Inverted ITO- and PEDOT:PSS-free polymer solar cells with high power conversion efficiency

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Volumn 117, Issue , 2013, Pages 98-102

  Kohlstädt, Markus ^a,b   Grein, Maria ^b   Reinecke, Patrick ^a,b   Kroyer, Thomas ^b   Zimmermann, Birger ^b   Würfel, Uli ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF FREIBURG   (Germany)

^b FRAUNHOFER INSTITUTE FOR SOLAR ENERGY SYSTEMS ISE   (Germany)

Author keywords

Inverted; ITO free; Organic solar cell; PEDOT:PSS free; PTB7; Thin metal layer

Indexed keywords

INVERTED; ITO-FREE; ORGANIC SOLAR CELL; PEDOT:PSS; PTB7; THIN METAL LAYERS;

CONDUCTING POLYMERS; CONVERSION EFFICIENCY; ELECTRODES; HETEROJUNCTIONS; OPTICAL FILMS; TIN OXIDES;

SOLAR CELLS;

EID: 84879301102     PISSN: 09270248     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2013.05.023     Document Type: Article

References (72)

1. J. You, L. Dou, K. Yoshimura, T. Kato, K. Ohya, T. Moriarty, K. Emery, C.-C. Chen, J. Gao, G. Li, and Y. Yang A polymer tandem solar cell with 10.6% power conversion efficiency Nature Communications 4 2013
2. H.J. Son, B. Carsten, I.H. Jung, and L. Yu Overcoming efficiency challenges in organic solar cells: rational development of conjugated polymers Energy and Environmental Science 5 2012 8158 8170
3. Z. He, C. Zhong, S. Su, M. Xu, H. Wu, and Y. Cao Enhanced power-conversion efficiency in polymer solar cells using an inverted device structure Nature Photonics 6 2012 593 597
4. T.D. Nielsen, C. Cruickshank, S. Foged, J. Thorsen, and F.C. Krebs Business, market and intellectual property analysis of polymer solar cells Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 94 2010 1553 1571
5. M.A. Green, K. Emery, Y. Hishikawa, W. Warta, and E.D. Dunlop Solar cell efficiency tables (version 41) Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications 21 2013 1 11
6. C. Wu, and H. Murata Thinking small for solar MRS Bulletin 37 2012 194 195
7. Heliatek, Heliatek consolidates its technology leadership by establishing a new world record for organic solar technology with a cell efficiency of 12%, Press release (2013), http://www.heliatek.com/newscenter/pressea, (accessed 19.02.2013-).
8. Y. Liang, Y. Wu, D. Feng, S.-T. Tsai, H.-J. Son, G. Li, and L. Yu Development of new semiconducting polymers for high performance solar cells Journal of the American Chemical Society 131 2008 56 57
9. Z. He, C. Zhong, X. Huang, W.-Y. Wong, H. Wu, L. Chen, S. Su, and Y. Cao Simultaneous enhancement of open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current density, fill factor in polymer solar cells Advanced Materials 23 2011 4636 4643
10. J. Hou, H.-Y. Chen, S. Zhang, R.I. Chen, Y. Yang, Y. Wu, and G. Li Synthesis of a low band gap polymer and its application in highly efficient polymer solar cells Journal of the American Chemical Society 131 2009 15586 15587
11. H.-Y. Chen, J. Hou, S. Zhang, Y. Liang, G. Yang, Y. Yang, L. Yu, Y. Wu, and G. Li Polymer solar cells with enhanced open-circuit voltage and efficiency Nature Photonics 3 2009 649 653
12. C. Piliego, T.W. Holcombe, J.D. Douglas, C.H. Woo, P.M. Beaujuge, and J.M.J. Fréchet Synthetic control of structural order in n-alkylthieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione-based polymers for efficient solar cells Journal of the American Chemical Society 132 2010 7595 7597
13. W. Li, Y. Zhou, B.V. Andersson, L.M. Andersson, Y. Thomann, C. Veit, K. Tvingstedt, R. Qin, Z. Bo, O. Inganäs, U. Würfel, and F. Zhang The effect of additive on performance and shelf-stability of HSX-1/PCBM photovoltaic devices Organic Electronics 12 2011 1544 1551
14. S.H. Park, A. Roy, S. Beaupre, S. Cho, N. Coates, J.S. Moon, D. Moses, M. Leclerc, K. Lee, and A.J. Heeger Bulk heterojunction solar cells with internal quantum efficiency approaching 100% Nature Photonics 3 2009 297 302
15. E. Wang, L. Wang, L. Lan, C. Luo, W. Zhuang, J. Peng, and Y. Cao High-performance polymer heterojunction solar cells of a polysilafluorene derivative Applied Physics Letters 92 2008
16. G. Gustafsson, G. Treacy, Y. Cao, F. Klavetter, N. Colaneri, and A. Heeger The plastic led: a flexible light-emitting device using a polyaniline transparent electrode Synthetic Metals 57 1993 4123 4127
17. Z. Chen, B. Cotterell, W. Wang, E. Guenther, and S.-J. Chua A mechanical assessment of flexible optoelectronic devices Thin Solid Films 394 2001 201 205
18. Z. Chen, B. Cotterell, and W. Wang The fracture of brittle thin films on compliant substrates in flexible displays Engineering Fracture Mechanics 69 2002 597 603
19. K. Alzoubi, M. Hamasha, S. Lu, and B. Sammakia Bending fatigue study of sputtered ITO on flexible substrate Journal of Display Technology 7 2011 593 600
20. J.-F. Salinas, H.-L. Yip, C.-C. Chueh, C.-Z. Li, J.-L. Maldonado, and A.K.-Y. Jen Optical design of transparent thin metal electrodes to enhance in-coupling and trapping of light in flexible polymer solar cells Advanced Materials 24 2012 6362 6367
21. A.L. Roes, E.A. Alsema, K. Blok, and M.K. Patel Ex-ante environmental and economic evaluation of polymer photovoltaics Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications 17 2009 372 393
22. B. Azzopardi, C.J.M. Emmott, A. Urbina, F.C. Krebs, J. Mutale, and J. Nelson Economic assessment of solar electricity production from organic-based photovoltaic modules in a domestic environment Energy and Environmental Science 4 2011 3741 3753
23. N. Espinosa, R. García-Valverde, A. Urbina, and F.C. Krebs A life cycle analysis of polymer solar cell modules prepared using roll-to-roll methods under ambient conditions Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 95 2011 1293 1302
24. K. Tvingstedt, and O. Inganäs Electrode grids for ITO-free organic photovoltaic devices Advanced Materials 19 2007 2893 2897
25. B. Zimmermann, M. Glatthaar, M. Niggemann, M.K. Riede, A. Hinsch, and A. Gombert ITO-free wrap through organic solar cells - a module concept for cost-efficient reel-to-reel production Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 91 2007 374 378
26. M.-G. Kang, M.-S. Kim, J. Kim, and L.J. Guo Organic solar cells using nanoimprinted transparent metal electrodes Advanced Materials 20 2008 4408 4413
27. F.C. Krebs All solution roll-to-roll processed polymer solar cells free from indium-tin-oxide and vacuum coating steps Organic Electronics 10 2009 761 768
28. Y. Galagan, J.-E.J. Rubingh, R. Andriessen, C.-C. Fan, P.W. Blom, S.C. Veenstra, and J.M. Kroon ITO-free flexible organic solar cells with printed current collecting grids Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 95 2011 1339 1343
29. P. Kopola, B. Zimmermann, A. Filipovic, H.-F. Schleiermacher, J. Greulich, S. Rousu, J. Hast, R. Myllylä, and U. Würfel Aerosol jet printed grid for ITO-free inverted organic solar cells Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 107 2012 252 258
30. M. Neophytou, F. Hermerschmidt, A. Savva, E. Georgiou, and S.A. Choulis Highly efficient indium tin oxide-free organic photovoltaics using inkjet-printed silver nanoparticle current collecting grids Applied Physics Letters 101 2012 193302
31. Y. Galagan, E.W. Coenen, R. Abbel, T.J. van Lammeren, S. Sabik, M. Barink, E.R. Meinders, R. Andriessen, and P.W. Blom Photonic sintering of inkjet printed current collecting grids for organic solar cell applications Organic Electronics 14 2013 38 46
32. S.-I. Na, S.-S. Kim, J. Jo, and D.-Y. Kim Efficient and flexible ITO-free organic solar cells using highly conductive polymer anodes Advanced Materials 20 2008 4061 4067
33. E. Ahlswede, W. Mühleisen, M.W. bin Moh Wahi, J. Hanisch, and M. Powalla Highly efficient organic solar cells with printable low-cost transparent contacts Applied Physics Letters 92 2008 143307
34. Y.-S. Hsiao, W.-T. Whang, C.-P. Chen, and Y.-C. Chen High-conductivity poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) film for use in ITO-free polymer solar cells Journal of Materials Chemistry 18 2008 5948 5955
35. S.K. Hau, H.-L. Yip, J. Zou, and A.K.-Y. Jen Indium tin oxide-free semi-transparent inverted polymer solar cells using conducting polymer as both bottom and top electrodes Organic Electronics 10 2009 1401 1407
36. Y. Zhou, H. Cheun, S. Choi, W.J. Potscavage Jr., C. Fuentes-Hernandez, and B. Kippelen Indium tin oxide-free and metal-free semitransparent organic solar cells Applied Physics Letters 97 2010 153304
37. D. Alemu, H.-Y. Wei, K.-C. Ho, and C.-W. Chu Highly conductive PEDOT:PSS electrode by simple film treatment with methanol for ITO-free polymer solar cells Energy and Environmental Science 5 2012 9662 9671
38. Z. Tang, L.M. Andersson, Z. George, K. Vandewal, K. Tvingstedt, P. Heriksson, R. Kroon, M.R. Andersson, and O. Inganäs Interlayer for modified cathode in highly efficient inverted ITO-free organic solar cells Advanced Materials 24 2012 554 558
39. U.J. Lee, S.-H. Lee, J.J. Yoon, S.J. Oh, S.H. Lee, and J.K. Lee Surface interpenetration between conducting polymer and PET substrate for mechanically reinforced ITO-free flexible organic solar cells Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 108 2013 50 56
40. T.M. Barnes, J.D. Bergeson, R.C. Tenent, B.A. Larsen, G. Teeter, K.M. Jones, J.L. Blackburn, and J. van de Lagemaat Carbon nanotube network electrodes enabling efficient organic solar cells without a hole transport layer Applied Physics Letters 96 2010 243309
41. H. Ago, K. Petritsch, M.S.P. Shaffer, A.H. Windle, and R.H. Friend Composites of carbon nanotubes and conjugated polymers for photovoltaic devices Advanced Materials 11 1999 1281 1285
42. A.D. Pasquier, H.E. Unalan, A. Kanwal, S. Miller, and M. Chhowalla Conducting and transparent single-wall carbon nanotube electrodes for polymer-fullerene solar cells Applied Physics Letters 87 2005 203511
43. 3:Sn as the transparent electrode Applied Physics Letters 88 2006 233503
44. X. Wang, L. Zhi, N. Tsao, Ž. Tomović, J. Li, and K. Müllen Transparent carbon films as electrodes in organic solar cells Angew Chem, Int Ed 47 2008 2990 2992
45. Y. Wang, X. Chen, Y. Zhong, F. Zhu, and K.P. Loh Large area, continuous, few-layered graphene as anodes in organic photovoltaic devices Applied Physics Letters 95 2009 063302
46. Y.-Y. Choi, S.J. Kang, H.-K. Kim, W.M. Choi, and S.-I. Na Multilayer graphene films as transparent electrodes for organic photovoltaic devices Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 96 2012 281 285
47. J.-Y. Lee, S.T. Connor, Y. Cui, and P. Peumans Solution-processed metal nanowire mesh transparent electrodes Nano Letters 8 2008 689 692
48. W. Gaynor, J.-Y. Lee, and P. Peumans Fully solution-processed inverted polymer solar cells with laminated nanowire electrodes ACS Nano 4 2010 30 34
49. J. Ajuria, I. Ugarte, W. Cambarau, I. Etxebarria, R. Tena-Zaera, and R. Pacios Insights on the working principles of flexible and efficient ITO-free organic solar cells based on solution processed Ag nanowire electrodes Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 102 2012 148 152
50. C. Sachse, L. Müller-Meskamp, L. Bormann, Y.H. Kim, F. Lehnert, A. Philipp, B. Beyer, and K. Leo Transparent, dip-coated silver nanowire electrodes for small molecule organic solar cells Organic Electronics 14 2013 143 148
51. H.-K. Park, J.-W. Kang, S.-I. Na, D.-Y. Kim, and H.-K. Kim Characteristics of indium-free GZO/Ag/GZO and AZO/Ag/AZO multilayer electrode grown by dual target dc sputtering at room temperature for low-cost organic photovoltaics Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 93 2009 1994 2002
52. J. Meiss, N. Allinger, M.K. Riede, and K. Leo Improved light harvesting in tin-doped indum oxide (ITO)-free inverted bulk-heterojunction organic solar cells using capping layers Applied Physics Letters 93 2008
53. T. Winkler, H. Schmidt, H. Flügge, F. Nikolayzik, I. Baumann, S. Schmale, T. Weimann, P. Hinze, H.-H. Johannes, T. Rabe, S. Hamwi, T. Riedl, and W. Kowalsky Efficient large area semitransparent organic solar cells based on highly transparent and conductive ZTO/Ag/ZTO multilayer top electrodes Organic Electronics 12 2011 1612 1618
54. J. Ajuria, I. Etxebarria, W. Cambarau, U. Munecas, R. Tena-Zaera, J.C. Jimeno, and R. Pacios Inverted ITO-free organic solar cells based on p and n semiconducting oxides. New designs for integration in tandem cells, top or bottom detecting devices, photovoltaic windows Energy and Environmental Science 4 2011 453 458
55. S. Lim, D. Han, H. Kim, S. Lee, and S. Yoo Cu-based multilayer transparent electrodes: a low-cost alternative to ITO electrodes in organic solar cells Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 101 2012 170 175
56. H.-W. Lin, S.-W. Chiu, L.-Y. Lin, Z.-Y. Hung, Y.-H. Chen, F. Lin, and K.-T. Wong Device engineering for highly efficient top-illuminated organic solar cells with microcavity structures Advanced Materials 24 2012 2269 2272
57. S. Park, S.J. Tark, J.S. Lee, H. Lim, and D. Kim Effects of intrinsic ZnO buffer layer based on P3HT/PCBM organic solar cells with Al-doped ZnO electrode Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 93 2009 1020 1023
58. 2 solar cells Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 90 2006 1034 1040
59. S.-G. Ihn, K.-S. Shin, M.-J. Jin, X. Bulliard, S. Yun, Y.S. Choi, Y. Kim, J.-H. Park, M. Sim, M. Kim, K. Cho, T.S. Kim, D. Choi, J.-Y. Choi, W. Choi, and S.-W. Kim ITO-free inverted polymer solar cells using a GZO cathode modified by ZnO Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 95 2011 1610 1614
60. H. Schmidt, T. Winkler, I. Baumann, S. Schmale, H. Flügge, H.-H. Johannes, S. Hamwi, T. Rabe, T. Riedl, and W. Kowalsky Indium-free bottom electrodes for inverted organic solar cells with simplified cell architectures Applied Physics Letters 99 2011 033304
61. Z. Hu, J. Zhang, and Y. Zhao Effect of textured electrodes with light-trapping on performance of polymer solar cells Journal of Applied Physics 111 2012 104516
62. J. Zou, H.-L. Yip, S.K. Hau, and A.K.-Y. Jen Metal grid/conducting polymer hybrid transparent electrode for inverted polymer solar cells Applied Physics Letters 96 2010 203301
63. 3 buffer layer Advanced Energy Materials 2 2012 1404 1409
64. M.P. de Jong, L.J. van IJzendoorn, and M.J.A. de Voigt Stability of the interface between indium-tin-oxide and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/ poly(styrenesulfonate) in polymer light-emitting diodes Applied Physics Letters 77 2000 2255 2257
65. X. Crispin, S. Marciniak, W. Osikowicz, G. Zotti, A.W.D. van der Gon, F. Louwet, M. Fahlman, L. Groenendaal, F. De Schryver, and W.R. Salaneck Conductivity, morphology, interfacial chemistry, stability of poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene)-poly(styrene sulfonate): a photoelectron spectroscopy study Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 41 2003 2561 2583
66. K. Wong, H. Yip, Y. Luo, K. Wong, W. Lau, K. Low, H. Chow, Z. Gao, W. Yeung, and C. Chang Blocking reactions between indium-tin oxide and poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulphonate) with a self-assembly monolayer Applied Physics Letters 80 2002 2788 2790
67. B. Craig, and D. Anderson Handbook of Corrosion Data 2nd edition 1995 ASM International, Materials Park, Ohio, USA
68. K. Kawano, R. Pacios, D. Poplavskyy, J. Nelson, D.D. Bradley, and J.R. Durrant Degradation of organic solar cells due to air exposure Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 90 2006 3520 3530
69. M. Joergensen, K. Norrman, and F.C. Krebs Stability/degradation of polymer solar cells Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 92 2008 686 714
70. K. Norrman, M.V. Madsen, S.A. Gevorgyan, and F.C. Krebs Degradation patterns in water and oxygen of an inverted polymer solar cell Journal of the American Chemical Society 132 2010 16883 16892
71. M. Joergensen, K. Norrman, S.A. Gevorgyan, T. Tromholt, B. Andreasen, and F.C. Krebs Stability of polymer solar cells Advanced Materials 24 2012 580 612
72. C.-Z. Li, C.-C. Chueh, H.-L. Yip, K.M. O'Malley, W.-C. Chen, and A.K.-Y. Jen Effective interfacial layer to enhance efficiency of polymer solar cells via solution-processed fullerene-surfactants Journal of Materials Chemistry 22 2012 8574 8578