Access and success with less: Improving productivity in broad-access postsecondary institutions

Future of Children

Volumn 23, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 187-209

  Jenkins, Davis ^a   Rodríguez, Olga ^a  

^a Och Spine at New York Presbyterian Hospitals   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS; COST CONTROL; CURRICULUM; ECONOMICS; EDUCATION; EDUCATIONAL STATUS; HUMAN; QUALITY CONTROL; SCHOOL; STANDARDS; TRENDS; UNITED STATES; YOUNG ADULT;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; COST CONTROL; COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS; CURRICULUM; EDUCATION; EDUCATIONAL STATUS; HUMANS; QUALITY CONTROL; SCHOOLS; UNITED STATES; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84877725285     PISSN: 10548289     EISSN: 15501558     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1353/foc.2013.0000     Document Type: Article

References (96)

1. As of 2009, community colleges and public master's institutions enrolled 56.4 percent of all undergraduates. Donna M. Desrochers and Jane V. Wellman, Trends in College Spending, 1999-2009 (Washington: Delta Cost Project, 2011), figure 2, p. 11.
2. Michael W. Kirst, Mitchell L. Stevens, and Christopher Proctor, "Broad-Access Higher Education: A Research Framework for a New Era, " report of the conference on Reform and Innovation in the Changing Ecology of Higher Education: Inaugural Strategy Session (Stanford University, December 2-3, 2010) pp. 7-8.
3. Claudia Goldin, Larry Katz, and David Deming, "For-Profit Colleges, " Future of Children 23, no. 1 (2013).
4. This definition was used in: Jane Wellman, "Financial Characteristics of Broad-Access Public Institutions, " paper prepared for the Conference on Mapping Broad-Access Higher Education (Stanford University, December 2011).
5. As of 2009, community colleges and public master's institutions enrolled 56.4 percent of all undergraduates. Donna M. Desrochers and Jane V. Wellman, Trends in College Spending, 1999-2009 (Washington: Delta Cost Project, 2011), figure 2, p. 11.
6. Sallie Mae, How America Pays for College 2012. Sallie Mae's National Study of College Students and Parents Conducted by Ipsos Public Affairs (Washington: Salle Mae, 2012).
7. Sandy Baum, Charles Kurose, and Michael McPherson, "An Overview of American Higher Education, " Future of Children 22, no. 1 (2013).
8. On the distinction between productivity and efficiency, see William F. Massy, "Metrics for Efficiency and Effectiveness in Higher Education: Completing the Completion Agenda" (Washington: University of Virginia, Miller Center on Public Affairs, 2011).
9. Clive Belfield, "Measuring Efficiency in the Community College Sector, " Working Paper 43 (New York: Community College Research Center, Teachers College, Columbia University, April 2012).
10. Teresa A. Sullivan and others, Improving Measurement of Productivity in Higher Education, report of the Panel on Measuring Higher Education Productivity, Committee on National Statistics, Board on Testing and Assessment, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education; National Research Council (Washington: National Academy Press, 2012), p. 4-1.
11. Clive Belfield, "Measuring Efficiency in the Community College Sector, " Working Paper 43 (New York: Community College Research Center, Teachers College, Columbia University, April 2012).
12. William J. Baumol and William G. Bowen, Performing Arts, the Economic Dilemma: A Study of Problems Common to Theater, Opera, Music, and Dance (New York: Twentieth Century Fund, 1966).
13. Howard R. Bowen, The Cost of Higher Education: How Much Do Colleges and Universities Spend Per Student and How Much Should They Spend? (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1980).
14. Robert B. Archibald and David H. Feldman, "Explaining Increases in Higher Education Costs, " The Journal of Higher Education 79, no. 3 (2008): 268-95.
15. This definition was used in: Jane Wellman, "Financial Characteristics of Broad-Access Public Institutions, " paper prepared for the Conference on Mapping Broad-Access Higher Education (Stanford University, December 2011).
16. Clive Belfield, "Measuring Efficiency in the Community College Sector, " Working Paper 43 (New York: Community College Research Center, Teachers College, Columbia University, April 2012).
17. See discussion of the challenges in measuring costs in Bridget Terry Long, "The Supply Side of Higher Education: Education Finance and the Potential of Using Institutional Incentives to Support Student Success, " paper prepared for the conference on Reform and Innovation in the Changing Ecology of U.S. Higher Education (Stanford University, December 2-3, 2010).
18. This definition was used in: Jane Wellman, "Financial Characteristics of Broad-Access Public Institutions, " paper prepared for the Conference on Mapping Broad-Access Higher Education (Stanford University, December 2011).
19. Teresa A. Sullivan and others, Improving Measurement of Productivity in Higher Education, report of the Panel on Measuring Higher Education Productivity, Committee on National Statistics, Board on Testing and Assessment, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education; National Research Council (Washington: National Academy Press, 2012), p. 4-1.
20. Richard Arum and Josipa Roksa, Academically Adrift: Limited Learning on College Campuses (University of Chicago Press, 2010).
21. Teresa A. Sullivan and others, Improving Measurement of Productivity in Higher Education, report of the Panel on Measuring Higher Education Productivity, Committee on National Statistics, Board on Testing and Assessment, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education; National Research Council (Washington: National Academy Press, 2012), p. 4-1.
22. Morris M. Kleiner, "Occupational Licensing, " Journal of Economic Perspectives 14, no. 4 (2000): 189-202.
23. Peter Ewell, "Twenty Years of Quality Assurance in Higher Education: What's Happened and What's Different?" Quality in Higher Education 16, no. 2 (2010): 173-75.
24. George D. Kuh and Peter T. Ewell, "The State of Learning Outcomes Assessment in the United States, " Higher Education Management and Policy 22, no. 1 (2010): 9-28.
25. Teresa A. Sullivan and others, Improving Measurement of Productivity in Higher Education, report of the Panel on Measuring Higher Education Productivity, Committee on National Statistics, Board on Testing and Assessment, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education; National Research Council (Washington: National Academy Press, 2012), p. 4-1.
26. See, for example, Anthony P. Carnevale, Jeff Strohl, and Michelle Melton, What's It Worth? The Economic Value of a College Major (Washington: Georgetown University, Center on Education and the Economy, May 2011).
27. Clive Belfield and Thomas Bailey, "The Benefits of Attending Community College: A Review of the Evidence, " Community College Review 39, no. 1 (2011): 46-68.
28. John Bound, Michael F. Lovenheim, and Sarah Turner, "Why Have College Completion Rates Declined? An Analysis of Changing Student Preparation and Collegiate Resources, " American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 2, no. 3 (July 2010): 129-57.
29. Clive Belfield, "Measuring Efficiency in the Community College Sector, " Working Paper 43 (New York: Community College Research Center, Teachers College, Columbia University, April 2012).
30. Peter Ewell, "Twenty Years of Quality Assurance in Higher Education: What's Happened and What's Different?" Quality in Higher Education 16, no. 2 (2010): 173-75.
31. Andrea Venezia and Laura Jaeger, "The Bridge between High School and Postsecondary Education, " Future of Children 23, no. 1 (2013).
32. As of 2009, community colleges and public master's institutions enrolled 56.4 percent of all undergraduates. Donna M. Desrochers and Jane V. Wellman, Trends in College Spending, 1999-2009 (Washington: Delta Cost Project, 2011), figure 2, p. 11.
33. This definition was used in: Jane Wellman, "Financial Characteristics of Broad-Access Public Institutions, " paper prepared for the Conference on Mapping Broad-Access Higher Education (Stanford University, December 2011).
34. This definition was used in: Jane Wellman, "Financial Characteristics of Broad-Access Public Institutions, " paper prepared for the Conference on Mapping Broad-Access Higher Education (Stanford University, December 2011).
35. As of 2009, community colleges and public master's institutions enrolled 56.4 percent of all undergraduates. Donna M. Desrochers and Jane V. Wellman, Trends in College Spending, 1999-2009 (Washington: Delta Cost Project, 2011), figure 2, p. 11.
36. Recent studies indicate that the labor market returns of short-term certificates may be weak in relation to those of longer-term certificates and associate's degrees. See Mina Dadgar and Madeline Weiss, "Labor Market Returns to Subbaccalaureate Credentials: A Quasi-Experimental Analysis of Community College Students in Washington State, " Working Paper 45 (New York: Community College Research Center, Teachers College, Columbia University, 2012).
37. Christopher Jepsen, Kenneth Troske, and Paul Coomes, "The Labor-Market Returns to Community College Degrees, Diplomas, and Certificates, " Working Paper 2009-08 (Lexington, Ky.: University of Kentucky Center for Poverty Research, October 2009).
38. As of 2009, community colleges and public master's institutions enrolled 56.4 percent of all undergraduates. Donna M. Desrochers and Jane V. Wellman, Trends in College Spending, 1999-2009 (Washington: Delta Cost Project, 2011), figure 2, p. 11.
39. Clive Belfield, "Measuring Efficiency in the Community College Sector, " Working Paper 43 (New York: Community College Research Center, Teachers College, Columbia University, April 2012).
40. Sandy Baum, Charles Kurose, and Michael McPherson, "An Overview of American Higher Education, " Future of Children 22, no. 1 (2013).
41. As of 2009, community colleges and public master's institutions enrolled 56.4 percent of all undergraduates. Donna M. Desrochers and Jane V. Wellman, Trends in College Spending, 1999-2009 (Washington: Delta Cost Project, 2011), figure 2, p. 11.
42. This definition was used in: Jane Wellman, "Financial Characteristics of Broad-Access Public Institutions, " paper prepared for the Conference on Mapping Broad-Access Higher Education (Stanford University, December 2011).
43. Figures for 1992 are from: Thomas D. Snyder and Charlene M. Hoffman, "Digest of Education Statistics 1995, " NCES 95-029 (Washington: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics).
44. Those for 2010 are from: Laura G. Knapp, Janice E. Kelly-Reid, and Scott A. Grinder, "Employees in Postsecondary Institutions, Fall 2010, and Salaries of Full-Time Instructional Staff, 2010-11, " NCES 2012-276 (Washington: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 2011). Note that these figures are for all public four-year institutions; the proportion of part-time faculty at broad-access public four-year institutions is likely to be higher than the average for all public four-year institutions.
45. For example, studies that found a negative association between the use of adjuncts and student outcomes include: Ronald G. Ehrenberg and Liang Zhang, "Do Tenured and Tenure-Track Faculty Matter?" Journal of Human Resources 49, no. 3 (2005): 647-59.
46. Daniel Jacoby, "Effects of Part-Time Faculty Employment on Community College Graduation Rates, " Journal of Higher Education 77, no. 6 (2006): 1081-1103
47. Thomas Bailey and others, "Community College Student Success: What Institutional Characteristics Make a Difference?" Economics of Education Review 27, no. 6 (2008): 632-45
48. Kevin Eagan Jr. and Audrey J. Jaeger, "Effects of Exposure to Part-Time Faculty on Community College Transfer, " Research in Higher Education 50 (March 2009): 168-88.
49. Eric P. Bettinger and Bridget T. Long, "Does Cheaper Mean Better? The Impact of Using Adjunct Instructors on Student Outcomes, " Review of Economics and Statistics 92, no. 3 (2010): 598-613.
50. Douglas N. Harris and Sara Goldrick-Rab, "The (Un)Productivity of American Higher Education: From 'Cost Disease' to Cost-Effectiveness, " Working Paper 2010-023 (Madison, Wis.: University of Wisconsin-Madison, Robert M. La Follette School of Public Affairs, 2010). p. 33.
51. Thomas D. Snyder and Charlene M. Hoffman, "Digest of Education Statistics, 1999, " NCES 2000-031 (Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2000).
52. "Digest of Education Statistics: 2010, table 257, " U.S. Department of Education, Institute on Education Sciences. (http://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d10/tables/dt10_257.asp?referrer=list). Statistics are for fall 2009. Separate figures are not available for broad-access public four-year institutions compared to more selective public four-year institutions.
53. Bound, Lovenheim, and Turner, "Why Have College Completion Rates Declined" (see note 26), p. 142.
54. Bound, Lovenheim, and Turner, "Why Have College Completion Rates Declined" (see note 26), p. 142.
55. Douglas N. Harris and Sara Goldrick-Rab, "The (Un)Productivity of American Higher Education: From 'Cost Disease' to Cost-Effectiveness, " Working Paper 2010-023 (Madison, Wis.: University of Wisconsin-Madison, Robert M. La Follette School of Public Affairs, 2010). p. 33.
56. Douglas N. Harris and Sara Goldrick-Rab, "The (Un)Productivity of American Higher Education: From 'Cost Disease' to Cost-Effectiveness, " Working Paper 2010-023 (Madison, Wis.: University of Wisconsin-Madison, Robert M. La Follette School of Public Affairs, 2010). p. 33.
57. Eric Bettinger, Bridget Terry Long, and Angela Boatman, "Student Supports: Developmental Education and Other Academic Programs, " Future of Children 23, no.1 (2013).
58. Douglas N. Harris and Sara Goldrick-Rab, "The (Un)Productivity of American Higher Education: From 'Cost Disease' to Cost-Effectiveness, " Working Paper 2010-023 (Madison, Wis.: University of Wisconsin-Madison, Robert M. La Follette School of Public Affairs, 2010). p. 33.
59. Colleen Sommo and others, Commencement Day: Six-Year Effects of a Freshman Learning Community Program at Kingsborough Community College (New York: MDRC, July 2012).
60. Mary G. Visher and others, The Effects of Learning Communities for Students in Developmental Education: A Synthesis of Findings from Six Community Colleges (New York: National Center for Postsecondary Research, July 2012).
61. Colleen Sommo and others, Commencement Day: Six-Year Effects of a Freshman Learning Community Program at Kingsborough Community College (New York: MDRC, July 2012).
62. Bradford Bell and Jessica Federman, "E-learning in Postsecondary Education, " Future of Children 23, no. 1 (2013).
63. See Di Xu and Shanna S. Jaggars, "The Effectiveness of Distance Education across Virginia's Community Colleges: Evidence from Introductory College-Level Math and English Courses, " Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis 33, no. 3 (2011): 360-77.
64. Shanna S. Jaggars, "Online Learning: Does It Help Low-Income and Underprepared Students?" Working Paper 26 (New York: Community College Research Center, Teachers College, Columbia University, 2011).
65. Carol Twigg, "Improving Quality and Reducing Costs: The Case for Redesign, " in Course Corrections: Experts Offer Solutions to the College Cost Crisis (Indianapolis: Lumina Foundation, October 2005), pp. 32-49.
66. For a review of the literature, see Davis Jenkins, "Redesigning Community Colleges for Completion: Lessons from Research on High-Performance Organizations, " Working Paper 24 (New York: Community College Research Center, Teachers College, Columbia University, January 2011), pp. 10-12.
67. Patrick T. Terenzini, Hyun Kyoung Ro, and Alexander C. Yin, "Between College Effects on Students Reconsidered, " paper presented at the meeting of the Association for the Study of Higher Education (Indianapolis, November 18, 2010).
68. George D. Kuh and others, Student Success in College: Creating Conditions that Matter (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2005).
69. Davis Jenkins, "Institutional Effectiveness and Student Success: A Study of High-and Low-Impact Community Colleges, " Journal of Community College Research and Practice 31, no. 12 (2007): 945-62.
70. Judith Scott-Clayton, "The Shapeless River: Does a Lack of Structure Inhibit Students' Progress at Community Colleges?" Working Paper 25 (New York: Community College Research Center, Teachers College, Columbia University, January 2011).
71. Davis Jenkins and Sung-Woo Cho, "Get with the Program: Accelerating Community College Students' Entry into and Completion of Programs of Study, " Working Paper 32 (New York: Community College Research Center, Teachers College, Columbia University, Revised January 2012).
72. For a review of the literature, see Davis Jenkins, "Redesigning Community Colleges for Completion: Lessons from Research on High-Performance Organizations, " Working Paper 24 (New York: Community College Research Center, Teachers College, Columbia University, January 2011), pp. 10-12.
73. Patricia M. McDonough, Choosing Colleges: How Social Class and Schools Structure Opportunity (Albany: SUNY Press, 1997).
74. Melissa Roderick, Vanessa Coca, and Jenny Nagaoka, "Potholes on the Road to College: High School Effects in Shaping Urban Students' Participation in College Application, Four-Year Enrollment, and College Match, " Sociology of Education 84, no. 3 (2011): 178-211.
75. David Card, "Using Geographic Variation in College Proximity to Estimate the Return to Schooling, " Working Paper 4483 (Cambridge: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1993).
76. Cecilia E. Rouse, "Democratization or Diversion? The Effect of Community Colleges on Educational Attainment, " Journal of Business and Economic Statistics 13, no. 2 (1995): 217-24.
77. Jeffrey R. Kling, "Interpreting Instrumental Variables Estimates of the Returns to Schooling, " Journal of Business & Economic Statistics 19, no. 3 (2001): 358-64.
78. Ruth N. Lopez Turley, "College Proximity: Mapping Access to Opportunity, " Sociology of Education 82, no. 2 (2009): 126-46.
79. Kevin J. Dougherty and Vikash Reddy, "The Impacts of State Performance Funding Systems on Higher Education Institutions: Research Literature Review and Policy Recommendations, " Working Paper 37 (New York: Community College Research Center, Teachers College, Columbia University, 2012).
80. Kevin J. Dougherty and Vikash Reddy, "The Impacts of State Performance Funding Systems on Higher Education Institutions: Research Literature Review and Policy Recommendations, " Working Paper 37 (New York: Community College Research Center, Teachers College, Columbia University, 2012).
81. Kevin J. Dougherty and Esther Hong, "Performance Accountability as Imperfect Panacea: The Community College Experience, " in Defending the Community College Equity Agenda, edited by Thomas R. Bailey and Vanessa Smith Morrest (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2006), pp. 51-86.
82. Joseph C. Burke and Associates, editors, Achieving Accountability in Higher Education: Balancing Public, Academic, and Market Demands (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2005).
83. Kevin J. Dougherty and Vikash Reddy, "The Impacts of State Performance Funding Systems on Higher Education Institutions: Research Literature Review and Policy Recommendations, " Working Paper 37 (New York: Community College Research Center, Teachers College, Columbia University, 2012).
84. Joseph C. Burke and Associates, editors, Achieving Accountability in Higher Education: Balancing Public, Academic, and Market Demands (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2005).
85. Nancy Shulock and Davis Jenkins, "Performance Incentives to Improve Community College Completion: Learning from Washington State's Student Achievement Initiative. A State Policy Brief" (New York: Community College Research Center, Teachers College, Columbia University, 2011).
86. Davis Jenkins, Todd Ellwein, and Katherine Boswell, "Formative Evaluation of the Student Achievement Initiative 'Learning Year,'" report to the Washington State Board of Community and Technical Colleges and College Spark Washington (New York: Community College Research Center, Teachers College, Columbia University, 2009).
87. Nancy Shulock and Davis Jenkins, "Performance Incentives to Improve Community College Completion: Learning from Washington State's Student Achievement Initiative. A State Policy Brief" (New York: Community College Research Center, Teachers College, Columbia University, 2011).
88. William Zumeta, "Public Policy and Accountability in Higher Education, " in The States and Public Higher Education, edited by Donald E. Heller (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001), pp. 155-97.
89. Nancy Shulock and Davis Jenkins, "Performance Incentives to Improve Community College Completion: Learning from Washington State's Student Achievement Initiative. A State Policy Brief" (New York: Community College Research Center, Teachers College, Columbia University, 2011).
90. Thomas Harnisch, "Performance-Based Funding: A Re-emerging Strategy in Public Higher Education Financing, " Higher Education Policy Brief (Washington: American Association of State Colleges and Universities, 2011).
91. Thomas Sanford and James M. Hunter, "Impact of Performance Funding on Retention and Graduation Rates, " Educational Policy Analysis Archives 19, no. 33 (2011): 1-28.
92. Kevin J. Dougherty and Esther Hong, "Performance Accountability as Imperfect Panacea: The Community College Experience, " in Defending the Community College Equity Agenda, edited by Thomas R. Bailey and Vanessa Smith Morrest (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2006), pp. 51-86.
93. Thomas Sanford and James M. Hunter, "Impact of Performance Funding on Retention and Graduation Rates, " Educational Policy Analysis Archives 19, no. 33 (2011): 1-28.
94. Kevin J. Dougherty and Vikash Reddy, "The Impacts of State Performance Funding Systems on Higher Education Institutions: Research Literature Review and Policy Recommendations, " Working Paper 37 (New York: Community College Research Center, Teachers College, Columbia University, 2012).
95. The White House Office of the Press Secretary, "Fact Sheet: President Obama's Blueprint for Keeping College Affordable and Within Reach for All Americans, " press release, January 27, 2012.
96. Bradford Bell and Jessica Federman, "E-learning in Postsecondary Education, " Future of Children 23, no. 1 (2013).