Bioluminescence imaging: A Shining future for cardiac regeneration

Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine

Volumn 17, Issue 6, 2013, Pages 693-703

  Roura, Santiago ^a   Gálvez Montón, Carolina ^a   Bayes Genis, Antoni ^a,b,c  

^a FUNDACIÓ INSTITUT D INVESTIGACIÓ EN CIÈNCIES DE LA SALUT GERMANS TRIAS I PUJOL   (Spain)

^b HOSPITAL UNIVERSITARI GERMANS TRIAS I PUJOL   (Spain)

^c UNIVERSITAT AUTÒNOMA DE BARCELONA   (Spain)

Author keywords

Bioanalysis; Bioluminescence; Cardiac regeneration; Cell monitoring; Luciferase; Photoprotein

Indexed keywords

AEQUORIN; GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN; LUCIFERASE; LUMINESCENT AGENT;

ANIMAL; CHEMISTRY; FORECASTING; GENETICS; HEART; HISTORY; HUMAN; ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION; LUMINESCENCE; METHODOLOGY; MOLECULAR IMAGING; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; PHYSIOLOGY; REGENERATION; REPORTER GENE; REVIEW;

AEQUORIN; ANIMALS; FORECASTING; GENES, REPORTER; GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEINS; HEART; HISTORY, 20TH CENTURY; HISTORY, 21ST CENTURY; HUMANS; LUCIFERASES; LUMINESCENT AGENTS; LUMINESCENT MEASUREMENTS; MOLECULAR IMAGING; PHOTOCHEMICAL PROCESSES; REGENERATION;

AEQUOREA VICTORIA; ANIMALIA;

EID: 84879483102     PISSN: 15821838     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12018     Document Type: Review

References (133)

1. Hosseinkhani S. Molecular enigma of multicolor bioluminescence of firefly luciferase. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2011; 68: 1167-82.
2. Herring PJ. How to survive in the dark: bioluminescence in the deep sea. Symp Soc Exp Biol. 1985; 39: 323-50.
3. Widder EA. Bioluminescence in the ocean: origins of biological, chemical, and ecological diversity. Science. 2010; 328: 704-8.
4. Hastings JW. Biological diversity, chemical mechanisms, and the evolutionary origins of bioluminescent systems. J Mol Evol. 1983; 19: 309-21.
5. Olivetti G, Capasso JM, Meggs LG, et al. Cellular basis of chronic ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction in rats. Circ Res. 1991; 68: 856-69.
6. Orlic D, Kajstura J, Chimenti S, et al. Bone marrow cells regenerate infarcted myocardium. Nature. 2001; 410: 701-5.
7. Genovese J, Cortes-Morichetti M, Chachques E, et al. Cell based approaches for myocardial regeneration and artificial myocardium. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther. 2007; 2: 121-7.
8. Chachques JC. Cardiomyoplasty: is it still a viable option in patients with end-stage heart failure? Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2009; 35: 201-3.
9. Bayes-Genis A, Soler-Botija C, Farré J, et al. Human progenitor cells derived from cardiac adipose tissue ameliorate myocardial infarction in rodents. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2010; 49: 771-80.
10. Bara C, Ghodsizad A, Niehaus M, et al. in vivo echocardiographic imaging of transplanted human adult stem cells in the myocardium labeled with clinically applicable CliniMACS nanoparticles. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2006; 19: 563-8.
11. Ebert SN, Taylor DG, Nguyen HL, et al. Noninvasive tracking of cardiac embryonic stem cells in vivo using magnetic resonance imaging techniques. Stem Cells. 2007; 25: 2936-44.
12. Hinds KA, Hill JM, Shapiro EM, et al. Highly efficient endosomal labeling of progenitor and stem cells with large magnetic particles allows magnetic resonance imaging of single cells. Blood. 2003; 102: 867-72.
13. Rogers WJ, Meyer CH, Kramer CM. Technology insight: in vivo cell tracking by use of MRI. Nat Clin Pract Cardiovasc Med. 2006; 3: 554-62.
14. Wu JC, Chen IY, Sundaresan G, et al. Molecular imaging of cardiac cell transplantation in living animals using optical bioluminescence and positron emission tomography. Circulation. 2003; 108: 1302-5.
15. Doyle TC, Burns SM, Contag CH. in vivo bioluminescence imaging for integrated studies of infection. Cell Microbiol. 2004; 6: 303-17.
16. Harvey EN. Bioluminescence. New York, NY: Academic Press; 1952.
17. Harvey EN. A history of luminescence. From the earliest times until 1900. Philadelphia: The American Philosophical Society; 1957. pp. 692.
18. Shimomura O, Johnson FH, Saiga Y. Extraction, purification and properties of aequorin, a bioluminescent protein from the luminous hydromedusan. Aequorea. J Cell Comp Physiol. 1962; 59: 223-9.
19. Shimomura O, Johnson FH, Saiga Y. Further data on the bioluminescent protein, aequorin. J Cell Physiol. 1963; 62: 1-8.
20. Shimomura O. The discovery of aequorin and green fluorescent protein. J Microsc. 2005; 217: 1-15.
21. Shimomura O, Johnson FH. Calcium binding, quantum yield, and emitting molecule in aequorin bioluminescence. Nature. 1970; 227: 1356-7.
22. Shimomura O, Johnson FH. Chaetopterus photoprotein: crystallization and cofactor requirements for bioluminescence. Science. 1968; 159: 1239-40.
23. Shimomura O, Johnson FH. The structure of Latia luciferin. Biochemistry. 1968; 7: 1734-8.
24. Shimomura O, Johnson FH. Purification and properties of the luciferase and of a protein cofactor in the bioluminescence system of Latia neritoides. Biochemistry. 1968; 7: 2574-80.
25. Shimomura O, Johnson FH. Light-emitting molecule in a new photoprotein type of luminescence system from the euphausid shrimp Meganyctiphanes norvegica. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1968; 59: 475-7.
26. Shimomura O, Johnson FH, Masugi T. Cypridina bioluminescence: light-emitting oxyluciferin-luciferase complex. Science. 1969; 164: 1299-300.
27. Wilson T, Hastings JW. Bioluminescence. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. 1998; 14: 197-230.
28. Ohmiya Y, Hirano T. Shining the light: the mechanism of the bioluminescence reaction of calcium-binding photoproteins. Chem Biol. 1996; 3: 337-47.
29. Shimomura O. Bioluminescence in the sea: photoprotein systems. Symp Soc Exp Biol. 1985; 39: 351-72.
30. McElroy WD, Seliger HH. Biological luminescence: a remarkable variety of organisms from bacteria to fishes shine by their own light. Sci Am. 1962; 207: 76-91.
31. Marques SM, Esteves da Silva JC. Firefly bioluminescence: a mechanistic approach of luciferase catalyzed reactions. IUBMB Life. 2009; 61: 6-17.
32. Naumov P, Ozawa Y, Ohkubo K, et al. Structure and spectroscopy of oxyluciferin, the light emitter of the firefly bioluminescence. J Am Chem Soc. 2009; 131: 11590-605.
33. Maghami P, Ranjbar B, Hosseinkhani S, et al. Relationship between stability and bioluminescence color of firefly luciferase. Photochem Photobiol Sci. 2010; 9: 376-83.
34. Nakatsu T, Ichiyama S, Hiratake J, et al. Structural basis for the spectral difference in luciferase bioluminescence. Nature. 2006; 440: 372-6.
35. McCapra F, Chang Y. The chemiluminescence of a Cypridina lucifern analogue. Chem Commun. 1967; 1967: 1011-2.
36. Bulich AA, Isenberg DL. Use of the luminescent bacterial system for the rapid assessment of aquatic toxicity. ISA Trans. 1981; 20: 29-33.
37. Prasher DC, Eckenrode VK, Ward WW, et al. Primary structure of the Aequorea victoria green-fluorescent protein. Gene. 1992; 111: 229-33.
38. Viviani VR, Yoshihiro Ohmiya Y. Beetle luciferases: colorful lights on biological processes and diseases. In: Daunert S, Deo SK, editors. Photoproteins in bioanalysis. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH; 2006. pp. 49-63.
39. Scott D, Dikici E, Ensor M, et al. Bioluminescence and its impact on bioanalysis. Annu Rev Anal Chem (Palo Alto Calif). 2011; 4: 297-319.
40. Blinks JR, Prendergast FG, Allen DG. Photoproteins as biological calcium indicators. Pharmacol Rev. 1976; 28: 1-93.
41. 2+ in cells. Amsterdam: Elsevier/North-Holland; 1979. pp. 13-72.
42. 2+-activated photoprotein obelin from apo-obelin and mRNA inside human neutrophils. Biochem J. 1998; 252: 143-9.
43. Brovko LY, Romanova NA, Ugarova NN. Bioluminescent assay of bacterial intracellular AMP, ADP, and ATP with the use of a coimmobilized three-enzyme reagent (adenylate kinase, pyruvate kinase, and firefly luciferase). Anal Biochem. 1994; 220: 410-4.
44. Ito K, Nakagawa K, Murakami S, et al. Highly sensitive simultaneous bioluminescent measurement of acetate kinase and pyruvate phosphate dikinase activities using a firefly luciferase-luciferin reaction and its application to a tandem bioluminescent enzyme immunoassay. Anal Sci. 2003; 19: 105-9.
45. Maeda M. Determination of biological substances using bioluminescent reaction based on luciferin-luciferase. Rinsho Byori. 2004; 52: 595-603.
46. Blum LJ, Coulet PR. Bioluminescent determination of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide with immobilized bacterial luciferase and flavin mononucleotide oxidoreductase on collagen film. Anal Chim Acta. 1984; 161: 355-8.
47. Lane DA, Nadeau D. Determination of pyridine nucleotide contents of cell monolayers by bioluminescence. J Biochem Biophys Methods. 1988; 17: 107-17.
48. Quickenden TI, Cooper PD. Increasing the specificity of the forensic luminol test for blood. Luminescence. 2001; 16: 251-3.
49. Nakamura M, Mie M, Funabashi H, et al. Cell-surface-localized ATP detection with immobilized firefly luciferase. Anal Biochem. 2006; 352: 61-7.
50. Fan F, Wood KV. Bioluminescent assays for high-throughput screening. Assay Drug Dev Technol. 2007; 5: 127-36.
51. Matz MV, Lukyanov KA, Lukyanov SA. Family of the green fluorescent protein: journey to the end of the rainbow. BioEssays. 2002; 24: 953-9.
52. Labas YA, Gurskaya NG, Yanushevich YG, et al. Diversity and evolution of the green fluorescent protein family. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2002; 99: 4256-61.
53. Stepanenko OV, Stepanenko OV, Shcherbakova DM, et al. Modern fluorescent proteins: from chromophore formation to novel intracellular applications. Biotechniques. 2011;51: 313-4, 6, 8 passim.
54. Miyawaki A. Proteins on the move: insights gained from fluorescent protein technologies. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2011; 12: 656-68.
55. Naylor LH. Reporter gene technology: the future looks bright. Biochem Pharmacol. 1999; 58: 749-57.
56. Nakamizo A, Marini F, Amano T, et al. Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of gliomas. Cancer Res. 2005; 65: 3307-18.
57. Petushkov VN, Gibson BG, Lee J. Direct measurement of excitation transfer in the protein complex of bacterial luciferase hydroxyflavin and the associated yellow fluorescence proteins from Vibrio fischeri Y1. Biochemistry. 1996; 35: 8413-8.
58. 2+ dynamics with genetically encoded bioluminescent reporters. Eur J Neurosci. 2005; 21: 597-610.
59. Naumann EA, Kampff AR, Prober DA, et al. Monitoring neural activity with bioluminescence during natural behavior. Nat Neurosci. 2010; 13: 513-20.
60. Drobac E, Tricoire L, Chaffotte AF, et al. Calcium imaging in single neurons from brain slices using bioluminescent reporters. J Neurosci Res. 2010; 88: 695-711.
61. 2+ reporters in single cells and mice. PLoS ONE. 2011; 6: e19520.
62. Olenych SG, Claxton NS, Ottenberg GK, et al. The fluorescent protein color palette. Curr Protoc Cell Biol. 2007; 21: 21-5.
63. Clegg RM. The history of FRET. In: Geddes CD, Lakowicz JR, editors. Reviews in fluorescence, Vol. 3, Chap. 1. New York: Springer; 2006. pp. 1-45.
64. Sun Y, Wallrabe H, Seo SA, et al. FRET microscopy in 2010: the legacy of Theodor Förster on the 100th anniversary of his birth. ChemPhysChem. 2011; 12: 462-74.
65. Oshiro M. Cooled CCD versus intensified cameras for low-light video-applications and relative advantages. Methods Cell Biol. 1998; 56: 45-62.
66. Festing MF. The design and statistical analysis of animal experiments. ILAR J. 2002; 43: 191-3.
67. Benaron DA, Cheong WF, Stevenson DK. Tissue optics. Science. 1997; 276: 2002-3.
68. Contag CH, Contag PR, Mullins JI, et al. Photonic detection of bacterial pathogens in living hosts. Mol Microbiol. 1995; 18: 593-603.
69. Contag CH, Spilman SD, Contag PR, et al. Visualizing gene expression in living mammals using a bioluminescent reporter. Photochem Photobiol. 1997; 66: 523-31.
70. Sweeney TJ, Mailänder V, Tucker AA, et al. Visualizing the kinetics of tumor-cell clearance in living animals. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1999; 96: 12044-9.
71. El Hilali N, Rubio N, Martinez-Villacampa M, et al. Combined noninvasive imaging and luminometric quantification of luciferase-labeled human prostate tumors and metastases. Lab Invest. 2002; 82: 1563-71.
72. Vilalta M, Dégano IR, Bagó J, et al. Human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells as vehicles for tumor bystander effect: a model based on bioluminescence imaging. Gene Ther. 2009; 16: 547-57.
73. Liu J, O'Kane DJ, Escher A. Secretion of functional Renilla reniformis luciferase by mammalian cells. Gene. 1997; 203: 141-8.
74. Shah K, Bureau E, Kim DE, et al. Glioma therapy and real-time imaging of neural precursor cell migration and tumor regression. Ann Neurol. 2005; 57: 34-41.
75. Vilalta M, Jorgensen C, Dégano IR, et al. Dual luciferase labelling for non-invasive bioluminescence imaging of mesenchymal stromal cell chondrogenic differentiation in demineralized bone matrix scaffolds. Biomaterials. 2009; 30: 4986-95.
76. Lang T, Goyard S, Lebastard M, et al. Bioluminescent Leishmania expressing luciferase for rapid and high throughput screening of drugs acting on amastigote-harbouring macrophages and for quantitative real-time monitoring of parasitism features in living mice. Cell Microbiol. 2005; 7: 383-92.
77. Francis KP, Joh D, Bellinger-Kawahara C, et al. Monitoring bioluminescent Staphylococcus aureus infections in living mice using a novel luxABCDE construct. Infect Immun. 2000; 68: 3594-600.
78. Brock M, Jouvion G, Droin-Bergère S, et al. Bioluminescent Aspergillus fumigatus, a new tool for drug efficiency testing and in vivo monitoring of invasive aspergillosis. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2008; 74: 7023-35.
79. Stathopoulos GT, Sherrill TP, Han W, et al. Use of bioluminescent imaging to investigate the role of nuclear factor-kappaBeta in experimental non-small cell lung cancer metastasis. Clin Exp Metastasis. 2008; 25: 43-51.
80. Contag CH, Jenkins D, Contag PR, et al. Use of reporter genes for optical measurements of neoplastic disease in vivo. Neoplasia. 2000; 2: 41-52.
81. Akins EJ, Dubey P. Noninvasive imaging of cell-mediated therapy for treatment of cancer. J Nucl Med. 2008; 49: 180S-95S.
82. Weissleder R, Pittet MJ. Imaging in the era of molecular oncology. Nature. 2008; 452: 580-9.
83. O'Connell-Rodwell CE, Mackanos MA, Simanovskii D, et al. in vivo analysis of heat-shock-protein-70 induction following pulsed laser irradiation in a transgenic reporter mouse. J Biomed Opt. 2008; 13: 030501.
84. Bengel FM, Schachinger V, Dimmeler S. Cell-based therapies and imaging in cardiology. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2005; 32: S404-16.
85. Zhang WY, Ebert AD, Narula J, et al. Imaging cardiac stem cell therapy: translations to human clinical studies. J Cardiovasc Transl Res. 2011; 4: 514-22.
86. Wu JC, Yla-Herttuala S. Human gene therapy and imaging: cardiology. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2005; 32: S346-57.
87. Choy G, O'Connor S, Diehn FE, et al. Comparison of noninvasive fluorescent and bioluminescent small animal optical imaging. Biotechniques. 2003;35: 1022-6, 1028-30.
88. Penet MF, Mikhaylova M, Li C, et al. Applications of molecular MRI and optical imaging in cancer. Future Med Chem. 2010; 2: 975-88.
89. Huang NF, Okogbaa J, Babakhanyan A, et al. Bioluminescence imaging of stem cell-based therapeutics for vascular regeneration. Theranostics. 2012; 2: 346-54.
90. Assmus B, Honold J, Schächinger V, et al. Transcoronary transplantation of progenitor cells after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 2006; 355: 1222-32.
91. Janssens S, Dubois C, Bogaert J, et al. Autologous bone marrow-derived stem-cell transfer in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: double-blind, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2006; 367: 113-21.
92. Lunde K, Solheim S, Aakhus S, et al. Intracoronary injection of mononuclear bone marrow cells in acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 2006; 355: 1199-209.
93. Schachinger V, Erbs S, Elsässer A, et al. Intracoronary bone marrow-derived progenitor cells in acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 2006; 355: 1210-21.
94. Povsic TJ, O'Connor CM, Henry T, et al. A double-blind, randomized, controlled, multicenter study to assess the safety and cardiovascular effects of skeletal myoblast implantation by catheter delivery in patients with chronic heart failure after myocardial infarction. Am Heart J. 2011; 162: 654-62.e1.
95. Amado LC, Saliaris AP, Schuleri KH, et al. Cardiac repair with intramyocardial injection of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells after myocardial infarction. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2005; 102: 11474-9.
96. Chachques JC, Trainini JC, Lago N, et al. A myocardial assistance by grafting a new bioartificial upgraded myocardium (MAGNUM trial): clinical feasibility study. Ann Thorac Surg. 2008; 85: 901-8.
97. Cao YA, Bachmann MH, Beilhack A, et al. Molecular imaging using labeled donor tissues reveals patterns of engraftment, rejection, and survival in transplantation. Transplantation. 2005; 80: 134-9.
98. Cao F, Lin S, Xie X, et al. in vivo visualization of embryonic stem cell survival, proliferation, and migration after cardiac delivery. Circulation. 2006; 113: 1005-14.
99. van der Bogt KE, Schrepfer S, Yu J, et al. Comparison of transplantation of adipose tissue- and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in the infarcted heart. Transplantation. 2009; 87: 642-52.
100. Bai X, Yan Y, Song YH, et al. Both cultured and freshly isolated adipose tissue-derived stem cells enhance cardiac function after acute myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J. 2010; 31: 489-501.
101. Bai X, Yan Y, Coleman M, et al. Tracking long-term survival of intramyocardially delivered human adipose tissue-derived stem cells using bioluminescence imaging. Mol Imaging Biol. 2011; 13: 633-45.
102. Hung TC, Suzuki Y, Urashima T, et al. Multimodality evaluation of the viability of stem cells delivered into different zones of myocardial infarction. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2008; 1: 6-13.
103. Hill KL, Obrtlikova P, Alvarez DF, et al. Human embryonic stem cell-derived vascular progenitor cells capable of endothelial and smooth muscle cell function. Exp Hematol. 2010; 38: 246-57.
104. Wilber A, Linehan JL, Tian X, et al. Efficient and stable transgene expression in human embryonic stem cells using transposon-mediated gene transfer. Stem Cells. 2007; 25: 2919-27.
105. Xiong Q, Hill KL, Li Q, et al. A fibrin patch-based enhanced delivery of human embryonic stem cell-derived vascular cell transplantation in a porcine model of postinfarction left ventricular remodeling. Stem Cells. 2011; 29: 367-75.
106. Soler-Botija C, Bagó JR, Bayes-Genis A. Birds-eye view on cell therapy and tissue engineering for cardiac regeneration. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2012; 1254: 57-65.
107. Kammili RK, Taylor DG, Xia J, et al. Generation of novel reporter stem cells and their application for molecular imaging of cardiac-differentiated stem cells in vivo. Stem Cells Dev. 2010; 19: 1437-48.
108. Dai B, Huang W, Xu M, et al. Reduced collagen deposition in infarcted myocardium facilitates induced pluripotent stem cell engraftment and angiomyogenesis for improvement of left ventricular function. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011; 58: 2118-27.
109. Hansson EM, Lindsay ME, Chien KR. Regeneration next: toward heart stem cell therapeutics. Cell Stem Cell. 2009; 5: 364-77.
110. Sekine H, Shimizu T, Dobashi I, et al. Cardiac cell sheet transplantation improves damaged heart function via superior cell survival in comparison with dissociated cell injection. Tissue Eng Part A. 2011; 17: 2973-80.
111. Naderi H, Matin MM, Bahrami AR. Review paper: critical issues in tissue engineering: biomaterials, cell sources, angiogenesis, and drug delivery systems. J Biomater Appl. 2011; 26: 383-417.
112. Ptaszek LM, Mansour M, Ruskin JN, et al. Towards regenerative therapy for cardiac disease. Lancet. 2012; 379: 933-42.
113. Drexler H, Hornig B. Endothelial dysfunction in human disease. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 1999; 31: 51-60.
114. Christoforou N, Oskouei BN, Esteso P, et al. Implantation of mouse embryonic stem cell-derived cardiac progenitor cells preserves function of infarcted murine hearts. PLoS ONE. 2010; 5: e11536.
115. Zhang N, Fang Z, Contag PR, et al. Tracking angiogenesis induced by skin wounding and contact hypersensitivity using a Vegfr2-luciferase transgenic mouse. Blood. 2004; 103: 617-26.
116. Oswald J, Boxberger S, Jørgensen B, et al. Mesenchymal stem cells can be differentiated into endothelial cells in vitro. Stem Cells. 2004; 22: 377-84.
117. Schmeckpeper J, Ikeda Y, Kumar AH, et al. Lentiviral tracking of vascular differentiation in bone marrow progenitor cells. Differentiation. 2009; 78: 169-76.
118. Heydarkhan-Hagvall S, Schenke-Layland K, Yang JQ, et al. Human adipose stem cells: a potential cell source for cardiovascular tissue engineering. Cells Tissues Organs. 2008; 187: 263-74.
119. Roura S, Pujal JM, Bayes-Genis A. Umbilical cord blood for cardiovascular cell therapy: from promise to fact. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2012; 1254: 66-70.
120. Gluckman E. Milestones in umbilical cord blood transplantation. Blood Rev. 2011; 25: 255-9.
121. Roura S, Bagó JR, Soler-Botija C, et al. Human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells promote vascular growth in vivo. PLoS ONE. 2012; 7: e49447.
122. Detante O, Valable S, de Fraipont F, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging and fluorescence labeling of clinical-grade mesenchymal stem cells without impacting their phenotype: study in a rat model of stroke. Stem Cells Transl Med. 2012; 1: 333-41.
123. Haddock SH, Moline MA, Case JF. Bioluminescence in the sea. Ann Rev Mar Sci. 2010; 2: 443-93.
124. Weissleder R, Ross BD, Rehemtulla A., et al. Molecular imaging: principles and practice. Shelton: PMPH-USA Limited; 2010.
125. Ranganath SH, Levy O, Inamdar MS, et al. Harnessing the mesenchymal stem cell secretome for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Cell Stem Cell. 2012; 10: 244-58.
126. Ward WW. Biochemical and physical properties of green fluorescent protein. In: Chalfie M, Kain S, editors. Green fluorescent protein. New York: Wiley-Liss; 1998. pp. 45-75.
127. Dedkova EN, Blatter LA. Measuring mitochondrial function in intact cardiac myocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2012; 52: 48-61.
128. Malikova NP, Stepanyuk GA, Frank LA, et al. Spectral tuning of obelin bioluminescence by mutations of Trp92. FEBS Lett. 2003; 554: 184-8.
129. Branchini BR, Southworth TL, Khattak NF, et al. Red- and green-emitting firefly luciferase mutants for bioluminescent reporter applications. Anal Biochem. 2005; 345: 140-8.
130. Fujii H, Noda K, Asami Y, et al. Increase in bioluminescence intensity of firefly luciferase using genetic modification. Anal Biochem. 2007; 366: 131-6.
131. Kajiyama N, Nakano E. Thermostabilization of firefly luciferase by a single amino acid substitution at position 217. Biochemistry. 1993; 32: 13795-9.
132. Thompson JF, Geoghegan KF, Lloyd DB, et al. Mutation of a protease-sensitive region in firefly luciferase alters light emission properties. J Biol Chem. 1997; 272: 18766-71.
133. Hirokawa K, Kajiyama N, Murakami S. Improved practical usefulness of firefly luciferase by gene chimerization and random mutagenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2002; 1597: 271-9.