The legitimation and delegitimation of power and prestige orders

American Sociological Review

Volumn 63, Issue 3, 1998, Pages 379-405

  Berger, Joseph ^a,b,c   Hamit Fisek, M ^a   Ridgeway, Cecilia L ^a   Norman, Robert Z ^a  

^a STANFORD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b BOGAZICI UNIVERSITY   (Turkey)

^c DARTMOUTH COLLEGE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0000729898     PISSN: 00031224     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/2657555     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. Berger, Joseph, M. Hamit Fisek, and Robert Z. Norman. 1989. "The Evolution of Status Expectations: A Theoretical Extension. Pp. 1 GO30 in Sociological Theories in Progress: New Formulations, edited by J. Berger, M. Zelditch, Jr., and B. Anderson. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
2. Berger, Joseph, M. Hamit Fisek, Robert Z. Norman, and David G. Wagner. 1983. "The Formation of Reward Expectations in Status Situations. Pp. 127-28 in Equity Theory: Psychological and Sociological Perspectives, edited by D. Messick and K. Cook. New York: Praeger.
3. 1985. "The Formation of Reward Expectations in Status Situations. Pp. 215-16 in Sta-tus, Rewards, and Influence: How Expectations Organize Behavior, edited by J. Berger and M. Zelditch, San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
4. Berger, Joseph, M. Hamit Fisek, Robert Z. Norman, and Morris Zelditch, 1977. Status Characteristics in Social Interaction: An Expectation States Approach. New York: Elsevier.
5. Berger, Joseph and Morris Zelditch. 1993. "Notes on a Theory of Institutionalization." Department of Sociology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA. Unpublished memorandum.
6. Berger, Joseph, Morris Zelditch, Jr., Bo Anderson, and Bernard P. Cohen. 1972. "Structural Aspects of Distributive Justice: A Status Value
7. Formulation. Pp. 119-46 in Sociological Theories in Progress, vol. 2, edited by J. Berger, M. Zelditch, Jr., and B. Anderson. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin.
8. Berger, Peter L., Brigitte Berger, and Hansfried Kellner. 1973. The Homeless Mind. New York: Vintage.
9. Berger, Peter L. and Thomas Luckman. 1967. The Social Construction of Reality. New York: Doubleday.
10. Burke, Peter J. 1968. "Role Differentiation and the Legitimation of Task Activity." Sociometry 31:404-11.
11. Butler, Dore and Florence L. Geis. 1990. "Nonverbal Affect Responses to Male and Female Leaders: Implications for Leadership Evaluations." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 58:48-59.
12. Carli, Linda L. 1991. "Gender, Status, and Influence. Pp. 89-113 in Advances in Group Processes, vol. 8, edited by E. Lawler, B. Markovsky, C. Ridgeway, and H. Walker. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
13. Deaux, Kay and Mary Kite. 1987. "Thinking about Gender. Pp. 92-117 in Analyzing Gender: A Handbook of Social Science Research, edited by B. Hess and M. Ferrée. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
14. Delia Fave, L. Richard. 1980. "The Meek Shall Not Inherit the Earth." American Sociological Review 45:955-71.
15. Dornbusch, Sanford M. and W. Richard Scott. 1975. Evaluations and the Exercise of Authority. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
16. Dovidio, John F. and Samuel L. Gaertner. 1986. "Prejudice, Discrimination, and Racism: Historical Trends and Contemporary Approaches. Pp. 1-34 in Prejudice, Discrimination, and Racism, edited by J. Dovidio and S. Gaertner. Orlando, FL: Academic Press.
17. Driskell, James, E. Beckett Olmstead, and Eduardo Salas. 1992. "Task Cues, Dominance Cues, and Influence in Task Groups." Journal of Applied Psychology 78:51-60.
18. Eagly, Alice. 1987. Sex Differences in Social Behavior: A Social-Role Interpretation. Hillsdale, NJ: Earlbaum.
19. Eagly, Alice H., Mona G. Makhijani, and Bruce G. Klonsky. 1992. "Gender and the Evaluation of Leaders: A Meta-Analysis." Psychological Bulletin 111:915-28.
20. Ellyson, Steve L., John F. Dovidio, and Clifford E. Brown. 1992. "The Look of Power: Gender Differences and Similarities. Pp. 50-80 in Gender, Interaction, and Inequality, edited by C. Ridgeway. New York: Springer-Verlag.
21. Eskilson, Arlene and Mary Glenn Wiley. 1976. "Sex Composition and Leadership in Groups." Sociometry 39:183-94.
22. Fennell, Mary L., Patricia Barchas, Elizabeth G. Cohen, Anne M. McMahon, and Polly Hildebrand. 1978. "An Alternative Perspective on Sex Differences in Organizational Settings: The Process of Legitimation." Sex Roles 4:589-604.
23. Festinger, Leon. 1950. "Informal Social Communication. Pp. 3-17 in Theory and Experiment in Social Communication, edited by L. Festinger, K. Back, S. Schachter, H. H. Kelly, and J. Thibaut. Ann Arbor, MI: Research Center for Group Dynamics, Institute of Social Research, University of Michigan.
24. Fisek, M. Hamit, Joseph Berger, and Robert Z. Norman. 1995. "Evaluations and the Formation of Expectations." American Journal of Sociology 101:721-46.
25. Garfinkel, Harold. 1956. "Conditions of Successful Degradation Ceremonies." American Journal of Sociology 61:240-44.
26. Habermas, Jürgen. 1975. Legitimation Crisis. Boston, MA: Beacon Press.
27. Hamblin, Robert L. 1958. "Leadership and Crises." Sociometiy 21:322-35.
28. Humphreys, Paul and Joseph Berger. 1981. "Theoretical Consequences of the Status Characteristics Formulation." American Journal of Sociology 86:953-83.
29. Kuokkanen, Martti. 1993. "An Axiomatization of Status Characteristics Theory." Social Science Research 22:391-414.
30. Markovsky, Barry, Leroy Smith, and Joseph Berger. 1984. "Do Status Interventions Persist?" American Sociological Review 49:37382.
31. Meeker, B. F. and P. A. Weitzel-O'Neill. 1977. "Sex Roles and Interpersonal Behavior in Task Oriented Groups." American Sociological Review 42:92-105.
32. Michener, H. Andrew and Martha Burt. 1975. "Components of 'Authority' as Determinants of Compliance." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 31:606-14.
33. Nelson-Kilger, Max. 1992. "Status Gains and Status Losses." Ph.D. thesis, Department of Sociology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA.
34. Powell, Walter W. and Paul J. DiMaggio, eds. 1991. The New Institutionalization in Organizational Analysis. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
35. Ridgeway, Cecilia L. 1982. "Status in Groups: the Importance of Motivation." American Sociological Review 47:76-88.
36. 1984. "Dominance, Performance, and Status in Groups. Pp. 59-93 in Advances in Group Processes, vol. 1, edited by E. J. Lawler. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
37. 1987. "Nonverbal Behavior, Dominance, and the Basis of Status in Task Groups." American Sociological Review 52:683-94.
38. 1989. "Understanding Legitimation in In-formal Status Orders. Pp. 131-59. in Sociological Theories in Progress: New Formulations, edited by J. Berger, M. Zelditch, and B. Anderson. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
39. 1997. "Interaction and the Conservation of Gender Inequality." American Sociological Review 62:218-35.
40. Ridgeway, Cecilia L. and Joseph Berger. 1986. "Expectations, Legitimation, and Dominance Behavior in Task Groups." American Sociological Review 51:603-17.
41. 1988. "The Legitimation of Power and Prestige Orders in Task Groups. Pp. 207-31 in Status Generalization: New Theory and Research, edited by M. Webster, and M. Foschi. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
42. Ridgeway, Cecilia L. and David Diekma. 1989. "Dominance and Collective Hierarchy Formation." American Sociological Review 54:7993.
43. Ridgeway, Cecilia L., Cathryn Johnson, and David Diekema. 1994. "External Status, Legitimacy, and Compliance in Male and Female Groups." Social Forces 72:1051-77.
44. Scott, W. Richard. 1995. Institutions and Organizations. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
45. Shackelford, Susan, Wendy Wood, and Stephen Worchel. 1996. "Behavioral Styles and the Influence of Women in Mixed-Sex Groups." Social Psychology Quarterly 59:284-93.
46. Skvoretz, John and Thomas J. Fararo. 1996. "Status and Participation in Task Groups: A Dynamic Network Model." American Journal of Sociology 101:1366-1414.
47. Speier, Hans. 1989. "Honor and Social Structure. Pp. 50-69 in The Truth in Hell and Other Essays on Politics and Culture 1935-1987, edited by H. Speier. New York: Oxford University Press.
48. Stinchcombe, Arthur L. 1968. Constructing Social Realities. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
49. Stollte, John F. 1983. "The Legitimation of Structural Inequality: Reformulation and Test of the Self-Evaluation Argument." American Socio-logical Review 48:331-42.
50. Thomas, George M., Henry A. Walker, and Morris Zelditch. 1986. "Legitimacy and Collective Action." Social Forces 65:378-404.
51. Wagner, David G. and Joseph Berger. 1997. "Gender and Interpersonal Task Behaviors: Status Expectations Accounts." Sociological Perspectives 40:1-32.
52. Walker, Henry A., George M. Thomas, and Morris Zelditch, 1986. "Legitimation, Endorsement, and Stability." Social Forces 64:620-43.
53. Walker, Henry A. and Morris Zelditch, 1993. "Power, Legitimacy and Stability of Authority: A Theoretical Research Program. Pp. 364-81 in Theoretical Research Programs: Studies in the Growth of Theory, edited by J. Berger and M. Zelditch, Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
54. Werner, P. D. and G. W. LaRussa. 1985. "Persistence and Change in Sex-Role Stereotypes." Sex Roles 12:1089-1100.
55. Weber, Max. [1918] 1968. Economy and Society. Edited by G. Roth and C. Wittich. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
56. Webster, Murray, and Martha Foschi. 1988. Status Generalization: New Theory and Research. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
57. Zelditch, Morris, and Henry A. Walker. 1984. "Legitimacy and the Stability of Authority. Pp. 1-27 in Advances in Group Processes, vol. 1, edited by E. J. Lawler. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
58. Zelditch, Morris, and Anthony S. Floyd. Forthcoming. "Consensus, Dissensus, and Justification." In Status, Power and Legitimacy, edited by J. Berger and M. Zelditch, New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction.
59. Zucker, Lynne G. 1987. "Institutional Theories of Organizations." Annual Review of Sociology 13:443-64.
60. 1991. "The Role of Institutionalization in Cultural Persistence. Pp. 83-107 in The New Institutionalism in Organizational Analysis, edited by W. Powell and P. DiMaggio. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.