Computational modelling of microwave tumour ablations

International Journal of Hyperthermia

Volumn 29, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 308-317

  Chiang, Jason ^a   Wang, Peng ^a   Brace, Christopher L ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN MADISON   (United States)

Author keywords

EM; Heat transfer; Integrated; Radiofrequency microwave; Treatment planning

Indexed keywords

COMPUTER SIMULATION; ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD; HEMOSTASIS; HUMAN; MAGNETIC FIELD; MICROWAVE THERAPY; RADIOFREQUENCY; RADIOFREQUENCY ABLATION; REVIEW; TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE; TREATMENT PLANNING; TUMOR ABLATION; WATER CONTENT;

EID: 84878854828     PISSN: 02656736     EISSN: 14645157     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3109/02656736.2013.799295     Document Type: Review

References (119)

1. De Lope CR, Tremosini S, Forner A, Reig M, Bruix J. Management of HCC. J Hepatol 2012;56:S75-87.
2. Belghiti J, Carr BI, Greig PD, Lencioni R, Poon RT. Treatment before liver transplantation for HCC. Ann Surg Oncol 2008;15: 993-1000.
3. Brace CL. Radiofrequency and microwave ablation of the liver, lung, kidney, and bone: What are the differences? Curr Probl Diagn Radiol 2009;38:135-43.
4. Gervais DA, Arellano RS, Mueller P. Percutaneous ablation of kidney tumors in nonsurgical candidates. Oncology (Williston Park) 2005;19:S6-11.
5. Pusceddu C, Sotgia B, Fele RM, Melis L. Treatment of bone metastases with microwave thermal ablation. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2013;24:229-33.
6. Tanaka T, Westphal S, Isfort P, Braunschweig T, Penzkofer T, Bruners P, et al. Microwave ablation compared with radiofrequency ablation for breast tissue in an ex vivo bovine udder model. Cardiovasc Interv Radiol 2012;35:914-20.
7. Zhou W, Zha X, Liu X, Ding Q, Chen L, Ni Y, et al. US-guided percutaneous microwave coagulation of small breast cancers: A clinical study. Radiology 2012;263:364-73.
8. Montorsi F, Guazzoni G, Colombo R, Galli L, Bergamaschi F, Rigatti P. Transrectal microwave hyperthermia for advanced prostate cancer: Long-term clinical results. J Urol 1992;148:342-5.
9. Li X, Fan W, Zhang L, Zhao M, Huang Z, Li W, et al. CT-guided percutaneous microwave ablation of adrenal malignant carcinoma: Preliminary results. Cancer 2011;117:5182-8.
10. Carrafiello G, Laganà D, Mangini M, Fontana F, Dionigi G, Boni L, et al. Microwave tumors ablation: Principles, clinical applications and review of preliminary experiences. Int J Surg 2008;6:S65-69.
11. Kanaoka Y, Hirai K, Ishiko O. Microwave endometrial ablation for an enlarged uterus. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2003;269:30-2. (Pubitemid 37408839)
12. Tawfeek S, Sharp N. Successful microwave endometrial ablation (MEA) in uterus didelphys. J Obstet Gynaecol 2006;26: 582-3. (Pubitemid 44454480)
13. Gaynor SL, Byrd GD, Diodato MD, Ishii Y, Lee AM, Prasad SM, et al. Microwave ablation for atrial fibrillation: Dose-response curves in the cardioplegia-arrested and beating heart. Ann Thorac Surg 2006;81:72-6. (Pubitemid 41815375)
14. Tabuse K, Katsumi M. Application of a microwave tissue coagulator to hepatic surgery the hemostatic effects on spontaneous rupture of hepatoma and tumor necrosis. Nippon Geka Hokan 1981;50:571-9. (Pubitemid 12251559)
15. Laeseke PF, Winter III TC, Davis CL, Stevens KR, Johnson CD, Fronczak FJ, et al. Postbiopsy bleeding in a porcine model: Reduction with radio-frequency ablation-Preliminary results. Radiology 2003;227:493-9. (Pubitemid 36514767)
16. Rojas-Chapana JA, Correa-Duarte MA, Zhifeng R, Krysztof K, Giersig M. Enhanced introduction of gold nanoparticles into vital Acidothiobacillus ferrooxidans by carbon nanotube-based microwave electroporation. Nano Lett 2004;4:985-8. (Pubitemid 38716363)
17. Sazgarnia A, Taheri AR, Soudmand S, Parizi AJ, Rajabi O, Darbandi MS. Antiparasitic effects of gold nanoparticles with microwave radiation on promastigotes and amastigotes of Leishmania major. Int J Hyperthermia 2013;29:79-86.
18. Manthe RL, Foy SP, Krishnamurthy N, Sharma B, Labhasetwar V. Tumor ablation and nanotechnology. Mol Pharm 2010;7: 1880-98.
19. Ahmed M, Moussa M, Goldberg SN. Synergy in cancer treatment between liposomal chemotherapeutics and thermal ablation. Chem Phys Lipids 2012;165:424-37.
20. Wallen CA, Michaelson SM. Proceedings: Microwave-induced hyperthermia as an adjuvant to cancer therapy. J Microw Power 1976;11:175-6.
21. Ahmed M, Moussa M, Goldberg SN. Synergy in cancer treatment between liposomal chemotherapeutics and thermal ablation. Chem Phys Lipids 2012;165:424-37.
22. Ghahremani FH, Sazgarnia A, Bahreyni-Toosi MH, Rajabi O, Aledavood A. Efficacy of microwave hyperthermia and chemotherapy in the presence of gold nanoparticles: An in vitro study on osteosarcoma. Int J Hyperthermia 2011;27:625-36.
23. Brace CL. Microwave tissue ablation: Biophysics, technology, and applications. Crit Rev Biomed Eng 2010;38:65-78.
24. Carrafiello G, Mangini M, Fontana F, Di Massa A, Ierardi AM, Cotta E, et al. Complications of microwave and radiofrequency lung ablation: Personal experience and review of the literature. Radiol Med 2012;117:201-13.
25. Dodd III GD, Dodd NA, Lanctot AC, Glueck DA. Effect of variation of portal venous blood flow on radiofrequency and microwave ablations in a blood-perfused bovine liver model. Radiology 2013;267:129-36.
26. Durick NA, Laeseke PF, Broderick LS, Lee Jr FT, Sampson LA, Frey TM, et al. Microwave ablation with triaxial antennas tuned for lung: Results in an in vivo porcine model. Radiology 2008;247: 80-7.
27. Brace CL, Laeseke PF, van der Weide DW, Lee FT. Microwave ablation with a triaxial antenna: Results in ex vivo bovine liver. IEEE Trans Microw Theory Tech 2005;53:215-20. (Pubitemid 40136389)
28. Prakash P. Theoretical modeling for hepatic microwave ablation. Open Biomed Eng J 2010;4:27-38.
29. Henriques FJ. Studies of thermal injury; the predictability and the significance of thermally induced rate processes leading to irreversible epidermal injury. Arch Pathol (Chic) 1947;43: 489-502.
30. Dewey WC, Diederich CJ, Dewhirst MW. Hyperthermia classic commentary: 'Arrhenius relationships from the molecule and cell to the clinic' by William Dewey, Int J Hyperthermia 10:457-483, 1994, 2009;25:21-4. (Pubitemid 24224020)
31. Moritz AR, Henriques FC. Studies of thermal injury: II. The relative importance of time and surface temperature in the causation of cutaneous burns. Am J Pathol 1947;23:695-720.
32. He X, Bischof JC. Quantification of temperature and injury response in thermal therapy and cryosurgery. Crit Rev Biomed Eng 2003;31:355-422. (Pubitemid 38552366)
33. Berjano EJ. Theoretical modeling for radiofrequency ablation: State-of-the-art and challenges for the future. Biomed Eng Online 2006;5:24.
34. Pennes HH. Analysis of tissue and arterial blood temperatures in the resting human forearm. J Appl Physiol 1948;1:93-122.
35. Lin J, Hirai S, Chiang C-L, Hsu W-L, Su J-L, Wang Y-J. Computer simulation and experimental studies of SAR distributions of interstitial arrays of sleeved-slot microwave antennas for hyper-thermia treatment of brain tumors. IEEE Trans Microwave Theory Tech 2000;48:2191-8. (Pubitemid 32076024)
36. Pearce JA. Relationship between Arrhenius models of thermal damage and the CEM 43 thermal dose. Proc SPIE 2009;7181:718104-718115. doi:10.1117/12. 807999.
37. Prakash P, Diederich CJ. Considerations for theoretical modelling of thermal ablation with catheter-based ultrasonic sources: Implications for treatment planning, monitoring and control. Int J Hyperthermia 2012;28:69-86.
38. Sapareto SA, Dewey WC. Thermal dose determination in cancer therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1984;10:787-800. (Pubitemid 14094055)
39. Haemmerich D, Webster J, Mahvi D. Thermal dose versus isotherm as lesion boundary estimator for cardiac and hepatic radio-frequency ablation. IEEE Eng Med Biol Conf 2003;1:134-7.
40. Mertyna P, Dewhirst MW, Halpern E, Goldberg W, Goldberg SN. Radiofrequency ablation: The effect of distance and baseline temperature on thermal dose required for coagulation. Int J Hyperthermia 2008;24:550-9.
41. Xu Y, Qian R. Analysis of thermal injury process based on enzyme deactivation mechanisms. J Biomech Eng 1995;117:462-5.
42. Feng Y, Oden JT, Rylander MN. A Two-state cell damage model under hyperthermic conditions: Theory and in vitro experiments. J Biomech Eng 2008;130:041016.
43. Prakash P, Deng G, Converse MC, Webster JG, Mahvi DM, Ferris MC. Design optimization of a robust sleeve antenna for hepatic microwave ablation. Phys Med Biol 2008;53:1057-69. (Pubitemid 351238123)
44. Brace CL. Dual-slot antennas for microwave tissue heating: Parametric analysis and experimental validation. Med Phys 2011; 38:4232-40.
45. Cavagnaro M, Amabile C, Bernardi P, Pisa S, Tosoratti N. A minimally invasive antenna for microwave ablation therapies: Design, performances, and experimental assessment. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2011;58:949-59.
46. Longo I, Gentili G, Cerretelli M, Tosoratti N. A coaxial antenna with miniaturized choke for minimally invasive interstitial heating. IEEE Trans Microwave Theory Tech 2003;50:82-8. (Pubitemid 36227941)
47. Hurter W, Reinbold F, Lorenz W. A dipole antenna for interstitial microwave hyperthermia. IEEE Trans Microwave Theory Tech 1991;39:1048-54.
48. Schaller G, Erb J, Engelbrecht R. Field simulation of dipole antennas for interstitial microwave hyperthermia. IEEE Trans Microwave Theory Tech 1996;44:887-95. (Pubitemid 126770642)
49. Brace CL, van der Weide DW, Lee FT, Laeseke PF, Sampson L. Analysis and experimental validation of a triaxial antenna for microwave tumor ablation. IEEE MTTS Int Microw Symp 2004;3: 1437-40.
50. Lubner MG, Brace CL, Hinshaw JL, Lee FT. Microwave tumor ablation: Mechanism of action, clinical results, and devices. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2010;21:S192-203.
51. Bakker JF, Paulides MM, Westra AH, Schippers H, Van Rhoon GC. Design and test of a 434 MHz multi-channel amplifier system for targeted hyperthermia applicators. Int J Hyperthermia 2010;26: 158-70.
52. Converse M, Bond EJ, Van Veen BD, Hagness SC. A computational study of ultra-wideband versus narrowband microwave hyperthermia for breast cancer treatment. IEEE Trans Microw Theory Tech 2006;54:2169-80.
53. Jones RP, Kitteringham NR, Terlizzo M, Hancock C, Dunne D, Fenwick SW, et al. Microwave ablation of ex vivo human liver and colorectal liver metastases with a novel 14.5 GHz generator. Int J Hyperthermia 2012;28:43-54.
54. Ryan TP, Turner PF, Hamilton B. Interstitial microwave transition from hyperthermia to ablation: Historical perspectives and current trends in thermal therapy. Int J Hyperthermia 2010;26:415-33.
55. Liu F-Y, Yu X-L, Liang P, Wang Y, Zhou P, Yu J. Comparison of percutaneous 915 MHz microwave ablation and 2450 MHz microwave ablation in large hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Hyperthermia 2010;26:448-55.
56. Sun Y, Cheng Z, Dong L, Zhang G, Wang Y, Liang P. Comparison of temperature curve and ablation zone between 915-and 2450MHz cooled-shaft microwave antenna: Results in ex vivo porcine livers. Eur J Radiol 2012;81:553-7.
57. Henderson A, James JR. Near-field power transfer effects in small electromagnetic applicators for inducing hyperthermia. IEE Proc Microw Antennas Propag 1985;132:189-97. (Pubitemid 15086226)
58. Brace CL, Laeseke PF, Sampson LA, Frey TM, van der Weide DW, Lee FT. Microwave ablation with multiple simultaneously powered small-gauge triaxial antennas: Results from an in vivo swine liver model. Radiology 2007;244:151-6. (Pubitemid 46981969)
59. Laeseke PF, Sampson LA, Lee FTJ, Brace CL. Multiple-antenna microwave ablation: Spatially distributing power improves thermal profiles and reduces invasiveness. J Interv Oncol 2010;2:65-72.
60. Oshima F, Yamakado K, Nakatsuka A, Takaki H, Makita M, Takeda K. Simultaneous microwave ablation using multiple antennas in explanted bovine livers: Relationship between ablative zone and antenna. Radiat Med 2008;26:408-14.
61. Wright AS, Lee FTJ, Mahvi DM. Hepatic microwave ablation with multiple antennae results in synergistically larger zones of coagulation necrosis. Ann Surg Oncol 2003;10:275-83. (Pubitemid 40486961)
62. Yu NC, Lu DSK, Raman SS, Dupuy DE, Simon CJ, Lassman C, et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma: Microwave ablation with multiple straight and loop antenna clusters-Pilot comparison with pathologic findings. Radiology 2006;239:269-75.
63. Magin RL, Peterson AF. Noninvasive microwave phased arrays for local hyperthermia: A review. Int J Hyperthermia 1989;5: 429-50. (Pubitemid 19143514)
64. Turner PF. Interstitial equal-phased arrays for EM hyperthermia. IEEE Trans Microw Theory Tech 1986;34:572-8.
65. Furse CM, Iskander MF. Three-dimensional electromagnetic power deposition in tumors using interstitial antenna arrays. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 1989;36:977-86. (Pubitemid 20088824)
66. Camart JC, Dubois L, Fabre JJ, Vanloot D, Chive M. 915 MHz microwave interstitial hyperthermia. Part II: Array of phase-monitored antennas. Int J Hyperthermia 1993;9:445-54. (Pubitemid 23182255)
67. Trembly BS, Wilson AH, Sullivan MJ, Stein AD, Wong TZ, Strohbehn JW. Control of the SAR pattern withing an interstitial microwave array through variation of antenna driving phase. IEEE Trans Microw Theory Tech 1986;34:568-71. (Pubitemid 16613574)
68. Clibbon KL, McCowen A. Efficient computation of SAR distributions from interstitial microwave antenna arrays. IEEE Trans Microw Theory Tech 1994;42:595-600.
69. Ryan TP, Trembly BS, Roberts DW, Strohbehn JW, Coughlin CT, Hoopes PJ. Brain hyperthermia: I. Interstitial microwave antenna array techniques-The Dartmouth experience. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1994;29:1065-78. (Pubitemid 24278974)
70. Ryan TP, Mechling JA, Strohbehn JW. Absorbed power deposition for various insertion depths for 915 MHz interstitial dipole antenna arrays: Experiment versus theory. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1990;19:377-87. (Pubitemid 20299031)
71. James BJ, Strohbehn JW, Mechling JA, Trembly BS. The effect of insertion depth on the theoretical SAR patterns of 915 MHz dipole antenna arrays for hyperthermia. Int J Hyperthermia 1989;5: 733-47. (Pubitemid 19285433)
72. Mechling JA, Strohbehn JW, France LJ. A theoretical evaluation of the performance of the Dartmouth IMAAH system to heat cylindrical and ellipsoidal tumour models. Int J Hyperthermia 1991;7:465-83.
73. Stuchly MA, Kraszewski A, Stuchly SS, Smith AM. Dielectric properties of animal tissues in vivo at radio and microwave frequencies: Comparison between species. Phys Med Biol 1982;27: 927-36. (Pubitemid 12045441)
74. Gabriel S, Lau RW, Gabriel C. The dielectric properties of biological tissues: III. Parametric models for the dielectric spectrum of tissues. Phys Med Biol 1996;41:2271-93. (Pubitemid 26376903)
75. Schwan HP, Li K. Capacity and conductivity of body tissues at ultrahigh frequencies. Proc IRE 1953;41:1735-40.
76. Schwan HP, Li K. Measurements of materials with high dielectric constant and conductivity at ultrahigh frequencies. AIEE Trans Comm Electron 1955;74:603-7.
77. Lazebnik M, Converse MC, Booske JH, Hagness SC. Ultrawideband temperature-dependent dielectric properties of animal liver tissue in the microwave frequency range. Phys Med Biol 2006;51:1941-55.
78. Yang D, Converse MC, Mahvi DM, Webster JG. Expanding the bioheat equation to include tissue internal water evaporation during heating. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2007;54:1382-8. (Pubitemid 47076268)
79. Schepps JL, Foster KR. The UHF and microwave dielectric properties of normal and tumour tissues: Variation in dielectric properties with tissue water content. Phys Med Biol 1980;25: 1149-59. (Pubitemid 11195973)
80. Bircan C, Barringer S. Determination of protein denaturation of muscle foods using the dielectric properties. J Food Sci 2002;67: 202-5. (Pubitemid 34190803)
81. Wang P, Brace CL. Tissue dielectric measurement using an interstitial dipole antenna. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2012;59: 115-21.
82. Chin L, Sherar M. Changes in the dielectric properties of rat prostate ex vivo at 915 MHz during heating. Int J Hyperthermia 2004;20:517-27. (Pubitemid 39004122)
83. Ji Z, Brace CL. Expanded modeling of temperature-dependent dielectric properties for microwave thermal ablation. Phys Med Biol 2011;56:5249-64.
84. Lopresto V, Pinto R, Lovisolo GA, Cavagnaro M. Changes in the dielectric properties of ex vivo bovine liver during microwave thermal ablation at 2.45 GHz. Phys Med Biol 2012;57: 2309-27.
85. He X, McGee S, Coad JE, Schmidlin F, Iaizzo PA, Swanlund DJ, et al. Investigation of the thermal and tissue injury behaviour in microwave thermal therapy using a porcine kidney model. Int J Hyperthermia 2004;20:567-93. (Pubitemid 39162539)
86. Wall MS, Deng XH, Torzilli PA, Doty SB, O'Brien SJ, Warren RF. Thermal modification of collagen. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 1999;8:339-44.
87. Ai H, Wu S, Gao H, Zhao L, Yang C, Zeng Y. Temperature distribution analysis of tissue water vaporization during microwave ablation: Experiments and simulations. Int J Hyperthermia 2012;28:674-85.
88. Brace CL, Diaz TA, Hinshaw JL, Lee FT. Tissue contraction caused by radiofrequency and microwave ablation: A laboratory study in liver and lung. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2010;21:1280-6.
89. Bhardwaj N, Strickland AD, Ahmad F, Atanesyan L, West K, Lloyd DM. A comparative histological evaluation of the ablations produced by microwave, cryotherapy and radiofrequency in the liver. Pathology 2009;41:168-72.
90. Bhardwaj N, Dormer J, Ahmad F, Strickland AD, Gravante G, West K, et al. Microwave ablation of the liver: A description of lesion evolution over time and an investigation of the heat sink effect. Pathology 2011;43:725-31.
91. Ahmad F, Gravante G, Bhardwaj N, Strickland A, Basit R, West K, et al. Changes in interleukin-1b and 6 after hepatic microwave tissue ablation compared with radiofrequency, cryotherapy and surgical resections. Am J Surg 2010;200:500-6.
92. Brace CL. Temperature-dependent dielectric properties of liver tissue measured during thermal ablation: Toward an improved numerical model. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2008:230-3.
93. Chen MH, Yang W, Yan K, Dai Y, Wu W, Fan ZH, et al. The role of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in planning treatment protocols for hepatocellular carcinoma before radiofrequency ablation. Clin Radiol 2007;62:752-60. (Pubitemid 46991534)
94. Cha CH, Lee Jr FT, Gurney JM, Markhardt BK, Warner TF, Kelcz F, et al. CT versus sonography for monitoring radiofrequency ablation in a porcine liver. Am J Roentgenol 2000;175:705-11.
95. Limanond P, Zimmerman P, Raman SS, Kadell BM, Lu DSK. Interpretation of CT and MRI after radiofrequency ablation of hepatic malignancies. Am J Roentgenol 2003;181:1635-40. (Pubitemid 37466545)
96. Terraz S, Cernicanu A, Lepetit-Coiffé M, Viallon M, Salomir R, Mentha G, et al. Radiofrequency ablation of small liver malignancies under magnetic resonance guidance: Progress in targeting and preliminary observations with temperature monitoring. Eur Radiol 2010;20:886-97.
97. Cernicanu A, Lepetit-Coiffe M, Roland J, Becker CD, Terraz S. Validation of fast MR thermometry at 1.5 T with gradient-echo echo planar imaging sequences: Phantom and clinical feasibility studies. NMR Biomed 2008;21:849-58.
98. Cernicanu A, Lepetit-Coiffe M, Viallon M, Terraz S, Becker CD. New horizons in MR-controlled and monitored radiofrequency ablation of liver tumours. Cancer Imaging 2007;7:160-6.
99. Kurumi Y, Tani T, Naka S, Shiomi H, Shimizu T, Abe H, et al. MR-guided microwave ablation for malignancies. Int J Clin Oncol 2007;12:85-93. (Pubitemid 46632465)
100. Morikawa S, Inubushi T, Kurumi Y, Naka S, Sato K, Tani T, et al. MR-guided microwave thermocoagulation therapy of liver tumors: Initial clinical experiences using a 0.5 T open MR system. J Magn Reson Imaging 2002;16:576-83. (Pubitemid 35257765)
101. Rieke V, Pauly KB. MR thermometry. J Magn Reson Imaging 2008;27:376-90. (Pubitemid 351214044)
102. Meloni MF, Andreano A, Bovo G, Chiarpotto B, Amabile C, Gelsomino S, et al. Acute portal venous injury after microwave ablation in an in vivo porcine model: A rare possible complication. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2011;22:947-51.
103. Kröger T, Pätz T, Altrogge I, Schenk A, Lehmann KS, Frericks BB, et al. Fast estimation of the vascular cooling in RFA based on numerical simulation. Open Biomed Eng J 2010;4:16-26.
104. Kröger T, Pannier S, Kaliske M, Altrogge I, Graf W, Preusser T. Optimal applicator placement in hepatic radiofrequency ablation on the basis of rare data. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Eng 2010;13:431-40.
105. Altrogge I, Preusser T, Kröger T, Büskens C, Pereira PL, Schmidt D, et al. Multiscale optimization of the probe placement for radiofrequency ablation. Acad Radiol 2007;14:1310-24. (Pubitemid 47615522)
106. Haemmerich D, Wright AW, Mahvi DM, Lee Jr FT, Webster JG. Hepatic bipolar radiofrequency ablation creates coagulation zones close to blood vessels: A finite element study. Med Biol Eng Comput 2003;41:317-23. (Pubitemid 36701035)
107. Consiglieri L, dos Santos I, Haemmerich D. Theoretical analysis of the heat convection coefficient in large vessels and the significance for thermal ablative therapies. Phys Med Biol 2003; 48:4125-34. (Pubitemid 38054497)
108. Schutt DJ, Haemmerich D. Effects of variation in perfusion rates and of perfusion models in computational models of radio frequency tumor ablation. Med Phys 2008;35:3462-70.
109. Schramm W, Yang D, Haemmerich D. Contribution of direct heating, thermal conduction and perfusion during radiofrequency and microwave ablation. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2006; 1:5013-16. (Pubitemid 46521040)
110. Chiang J, Hynes K, Brace CL. Flow-dependent vascular heat transfer during microwave thermal ablation. IEEE Eng Med Biol Conf 2012:5582-5.
111. Kojima Y, Suzuki S, Sakaguchi T, Tsuchiya Y, Okamoto K, Kurachi K, et al. Portal vein thrombosis caused by microwave coagulation therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: Report of a case. Surg Today 2000;30:844-8.
112. Meloni MF, Andreano A, Lava M, Lazzaroni S, Okolicsanyi S, Sironi S. Segmental portal vein thrombosis after microwave ablation of liver tumors: Report of two cases. Eur J Radiol Extra 2010;76:e95-e98.
113. O'Rourke AP, Lazebnik M, Bertram JM, Converse MC, Hagness SC, Webster JG, et al. Dielectric properties of human normal, malignant and cirrhotic liver tissue: In vivo and ex vivo measurements from 0.5 to 20 GHz using a precision open-ended coaxial probe. Phys Med Biol 2007;52:4707-19. (Pubitemid 47103151)
114. Yoo D-S. The dielectric properties of cancerous tissues in a nude mouse xenograft model. Bioelectromagnetics 2004;25:492-7. (Pubitemid 39421847)
115. Seitel A, Engel M, Sommer CM, Radeleff BA, Essert-Villard C, Baegert C, et al. Computer-assisted trajectory planning for percutaneous needle insertions. Med Phys 2011;38:3246-59.
116. Villard C, Baegert C, Schreck P, Soler L, Gangi A. Optimal trajectories computation within regions of interest for hepatic RFA planning. Med Image Comput Comput Assist Interv 2005;8: 49-56. (Pubitemid 43828347)
117. Baegert C, Villard C, Schreck P, Soler L. Multi-criteria trajectory planning for hepatic radiofrequency ablation. Med Image Comput Comput Assist Interv 2007;10:676-84.
118. Kröger T, Pannier S, Kaliske M, Altrogge I, Graf W, Preusser T. Optimal applicator placement in hepatic radiofrequency ablation on the basis of rare data. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Eng 2010;13:431-40.
119. Rieder C, Kröger T, Schumann C, Hahn HK. GPU-based real-time approximation of the ablation zone for radiofrequency ablation. IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph 2011;17:1812-21.