Intersecting Cultural Beliefs in Social Relations: Gender, Race, and Class Binds and Freedoms

Gender and Society

Volumn 27, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 294-318

  Ridgeway, Cecilia L ^a   Kricheli Katz, Tamar ^b  

^a STANFORD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY   (Israel)

Author keywords

class; gender; race; social psychology; theory

Indexed keywords

EID: 84877816914     PISSN: 08912432     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0891243213479445     Document Type: Article

References (69)

1. Acker JoanClass questions. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield; 2006:.
2. Beisel Nicola,Kay Tamara.Abortion, race and gender in nineteenth-century America.American Sociological Review. 2004;69:498-518.
3. Berger Joseph,Webster MurrayContemporary social psychological theories. Burke Peter J., ed. Stanford: Stanford University Press; 2006:.
4. Bourdieu PierreDistinction. translated by R. Nice. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; 1984:.
5. Brewer Marilynn B.Advances in social cognition. Srull T.Wyer R. S., ed. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum; 1988:.
6. Brewer Marilynn B.,Lui Layton N.The primacy of age and sex in the structure of person categories.Social Cognition. 1989;7:262-74.
7. Browne Irene,Misra Joya.The intersection of gender and race in labor markets.Annual Review of Sociology. 2003;29:487-513.
8. Chen Anthony.Lives at the center of the periphery, lives at the periphery of the center: Chinese American masculinities and bargaining with hegemony.Gender & Society. 1999;13:584-607.
9. Cheng CliffMasculinities in organizations. Cheng C., ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; 1996:.
10. Chwe Michael S.Rational ritual. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; 2001:.
11. Collins Patricia HillBlack feminist thought. Boston, MA: Unwin Hyman; 1990:.
12. Collins Patricia HillRevisioning gender. Lorber JudithFerree Myra MarxHess Beth, ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; 1999:.
13. Connell R. W.Masculinities. Berkeley: University of California Press; 1995:.
14. Crenshaw Kimberle W.Demarginalizing the intersection of race and sex: A Black feminist critique of antidiscrimination doctrine, feminist theory and antiracist politics.University of Chicago Legal Forum. 1989;:139-67.
15. Cuddy Amy J.,Fiske Susan T.,Glick Peter.The BIAS map: Behaviors from intergroup affect and stereotypes.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2007;92:631-48.
16. Espiritu Yen LeAsian American women and men. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; 1997:.
17. Feagin Joe R.The continuing significance of race: Antiblack discrimination in public places.American Sociological Review. 1991;56:101-16.
18. Fiske Susan T.Handbook of social psychology. Fiske S. T.Gilbert D. T.Lindzey G., ed. New York, NY: John Wiley; 2010:.
19. Fiske Susan T.,Cuddy Amy J.,Glick Peter,Xu Jun.A model of (often mixed) stereotype content: Competence and warmth respectively follow from perceived status and competition.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2002;82:878-902.
20. Freeman Jonathan B.,Ambady Nalini.A dynamic interactive theory of person construal.Psychological Review. 2011;118:247-79.
21. Freeman Jonathan,Penner Andrew M.,Saperstein Aliya,Scheutz Matthias,Ambady Nalini.Looking the part: Social status cues shape race perception.PLoS One. 2011;6:e25107.
22. Galinsky Adam D.,Hall Erika V.,Cuddy Amy.Gendered races: Implications for interracial marriage, leadership selection, and athletic participation.Psychological Science.:.
23. Glenn Evelyn NakanoRevisioning gender. Ferree M. M.Lorber J.Hess B. B., ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; 1999:.
24. Goff Phillip A.,Eberhardt Jennifer L.,Williams Melissa,Jackson Matthew C.Not yet human: Implicit knowledge, historical dehumanization, and contemporary consequences.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2008;94:292-306.
25. Goff Phillip A.,Thomas Margaret,Jackson Matthew C.Ain't I a woman?.Sex Roles. 2008;59:392-403.
26. hooks bellTalking back. Boston, MA: South End Press; 1989:.
27. Ito Tiffany A.,Urland Geoffrey R.Race and gender on the brain.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2003;85:616-26.
28. Johnson Kerri L.,Freeman Jonathan B.,Pauker Kristin.Race is gendered: How co-varying phenotypes and stereotypes bias sex categorization.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2012;102:116-31.
29. Kilbourne Barbara,England Paula,Beron Kurt.Effects of individual, occupational, and industrial characteristics on earnings: Intersections of race and gender.Social Forces. 1994;72:1149-76.
30. Kluegel James R.,Smith Elliott R.Beliefs about inequality. Edison, NJ: Aldine Transaction; 1986:.
31. Kunda Ziva,Spencer Steven J.When do stereotypes come to mind and when do they color judgment?.Psychological Bulletin. 2003;129:522-54.
32. Livingston Robert W.,Pearce Nicholas A.The teddy-bear effect: Does having a baby face benefit Black chief executive officers?.Psychological Science. 2009;20:1229-36.
33. Livingston Robert W.,Shelby Rosette Ashleigh,Washington Ella F.Can an agentic Black woman get ahead? The impact of race and interpersonal dominance on perceptions of female leaders.Psychological Science. 2012;23:346-53.
34. Macrae C. Neil,Quadflieg SusanneHandbook of social psychology. 2010. Perceiving people. In Handbook of social psychology, 5th ed., vol. I, edited by FiskeS. T.GilbertD. T.LindzeyG.New York, NY: John Wiley.Fiske S. T.Gilbert D. T.Lindzey G., ed. New York, NY: John Wiley; 2010:.
35. McCall Leslie.The complexity of intersectionality.Signs. 2005;30:1772-1800.
36. McDermott MonicaWorking class white. Berkeley: University of California Press; 2006:.
37. McDermott MonicaMarkus Hazel,Moya PaulaDoing race. New York, NY: Norton; 2010:.
38. McGuire Gail M.,Reskin Barbara F.Authority hierarchies at work.Gender & Society. 1993;7:487-506.
39. Messner Michael A.Power at play. Boston, MA: Beacon; 1992:.
40. Morning AnnThe nature of race. Berkeley: University of California Press; 2011:.
41. Ong Maria.Body projects of young women of color in physics.Social Problems. 2005;52:593-617.
42. PedullaDavid S.2012. The positive consequences of negative stereotypes: Race, sexual orientation, and the job application process. Working Paper 7, Center for the Study of Social Organization, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ.
43. Penner Andrew M.,Saperstein AliyaGender & Society. 2013:.
44. Peplau Letitia A.,Fingerhut Adam.The paradox of the lesbian worker.Journal of Social Issues. 2004;60:719-35.
45. Prentice Deborah A.,Erica Carranza.What women and men should be, shouldn't be, are allowed to be, and don't have to be.Psychology of Women Quarterly. 2002;26:269-81.
46. Prentice Deborah A.,Miller Dale T.Essentializing differences between women and men.Psychological Science. 2006;17:129-35.
47. Purdie-Vaughns Valerie J.,Eibach Richard P.Intersectional invisibility.Sex Roles. 2008;59:377-91.
48. RichardsonErika V.PhillipsKatherine W.RudmanLaurie A.GlickPeter. 2011. Double jeopardy or greater latitude: Do Black women escape backlash for dominance displays? Working paper, Northwestern University.
49. Ridgeway Cecilia L.Framed by gender. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2011:.
50. Ridgeway Cecilia L.,Correll Shelley J.Unpacking the gender system: A theoretical perspective on cultural beliefs and social relations.Gender & Society. 2004;18:510-31.
51. Ridgeway Cecilia L.,Fisk Susan R.Facing social class. Fiske Susan T.Markus Hazel, ed. New York, NY: Russell Sage; 2012:.
52. Ridgeway Cecilia L.,Smith-Lovin Lynn.The gender system and interaction.Annual Review of Sociology. 1999;25:191-216.
53. Risman Barbara J.Gender as a social structure.Gender & Society. 2004;18:429-50.
54. Rosette Ashleigh S.,Livingston Robert W.Failure is not an option for Black women: Effects of organizational performance on leaders with single- versus dual-subordinate identities.Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 2012;48:1162-67.
55. Rudman Laurie A.,Moss-Racusin Corinne A.,Phelan Julie E.,Nauts Sanne.Status incongruity and backlash effects: Defending the gender hierarchy motivates prejudice against female leaders.Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 2012;48:165-79.
56. Saperstein Aliya,Penner Andrew.Racial fluidity and inequality in the United States.American Journal of Sociology. 2012;118:676-727.
57. Schneider Donald J.The psychology of stereotyping. New York, NY: Guilford; 2004:.
58. Sesko Amanda K.,Biernat Monica.Prototypes of race and gender: The invisibility of Black women.Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 2010;46:356-60.
59. Sewell William H.A theory of structure.American Journal of Sociology. 1992;98:1-29.
60. Stangor Charles,Lynch Laure,Duan Changming,Glass Beth.Categorization of individuals on the basis of multiple social features.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1992;62:207-18.
61. Stryker Sheldon,Vryan Kevin D.The handbook of social psychology. Delamater J., ed. New York, NY: Kluwer Academic/Plenum; 2003:.
62. Stuber Jenny M.Talk of class: The discursive repertoires of white working- and upper-middle-class college students.Journal of Contemporary Ethnography. 2006;35:285-318.
63. van Knippenberg Ad,Dijkersterhuis Ap.Social categorization and stereotyping.European Review of Social Psychology. 2000;11:105-44.
64. Webster Murray,Driskell James E.Status generalization.American Sociological Review. 1978;43:220-36.
65. Webster Murray,Foschi MarthaStatus generalization. Webster M.Foschi M., ed. Stanford: Stanford University Press; 1988:.
66. West Candace,Fenstermaker Sarah.Doing difference.Gender & Society. 1995;9:8-37.
67. Wilkins Clara L.,Chan Joy F.,Kaiser Cheryl R.Racial stereotypes and interracial attraction: Phenotypic prototypicality and perceived attractiveness of Asians.Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology. 2011;17:427-31.
68. Wingfield Aida.Are some emotions marked "whites only?".Gender & Society. 2008;57:251-68.
69. Wu FrankYellow. New York, NY: Basic Books; 2002:.