Detection of prognostic factors in metastatic breast cancer

Journal of Research in Medical Sciences

Volumn 18, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 283-290

  Tazhibi, Mehdi ^a   Fayaz, Mahsa ^a   Mokarian, Fariborz ^b  

^a ZANJAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES   (Iran)

^b ISFAHAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES   (Iran)

Author keywords

Axillary nodal ratio; Breast cancer; Distant metastasis; Marginal approach; Prognostic factor; Stratified cox proportional hazards model; Tumor size

Indexed keywords

CATHEPSIN D; EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR 2; ESTROGEN RECEPTOR; KI 67 ANTIGEN; PROGESTERONE RECEPTOR; PROTEIN P53;

ADULT; AGE; AGED; ARTICLE; BONE METASTASIS; BRAIN METASTASIS; BREAST METASTASIS; CANCER PROGNOSIS; COHORT ANALYSIS; DISTANT METASTASIS; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; LIVER METASTASIS; LUNG METASTASIS; LYMPH NODE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; RECURRENT CANCER; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; SURVIVAL RATE; TUMOR VOLUME;

EID: 84878795577     PISSN: 17351995     EISSN: 17357136     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 1999. p. 1093-120.
2. Jalali-Nadoushan MR, Davati A, Tavakoli A. Expression of Bcl-2 gene in primary breast cancer and its correlation with some prognostic factors. J Mazandaran Univ of Med Sci 2007;17:30-6. Persian.
3. Ferlay J, Bray F, Pisani P, Parkin DM. GLOBCAN 2002: Cancer incidence, mortality and prevalence Worldwide IARC cancerbase No. 5, Version 2.0. Lyon: IARCPress; 2004.
4. th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, Health Pub. Division; 2005. p. 453.
5. Kuo WH, Yen AM, Lee PH, Chen KM, Wang J, Chang KJ, et al. Cumulative survival in early-onset unilateral and bilateral breast cancer: An analysis of 1907 Taiwanese women. Br J Cancer 2009;100:563-70.
6. Ravdin PM, Cronin KA, Howlader N, Berg CD, Chlebowski RT, Feuer EJ, et al. The decrease in breast-cancer incidence in 2003 in the United States. N Engl J Med 2007;356:1670-4.
7. Fontenoy AM, Leux C, Delacour-Billon S, Allioux C, Frenel JS, Campone M, et al. Recent trends in breast cancer incidence rates in the Loire-Atlantique, France: A decline since 2003. Cancer Epidemiol 2010;34:238-43.
8. Wang PP, Cao Y. Incidence trends of female breast cancer in Saskatchewan, 1932-1990. Breast Cancer Res Treat 1996;37:197-207.
9. Sim X, Ali RA, Wedren S, Goh DL, Tan CS, Reilly M, et al. Ethnic differences in the time trend of female breast cancer incidence: Singapore, 1968-2002. BMC Cancer 2006;6:261.
10. Medina VM, Laudico A, Mirasol-Lumague MR, Brenner H, Redaniel MT. Cumulative incidence trends of selected cancer sites in a Philippine population from 1983 to 2002: A joinpoint analysis. Br J Cancer 2010;102:1411-4.
11. Takiar R, Srivastav A. Time trend in breast and cervix cancer of women in India 1990-2003). Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2008;9:777-80.
12. Hirabayashi Y, Zhang M. Comparison of time trends in breast cancer incidence (1973-2002) in Asia, from cancer incidence in five continents, Vols IV-IX. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2009;39:411-2.
13. Kolahdoozan S, Sadjadi A, Radmehr AR, Khademi H. Five Common Cancers in Iran. Arch Iran Med 2010;13:143-6.
14. Yavari P, Abadi A, Mehrabi Yad Elah. Mortality and changing epidemiological trends in Iran during 1979-2001. Hakim Res J 2003;6:7-14. Persian
15. Harirchi I, Karbakhsh M, Kashefi A, Momtahen AJ. Breast cancer in Iran: Results of a multi-center study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2004;5:24-7.
16. Mousavi SM, Montazeri A, Mohagheghi MA, Jarrahi AM, Harirchi I, Najafi M, et al. Breast cancer in Iran: An epidemiological review. Breast J 2007;13:383-91.
17. Asadpour A. Isfahan: First degree of cancer in Iran. Jame Jam J 2007:15-16. Persian.
18. Weigelt B, Peterse JL, van't Veer LJ. Breast cancer metastasis: Markers and models. Nat Rev Cancer 2005;5:591-602.
19. Thomas ES, Gomez HL, Li RK, Chung HC, Fein LE, Chan VF, et al. Ixabepilone plus capecitabine for metastatic breast cancer progressing after anthracycline and taxane treatment. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:5210-7.
20. Gonçalves A, Esterni B, Bertucci F, Sauvan R, Chabannon C, Cubizolles M, et al. Postoperative serum proteomic profiles may predict metastatic relapse in high-risk primary breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy. Oncogene 2006;25:981-9.
21. Brunner WN, Stephens RW, Dano K. Control of invasion and metastasis. In: Harris JR, Lippman ME, Morrow M, Osborne CK, editors. Diseases of the Breast, 4th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2009. p. 367-76.
22. Welch DR, Harms JF, Mastro AM, Gay CV, Donahue HJ. Breast cancer metastasis to bone: Evolving models and research challenges. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 2003;3:30-8.
23. Keam B, Im SA, Kim HJ, Oh DY, Kim JH, Lee SH, et al. Clinical significance of axillary nodal ratio in stage II/III breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2009;116:153-60.
24. Truong PT, Berthelet E, Lee J, Kader HA, Olivotto IA. The prognostic significance of the percentage of positive/dissected axillary lymph nodes in breast cancer recurrence and survival in patients with one to three positive axillary lymph nodes. Cancer 2005;103:2006-14.
25. van der Wal BC, Butzelaar RM, van der Meij S, Boermeester MA. Axillary lymph node ratio and total number of removed lymph nodes: Predictors of survival in stage I and II breast cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol 2002;28:481-9.
26. Nguyen PL, Taghian AG, Katz MS, Niemierko A, Abi Raad RF, Boon WL, et al. Breast cancer subtype approximated by estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER-2 is associated with local and distant recurrence after breast-conserving therapy. J Clin Oncol 2008;26:2373-8.
27. Haffty BG, Yang Q, Reiss M, Kearney T, Higgins SA, Weidhaas J, et al. Locoregional relapse and distant metastasis in conservatively managed triple negative early-stage breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2006;24:5652-7.
28. González LO, Pidal I, Junquera S, Corte MD, Vázquez J, Rodríguez JC, et al. Overexpression of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in mononuclear inflammatory cells in breast cancer correlates with metastasis-relapse. Br J Cancer 2007;97:957-63.
29. Colleoni M, Rotmensz N, Peruzzotti G, Maisonneuve P, Mazzarol G, Pruneri G, et al. Size of breast cancer metastases in axillary lymph nodes: Clinical relevance of minimal lymph node involvement. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:1379-89.
30. Mauriac L, Keshaviah A, Debled M, Mouridsen H, Forbes JF, Thürlimann B, et al. Predictors of early relapse in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer in the BIG 1-98 trial. Ann Oncol 2007;18:859-67.
31. Koizumi M, Yoshimoto M, Kasumi F, Iwase T. An open cohort study of bone metastasis incidence following surgery in breast cancer patients. BMC Cancer 2010;10:381.
32. Hashemi E, Montazeri A, Akbari M, Najafi M, Haghighat S, Kaviani A. Role of tumor markers in breast cancer recurrence. J Guilan Univ Med Sci 2006;15:28-32. Persian.
33. Mylonas I, Makovitzky J, Jeschke U, Briese V, Friese K, Gerber B. Expression of Her2/neu, steroid receptors (ER and PR), Ki67 and p53 in invasive mammary ductal carcinoma associated with ductal carcinoma In Situ (DCIS) Versus invasive breast cancer alone. Anticancer Res 2005;25:1719-23.
34. Gao D, Du J, Cong L, Liu Q. Risk factors for initial lung metastasis from breast invasive ductal carcinoma in stages I-III of operable patients. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2009;39:97-104.
35. Spyratos F, Hacene K, Rouëssé J, Brunet M, Andrieu C, Desplaces A, et al. Cathepsin D: An independent prognostic factor for metastasis of breast cancer. Lancet 1989;334:1115-8.
36. Shoker BS, Jarvis C, Clarke RB, Anderson E, Hewlett J, Davies MP, et al. Estrogen receptor-positive proliferating cells in the normal and precancerous breast. Am J Pathol 1999;155:1811-5.
37. Evans AJ, James JJ, Cornford EJ, Chan SY, Burrell HC, Pinder SE, et al. Brain metastases from breast cancer: Identification of a high-risk group. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2004;16:345-9.
38. Voogd AC, Nielsen M, Peterse JL, Blichert-Toft M, Bartelink H, Overgaard M, et al. Differences in risk factors for local and distant recurrence after breast-conserving therapy or mastectomy for stage I and II breast cancer: Pooled results of two large European randomized trials. J Clin Oncol 2001;19:1688-97.
39. Touboul E, Buffat L, Belkacémi Y, Lefranc JP, Uzan S, Lhuillier P, et al. Local recurrences and distant metastases after breast-conserving surgery and radiation therapy for early breast cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1999;43:25-38.
40. Veronesi U, Galimberti V, Zurrida S, Merson M, Greco M, Luini A. Prognostic significance of number and level of axillary node metastases in breast cancer. Breast 1993;2:224-8.
41. Spyratos F, Hacene K, Tubiana-Hulin M, Pallud C, Brunet M. Prognostic value of estrogen and progesterone receptors in primary infiltrating ductal breast cancer. A sequential multivariate analysis of 1262 patients. Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol 1989;25:1233-40.
42. Rondeau V, Mathoulin-Pélissier S, Tanneau L, Sasco AJ, Macgrogan G, Debled M. Separate and combined analysis of successive dependent outcomes after breast-conservation surgery: Recurrence, metastases, second cancer and death. BMC Cancer 2010;10:697.
43. Wei LJ, Lin DY, Weissfeld L. Regression analysis of multivariate incomplete failure time data by modeling marginal distributions. J Am Stat Assoc 1989;84:1065-73.
44. nd ed. New York: Springer Verlag; 2005. p. 347-53.
45. Foulkes WD, Reis-Filho JS, Narod SA. Tumor size and survival in breast cancer: A reappraisal. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2010;7:348-53.
46. Cascinelli N, Greco M, Bufalino R, Clemente C, Galluzzo D, Delle Donne V, et al. Prognosis of breast cancer with axillary node metastases after surgical treatment only. Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol 1987;23:795-9.
47. Veronesi U, Marubini E, Del Vecchio M, Manzari A, Andreola S, Greco M, et al. Local recurrences and distant metastases after conservative breast cancer treatments: Partly independent events. J Natl Cancer Inst 1995;87:19-27.
48. Page DL. Prognosis and breast cancer: Recognition of lethal and favorable prognostic types. Am J Surg Pathol 1991;15:334-49.
49. Merkel DE, Osborne CK. Prognostic factors in breast cancer. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 1989;3:641-52.
50. Rosen PP, Groshen S, Saigo PE, Kinne DW, Hellman S. Pathological prognostic factors in stage I (T1N0M0) and stage II (T1N1M0) breast carcinoma: A study of 644 patients with median follow-up of 18 years. J Clin Oncol 1989;7:1239-51.
51. Arriagada R, Rutqvist LE, Johansson H, Kramar A, Rotstein S. Predicting distant dissemination in patients with early breast cancer. Acta Oncol 2008;47:1113-21.
52. Carter CL, Allen C, Henson DE. Relation of tumor size, lymph node status, and survival in 24,740 breast cancer cases. Cancer 1989;63:181-7.
53. Tausch C, Taucher S, Dubsky P, Seifert M, Reitsamer R, Kwasny W, et al. Prognostic value of number of removed lymph nodes, number of involved lymph nodes, and lymph node ratio in 7502 breast cancer patients enrolled onto trials of the Austrian Breast and Colorectal Cancer Study Group (ABCSG). Ann Surg Oncol 2012;19:1808-17.
54. Silvestrini R, Daidone MG, Di Fronzo G, Morabito A, Valagussa P, Bonadonna G. Prognostic implication of labeling index versus estrogen receptors and tumor size in node-negative breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 1986;7:161-9.
55. O'Reilly SM, Camplejohn RS, Barnes DM, Millis RR, Rubens RD, Richards MA. Node-negative breast cancer: Prognostic subgroups defined by tumor size and flow cytometry. J Clin Oncol 1990;8:2040-6.
56. Foulkes WD, Grainge MJ, Rakha EA, Green AR, Ellis IO. Tumor size is an unreliable predictor of prognosis in basal-like breast cancers and does not correlate closely with lymph node status. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2009;117:199-204.
57. Mokarian F, Abdeyazdan N, Motamedi N, Tabesh P, Mokarian S, Hashemi F, et al. Risk factors of metastasis in women with breast cancer. J Isfahan Med Sch 2012;29:2785-96. Persian.
58. Foulkes WD, Metcalfe K, Hanna W, Lynch HT, Ghadirian P, Tung N, et al. Disruption of the expected positive correlation between breast tumor size and lymph node status in BRCA1-related breast carcinoma. Cancer 2003;98:1569-77.
59. Fisher B, Slack NH, Bross ID. Cancer of the breast: Size of neoplasm and prognosis. Cancer 1969;24:1071-80.
60. Dent R, Hanna WM, Trudeau M, Rawlinson E, Sun P, Narod SA. Time to disease recurrence in basal-type breast cancers: Effects of tumor size and lymph node status. Cancer 2009;115:4917-23.
61. Wei L, Johnson WE. Combining dependent tests with incomplete repeated measurements. Biometrika 1985;72:359.