메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 47, Issue , 2013, Pages 147-157

"Agro-terrorism? The causes and consequences of the appearance of witch's broom disease in cocoa plantations of southern Bahia, Brazil"

Author keywords

Agro terrorism; Biocrime; Brazil; Cocoa economy; Social marginalization

Indexed keywords

AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS; BIOTERRORISM; COCOA; CRIME; MARGINALIZATION; PATHOGEN; SECURITY THREAT;

EID: 84878485914     PISSN: 00167185     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2013.01.006     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (27)

References (91)
  • 1
    • 31344466282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Poverty, Political Freedom, and the Roots of Terrorism
    • NBER Working Paper 10859. Cambridge, MA.
    • Abadie, A., 2004. Poverty, Political Freedom, and the Roots of Terrorism. NBER Working Paper 10859. Cambridge, MA.
    • (2004)
    • Abadie, A.1
  • 3
    • 84878474610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Reproduction of the Cocoa Industry and Biodiversity in Southern Bahia, Brazil. Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center. National Zoological Park. (accessed 20.10.11).
    • Alger, K., 2003. The Reproduction of the Cocoa Industry and Biodiversity in Southern Bahia, Brazil. Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center. National Zoological Park. (accessed 20.10.11). http://nationalzoo.si.edu.
    • (2003)
    • Alger, K.1
  • 4
    • 0028159135 scopus 로고
    • The declining of the cocoa economy in the Atlantic forest of southern Bahia, Brazil: conservation attitudes of cocoa planters
    • Alger K., Caldas M. The declining of the cocoa economy in the Atlantic forest of southern Bahia, Brazil: conservation attitudes of cocoa planters. The Environmentalist 1994, 14(2):107-119.
    • (1994) The Environmentalist , vol.14 , Issue.2 , pp. 107-119
    • Alger, K.1    Caldas, M.2
  • 5
    • 84878507543 scopus 로고
    • A Decadência da Economia Cacaueira na Mata Atlântica. Baiana. Anais do XXXI Congresso Brasileiro de Economia e Sociologia Rural, Ilhéus-Bahia.
    • Alger, K., Caldas, M., 1993. A Decadência da Economia Cacaueira na Mata Atlântica. Baiana. Anais do XXXI Congresso Brasileiro de Economia e Sociologia Rural, Ilhéus-Bahia.
    • (1993)
    • Alger, K.1    Caldas, M.2
  • 6
    • 84878498990 scopus 로고
    • The declining of the cocoa economy in the Atlantic forest of southern Bahia, Brazil. XII Annual Meeting of the Latin American Association, Los Angeles.
    • Alger, K., Caldas, M., 1992. The declining of the cocoa economy in the Atlantic forest of southern Bahia, Brazil. XII Annual Meeting of the Latin American Association, Los Angeles.
    • (1992)
    • Alger, K.1    Caldas, M.2
  • 7
    • 84878495151 scopus 로고
    • Movimentos Sociais na Amazônia
    • de Almeida A.W.B. Movimentos Sociais na Amazônia. Cese Debate 1995, 5(4):82-115.
    • (1995) Cese Debate , vol.5 , Issue.4 , pp. 82-115
    • de Almeida, A.W.B.1
  • 8
    • 84878509470 scopus 로고
    • Witch's' broom disease of cocoa (Marasmius perniciosus Stahel). Phytopathological Paper No. 2. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew, Surrey.
    • Baker, R.E.D., Holliday, P., 1957. Witch's' broom disease of cocoa (Marasmius perniciosus Stahel). Phytopathological Paper No. 2. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew, Surrey.
    • (1957)
    • Baker, R.E.D.1    Holliday, P.2
  • 10
    • 84981655165 scopus 로고
    • Geographical patterns of evolution in neotropical Lepidoptera. Systematic and derivation known and new heliconiini (Nymphalidae: Thomiinae)
    • Brown K.S. Geographical patterns of evolution in neotropical Lepidoptera. Systematic and derivation known and new heliconiini (Nymphalidae: Thomiinae). Journal of Entomology B 1975, 44(3):201-242.
    • (1975) Journal of Entomology B , vol.44 , Issue.3 , pp. 201-242
    • Brown, K.S.1
  • 12
    • 84878502671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Settlement Formation and Land Cover and Land Use Change: A Case Study in the Brazilian Amazon. Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation. Department of Geography, Michigan State University, East Lansing.
    • Caldas, M., 2008. Settlement Formation and Land Cover and Land Use Change: A Case Study in the Brazilian Amazon. Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation. Department of Geography, Michigan State University, East Lansing.
    • (2008)
    • Caldas, M.1
  • 13
    • 0035561712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Convert biological weapons attacks against agricultural targets: assessing the impacts against US agriculture
    • Cameron G., Pate J. Convert biological weapons attacks against agricultural targets: assessing the impacts against US agriculture. Terrorism and Political Violence 2001, 13(3):61-82.
    • (2001) Terrorism and Political Violence , vol.13 , Issue.3 , pp. 61-82
    • Cameron, G.1    Pate, J.2
  • 14
    • 0036067488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biological warfare targeted at livestock
    • Casagrande R. Biological warfare targeted at livestock. BioScience 2002, 52(7):577-581.
    • (2002) BioScience , vol.52 , Issue.7 , pp. 577-581
    • Casagrande, R.1
  • 15
    • 0006813811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biological terrorism targeted at agriculture: the threat to US national security
    • Casagrande R. Biological terrorism targeted at agriculture: the threat to US national security. Nonproliferation Review 2000, 95-105.
    • (2000) Nonproliferation Review , pp. 95-105
    • Casagrande, R.1
  • 17
    • 0004316571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bioterrorism and Biocrimes: The Illicit Use of Biological Agents in the 20th Century
    • Working Paper. National Defense University, Center for Counterproliferation Research, Washington, DC.
    • Carus, W.S., 2001. Bioterrorism and Biocrimes: The Illicit Use of Biological Agents in the 20th Century. Working Paper. National Defense University, Center for Counterproliferation Research, Washington, DC.
    • (2001)
    • Carus, W.S.1
  • 19
    • 84878498854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biological Terrorism, Emerging Diseases, and National Security. Rockefeller Brothers Fund Project on World, Security.
    • Chyba, C.F., 1998. Biological Terrorism, Emerging Diseases, and National Security. Rockefeller Brothers Fund Project on World, Security. http://www.rbf/org/public.html.
    • (1998)
    • Chyba, C.F.1
  • 20
    • 84878473686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identifying biological agents, characterizing events, and attributing blame
    • Stanford University Press, California, A.L. Clunan, P.R. Lavoy, S.B. Martin (Eds.) Terrorism, War or Disease?
    • Clunan A.L. Identifying biological agents, characterizing events, and attributing blame. Unraveling the Use of Biological Weapons 3 2008, Stanford University Press, California. A.L. Clunan, P.R. Lavoy, S.B. Martin (Eds.).
    • (2008) Unraveling the Use of Biological Weapons 3
    • Clunan, A.L.1
  • 25
    • 0035807295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transmission intensity and impact of control policies on the food and mount epidemic in Great Britain
    • Ferguson N.M., Donnelly C.A., Anderson R.M. Transmission intensity and impact of control policies on the food and mount epidemic in Great Britain. Nature 2001, 413:542-548.
    • (2001) Nature , vol.413 , pp. 542-548
    • Ferguson, N.M.1    Donnelly, C.A.2    Anderson, R.M.3
  • 26
    • 84878519899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relatório Banco de Dados de Luta pela Terra DATALUTA. Núcleo de Estudos, Pesquisas e Projetos da Reforma Agrária, Presidente Prudente: S.P.
    • Fernandes, B. M., 2009. Relatório Banco de Dados de Luta pela Terra DATALUTA. Núcleo de Estudos, Pesquisas e Projetos da Reforma Agrária, Presidente Prudente: S.P.
    • (2009)
    • Fernandes, B.M.1
  • 27
    • 84882874868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The need for forensic tools in a balanced national agricultural security programme
    • Springer, The Netherlands, M.L. Gullino, J. Fletcher, A. Gamliel, J.P. Stack (Eds.)
    • Fletcher J. The need for forensic tools in a balanced national agricultural security programme. Crop Biosecurity: Assuring our Global Food Supply 2008, Springer, The Netherlands. M.L. Gullino, J. Fletcher, A. Gamliel, J.P. Stack (Eds.).
    • (2008) Crop Biosecurity: Assuring our Global Food Supply
    • Fletcher, J.1
  • 28
    • 84878481327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Folha de São Paulo, 2012. Destruição de laranjal pelo MST é grotesca, diz ministro. (last accessed 27.09.12).
    • Folha de São Paulo, 2012. Destruição de laranjal pelo MST é grotesca, diz ministro. (last accessed 27.09.12). http://www1.folha.uol.com.
  • 29
    • 0022178491 scopus 로고
    • The vanishing Brazilian Atlantic forest
    • Fonseca G.A.B. The vanishing Brazilian Atlantic forest. Biological Conservation 1985, 34(1):17-34.
    • (1985) Biological Conservation , vol.34 , Issue.1 , pp. 17-34
    • Fonseca, G.A.B.1
  • 30
    • 34248054364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The terrorist threat to U.S. food security
    • Foxell J.R. The terrorist threat to U.S. food security. American Foreign Policy Interest 2003, 25:99-126.
    • (2003) American Foreign Policy Interest , vol.25 , pp. 99-126
    • Foxell, J.R.1
  • 31
    • 4944236354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current trends in agroterrorism (antilivestock, anticrop, and antisoil bioagricultural terrorism) and their potential impact on food security
    • Foxell J.R. Current trends in agroterrorism (antilivestock, anticrop, and antisoil bioagricultural terrorism) and their potential impact on food security. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 2001, 24:107-129.
    • (2001) Studies in Conflict & Terrorism , vol.24 , pp. 107-129
    • Foxell, J.R.1
  • 35
    • 55649105467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of Agro-terrorism on consumers' preference for locally grown products: a case study from New Jersy
    • Govindasamy R., Turvey C.G., Puduri V. The influence of Agro-terrorism on consumers' preference for locally grown products: a case study from New Jersy. Applied Economics Letters 2008, 15:991-995.
    • (2008) Applied Economics Letters , vol.15 , pp. 991-995
    • Govindasamy, R.1    Turvey, C.G.2    Puduri, V.3
  • 36
    • 0023516250 scopus 로고
    • Agrarian crisis in Brazilian Amazonia: the grande Carajás programme
    • Hall A. Agrarian crisis in Brazilian Amazonia: the grande Carajás programme. Journal of Development Studies 1987, 23(4):522-552.
    • (1987) Journal of Development Studies , vol.23 , Issue.4 , pp. 522-552
    • Hall, A.1
  • 39
    • 4544345770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using analysis to assess bioterrorist risk to the U.S. food supply
    • Hope B.K. Using analysis to assess bioterrorist risk to the U.S. food supply. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment 2004, 10(2):327-347.
    • (2004) Human and Ecological Risk Assessment , vol.10 , Issue.2 , pp. 327-347
    • Hope, B.K.1
  • 41
    • 84878483527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IBGE (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística), 2006. Censo Agropecuário, Rio de Janeiro.
    • IBGE (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística), 2006. Censo Agropecuário, Rio de Janeiro.
  • 42
    • 84878517784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • INCRA (Instituto Nacional de Colonização e Reforma Agrária), 2011. Diretoria de Obtenção de Terras e Implantação de Projetos de Assentamento, Relatório 227. Brasília, D.F.
    • INCRA (Instituto Nacional de Colonização e Reforma Agrária), 2011. Diretoria de Obtenção de Terras e Implantação de Projetos de Assentamento, Relatório 227. Brasília, D.F.
  • 43
    • 0031760936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conservation in Brazil's chocolate forest: the unlikely persistence of the traditional cocoa agroecosystem
    • Johns N.D. Conservation in Brazil's chocolate forest: the unlikely persistence of the traditional cocoa agroecosystem. Environmental Management 1999, 23:31-47.
    • (1999) Environmental Management , vol.23 , pp. 31-47
    • Johns, N.D.1
  • 44
    • 84878489753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Terrorismo biológico: Petistas são acusados de disseminar a praga que destruiu a lavoura de cacau no sul da Bahia. (accessed 26.10.11).
    • Junior, P., 2006. Terrorismo biológico: Petistas são acusados de disseminar a praga que destruiu a lavoura de cacau no sul da Bahia. (accessed 26.10.11). http://veja.abril.com.br/210606/p_060.html.
    • (2006)
    • Junior, P.1
  • 45
    • 84878503044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Responding to the Threat of Agroterrorism: Specific Recommendations for the United States Department of Agriculture. Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs. BCSIA Discussion Paper 2000-29. John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University.
    • Kohnen, A., 2000. Responding to the Threat of Agroterrorism: Specific Recommendations for the United States Department of Agriculture. Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs. BCSIA Discussion Paper 2000-29. John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University.
    • (2000)
    • Kohnen, A.1
  • 46
    • 84878499838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Liberation, 2012. Brazil: Landless Workers vs. Agribusiness. (last accessed 27.09.12).
    • Liberation, 2012. Brazil: Landless Workers vs. Agribusiness. (last accessed 27.09.12). http://www.pslweb.org.
  • 47
    • 0002801312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Run, radish, run
    • MacKenzie D. Run, radish, run. New Scientist 1999, 164(2217):36-39.
    • (1999) New Scientist , vol.164 , Issue.2217 , pp. 36-39
    • MacKenzie, D.1
  • 48
    • 0242574521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The threat of plant pathogen as weapons against U.S. crops
    • Madden L.V., Wheelis M. The threat of plant pathogen as weapons against U.S. crops. Annual review of Phytopathology 2003, 41:155-176.
    • (2003) Annual review of Phytopathology , vol.41 , pp. 155-176
    • Madden, L.V.1    Wheelis, M.2
  • 49
    • 84878522921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Global Strategy on Invasive Alien Species. Gland (Switzerland). IUCN, in collaboration with the Global Invasive Species Council.
    • McNeely, J.A., Mooney, H.A., Neville, L.E., Schei, P., Waage, J.K., 2001. A Global Strategy on Invasive Alien Species. Gland (Switzerland). IUCN, in collaboration with the Global Invasive Species Council.
    • (2001)
    • McNeely, J.A.1    Mooney, H.A.2    Neville, L.E.3    Schei, P.4    Waage, J.K.5
  • 51
    • 0036063081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biosecurity: moving toward a comprehensive approach
    • Meyerson L.A., Reaser J.K. Biosecurity: moving toward a comprehensive approach. BioScience 2002, 52:593-600.
    • (2002) BioScience , vol.52 , pp. 593-600
    • Meyerson, L.A.1    Reaser, J.K.2
  • 55
    • 84878515072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mudanças na ocupação econômica do litoral sul da Bahia: os exemplos de Belmonte e Canavieiras, Bahia
    • Nascimento D.M.C., Dominguez J.M.L., Mello e Silva S.B. Mudanças na ocupação econômica do litoral sul da Bahia: os exemplos de Belmonte e Canavieiras, Bahia. Revista Desenbahia 2009, 10:7-28.
    • (2009) Revista Desenbahia , vol.10 , pp. 7-28
    • Nascimento, D.M.C.1    Dominguez, J.M.L.2    Mello e Silva, S.B.3
  • 56
    • 0030301260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Witch's' broom disease of cocoa in Bahia: attempts at eradication and containment
    • Pereira J.L., Almeida L.C.C., Santos S.M. Witch's' broom disease of cocoa in Bahia: attempts at eradication and containment. Crop Protection 1996, 15(8):743-752.
    • (1996) Crop Protection , vol.15 , Issue.8 , pp. 743-752
    • Pereira, J.L.1    Almeida, L.C.C.2    Santos, S.M.3
  • 57
    • 0033986574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental and economic costs associated with non-indigenous species in the United States
    • Pimentel D., Lach L., Zuniga R., Morrison D. Environmental and economic costs associated with non-indigenous species in the United States. BioScience 2000, 50:53-65.
    • (2000) BioScience , vol.50 , pp. 53-65
    • Pimentel, D.1    Lach, L.2    Zuniga, R.3    Morrison, D.4
  • 58
    • 0029661744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Status of cacao witch's broom: biology, epidemiology, and management
    • Purdy L.H., Schmidt R.A. Status of cacao witch's broom: biology, epidemiology, and management. Annual Review of Phytopathology 1996, 34:573-594.
    • (1996) Annual Review of Phytopathology , vol.34 , pp. 573-594
    • Purdy, L.H.1    Schmidt, R.A.2
  • 59
    • 84878520052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RAND, 2010. Agroterrorism: What is the Threat and What Can be Done About It? National Defense Research Institute. Research Brief, Washington, DC.
    • RAND, 2010. Agroterrorism: What is the Threat and What Can be Done About It? National Defense Research Institute. Research Brief, Washington, DC. http://www.rand.org/pubs/research.
  • 60
    • 84878508531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Região, A., 1998. Fazendeiros e sem-terra fazem acordo para invasões no Sul da Bahia, July 12
    • Região, A., 1998. Fazendeiros e sem-terra fazem acordo para invasões no Sul da Bahia, July 12, p. 1.
  • 61
    • 33748904262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Políticas Trabalhista, Fundiária e de Crédito Agrícola no Brasil: Uma Avaliação Crítica
    • Rezende G.C. Políticas Trabalhista, Fundiária e de Crédito Agrícola no Brasil: Uma Avaliação Crítica. Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural 2006, 44(1):47-78.
    • (2006) Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural , vol.44 , Issue.1 , pp. 47-78
    • Rezende, G.C.1
  • 63
    • 10344240974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Slow death of Atlantic forest trees in cocoa agroforestry in southeastern Brazil
    • Rolim S.G., Chiarello A.G. Slow death of Atlantic forest trees in cocoa agroforestry in southeastern Brazil. Biodiversity and Conservation 2004, 13:2679-2694.
    • (2004) Biodiversity and Conservation , vol.13 , pp. 2679-2694
    • Rolim, S.G.1    Chiarello, A.G.2
  • 64
    • 0034901399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Examining fragmentation and loss of primary forest in the southern Bahian Atlantic forest of Brazil with radar imagery
    • Saatchi S., Agosti D., Alger K., Delabie J., Musinsky J. Examining fragmentation and loss of primary forest in the southern Bahian Atlantic forest of Brazil with radar imagery. Conservation Biology 2001, 15(4):867-875.
    • (2001) Conservation Biology , vol.15 , Issue.4 , pp. 867-875
    • Saatchi, S.1    Agosti, D.2    Alger, K.3    Delabie, J.4    Musinsky, J.5
  • 66
    • 84878474398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crop Biosecurity. APSnet. (15 September-31 October).
    • Schaad, N.W., Shaw, J.J., Vidaver, A., Leach, J., Erlick, B.J., 1999. Crop Biosecurity. APSnet. (15 September-31 October). http://www.apsnet.org.
    • (1999)
    • Schaad, N.W.1    Shaw, J.J.2    Vidaver, A.3    Leach, J.4    Erlick, B.J.5
  • 68
    • 29644447699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biocrimes, Microbial Forensics, and The Physician. 2 Pub. Libr. of Sci. 1242.
    • Schutzer, S.E., Budowle, B., Atlas, R.M., 2005. Biocrimes, Microbial Forensics, and The Physician. 2 Pub. Libr. of Sci. 1242. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1236212/pdf/pmed.0020337.pdf.
    • (2005)
    • Schutzer, S.E.1    Budowle, B.2    Atlas, R.M.3
  • 69
    • 34447577846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Responding to systemic crisis: the case of agroterrorism
    • Seebeck L. Responding to systemic crisis: the case of agroterrorism. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 2007, 30:691-721.
    • (2007) Studies in Conflict & Terrorism , vol.30 , pp. 691-721
    • Seebeck, L.1
  • 71
    • 84878501819 scopus 로고
    • Caracterização preliminary dos agrosistemas das regiões cacaueiras da Bahia e Espirito Santo. Boletim Técnico 156. CEPLAC/CEPEC, Ilhéus.
    • Silva, L.F., da and Leite, J., de, O., 1988. Caracterização preliminary dos agrosistemas das regiões cacaueiras da Bahia e Espirito Santo. Boletim Técnico 156. CEPLAC/CEPEC, Ilhéus.
    • (1988)
    • Silva, L.F.1    da Leite, J.2    de, O.3
  • 74
    • 84878505397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bioterorism: a threat to plant biosecurity? In: Strange, R.N., Gullino, M.L. (Eds.), The Role of Plant Pathology in Food Safety and Food Security. Plant Pathology in the 21st Century 3. doi: 10.10007/978-1-4020-89329_10.
    • Stack, J.P., Suffert, F., Gullino, M.L., 2010. Bioterorism: a threat to plant biosecurity? In: Strange, R.N., Gullino, M.L. (Eds.), The Role of Plant Pathology in Food Safety and Food Security. Plant Pathology in the 21st Century 3. doi: 10.10007/978-1-4020-89329_10.
    • (2010)
    • Stack, J.P.1    Suffert, F.2    Gullino, M.L.3
  • 75
    • 84878503527 scopus 로고
    • Diversification of the economy of the cacao coast of Bahia
    • Stevens R.L., Brandão P.R. Diversification of the economy of the cacao coast of Bahia. Brazil. Economic Geography 1961, 37(3):231-253.
    • (1961) Brazil. Economic Geography , vol.37 , Issue.3 , pp. 231-253
    • Stevens, R.L.1    Brandão, P.R.2
  • 76
    • 84878515944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • a edição. UNESP, São Paulo.
    • a edição. UNESP, São Paulo.
    • (2001)
    • Tavares, L.H.D.1
  • 80
    • 84878476251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • State-Society Relations on the Agricultural Frontier: The Struggle for Credit in the Transamazonia Region. Ph.D. Diss. Department of Political Science, University of Florida, Gainesville.
    • Toni, F., 1999. State-Society Relations on the Agricultural Frontier: The Struggle for Credit in the Transamazonia Region. Ph.D. Diss. Department of Political Science, University of Florida, Gainesville.
    • (1999)
    • Toni, F.1
  • 82
    • 1942449517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bioterrorism: threats and responses
    • MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, J. Lederberg (Ed.)
    • Tucker J.B. Bioterrorism: threats and responses. Biological Weapons - Limiting the Threat 1999, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA. J. Lederberg (Ed.).
    • (1999) Biological Weapons - Limiting the Threat
    • Tucker, J.B.1
  • 84
    • 84878502453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patron-Client Relations and Politics in Brazil. Research Papers in Environmental and Spatial Analysis. N 58. London School of Economics, London.
    • Valença, M., 1999. Patron-Client Relations and Politics in Brazil. Research Papers in Environmental and Spatial Analysis. N 58. London School of Economics, London.
    • (1999)
    • Valença, M.1
  • 85
    • 75649114758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estratégias de resistência do movimento camponês brasileiro em frente das novas táticas de controle do agronegócio transnacional
    • Welch C.A. Estratégias de resistência do movimento camponês brasileiro em frente das novas táticas de controle do agronegócio transnacional. Revista Nera 2004, 6:35-45.
    • (2004) Revista Nera , vol.6 , pp. 35-45
    • Welch, C.A.1
  • 86
    • 0036063051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biological attack on agriculture: low-tech, high-impact bioterrorism
    • Wheelis M., Casagrande R., Madden L.V. Biological attack on agriculture: low-tech, high-impact bioterrorism. BioScience 2002, 52(7):569-576.
    • (2002) BioScience , vol.52 , Issue.7 , pp. 569-576
    • Wheelis, M.1    Casagrande, R.2    Madden, L.V.3
  • 87
    • 84878507825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Agricultural Biowarfare and Bioterrorism. Edmonds Institute, Edmonds, WA. (20.05.02).
    • Wheelis, M., 2000. Agricultural Biowarfare and Bioterrorism. Edmonds Institute, Edmonds, WA. (20.05.02). http://www.fas.org/bwc/agr/main.htm.
    • (2000)
    • Wheelis, M.1
  • 88
  • 89
    • 15044338564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Agrarian moral economies and neo-liberalism in Brazil: competing world-views and the state in the struggle for land
    • Wolford W. Agrarian moral economies and neo-liberalism in Brazil: competing world-views and the state in the struggle for land. Environment and Planning A 2005, 37:241-261.
    • (2005) Environment and Planning A , vol.37 , pp. 241-261
    • Wolford, W.1
  • 90
    • 28344441679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • This land is ours now: spatial imaginaries and the struggle for land in Brazil
    • Wolford W. This land is ours now: spatial imaginaries and the struggle for land in Brazil. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 2004, 94(2):409-424.
    • (2004) Annals of the Association of American Geographers , vol.94 , Issue.2 , pp. 409-424
    • Wolford, W.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.