Gender as a social structure: Theory wrestling with activism

Gender and Society

Volumn 18, Issue 4, 2004, Pages 429-450

  Risman, Barbara J ^a  

^a NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Feminist theory; Gender theory; Social change; Social structure

Indexed keywords

EID: 3142784320     PISSN: 08912432     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0891243204265349     Document Type: Review

References (69)

1. Andersen, Margaret, and Patricia Hill Collins. 1994. Race, class, and gender: An anthology. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
2. Baca Zinn, Maxine, and Bonnie Thornton Dill. 1994. Women of color in U.S. society. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
3. Bem, Sandra. 1993. The lenses of gender. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
4. Bianchi, Suzanne M., Melissa A. Milkie, Liana C. Sayer, and John P. Robinson. 2000. Is anyone doing the housework? Trends in the gender division of household labor. Social Forces 79 (1): 191-228.
5. Bielby, William T. 2000. Minimizing workplace gender and racial bias. Contemporary Sociology 29 (1): 120-29.
6. Blau, Peter. 1977. Inequality and heterogeneity. New York: Free Press.
7. Bonilla-Silva, Eduardo. 1997. Rethinking racism: Toward a structural interpretation. American Sociological Review 62 (3): 465-80.
8. Brines, Julie. 1994. Economic dependency, gender, and the division of labor at home. American Journal of Sociology 100 (3): 652-88.
9. Burawoy, Michael. Forthcoming. Public sociologies contradictions, dilemmas and possibilities. Social Forces.
10. Burl, Ronald S. 1982. Toward a structural theory of action. New York: Academic Press.
11. Calhoun, Cheshire. 2000. Feminism, the family, and the politics of the closet: Lesbian and gay displacement. New York: Oxford University Press.
12. Collins, Patricia Hill. 1990. Black feminist thought: Knowledge, consciousness, and the politics of empowerment. New York: Routledge.
13. _. 1998. Fighting words: Black women and the search for justice. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
14. _. 2004. Black sexual politics: African Americans, gender, and the new racism. New York: Routledge.
15. Connell, R. W. 1987. Gender and power: Society, the person, and sexual politics. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
16. _. 2002. Gender: Short introductions. Maiden, MA: Blackwell.
17. Coverman, Shelley. 1985. Explaining husbands' participation in domestic labor. Sociological Quarterly 26(1): 81-97.
18. England, Paula, and Irene Browne. 1992. Internalization and constraint in women's subordination. Current Perspectives in Social Theory 12:97-123.
19. Espiritu, Yen Le. 1997. Asian American women and men: Labor, laws, and love. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
20. Fenstermaker Berk, Sarah. 1985. The gender factory: The apportionment of work in American households. New York: Plenum.
21. Ferree, Myra Marx. 1990. Beyond separate spheres: Feminism and family research. Journal of Marriage and the Family 53 (4): 866-84.
22. Ferree, Myra Marx, Judith Lorber, and Beth Hess. 1999. Revisioninggender. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
23. Fox, Faulkner. 2003. Dispatches from a not-so-perfect Life: On how I learned to love the house, the man, the child. New York: Harmony Books.
24. Fuchs Epstein, Cynthia. 1988. Deceptive distinctions: Sex, gender, and the social order. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
25. Giddens, Anthony. 1984. The constitution of society: Outline of the theory of structuration. Berkeley: University of California Press.
26. Greenstein, Theodore N. 1996. Husbands' participation in domestic labor: Interactive effects of wives' and husbands' gender ideologies. Journal of Marriage and the Family 58:585-95.
27. _. 2000. Economic dependence, gender, and the division of labor in the home: A replication and extension. Journal of Marriage and the Family 62 (2): 322-35.
28. Hanauer, Cathi. 2002. The bitch in the house: 26 women tell the truth about sex, solitude, work, motherhood, and marriage. New York: William Morrow.
29. Hochschild, Arlie. 1975. Inside the clockwork of male careers. In Women and the power to change, edited by Florence Howe. New York: McGraw Hill. Repr. in The commercialization of intimate life. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003.
30. Hochschild, Arlie. 1975. Inside the clockwork of male careers. In Women and the power to change, edited by Florence Howe. New York: McGraw Hill. Repr. in The commercialization of intimate life. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003.
31. Kanter, Rosabeth. 1977. Men and women of the corporation. New York: Basic Books.
32. Lorber, Judith. 1994. Paradoxes of gender. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
33. Martin, Patricia. 2003. "Said and done" versus "saying and doing": Gendering practices, practicing gender at work. Gender & Society 17:342-66.
34. _. Forthcoming. Gender as a social institution. Social Forces.
35. Myers, Kristen A., Cynthia D. Anderson, and Barbara J. Risman, eds. 1998. Feminist foundations: Toward transforming society. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
36. Pleck, Joseph H. 1985. Working wives/working husbands. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
37. Presser, Harriet B. 1994. Employment schedules among dual-earner spouses and the division of household labor by gender. American Sociological Review 59 (3): 348-64.
38. Reskin, Barbara. 1998. The realities of affirmative action in employment. Washington, DC: ASA.
39. _. 2000. The proximate causes of employment discrimination. Contemporary Sociology 29 (2): 319-28.
40. _. 2002. How did the poison get in Mr. Bartlett's stomach? Motives and mechanisms in explaining inequality. Presidential address given at the 97th annual meetings of the American Sociological Association, Chicago, August.
41. Rich, Adrienne. 1980. Compulsory heterosexuality and lesbian existence. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 5 (4): 631-60.
42. Ridgeway, Cecilia L. 1991. The social construction of status value: Gender and other nominal characteristics. Social Forces 70 (2): 367-86.
43. _. 1997. Interaction and the conservation of gender inequality: Considering employment. American Sociological Review 62 (2): 218-35.
44. _. 2001. Gender, status, and leadership. Journal of Social Issues 57 (4): 637-55.
45. Ridgeway, Cecilia L., and Shelley J. Correll. 2000. Limiting inequality through interaction: The end(s) of gender. Contemporary Sociology 29:110-20.
46. Ridgeway, Cecilia L., Kathy J. Kuipers, Elizabeth Heger Boyle, and Dawn T. Robinson. 1998. How do status beliefs develop? The role of resources and interactional experience. American Sociological Review 63:331-50.
47. Ridgeway, Cecilia L., and Lynn Smith-Lovin. 1999. The gender system and interaction. Annual Review of Sociology 25:191-216.
48. Risman, Barbara J. 1983. Necessity and the invention of mothering. Ph.D. diss, University of Washington.
49. _. 1987. Intimate relationships from a microstructural perspective: Mothering men. Gender & Society 1:6-32.
50. _. 1998. Gender vertigo: American families in transition. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
51. _. 2003. Valuing all flavors of feminist sociology. Gender & Society 17:659-63.
52. Risman, Barbara J., and Pepper Schwartz. 1989. Gender in intimate relationships. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
53. Robinson, John P., and Melissa A. Milkie. 1998. Back to the basics: Trends in and role determinants of women's attitudes toward housework. Journal of Marriage and the Family 60 (1): 205-18.
54. Rytina, Steve, Peter Blau, Jenny Blum, and Joseph Schwartz. 1988. Inequality and intermarriage: Paradox of motive and constraint. Social Forces 66:645-75.
55. Schwalbe, Michael, Sandra Godwin, Daphne Holden, Douglas Schrock, Shealy Thompson, and Michele Wolkomir. 2000. Generic processes in the reproduction of inequality: An interactionist analysis. Social Forces 79 (2): 419-52.
56. Scott, Joan Wallach. 1997. Comment on Hawkesworth's "Confounding Gender." Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 22 (3): 697-702.
57. Shelton, Beth Anne. 1992. Women, men and time: Gender differences in paid work, housework and leisure. Westport, CT: Greenwood.
58. Sherwood, Jessica. 2004. Talk about country clubs: Ideology and the reproduction of privilege. Ph.D. diss., North Carolina State University.
59. Smelser, Neil J. 1988. Social structure. In Handbook of sociology, edited by Neil J. Smelser. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
60. Staples, Robert. 1990. Social inequality and Black sexual pathology: The essential relationship. Black Scholar 21 (3): 29-37.
61. Stombler, Mindy, and Patricia Yancey Martin. 1994. Bring women in, keeping women down: Fraternity "little sister" organizations. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography 23:150-84.
62. Tilly, Charles. 1999. Durable inequality. Berkeley: University of California Press.
63. Twiggs, Joan E., Julia McQuillan, and Myra Marx Ferree. 1999. Meaning and measurement: Reconceptualizing measures of the division of household labor. Journal of Marriage and the Family 61 (3): 712-24.
64. Udry, J. Richard. 2000. Biological limits of gender construction. American Sociological Review 65: 443-57.
65. West, Candace, and Don Zimmerman. 1987. Doing gender Gender & Society 1:125-51.
66. Williams, Christine. 1992. The glass escalator: Hidden advantages for men in the "female" professions. Social Problems 39:253-67.
67. Williams, Joan. 2000. Unbending gender. Why family and work conflict and what to do about it. New York: Oxford University Press.
68. Yoder, Janice. 1991. Rethinking tokenism. Social Problems 5:178-92.
69. Zimmer, Lynn. 1988. Tokenism and women in the workplace: The limits of gender-neutral theory. Social Problems 35:64-77.