The downfall of extraverts and rise of neurotics: The dynamic process of status allocation in task groups

Academy of Management Journal

Volumn 56, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 387-406

  Bendersky, Corinne ^a   Shah, Neha Parikh ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b RUTGERS BUSINESS SCHOOL   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84879614401     PISSN: 00014273     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5465/amj.2011.0316     Document Type: Article

References (103)

1. Ames, D. R. 2008 search of the right touch. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 17: 381.
2. Ames, D. R., & Flynn, F. J. 2007. What breaks a leader: The curvilinear relation between assertiveness and leadership. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92: 307-324.
3. Ames, D. R., Flynn, F. J., & Weber, E. U. 2004. It's the thought that counts: On perceiving how helpers decide to lend a hand. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30: 461-474.
4. Anderson, C., Ames, D. R., & Gosling, S. D. 2008. Punishing hubris: The perils of overestimating one's status in a group. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34: 90-101.
5. Anderson, C., John, O. P., Keltner, D., & Kring, A. M. 2001. Who attains social status? Effects of personality and physical attractiveness in social groups. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81: 116-132.
6. Anderson, C., & Kilduff, G. J. 2009. Why do dominant personalities attain influence in face-to-face groups? The competence-signaling effects of trait dominance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 96: 491-503.
7. Anderson, C., Srivastava, S., Beer, J. S., Spataro, S. E., & Chatman, J. A. 2006. Knowing your place: Self-perceptions of status in face-to-face groups. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91: 1094-1110.
8. Arkin, R. M. 1981. Self-presentation styles. In J. T. Tedeschi (Ed.), Impression management: Theory and social psychological research: 311-333. New York: Academic.
9. Ashton, M. C., Lee, K., & Paunonen, S. V. 2002. What is the central feature of extraversion? Social attention versus reward sensitivity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83: 245-252.
10. Auriol, E., & Renault, R. 2008. Status and incentives. RAND Journal of Economics, 39: 305-326.
11. Bales, R. F., Strodtbeck, F. L., Mills, T. M., & Roseborough, M. E. 1951. Channels of communication in small groups. American Sociological Review, 16: 461-468.
12. Bales, R. 1958. Task roles and social roles in problemsolving groups. In E. Maccoby, T. Newcomb, & E. Hartley (Eds.), Social psychology (3rd ed.): 437-447. New York: Holt.
13. Barrick, M. R., Mount, M. K., & Judge, T. A. 2001. Personality and performance at the beginning of the new millennium: What do we know and where do we go next? International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 9: 9-30.
14. Barrick, M. R., Stewart, G. L., & Piotrowski, M. 2002. Personality and job performance: Test of the mediating effects of motivation among sales representatives. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87: 43-51.
15. Barry, B., & Stewart, G. L. 1997. Composition, process, and performance in self-managed groups: The role of personality. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82: 62-78.
16. Bendersky, C., & Hays, N. A. 2012. Status conflict in groups. Organization Science, 23: 323-340.
17. Bendersky, C., & Shah, N. 2012. The costs of status attainment: Performance effects of individual's status mobility in task groups. Organization Science, 23: 308-322.
18. Berger, J., Cohen, B. P., & Zelditch, M. 1972. Status characteristics and social interaction. American Sociological Review, 37: 241-255.
19. Berger, J., Connor, T. L., & Fisek, M. H. 1974. Expectation states theory: A theoretical research program. Cambridge, MA: Winthrop.
20. Berger, J., Fisek, H. M., Norman, R. Z., & Zelditch, M. 1977. Status characteristics and social interaction: An expectation states approach. New York: Elsevier.
21. Berger, J., Ridgeway, C. L., Fisek, M. H., & Norman, R. Z. 1998. The legitimation and delegitimation of power and prestige orders. American Sociological Review, 63: 379-405.
22. Besley, T., & Ghatak, M. 2008. Status incentives. American Economic Review, 98: 206-211.
23. Blau, P. M. 1964. Exchange and power in social life. New York: Wiley.
24. Buhrmester, M., Kwang, T., & Gosling, S. D. 2011. Amazon's mechanical turk. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 6: 3.
25. Bunderson, J. S. 2003. Recognizing and utilizing expertise in work groups: A status characteristics perspective. Administrative Science Quarterly, 48: 557-591.
26. Casciaro, T., & Lobo, M. S. 2008. When competence is irrelevant: The role of interpersonal affect in taskrelated ties. Administrative Science Quarterly, 53: 655.
27. Caspi, A., Roberts, B. W., & Shiner, R. L. 2005. Personality development: Stability and change. In S. T. Fiske, A. E. Kazdin, & D. L. Schacter (Eds.), Annual review of psychology, 56: 453-484. Palo Alto, CA: Annual Reviews.
28. Chen, X., Ender, P. B., Mitchell, M., & Wells, C. 2007. Stata web books: Regression with Stata, regression diagnostics, UCLA: Academic Technology Services, Statistical Consulting Group.
29. Chizhik, A. W., Alexander, M. G., Chizhik, E. W., & Goodman, J. A. 2003. The rise and fall of power and prestige orders: Influence of task structure. Social Psychology Quarterly, 66: 303-317.
30. Costa, P. T., Jr., & McCrae, R. R. 1992. Revised NEO personality inventory (NEO-PI-R) and NEO fivefactor (NEO-FFI) inventory professional manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
31. DeYoung, C. G., Quilty, L. C., & Peterson, J. B. 2007. Between facets and domains: 10 aspects of the Big Five. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93: 880-896.
32. Eden, D. 1990. Pygmalion without interpersonal contrast effects: Whole groups gain from raising manager expectations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 75: 394.
33. Elliot, A. J., & Harackiewicz, J. M. 1996. Approach and avoidance achievement goals and intrinsic motivation: A mediational analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70: 461.
34. Elliot, A. J., & Thrash, T. M. 2002. Approach-avoidance motivation in personality: Approach and avoidance temperaments and goals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82: 804-818.
35. Fisek, M. H. 1991. Complex task structures and power and prestige orders. In E. J. Lawler, B. Markovsky, C. Ridgeway, & H. A. Walker (Eds.), Advances in group processes, vol. 8: 115-134. Greenwich, CT: JAI.
36. Fiske, S. 2010. Interpersonal stratification: Status, power, and subordination. In S. Fiske, G. Lindzey & D. Gilbert (Eds.), Handbook of social psychology (5th ed.): 941-982. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
37. Flynn, F. J. 2003. How much should I give and how often? The effects of generosity and frequency of favor exchange on social status and productivity. Academy of Management Journal, 46: 539-553.
38. Flynn, F. J., Reagans, R. E., Amanatullah, E. T., & Ames, D. R. 2006. Helping one's way to the top: Self-monitors achieve status by helping others and knowing who helps whom. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91: 1123-1137.
39. Fragale, A. R. 2006. The power of powerless speech: The effects of speech style and task interdependence on status conferral. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 101: 243-261.
40. Frank, R. H. 1985. Choosing the right pond: Human behavior and the quest for status. New York: Oxford University Press.
41. Fu, P. P., Tsui, A. S., Liu, J., & Li, L. 2010. Pursuit of whose happiness? Executive leaders' transformational behaviors and personal values. Administrative Science Quarterly, 55: 222.
42. Goar, C., & Sell, J. 2005. Using task definition to modify racial inequality within task groups. Sociological Quarterly, 46: 525-543.
43. Grant, A. M., Gino, F., & Hofmann, D. A. 2011. Reversing the extraverted leadership advantage: The role of employee proactivity. The Academy of Management Journal, 54: 528-550.
44. Griffin, M. A., Neal, A., & Parker, S. K. 2007. A new model of work role performance: Positive behavior in uncertain and interdependent contexts. The Academy of Management Journal, 50: 327-347.
45. Hardy, C. L., & Van Vugt, M. 2006. Nice guys finish first: The competitive altruism hypothesis. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32: 1402-1413.
46. Harrison, D. A., & Klein, K. J. 2007. What's the difference? Diversity constructs as separation, variety, or disparity in organizations. Academy of Management Review, 32: 1199-1228.
47. Hayes, A. F. 2006. A primer on multilevel modeling. Human Communication Research, 32: 385-410.
48. Higgins, E. T. 2000. Does personality provide unique explanations for behaviour? Personality as cross-person variability in general principles. European Journal of Personality, 14: 391-406.
49. Hogan, R. 1996. A socioanalytic perspective on the fivefactor model. In J. S. Wiggins (Ed.), The five-factor model of personality: 163-179. New York: Guilford.
50. Hogan, R., Curphy, G. J., & Hogan, J. 1994. What we know about leadership: Effectiveness and personality. American Psychologist, 49: 493-504.
51. Hogan, R., & Hogan, J. 1991. Personality and status. In D. G. Gilbert & J. J. Connolly (Eds.), Personality, social skills and psychopathology: An individual differences approach: 137-154. New York: Plenum.
52. Hogan, R., & Hogan, J. 2001. Assessing leadership: A view from the dark side
53. Hogan, R., Jones, W., & Cheek, J. M. 1985. Socioanalytic theory: An alternative to armadillo psychology. In B. R. Schlenker (Ed.), The self and social life: 175-198. New York: McGraw-Hill.
54. Huberman, B. A., Loch, C. H., & Onculer, A. 2004. Status as a valued resource. Social Psychology Quarterly, 67: 103-114.
55. James, L. R., & Brett, J. M. 1984. Mediators, moderators, and tests for mediation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 69: 307-321.
56. James, L. 1982. Aggregation bias in estimates of perceptual agreement. Journal of Applied Psychology, 67: 219-229.
57. James, L., Demaree, R., & Wolf, G. 1984. Estimating within- group interrater reliability with and without response bias. Journal of Applied Psychology, 69: 85-98.
58. John, O. P., & Srivastava, S. 1999. The Big Five trait taxonomy: History, measurement and theoretical perspectives. In L. A. Pervin & O. P. John (Eds.), Handbook of personality: Theory and research: 102-138. New York: Guilford.
59. Judge, T. A., & Bono, J. E. 2001. Relationship of core self-evaluations traits-Self-esteem, generalized self-efficacy, locus of control, and emotional stability- With job satisfaction and job performance: A metaanalysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86: 80-92.
60. Judge, T. A., Bono, J. E., Ilies, R., & Gerhardt, M. W. 2002a. Personality and leadership: A qualitative and quantitative review. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87: 765-780.
61. Judge, T. A., Erez, A., Bono, J. E., & Thoresen, C. J. 2002b. Are measures of self-esteem, neuroticism, locus of control, and generalized self-efficacy indicators of a common core construct? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83: 693-710.
62. Judge, T. A., Piccolo, R. F., & Kosalka, T. 2009. The bright and dark sides of leader traits: A review and theoretical extension of the leader trait paradigm. The Leadership Quarterly, 20: 855-875.
63. Jussim, L., & Harber, K. D. 2005. Teacher expectations and self-fulfilling prophecies: Knowns and unknowns, resolved and unresolved controversies. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 9: 131-155.
64. Kalkhoff, W. 2005. Collective validation in multi-actor task groups: The effects of status differentiation. Social Psychology Quarterly, 68: 57-74.
65. Keller, T. 1999. Images of the familiar: Individual differences and implicit leadership theories. Leadership Quarterly, 10: 589-607.
66. Kenny, D. A., & La Voie, L. 1984. The social relations model. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology, vol. 18: 142-182. Orlando, FL: Academic.
67. Klein, K. J., & Kozlowski, S. W. J. 2000. From micro to meso: Critical steps in conceptualizing and conducting multilevel research. Organizational Research Methods, 3: 211-236.
68. Kwan, V. S., John, O. P., Kenny, D. A., Bond, M. H., & Robins, R. W. 2004. Reconceptualizing individual differences in self-enhancement bias: An interpersonal approach. Psychological Review, 111: 94-110.
69. KylHeku, L. M., & Buss, D. M. 1996. Tactics as units of analysis in personality psychology: An illustration using tactics of hierarchy negotiation. Personality and Individual Differences, 21: 497-517.
70. Le, H., Oh, I. S., Robbins, S. B., Ilies, R., Holland, E., & Westrick, P. 2011. Too much of a good thing: Curvilinear relationships between personality traits and job performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 96: 113-133.
71. Lord, R. G., Devader, C. L., & Alliger, G. M. 1986. A meta-analysis of the relationship between personality traits and leadership perceptions: An application of validity generalization procedures. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71: 402-410.
72. Magee, J. C., & Galinsky, A. D. 2008. Social hierarchy: The self-reinforcing nature of power and status. The Academy of Management Annals, 2: 351-398.
73. Mazur, A. 1985. Biosocial model of status in face-to-face primate groups. Social Forces, 64: 377-402.
74. McClelland, D. 1987. Human motivation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
75. McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T. 1995. Positive and negative valence within the five-factor model. Journal of Research in Personality, 29: 443-460.
76. McNiel, J. M., & Fleeson, W. 2006. The causal effects of extraversion on positive affect and neuroticism on negative affect: Manipulating state extraversion and state neuroticism in an experimental approach. Journal of Research in Personality, 40: 529-550.
77. Nickerson, R. S. 1998. Confirmation bias: A ubiquitous phenomenon in many guises. Review of General Psychology, 2: 175.
78. Norem, J. K., & Cantor, N. 1986. Defensive pessimism: Harnessing anxiety as motivation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51: 1208-1217.
79. Norem, J. K., & Illingworth, K. 1993. Strategy-dependent effects of reflecting on self and tasks: Some implications of optimism and defensive pessimism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65: 822.
80. Owens, D. A., & Sutton, R. I. 2001. Status contests in meetings: Negotiating the informal order. In M. E. Turner (Ed.), Groups at work: Advances in theory and research: 299-316. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
81. Paulhus, D. L. 1998
82. Paulhus, D. L., & John, O. P. 1998. Egoistic and moralistic biases in self-perception: The interplay of self-deceptive styles with basic traits and motives. Journal of Personality, 66: 1025-1060.
83. Pettit, N. C., Yong, K., & Spataro, S. E. 2010. Holding your place: Reactions to the prospect of status gains and losses. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 46: 396-401.
84. Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. 2008. Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40: 879-891.
85. Ridgeway, C. L. 1982. Status in groups: The importance of motivation. American Sociological Review, 47: 76-88.
86. Ridgeway, C. L. 1987. Nonverbal behavior, dominance, and the basis of status in task groups. American Sociological Review, 52: 683-694.
87. Ridgeway, C. L. 1991. The social construction of status value-Gender and other nominal characteristics. Social Forces, 70: 367-386.
88. Ridgeway, C. L., & Berger, J. 1986. Expectations, legitimation, and dominance behavior in task groups. American Sociological Review, 51: 603-617.
89. Ridgeway, C. L., Boyle, E. H., Kuipers, K. J., & Robinson, D. T. 1998. How do status beliefs develop? The role of resources and interactional experience. American Sociological Review, 63: 331-350.
90. Ridgeway, C. L., & Correll, S. J. 2006. Consensus and the creation of status beliefs. Social Forces, 85: 431-453.
91. Ridgeway, C. L., Diekema, D., & Johnson, C. 1995. Legitimacy, compliance, and gender in peer groups. Social Psychology Quarterly, 58: 298-311.
92. Rusting, C. L., & Larsen, R. J. 1998. Personality and cognitive processing of affective information. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 24: 200-213.
93. Smillie, L. D., Yeo, G. B., Furnham, A. F., & Jackson, C. J. 2006. Benefits of all work and no play: The relationship between neuroticism and performance as a function of resource allocation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91: 139-155.
94. Tamir, M. 2005. Don't worry, be happy? Neuroticism, trait-consistent affect regulation, and performance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89: 449-461.
95. Tamir, M., & Robinson, M. D. 2004. Knowing good from bad: The paradox of neuroticism, negative affect, and evaluative processing. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 87: 913-925.
96. Thibaut, J. W., & Kelly, H. H. 1959. The social psychology of groups. New York: Wiley.
97. Warner, R. M., Kenny, D. A., & Stoto, M. 1979. A new round robin analysis of variance for social interaction data. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37: 1742-1757.
98. Weber, M. 1946. Class, status, party. In H. H. Gerth & C. W. Mills (Eds.), From Max Weber: Essays in sociology: 180-195. New York: Oxford University Press.
99. Wiggens, J. S. 1968. Personality structure. In P. R. Farnsworth, M. R. Rosenzweig, & J. T. Polelka (Eds.), Annual review of psychology, vol. 19: 293-350.
100. Palo Alto, CA: Annual Reviews. Wiggins, J. S., & Trapnell, P. D. 1996. A dyadic-interactional perspective on the five-factor model. In J. S. Wiggins (Ed.), The five-factor model of personality: Theoretical perspectives: 88-162. New York: Guilford.
101. Willer, R. 2009. Groups reward individual sacrifice: The status solution to the collective action problem. American Sociological Review, 74: 23-43.
102. Winter, D. 1973. The power motive. New York: Free Press.
103. Wolfe, R. N., Lennox, R. D., & Cutler, B. L. 1986. Getting along and getting ahead: Empirical support for a theory of protective and acquisitive self-presentation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50: 356-361.