.
    • (1992) Conserv. Biol. , vol.6 , pp. 513-519
    • Primack, R.1    Miao, S.2
  • 54
    • 34047104791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reassessing the causes of decline in Polylepis, a tropical subalpine forest
    • Purcell J., Brelsford A. Reassessing the causes of decline in Polylepis, a tropical subalpine forest. Ecotropica 2004, 10:155-158.
    • (2004) Ecotropica , vol.10 , pp. 155-158
    • Purcell, J.1    Brelsford, A.2
  • 57
    • 70349159006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low temperature resistance in saplings and ramets of Polylepis sericea in the Venezuelan Andes
    • Rada F., García-Núñez C., Rangel S. Low temperature resistance in saplings and ramets of Polylepis sericea in the Venezuelan Andes. Acta Oecol. 2009, 35:610-613.
    • (2009) Acta Oecol. , vol.35 , pp. 610-613
    • Rada, F.1    García-Núñez, C.2    Rangel, S.3
  • 58
    • 84869766611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diurnal, seasonal, and altitudinal trends in microclimate across a tropical montane cloud forest
    • Rapp J., Silman M. Diurnal, seasonal, and altitudinal trends in microclimate across a tropical montane cloud forest. Clim. Res. 2012, 55:17-32.
    • (2012) Clim. Res. , vol.55 , pp. 17-32
    • Rapp, J.1    Silman, M.2
  • 59
    • 3042720624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anthropogenic soil degradation affects seed viability in Polylepis australis mountain forests of central Argentina
    • Renison D., Hensen I., Cingolani A. Anthropogenic soil degradation affects seed viability in Polylepis australis mountain forests of central Argentina. For. Ecol. Manage. 2004, 196:327-333.
    • (2004) For. Ecol. Manage. , vol.196 , pp. 327-333
    • Renison, D.1    Hensen, I.2    Cingolani, A.3
  • 60
    • 16344381802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The restoration of degraded mountain woodlands: effects of seed provenance and microsite characteristics on Polylepis australis seedling survival and growth in central Argentina
    • Renison D., Cingolani A., Suarez R., Menoyo E., Coutsiers C., Sobral A., Hensen I. The restoration of degraded mountain woodlands: effects of seed provenance and microsite characteristics on Polylepis australis seedling survival and growth in central Argentina. Restor. Ecol. 2005, 13:129-137.
    • (2005) Restor. Ecol. , vol.13 , pp. 129-137
    • Renison, D.1    Cingolani, A.2    Suarez, R.3    Menoyo, E.4    Coutsiers, C.5    Sobral, A.6    Hensen, I.7
  • 62
    • 2942621862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anthropogenic change in the landscapes of highland Ecuador
    • Sarmiento F. Anthropogenic change in the landscapes of highland Ecuador. Geogr. Rev. 2002, 92:213-234.
    • (2002) Geogr. Rev. , vol.92 , pp. 213-234
    • Sarmiento, F.1
  • 63
    • 0036669545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Andean cloud forest tree lines: naturalness, agriculture and the human dimension
    • Sarmiento F., Frolich L. Andean cloud forest tree lines: naturalness, agriculture and the human dimension. Mt. Res. Dev. 2002, 22:278-287.
    • (2002) Mt. Res. Dev. , vol.22 , pp. 278-287
    • Sarmiento, F.1    Frolich, L.2
  • 64
    • 59649090504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nucleating succession in recovering neotropical wet forests: the legacy of remnant trees
    • Schlawin J., Zahawi R. Nucleating succession in recovering neotropical wet forests: the legacy of remnant trees. J. Veg. Sci. 2008, 19:485-492.
    • (2008) J. Veg. Sci. , vol.19 , pp. 485-492
    • Schlawin, J.1    Zahawi, R.2
  • 65
    • 0035341491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cluster afforestation for creating diverse mountain forest structures - a review
    • Schonenberger W. Cluster afforestation for creating diverse mountain forest structures - a review. For. Ecol. Manage. 2001, 145:121-128.
    • (2001) For. Ecol. Manage. , vol.145 , pp. 121-128
    • Schonenberger, W.1
  • 66
    • 84879719663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • El Caribe
    • Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, Santo Domingo de Heredia, Costa Rica, M. Kappelle, A. Brown (Eds.)
    • Silver W., Marin-Spiotta E., Lugo A. El Caribe. Bosques Nublados del Neotropico 2001, 155-181. Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, Santo Domingo de Heredia, Costa Rica. M. Kappelle, A. Brown (Eds.).
    • (2001) Bosques Nublados del Neotropico , pp. 155-181
    • Silver, W.1    Marin-Spiotta, E.2    Lugo, A.3
  • 67
    • 0345331021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Another perspective on altitudinal limits of alpine timberlines
    • Smith W., Germino M., Hancock T., Johnson D. Another perspective on altitudinal limits of alpine timberlines. Tree Physiol. 2003, 23:1101-1112.
    • (2003) Tree Physiol. , vol.23 , pp. 1101-1112
    • Smith, W.1    Germino, M.2    Hancock, T.3    Johnson, D.4
  • 68
    • 67650215493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The altitude of alpine treeline: a bellwether of climate change effects
    • Smith W., Germino M., Johnson D., Reinhardt K. The altitude of alpine treeline: a bellwether of climate change effects. Bot. Rev. 2009, 75:163.
    • (2009) Bot. Rev. , vol.75 , pp. 163
    • Smith, W.1    Germino, M.2    Johnson, D.3    Reinhardt, K.4
  • 69
    • 0026049978 scopus 로고
    • Freezing tolerance and avoidance in high tropical Andean plants: is it equally represented in species with different plant height?
    • Squeo F., Rada F., Azocar A., Goldstein G. Freezing tolerance and avoidance in high tropical Andean plants: is it equally represented in species with different plant height?. Oecologia 1991, 86:378-382.
    • (1991) Oecologia , vol.86 , pp. 378-382
    • Squeo, F.1    Rada, F.2    Azocar, A.3    Goldstein, G.4
  • 70
    • 79955534374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial variability of biotic and abiotic tree establishment constraints across a treeline ecotone in the Alaska Range
    • Stueve K., Isaacs R., Tyrrell L., Densmore R. Spatial variability of biotic and abiotic tree establishment constraints across a treeline ecotone in the Alaska Range. Ecol. 2011, 92:496-506.
    • (2011) Ecol. , vol.92 , pp. 496-506
    • Stueve, K.1    Isaacs, R.2    Tyrrell, L.3    Densmore, R.4
  • 71
    • 0034994647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vegetation structure and soil properties in Ecuadorian páramo grassland with different histories of burning and grazing
    • Suarez R., Medina G. Vegetation structure and soil properties in Ecuadorian páramo grassland with different histories of burning and grazing. Acrtic Antarct. Alpine Res. 2001, 33:158-164.
    • (2001) Acrtic Antarct. Alpine Res. , vol.33 , pp. 158-164
    • Suarez, R.1    Medina, G.2
  • 72
    • 28544434301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do domestic herbivores retard Polylepis australis Bitt. woodland recovery in the mountains of Cordoba, Argentina?
    • Teich I., Cingolani A., Renison D., Hensen I., Giorgis M. Do domestic herbivores retard Polylepis australis Bitt. woodland recovery in the mountains of Cordoba, Argentina?. For. Ecol. Manage. 2005, 219:229-241.
    • (2005) For. Ecol. Manage. , vol.219 , pp. 229-241
    • Teich, I.1    Cingolani, A.2    Renison, D.3    Hensen, I.4    Giorgis, M.5
  • 73
    • 0030825404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Community invasibility, recruitment limitation, and grassland biodiversity
    • Tilman D. Community invasibility, recruitment limitation, and grassland biodiversity. Ecol. 1997, 78:81-92.
    • (1997) Ecol. , vol.78 , pp. 81-92
    • Tilman, D.1
  • 74
    • 37549030541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polylepis australis' regeneration niche in relation to seed dispersal, site characteristics and livestock density
    • Torres R., Renison D., Hensen I., Suarez R., Enrico L. Polylepis australis' regeneration niche in relation to seed dispersal, site characteristics and livestock density. For. Ecol. Manage. 2008, 254:255-260.
    • (2008) For. Ecol. Manage. , vol.254 , pp. 255-260
    • Torres, R.1    Renison, D.2    Hensen, I.3    Suarez, R.4    Enrico, L.5
  • 75
    • 0030455503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The conservation value of small, isolated fragments of lowland tropical rain forest
    • Turner I., Corlett R. The conservation value of small, isolated fragments of lowland tropical rain forest. Trends Ecol. Evol. 1996, 11:330-333.
    • (1996) Trends Ecol. Evol. , vol.11 , pp. 330-333
    • Turner, I.1    Corlett, R.2
  • 76
    • 84865865807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reproduction and seedling establishment of Picea glauca across the northernmost forest-tundra region in Canada
    • Walker X., Henry G., McLeod K., Hofgaard A. Reproduction and seedling establishment of Picea glauca across the northernmost forest-tundra region in Canada. Glob. Change Biol. 2012, 18:3202-3211.
    • (2012) Glob. Change Biol. , vol.18 , pp. 3202-3211
    • Walker, X.1    Henry, G.2    McLeod, K.3    Hofgaard, A.4
  • 77
    • 0022220684 scopus 로고
    • New Zealand timberlines. 1. Growth and survival of native and introduced tree species in the Craigieburn Range, Canterbury
    • Wardle P. New Zealand timberlines. 1. Growth and survival of native and introduced tree species in the Craigieburn Range, Canterbury. NZ J. Bot 1985, 23:263-271.
    • (1985) NZ J. Bot , vol.23 , pp. 263-271
    • Wardle, P.1
  • 78
    • 0027045090 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for rising upper limits of four native New Zealand forest trees
    • Wardle P., Coleman M. Evidence for rising upper limits of four native New Zealand forest trees. NZ J. Bot. 1992, 30:303-314.
    • (1992) NZ J. Bot. , vol.30 , pp. 303-314
    • Wardle, P.1    Coleman, M.2
  • 79
    • 70350608339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recruitment of trees at tropical alpine treelines: Erica in Africa versus Polylepis in South America
    • Wesche K., Cierjacks A., Assefa Y., Wagner S., Fetene M., Hensen I. Recruitment of trees at tropical alpine treelines: Erica in Africa versus Polylepis in South America. Plant Ecol. Divers. 2008, 1:35-46.
    • (2008) Plant Ecol. Divers. , vol.1 , pp. 35-46
    • Wesche, K.1    Cierjacks, A.2    Assefa, Y.3    Wagner, S.4    Fetene, M.5    Hensen, I.6
  • 80
    • 84877995057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Grass páramo as hunter-gatherer landscape
    • doi:10.1177/0959683612471987
    • White, S. 2013. Grass páramo as hunter-gatherer landscape. The Holocene. doi: doi:10.1177/0959683612471987.
    • (2013) The Holocene
    • White, S.1
  • 81
    • 0000481254 scopus 로고
    • Spatial dynamics of a primary succession: nucleation
    • Yarranton G., Morrison R. Spatial dynamics of a primary succession: nucleation. J. Ecol. 1974, 62:417-428.
    • (1974) J. Ecol. , vol.62 , pp. 417-428
    • Yarranton, G.1    Morrison, R.2
  • 82
    • 70449087335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Andean land use and biodiversity: humanized landscapes in a time of change
    • Young K. Andean land use and biodiversity: humanized landscapes in a time of change. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 2009, 96:492-507.
    • (2009) Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. , vol.96 , pp. 492-507
    • Young, K.1
  • 83
    • 33646129910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tropical forest restoration: tree islands as recruitment foci in degraded lands of Honduras
    • Zahawi R., Augspurger C. Tropical forest restoration: tree islands as recruitment foci in degraded lands of Honduras. Ecol. Appl. 2006, 16:464-478.
    • (2006) Ecol. Appl. , vol.16 , pp. 464-478
    • Zahawi, R.1    Augspurger, C.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.