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1
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36349017310
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Features associated with treatment failure in type 1 autoimmune hepatitis and predictive value of the model of end-stage liver disease
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Montano-Loza AJ, Carpenter HA, Czaja AJ. Features associated with treatment failure in type 1 autoimmune hepatitis and predictive value of the model of end-stage liver disease. Hepatology. 2007;46:1138-45. The frequency of recalcitrant autoimmune hepatitis and the factors that may identify problematic patients early are assessed. The model of end-stage liver disease (MELD score greater than or equal to 12 points at presentation) is shown to have high sensitivity (97 %) and specificity (68 %) for treatment failure.
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(2007)
Hepatology
, vol.46
, pp. 1138-1145
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Montano-Loza, A.J.1
Carpenter, H.A.2
Czaja, A.J.3
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2
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44949148177
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Safety issues in the management of autoimmune hepatitis
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18462189 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXlsFCmurc%3D 10.1517/14740338.7.3.319
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Czaja AJ. Safety issues in the management of autoimmune hepatitis. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2008;7:319-33.
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(2008)
Expert Opin Drug Saf.
, vol.7
, pp. 319-333
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Czaja, A.J.1
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3
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67349145925
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Rapidity of treatment response and outcome in type 1 autoimmune hepatitis
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19446908 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXntVKgurs%3D 10.1016/j.jhep.2009.02.026 Patients who respond to conventional treatment within 6 months are older, have a lower frequency of HLA DRB103 (36 % versus 76 %), progress to cirrhosis less commonly (18 % versus 54 %), and require liver transplantation less often (2 % versus 15 %) than patients who respond after 36 months
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•• Czaja AJ: Rapidity of treatment response and outcome in type 1 autoimmune hepatitis. J Hepatol. 2009;51:161-167. Patients who respond to conventional treatment within 6 months are older, have a lower frequency of HLA DRB103 (36 % versus 76 %), progress to cirrhosis less commonly (18 % versus 54 %), and require liver transplantation less often (2 % versus 15 %) than patients who respond after 36 months.
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(2009)
J Hepatol
, vol.51
, pp. 161-167
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Czaja, A.J.1
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4
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0036211577
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Sustained remission after corticosteroid therapy for type 1 autoimmune hepatitis: A retrospective analysis
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11915036 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XjtFSksLo%3D 10.1053/jhep.2002.32485
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Czaja AJ, Menon KV, Carpenter HA. Sustained remission after corticosteroid therapy for type 1 autoimmune hepatitis: a retrospective analysis. Hepatology. 2002;35:890-7.
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(2002)
Hepatology
, vol.35
, pp. 890-897
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Czaja, A.J.1
Menon, K.V.2
Carpenter, H.A.3
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5
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0036695065
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Treatment strategies in autoimmune hepatitis
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12362582 10.1016/S1089-3261(02)00028-4
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Czaja AJ. Treatment strategies in autoimmune hepatitis. Clin Liver Dis. 2002;6:799-824.
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(2002)
Clin Liver Dis.
, vol.6
, pp. 799-824
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Czaja, A.J.1
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6
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77952711598
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Practice Guidelines of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Diagnosis and management of autoimmune hepatitis
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20513004 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXnslyqtbc%3D 10.1002/hep.23584 Codified guidelines for the treatment of autoimmune hepatitis endorse the preference for high dose prednisone (or prednisolone) alone or combined with high dose azathioprine as first line treatment for recalcitrant autoimmune hepatitis (treatment failure)
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•• Manns MP, Czaja AJ, Gorham JD, et al.: Practice Guidelines of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Diagnosis and management of autoimmune hepatitis. Hepatology 2010;51:2193-2213. Codified guidelines for the treatment of autoimmune hepatitis endorse the preference for high dose prednisone (or prednisolone) alone or combined with high dose azathioprine as first line treatment for recalcitrant autoimmune hepatitis (treatment failure).
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(2010)
Hepatology
, vol.51
, pp. 2193-2213
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Manns, M.P.1
Czaja, A.J.2
Gorham, J.D.3
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7
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84866393237
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Systematic review: Managing suboptimal treatment responses in autoimmune hepatitis with conventional and nonstandard drugs
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22973822 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XhvVelu7zM 10.1111/apt.12042 The suboptimal responses to conventional corticosteroid therapy are incomplete (or partial) improvement, drug toxicity, and treatment failure (worsening despite complance with therapy), and the current and promising management strategies for each of these outcomes are presented
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•• Selvarajah V, Montano-Loza AJ, Czaja AJ: Systematic review: managing suboptimal treatment responses in autoimmune hepatitis with conventional and nonstandard drugs. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2012;36:691-707. The suboptimal responses to conventional corticosteroid therapy are incomplete (or partial) improvement, drug toxicity, and treatment failure (worsening despite complance with therapy), and the current and promising management strategies for each of these outcomes are presented.
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(2012)
Aliment Pharmacol Ther
, vol.36
, pp. 691-707
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Selvarajah, V.1
Montano-Loza, A.J.2
Czaja, A.J.3
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8
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68149089466
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Current and future treatments of autoimmune hepatitis
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19485809 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXms12jtL8%3D 10.1586/egh.09.15 The salvage therapies for patients refractory to conventional treatment include high dose corticosteroids with or without high dose azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine, mycophenolate mofetil, tacrolimus and cyclosporine, and liver transplantation, whereas molecular and cellular interventions are on the distant horizon
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•• Czaja AJ: Current and future treatments of autoimmune hepatitis. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009;3:269-291. The salvage therapies for patients refractory to conventional treatment include high dose corticosteroids with or without high dose azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine, mycophenolate mofetil, tacrolimus and cyclosporine, and liver transplantation, whereas molecular and cellular interventions are on the distant horizon.
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(2009)
Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol.
, vol.3
, pp. 269-291
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Czaja, A.J.1
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9
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77957893679
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Emerging opportunities for site-specific molecular and cellular interventions in autoimmune hepatitis
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20108036 10.1007/s10620-009-1122-8 The range of possible new therapies generated by advances in molecular and cellular technologies include synthetic analog peptides, dimeric recombinant molecules, monoclonal antibodies, oral tolerization technics, T cell vaccination, and small inhibitory RNAs
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•• Czaja AJ: Emerging opportunities for site-specific molecular and cellular interventions in autoimmune hepatitis. Dig Dis Sci. 2010;55:2712-2726. The range of possible new therapies generated by advances in molecular and cellular technologies include synthetic analog peptides, dimeric recombinant molecules, monoclonal antibodies, oral tolerization technics, T cell vaccination, and small inhibitory RNAs.
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(2010)
Dig Dis Sci
, vol.55
, pp. 2712-2726
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Czaja, A.J.1
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10
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80055088856
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Promising pharmacological, molecular and cellular treatments of autoimmune hepatitis
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21902661 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXhsVGqsbnK 10.2174/138161211798157568 The promising nonstandard drug therapies are the calcineurin inhibitors (cyclosporine, tacrolimus), mycophenolate mofetil, and rapamycin, whereas cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 fused with immunoglobulin, monoclonal antibodies to CD3 and CD20, adoptive transfer of regulatory T lymphocytes, mesenchymal stem cell transplantation, gene silencing, and gene replacement therapies are feasible interventions that deserve investigation as salvage therapies
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•• Czaja AJ: Promising pharmacological, molecular and cellular treatments of autoimmune hepatitis. Curr Pharm Des. 2011;17:3120-3140. The promising nonstandard drug therapies are the calcineurin inhibitors (cyclosporine, tacrolimus), mycophenolate mofetil, and rapamycin, whereas cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 fused with immunoglobulin, monoclonal antibodies to CD3 and CD20, adoptive transfer of regulatory T lymphocytes, mesenchymal stem cell transplantation, gene silencing, and gene replacement therapies are feasible interventions that deserve investigation as salvage therapies.
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(2011)
Curr Pharm des
, vol.17
, pp. 3120-3140
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Czaja, A.J.1
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11
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84866770664
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Autoimmune hepatitis: Focusing on treatments other than steroids
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22993733 The success of cyclosporine and tacrolimus as salvage agents ranges from 82-92 % in the compilation of published reports, whereas salvage with mycophenolate is 47 % and mainly in patients with azathioprine intolerance. Non-mitogenic monoclonal antibodies to CD3 and recombinant cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 fused with immunoglobulin constitute feasible molecular interventions for study in autoimmune hepatitis
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•• Czaja AJ: Autoimmune hepatitis: focusing on treatments other than steroids. Can J Gastroenterol. 2012;26:615-620. The success of cyclosporine and tacrolimus as salvage agents ranges from 82-92 % in the compilation of published reports, whereas salvage with mycophenolate is 47 % and mainly in patients with azathioprine intolerance. Non-mitogenic monoclonal antibodies to CD3 and recombinant cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 fused with immunoglobulin constitute feasible molecular interventions for study in autoimmune hepatitis.
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(2012)
Can J Gastroenterol
, vol.26
, pp. 615-620
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Czaja, A.J.1
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12
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84866391821
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Advances in the current treatment of autoimmune hepatitis
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22476586 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XhtFWhsL7N 10.1007/s10620-012-2151-2 Problematic patients are identified early by mathematical models, clinical phenotype (age≤ 30 years and HLA DRB103), rapidity of treatment response (≤24 months), presence of antibodies to soluble liver antigen, and non-white ethnicity, and the calcineurin inhibitors (cyclosporine and tacrolimus) are preferred to mycophenolate mofetil in steroid-refractory disease
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Czaja AJ: Advances in the current treatment of autoimmune hepatitis. Dig Dis Sci. 2012;57:1996-2010. Problematic patients are identified early by mathematical models, clinical phenotype (age≤ 30 years and HLA DRB103), rapidity of treatment response (≤24 months), presence of antibodies to soluble liver antigen, and non-white ethnicity, and the calcineurin inhibitors (cyclosporine and tacrolimus) are preferred to mycophenolate mofetil in steroid-refractory disease.
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(2012)
Dig Dis Sci
, vol.57
, pp. 1996-2010
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Czaja, A.J.1
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13
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84867739910
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Nonstandard drugs and feasible new interventions for autoimmune hepatitis. Part- i
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22563779 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38Xhs1eis7jK 10.2174/187152812803251006 The promising pharmcological agents for autoimmune hepatitis are the calcineurin inhibitors, mycophenolate mofetil, budesonide, and rapamycin, and the results of treatment with these drugs in animal models of human immune-mediated diseases and patients with autoimmune hepatitis or other autoimmune conditions are presented
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•• Czaja AJ: Nonstandard drugs and feasible new interventions for autoimmune hepatitis. Part- I. Inflamm Allergy Drug Targets. 2012;11:337-350. The promising pharmcological agents for autoimmune hepatitis are the calcineurin inhibitors, mycophenolate mofetil, budesonide, and rapamycin, and the results of treatment with these drugs in animal models of human immune-mediated diseases and patients with autoimmune hepatitis or other autoimmune conditions are presented.
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(2012)
Inflamm Allergy Drug Targets.
, vol.11
, pp. 337-350
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Czaja, A.J.1
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14
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84867739910
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Nonstandard drugs and feasible new interventions for autoimmune hepatitis. Part-II
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22563780 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38Xhs1eis7jL 10.2174/187152812803250980 Feasible new molecular and cellular interventions directed at critical sites in the pathogenic pathways of autoimmune hepatitis include monoclonal antibodies to CD3 and CD20, recombinant molecules of cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4, adoptive transfer of regulatory T cells, and manipulation of natural killer T cells with disease-specific glycolipid antigens
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•• Czaja AJ: Nonstandard drugs and feasible new interventions for autoimmune hepatitis. Part-II. Inflamm Allergy Drug Targets. 2012;11:351-363. Feasible new molecular and cellular interventions directed at critical sites in the pathogenic pathways of autoimmune hepatitis include monoclonal antibodies to CD3 and CD20, recombinant molecules of cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4, adoptive transfer of regulatory T cells, and manipulation of natural killer T cells with disease-specific glycolipid antigens.
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(2012)
Inflamm Allergy Drug Targets.
, vol.11
, pp. 351-363
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Czaja, A.J.1
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15
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79958130348
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Autoimmune hepatitis: The dilemma of rare diseases
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21524652 10.1053/j.gastro.2011.04.026 The difficulty in developing new therapies relate in part to the rarity of the disease, complacency with current therapy, absence of a collaborative network of investigators, and lack of funding. Progress will require strong societal support
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•• Manns MP: Autoimmune hepatitis: the dilemma of rare diseases. Gastroenterology 2011;140:1874-1876. The difficulty in developing new therapies relate in part to the rarity of the disease, complacency with current therapy, absence of a collaborative network of investigators, and lack of funding. Progress will require strong societal support.
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(2011)
Gastroenterology
, vol.140
, pp. 1874-1876
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Manns, M.P.1
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16
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Semin Liver Dis.
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12962824 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3svitlCrsA%3D%3D 10.1016/S0041-1345(03)00591-8
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Transplant Proc
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Nunez-Martinez, O.1
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Salcedo, M.3
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17902123 10.1002/lt.21181
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Cross TJ, Antoniades CG, Muiesan P, et al. Liver transplantation in patients over 60 and 65 years: an evaluation of long-term outcomes and survival. Liver Transpl. 2007;13:1382-8.
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Cross, T.J.1
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Muiesan, P.3
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19
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Autoimmune hepatitis and liver transplantation: Indications, results, and management of recurrent disease
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19676001 10.1055/s-0029-1233531 End stage liver failure reflected in a MELD score >16, intractable symptoms, newly diagnosed hepatocellular cancer, and acute severe (fulminant) hepatic failure are indications for liver transplant, and the procedure has a 10-year survival exceeding 70 %
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•• Tripathi D, Neuberger J: Autoimmune hepatitis and liver transplantation: indications, results, and management of recurrent disease. Semin Liver Dis. 2009;29:286-296. End stage liver failure reflected in a MELD score >16, intractable symptoms, newly diagnosed hepatocellular cancer, and acute severe (fulminant) hepatic failure are indications for liver transplant, and the procedure has a 10-year survival exceeding 70 %.
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Semin Liver Dis.
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Tripathi, D.1
Neuberger, J.2
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20
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77950638364
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Primary liver transplantation for autoimmune hepatitis: A comparative analysis of the European Liver Transplant Registry
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20373456 The 5-year survival after liver transplantation is 73 %, but it is worse in patients older than 50 years (61 %) and worse than the 5-year survival of primary biliary cirrhosis (83 %), possibly because of increased fatal infections in older patients with autoimmune hepatitis
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•• Schramm C, Bubenheim M, Adam R, et al.: Primary liver transplantation for autoimmune hepatitis: a comparative analysis of the European Liver Transplant Registry. Liver Transpl. 2010;16:461-469. The 5-year survival after liver transplantation is 73 %, but it is worse in patients older than 50 years (61 %) and worse than the 5-year survival of primary biliary cirrhosis (83 %), possibly because of increased fatal infections in older patients with autoimmune hepatitis.
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Liver Transpl
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Schramm, C.1
Bubenheim, M.2
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21
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11774954 1:STN:280:DC%2BD38%2Fksleitg%3D%3D 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2001. 05272.x
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Lim KN, Casanova RL, Boyer TD, Bruno CJ. Autoimmune hepatitis in African Americans: presenting features and response to therapy. Am J Gastroenterol. 2001;96:3390-4.
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Am J Gastroenterol
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Lim, K.N.1
Casanova, R.L.2
Boyer, T.D.3
Bruno, C.J.4
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22
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Characteristics of autoimmune hepatitis in patients who are not of European Caucasoid ethnic origin
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11950822 1:STN:280:DC%2BD383hsVegug%3D%3D 10.1136/gut.50.5.713
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Gut
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Zolfino, T.1
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23
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The impact of ethnicity on the natural history of autoimmune hepatitis
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17705297 10.1002/hep.21884
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Verma S, Torbenson M, Thuluvath PJ. The impact of ethnicity on the natural history of autoimmune hepatitis. Hepatology. 2007;46:1828-35.
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Hepatology
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Verma, S.1
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24
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Autoimmune hepatitis in special patient populations
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22117635 10.1016/j.bpg.2011.09.011 Different ethnic groups commonly have advanced hepatic fibrosis, rapidly progressive disease, or cholestatic features, and these special populations must be recognized and treated with tailored therapy
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•• Czaja AJ: Autoimmune hepatitis in special patient populations. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2011;25:689-700. Different ethnic groups commonly have advanced hepatic fibrosis, rapidly progressive disease, or cholestatic features, and these special populations must be recognized and treated with tailored therapy.
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Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol.
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Czaja, A.J.1
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25
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84855800153
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The impact of race/ethnicity on the clinical epidemiology of autoimmune hepatitis
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21814143 10.1097/MCG.0b013e318228b781 African-American patients with autoimmune hepatitis present with advanced disease and respond less well to conventional corticosteroid treatment than white patients; Hispanic American patients respond well to corticosteroid therapy; and Asian American patients have the highest mortality
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•• Wong RJ, Gish R, Frederick T, et al.: The impact of race/ethnicity on the clinical epidemiology of autoimmune hepatitis. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2012;46:155-161. African-American patients with autoimmune hepatitis present with advanced disease and respond less well to conventional corticosteroid treatment than white patients; Hispanic American patients respond well to corticosteroid therapy; and Asian American patients have the highest mortality.
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J Clin Gastroenterol
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Wong, R.J.1
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Clinical distinctions and pathogenic implications of type 1 autoimmune hepatitis in Brazil and the United States
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J Hepatol
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Racial disparity in liver disease: Biological, cultural, or socioeconomic factors
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18302296 10.1002/hep.22223
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Nguyen, G.C.1
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Distinctive clinical phenotype and treatment outcome of type 1 autoimmune hepatitis in the elderly
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Czaja AJ, Carpenter HA. Distinctive clinical phenotype and treatment outcome of type 1 autoimmune hepatitis in the elderly. Hepatology. 2006;43:532-8.
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29
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Associations between alleles of the major histocompatibility complex and type 1 autoimmune hepatitis
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9021941 1:STN:280:DyaK2s7nsVajtQ%3D%3D 10.1002/hep.510250211
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Czaja AJ, Strettell MD, Thomson LJ, et al. Associations between alleles of the major histocompatibility complex and type 1 autoimmune hepatitis. Hepatology. 1997;25:317-23.
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Czaja, A.J.1
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30
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0034807020
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Autoimmune hepatitis with incidental histologic features of bile duct injury
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11584360 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3Mrjs1SqsQ%3D%3D 10.1053/jhep.2001.27562
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Czaja AJ, Carpenter HA. Autoimmune hepatitis with incidental histologic features of bile duct injury. Hepatology. 2001;34:659-65.
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Hepatology
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31
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Frequency and nature of the variant syndromes of autoimmune liver disease
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9695997 1:STN:280:DyaK1czlvFWlug%3D%3D 10.1002/hep.510280210
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32
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Early predictors of corticosteroid treatment failure in icteric presentations of autoimmune hepatitis
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21374663 10.1002/hep.24141 Treatment failure can be predicted in treatment-naïve, jaundiced patients at presentation by the MELD score, MELD plus sodium score, and the United Kingdom end stage liver disease score (UKELD), and failure to decrease the UKELD score by 2 or more points within 7 days of treatment has a sensitivity of 85 % and specificity of 68 % for treatment failure
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•• Yeoman AD, Westbrook RH, Zen Y, et al.: Early predictors of corticosteroid treatment failure in icteric presentations of autoimmune hepatitis. Hepatology 2011;53:926-934. Treatment failure can be predicted in treatment-naïve, jaundiced patients at presentation by the MELD score, MELD plus sodium score, and the United Kingdom end stage liver disease score (UKELD), and failure to decrease the UKELD score by 2 or more points within 7 days of treatment has a sensitivity of 85 % and specificity of 68 % for treatment failure.
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Hepatology
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Yeoman, A.D.1
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33
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Antibodies to conformational epitopes of soluble liver antigen define a severe form of autoimmune liver disease
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11870381 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38Xitlyqsbk%3D 10.1053/jhep.2002.32092
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Ma Y, Okamoto M, Thomas MG, et al. Antibodies to conformational epitopes of soluble liver antigen define a severe form of autoimmune liver disease. Hepatology. 2002;35:658-64.
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Hepatology
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Ma, Y.1
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34
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0036174801
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Antibodies to soluble liver antigen/liver pancreas and HLA risk factors for type 1 autoimmune hepatitis
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11866281 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2002.05479.x
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Czaja AJ, Donaldson PT, Lohse AW. Antibodies to soluble liver antigen/liver pancreas and HLA risk factors for type 1 autoimmune hepatitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2002;97:413-9.
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Am J Gastroenterol
, vol.97
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Czaja, A.J.1
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Lohse, A.W.3
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35
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83255170463
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Prognostic implications of antibodies to Ro/SSA and soluble liver antigen in type 1 autoimmune hepatitis
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21745277 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XhsFCmsb0%3D 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2011.02502.x Ninety-six percent of patients with antibodies to soluble liver antigen have antibodies to Ro52, and antibodies to Ro52 alone or in conjunction with antibodies to soluble liver antigen are independently associated with the development of cirrhosis and death from hepatic failure or need for liver transplantation
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•• Montano-Loza AJ, Shums Z, Norman GL, Czaja AJ: Prognostic implications of antibodies to Ro/SSA and soluble liver antigen in type 1 autoimmune hepatitis. Liver Int. 2012;32:85-92. Ninety-six percent of patients with antibodies to soluble liver antigen have antibodies to Ro52, and antibodies to Ro52 alone or in conjunction with antibodies to soluble liver antigen are independently associated with the development of cirrhosis and death from hepatic failure or need for liver transplantation.
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(2012)
Liver Int
, vol.32
, pp. 85-92
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Montano-Loza, A.J.1
Shums, Z.2
Norman, G.L.3
Czaja, A.J.4
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36
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Autoantibodies as prognostic markers in autoimmune liver disease
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