Genetic Adjustment to Changing Climates: faba bean

Crop Adaptation to Climate Change

Volumn , Issue , 2011, Pages 269-286

  Duc, Gérard ^a   Link, Wolfgang ^a   Marget, Pascal ^b   Redden, Robert J ^c   Stoddard, Frederick L ^d   Torres, Ana Maria ^e   Cubero, Jose I ^f  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GÖTTINGEN   (Germany)

^b CEMAGREF   (France)

^c DEPARTMENT OF PRIMARY INDUSTRIES   (Australia)

^d UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI   (Finland)

^e IFAPA CENTRO ALAMEDA DEL OBISPO   (Spain)

^f UNIVERSITY OF CÓRDOBA   (Spain)

Author keywords

Biodiversity; Climate change; CO2; Disease; Drought; Field bean; Freezing; Heat; Parasites; Resistance; Salt; Vicia faba L.

Indexed keywords

EID: 84877288816     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9780470960929.ch19     Document Type: Chapter

References (144)

1. Amarger N (1988) The microbial aspects of faba bean culture. In: DP Beck and LA Materon (eds) Nitrogen Fixation by Legumes in Mediterranean Agriculture. ICARDA, Aleppo, Syria. ISBN 90 247 3624 2 pp. 173-178.
2. Arbaoui M, Balko C, LinkW(2008a) Study of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) winter hardiness and development of screening methods. Field Crops Research 106: 60-67.
3. Arbaoui M, Link W (2008) Effect of hardening on frost tolerance and fatty acid composition of leaves and stems of a set of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) genotypes. Euphytica 162: 211-219.
4. Arbaoui M, Link W, Satovic Z, Torres AM (2008b) Quantitative trait loci of frost tolerance and physiologically related traits in faba bean (Vicia faba L.). Euphytica 164: 93-104.
5. Arese P (1982) Favism. A natural model for the study of hemolytic mechanisms. Reviews in Pure and Applied Pharmacological Sciences 3: 123-183.
6. Arese P, Duc G, Lessire M, Marget P (2007) Grain Legumes Magazine 48: 16-17.
7. Avia K, Lejeune-Hénaut I (2007) Acclimation of Medicago truncatula to cold stress. In: Medicago truncatula Handbook. Available from: www.noble.org. Accessed April 19, 2010.
8. Avila CM, Satovic Z, Sillero JC, Rubiales D, Moreno MT, Torres AM (2004) Isolate and organ-specific QTLs for ascochyta blight resistance in faba bean. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 108: 1071-1078.
9. Avila CM, Sillero JC, Rubiales D, Moreno MT, Torres AM (2003) Identification of RAPD markers linked to Uvf- 1 gene conferring hypersensitive resistance against rust (Uromyces viciae-fabae) in Vicia faba L. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 107: 353-358.
10. Avola B, Cavallaro V, Patane C, Riggi E (2008) Gas exchange and photosynthetic water use efficiency in response to light, CO2 concentration and temperature in Vicia faba. Journal of Plant Physiology 165: 796- 804.
11. Bachmann A, Fernández-López J, Ginsburg S, Thomas H, Bouwkamp JC, Solomos T, Matile P (1994) Stay-green genotypes of Phaseolus vulgaris L.: Chloroplast proteins and chlorophyll metabolites during foliar senescence. New Phytologist 126: 593-600.
12. BailissKW, Senananyake S (1984)Virus infection and reproduction losses in faba bean (Vicia faba L.). Plant Pathology 33: 185-192.
13. Birch N (1985) Field evaluation of resistance to black bean aphid, Aphis fabae, in close relatives of the faba bean, Vicia faba. Annals of Applied Biology 106: 561- 569.
14. Bond DA, Jellis GJ, Rowland GG, Le Guen J, Robertson LD, Khalil SA, Li-Juan L (1994) Present status and future strategy in breeding faba beans (Vicia faba L.) for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Euphytica 73: 151-166.
15. Bond A, Lowe HJB (1975) Test for resistance to Aphis fabae in field beans (Vicia faba). Annals of Applied Biology 81: 21-32.
16. BondDA,CroftonGRA(1999) History ofwinter beans in the UK. Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England 160: 200-209.
17. Bouhassan A, Sadiki M, Tivoli B (2004) Evaluation of a collection of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) genotypes originating from the Maghreb for resistance to chocolate spot (Botrytis fabae) by assessment in the field and laboratory. Euphytica 135: 55-62.
18. Bueno MA (1976) Citotaxonomía y cariología en el género Vicia. PhD Thesis, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
19. Caubel G, Leclerc D (1989) Vicia faba lines resistant to the giant race of stem nematode (Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kuehn) Fil.). FABIS Newsletter 25: 45-48.
20. Clarke HJ, Siddique KHM (2004) Response of chickpea genotypes to low temperature stress during reproductive development. Field Crops Research 90: 323-334.
21. CondonAG,Richards RA,RebetzkeGJ, FarquharGD(2004) Breeding for high water-use efficiency. Journal of Experimental Botany 55: 2447-2460.
22. Cordovilla MP, Ligero F, Lluch C (1994) The effect of salinity on N fixation and assimilation in Vicia faba. Journal of Experimental Botany 45: 1483-1488.
23. Cubero JI, Pieterse AH, Khalil SA, Sauerborn J (1994) Screening techniques and sources of resistance to parasitic angiosperms. Euphytica 73: 51-58.
24. Cubero JI (1973) Evolutionary trends in Vicia faba. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 43: 59-65.
25. Cubero JI (1974) On the evolution of Vicia faba L. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 45: 47-51.
26. Cubero JI (1982a) Interspecific hybridization in Vicia. In: G Hawtin and C Webb (eds) Faba Bean Improvement, pp. 91-108. Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague, The Netherlands.
27. Cubero JI (1982b) Parasitic diseases in Vicia faba L. with special reference to broomrape (Orobanche crenata Forsk.). In: The Faba Bean. Hebblethwaite, P.D., Butterworths, London, UK, pp. 493-521.
28. Cubero JI (1984) Utilization of wild relatives of food legumes. In: JR Witcombe and W Erskine (eds) Genetic Resources and Their Exploitation: Chickpeas, Faba Beans and Lentils. ICARDA, Aleppo, Syria, pp. 73-84.
29. Cubero JI, Moreno MT (1979) Agronomical control and sources of resistance in Vicia faba to O. crenata. In: DA Bond, GT Scarascia-Mugnozza, and MH Poulsen (eds) Some Current Research on Vicia faba inWestern Europe. Commission of the European Communities, Luxemburg, pp. 41-80.
30. Cubero JI, Moreno MT, Hernandez L (1992) A faba bean (Vicia faba L.) cultivar varietal to broomrape (Orobanche crenata Forsk.). Proceedings of the First European Conference on Grain Legumes, Association Europeenne des Protéagineux, Angers, Francia, pp. 41-42.
31. Cubero JI, Nadal S (2005) Faba bean (Vicia faba L.). In: RJ Singh and PP Jauhar (eds) Genetic Resources, Chromosome Engineering and Crop Improvement Grain Legumes. Series II-Grain Legumes. CRC, Boca Raton, FL, pp. 163-186.
32. Dantuma G, Klein Hulze JA (1979) Production and distribution of dry matter, and uptake, distribution and redistribution of nitrogen in Vicia faba major and minor. In: Some Current Research on Vicia faba in Western Europe. Commission of the European Communities, Brussels, Belgium, pp. 386-406.
33. Dantuma G, Thompson R (1983) Whole-crop physiology and yield components. In: Hebblethwaite PD (ed.) The Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.), a Basis for Improvement. Butterworth, London, pp. 143-158.
34. Diaz R, Román B, Satovic Z, Rubiales D, Cubero JI, Torres AM (2004) Validation of QTLs for broomrape resistance in a F6 population of faba bean. In: AEP (ed.) Conference Handbook of the 5th European Conference on Grain Legumes with the ICLGG, Dijon, France, pp. 122.
35. Diaz R, Satovic Z, Román B, Rubiales D, Cubero JI, Torres AM (2005a) QTL analysis of broomrape resistance in faba bean (Vicia faba L.). In: V Kovacevic and S Jovanovac (eds) XL Croatian Symposium on Agriculture. Opatija, Croatia, pp. 181-182.
36. Diaz R, Satovic Z, Roman B, Avila CM, Alfaro C, Rubiales D, Cubero JI, Torres AM (2005b) QTL mapping for ascochyta blight resistance in faba bean. In: JF Colic and D Ugarkovic (eds) Second Congress of Croatian Geneticists. Supetar, Island of Brac, Croatia, pp. 8.
37. Díaz-Ruiz R, Satovic Z, Ávila CM, Alfaro CM, Gutierrez MV, Torres AM, Román B (2009) Confirmation of QTLs controlling Ascochyta fabae resistance in different generations of faba bean (Vicia faba L.). Crop and Pasture Science 60: 353-361.
38. Díaz-Ruiz R, Torres AM, Satovic Z, Gutierrez MV, Cubero JI, Román B (2010) Validation of QTLs for Orobanche crenata resistance in faba bean (Vicia faba L.) across environments and generations. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 120: 909-919.
39. Don-Pedro KN (1989) Mode of action of fixed oils against eggs of Callosobruchus maculatus. Pesticide Science 26: 107-115.
40. Drayner JM (1956) Self- and cross-fertility in field beans (Vicia faba L.). Journal of Agricultural Science 53: 387-404.
41. Duc G (1995) Mutagenesis of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) and identification of five genes controlling no nodulation, inefective nodulation and supernodulation. Euphytica 83: 147-152.
42. Duc G (1997) Faba bean (Vicia faba L.). Field Crops Research 53: 99-109.
43. Duc G, Bao S, Baum M, Redden B, Sadiki M, Suso MJ, Vishniakova M, Zong X (2010) Diversity maintenance and use of Vicia faba L. genetic resources. Field Crops Research 115: 270-278.
44. Duc G, Crepon K, Marget P, Muel F (2004) "Fevita" a common name for a new type of faba been cultivar. 5th European Conference on Grain Legumes and ICLGG 2004, June 7-11, 2004, Dijon, France. Pub AEP Associations Européenne des protéagineux, pp. 403.
45. DucG, Petitjean F (1995) Study on the inheritance of freezing tolerance in Vicia faba L. In: AEP (ed.) AEP Conference 1995, Copenhagen. AEP, Paris, France, pp. 130-131.
46. Duc G, Picard J (1986) Note on the presence of sym-1 gene in Vicia faba hampering its symbiotic properties with Rhizobium leguminosarum. Euphytica 35: 61-64.
47. Duc G,Marget P, Esnault R, Le Guen J, Bastianelli D (1999) Genetic variability for feeding value of faba bean seeds (Vicia faba L.). Comparative chemical composition of isogenics involving zero-tannin and zero-vicine genes. Journal of Agricultural Science 133: 185-196.
48. Duc G, Mariotti A, Amarger N (1987) Measurements of genetic variability for symbiotic dinitrogen fixation in field grown faba bean (Vicia faba L.) using a low level 15N tracer technique. Plant and Soil 106: 269-276.
49. Duc G, Trouvelot A, Gianinazzi-Pearson V, Gianinazzi S (1989) A first report of non mycorrhizal plant mutants (Myc-) obtained in pea (Pisum sativum L.) and fababean (Vicia faba L.). Plant Science 60: 215-222.
50. Dumont E, FontaineV,VuylstekerCet al. (2009) Association of sugar content QTL and PQL with physiological traits relevant to frost damage resistance in pea under field and controlled conditions. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 118: 1561-1571.
51. Ebadah IMA, Mahmoud YA, Moawad SS (2006) Susceptibility of some faba bean cultivars to field infestation with some insect pests. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences 2: 537-540.
52. Ellwood SR, Phan F, Jordan M, Torres AM, Avila CM, Cruz-Izquierdo S, Oliver RP (2008) Construction of a comparative genetic map in faba bean (Vicia faba L.); conservation of genome structure with Lens culinaris. BMC Genomics 9: 380.
53. EUFABA (2004) WP8: Field Evaluation oral presentation, Córdoba, Spain
54. FAOSTAT (2008) Food and Agriculture Organization website. Available from: http://faostat.fao.org/.Accessed January 10, 2011.
55. Flores F, Moreno MT, Martinez A, Cubero JI (1996) Genotype-environment interaction in faba bean: Comparison of AMMI and principal coordinate models. Field Crops Research 47: 117-127.
56. Frauen M, Sass O (1989) Inheritance and Performance of the Stiff-Strawed Mutant in Vicia faba L. XII Eucarpia Congress. Vorträge pflanzenzücht, 15 (1): 13-8.
57. Fukuta N, Yukawa T (1998) Varietal differences in snow tolerance and growth characteristics of bread bean (Vicia faba L.). Japanese Journal of Crop Sciences 67: 505-509.
58. Fukuta N, AraiM, Yukawa T , Matsumura O (2001) Effect of dwarfing induced by uniconazole-P on snow tolerance of the faba bean (Vicia faba L.). Plant Production Sciences 4: 189-195.
59. Gadh IPS, Bernier CC (1984) Resistance in faba bean (Vicia faba) to bean yellow mosaic virus. Plant Disease 68: 109-111.
60. García-RuízGM(2007) Identificación de marcadores moleculares estrechamente ligados a QTLs (Quantitative Trait Loci) de resistencia en habas (Vicia faba L.). Trabajo profesional fin de carrera. ETSIAM, Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Córdoba, Spain
61. Gressel J, Hanafi A, Head G, Marasas W, Obilana AB, Ochanda J, Souissi T, Tzotzos G (2004) Major heretofore intractable biotic constraints to African food security that may be amenable to novel biotechnological solutions. Crop Protection 23: 661-689.
62. Griffith M, Yaish MWF (2004) Antifreeze proteins in overwintering plants: A tale of two activities. Trends Plant Sciences 9: 399-405.
63. Guérin V, Trinchant JC, Rigaud J (1990) Nitrogen fixation (C2H2 reduction) by broadbean (Vicia faba L.). Nodules and bacteroids underwater-Restricted conditions. Plant Physiology 92: 595-601.
64. Guiamet JJ, Giannibelli MC (1996) Nuclear and cytoplasmic "stay-green" mutations of soybean alter the loss of leaf soluble proteins during senescence. Physiologia Plantarum 96: 655-661.
65. Hanounik SB, Robertson LD (1988) New sources of resistance in Vicia faba to chocolate spot caused by Botrytis fabae. Plant Disease 72: 696-698.
66. Hanounik SB, Robertson LD (1989) Resistance in Vicia faba germplasm to blight caused by Ascochyta fabae. Plant Disease 73: 202-205.
67. Heathcote GD, Gibbs AJ (1962) Virus diseases in British crops of field beans (Vicia faba). Plant Pathology 11: 69-73.
68. Herzog H (1987) A quantitative method to assess freezing resistance in faba beans. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 158: 195-204.
69. Herzog H, OlszewskiA(1998)Arapid method formeasuring freezing resistance in crop plants. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 181: 71-79.
70. Holt J, Wratten SD (1986) Components of resistance to Aphis fabae in faba bean cultivars. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 40: 35-40.
71. Jellis GJ, Bond DA, Boulton RE (1998) Diseases of faba bean. In: DJ Allen and JM Lenné (eds) The Pathology of Food and Pasture Legumes. CAB International,Wallingford, UK, pp. 371-422.
72. Jones RG, Storey R (1981) Betaines. In: LG Paleg and D Aspinall (eds) The Physiology and Biochemistry of Drought Resistance in Plants. Academic Press, London, Chapter 9, pp. 171-204.
73. Kashiwagi J, Krishnamurthy L, Gaur PM, Chandra S, Upadhyaya HD (2008) Estimation of gene effects of the drought avoidance root characteristics in chickpea (C. arietinum L.). Field Crops Research 105: 64-69.
74. Khalil S, Erskine W (1999) Breeding for Orobanche resistance in faba bean and lentil. In: JI Cubero, MT Moreno, D Rubiales, and J.C. Sillero (eds) Resistance to Broomrape, the State of the Art. Junta de Andalucía, Sevilla, Spain, pp. 63-76.
75. Khalil S, Kharrat M, Malhotra R, Saxena M, Erskine W (2004) Breeding faba bean for Orobanche resistance. In: R Dahan and M El-Mourid (eds) Integrated Management of Orobanche in Food Legumes in the Near East and North Africa. Proceedings of the Expert Consultation on IPM for Orobanche in Food Legume Systems in the Near East and North Africa, Rabat, Morocco, pp. 1-18.
76. Khan HR, LinkW, Hocking TJH, Stoddard FL(2007) Evaluation of physiological traits for improving drought tolerance in faba bean (Vicia faba L.). Plant Soil 292: 205-217.
77. Khan HR, Paull JG, Siddique KHM, Stoddard FL(2010) Faba bean breeding for drought tolerance: A physiological and agronomic perspective. Field Crops Research 115: 279-286.
78. Kharrat M, Halila MH, Linke KH, Haddar T (1992) First report of Orobanche foetida Poiret on faba bean inTunisia. FABIS Newsletter 30: 46-47.
79. Kharrat M (2002) Etude de la virulence de l'écotype de Béja d'Orobanche foetida sur différentes especes de légumineuses. In:M Kharrat, F Abbad Andaloussi,MEH Maatougui,MSadiki, andWBertenbreiter (eds) Devenir des légumineuses alimentaires dans le Maghreb. GTZ, Tunis, Tunisia. pp. 89.
80. Latham LJ, Jones RAC (2001) Incidence of virus infection in experimental plots, commercial crops, and seed stocks of cool season crop legumes. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 52: 397-413.
81. Lang LJ, Yu ZH, Zheng ZJ, Xu MS, Ying HQ (1993) Faba Bean in China: State-of-the-Art Review. ICARDA, Aleppo, Syria. pp. 144.
82. Le Guen J, Berthelem P, DucG(1991) Breeding for heterosis and male sterility in faba bean. In Cubero JI, Saxena MC (eds) Present Status and Future Prospects of Faba Bean Production and Improvement in the Mediterranean Countries. CIHEAM-IAMZ, Zaragoza, pp. 41-49.
83. Link W (1990) Autofertility and rate of cross-fertilization: Crucial characters for breeding synthetic varieties in faba beans (Vicia faba L.). Theoretical and Applied Genetics 79: 713-717.
84. Link W, Abdelmula AA, von Kittlitz E, Bruns S, Riemer H, Stelling D (1999) Genotypic variation for drought tolerance in Vicia faba. Plant Breeding 118: 477- 483.
85. Link W, Balko C, Stoddard FL(2010) Winter hardiness in faba bean: Physiology and breeding. Field Crops Research 115: 287-296.
86. Liu ZS, Zhao YZ, Bao SY et al. (1987) Low temperature and faba beans (Vicia faba L.) yield. Fabis Newletter 18: 14-17.
87. López M, Herrera-Cervera JA, Lluch C et al. (2006) Trehalose metabolism in root nodules of the model legume Lotus japonicus in response to salt stress. Physiologia Plantarum 128: 701-709.
88. Makkouk KM, Rizkallah L, Madkour M, Elsherbeeny M, Kumari SG, Amriti AW, Solh MB (1994) Survey of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) for viruses in Egypt. Phytopathology Mediterranean 33: 207-211.
89. McDonald GK, PaulsenGM(1997) High temperature effects on photosynthesis and water relations in grain legumes. Plant and Soil 196: 47-58.
90. Makkouk KM, Vetten HJ, Katul L, Franz A, Madkour MA (1998) Epidemiology and control of faba bean necrotic yellows virus. In: A Hadidi, RK Khetarpal, and RK Koganezawa (eds) Plant Virus Disease Control. APS Press, St. Paul, MN, pp. 534.540.
91. Manschadi AM, Sauerborn J, Stützel H, Göbel W, Saxena MC (1998) Simulation of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) root system development under Mediterranean conditions. European Journal of Agronomy 9: 259.272.
92. Maqbool A, Shafiq S, Lake L (2010) Radiant frost tolerance in pulse crops.A review. Euphytica 172: 1.12.
93. Maxted N, Khatabb AMA, Bisbi FA (1991) The newly discovered relatives of Vicia faba L. do little to resolve the enigma of its origin. Botanika Chronika 10: 435.465.
94. Moffatt B, Ewart V, Eastman A (2006) Cold comfort: Plant antifreeze proteins. Physiologia Plantarum 126: 5.16.
95. Moreno MT, Martínez A (1980) The divided world on V. faba. Fabis 2: 18.19.
96. Muratova V (1931) Commons beans (Vicia faba L.). Bulletin of Applied Botany, Genetics, and Plant Breeding 50: 1.298.
97. Mytton LR, El-Sherbeeny MH, Lawes DA (1977) Symbiotic variability in Vicia faba. 3. Genetic effects of host plant, rhizobium strain and of host × strain interaction. Euphytica 26: 785.791.
98. Nadal S, Moreno MT, Cubero JI (2000a) Nuevas variedades de habas de crecimiento determinado. Agricultura 812: 108.109.
99. Nadal S,MorenoMT, Cubero JI (2000b)Variedades de habas de verdeo para uso en industria alimentaria. Vida Rural 114: 33.34.
100. NayyarH, Chander S (2004) Protective effects of polyamines against oxidative stress induced by water and cold stress in chickpea. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 190: 355.365.
101. Newman EI,Reddel P (1987) The distribution of mycorrhizas among families of vascular plants. New Phytologist 106: 745.751.
102. Nielsen BS (1990) Yield response of Vicia faba in relation to infestation levels of Sitona lineatus L. Journal of Applied Entomology 110: 398.407.
103. Palmer RG, Perez P, Prtiz-Perez E, Maalouf F, Suso MJ (2009) The role of crop-pollinator relationships in breeding for pollinator-friendly legumes: From a breeding perspective. Euphytica 170: 35.52.
104. Palomino C, Satovic Z,Cubero JI, TorresAM(2006) Identification and characterization of NBS-LRR class resistance gene analogs in faba bean (Vicia faba L.) and chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Genome 49: 1227.1237.
105. Pennycooke JC, Jones ML, Stushnoff C (2003) Downregulating α-galactosidase enhances freezing tolerance in transgenic petunia. Plant Physiology 133: 901. 909.
106. Picard J, Duc G, Pelletier R (1985) "Côte d'Or", a highly frost resistant population of Vicia faba. FABIS Newsletter 13: 11.12.
107. Pociecha E, Kościelniak J, Filek W (2008) Effects of root flooding and stage of development on the growth and photosynthesis of field bean (Vicia faba L. minor). Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 30: 529.535.
108. Prüter C, Zebitz CPW (1991) Effects of Aphis fabae and Uromyces vicia-favae on the growth of a susceptible and aphid resistant cultivar of Vicia faba. Annals of Applied Biology 119: 215.226.
109. Rashid KY, Bernier CC (1991) The effect of rust on yield of faba bean cultivars and slow-rusting populations. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 71: 967.972.
110. Rebetzke GJ, Botwright TL, Moore CS, Richards RA, Condon AG (2004) Genotypic variation in specific leaf area for genetic improvement of early vigour in wheat. Field Crops Research 88: 179.189.
111. Rogers A, Ainsworth EA, Leakey ADB (2009) Will elevated carbon dioxide concentration amplify the benefits of nitrogen fixation in legumes? Plant Physiology 151: 1009.1016.
112. Román B, Satovic Z, Avila CM, Rubiales D, Moreno MT, Torres AM (2003) Locating genes associated with Ascochyta fabae resistance in Vicia faba L. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 54, 85-90
113. Román B, Torres AM, Rubiales D, Cubero JI, Satovic Z (2002) Mapping of quantitative trait loci controlling broomrape (Orobanche crenata Forsk.) resistance in faba bean (Vicia faba L.). Genome 45: 1057.1063.
114. Roth F, Link W (2010) Selektion auf Frosttoleranz von Winterackerbohnen (Vicia faba L.): Methodenoptimierung und Ergebnisse. 60. Tagung der Vereinigung der Pflanzenzüchter und Saatgutkaufleute ö sterreichs, 2009, pp. 31.37.
115. Rubiales D (2001) Parasitic plants: An increasing threat. Grain Legumes 33: 10.11.
116. Schmidtke K (2008). How to optimize symbiotic nitrogen fixation in organic crop rotations. ISOFAR Conference 'Organic Agriculture in Asia', Dankook University, Republic of Korea, March 13.14, 2008. Available from: http://orgprintsorg/13272. Accessed April 19, 2011."
117. Serradilla JM, De Mora T, Moreno MT (1993) Geographic dispersion and varietal diversity in Vicia faba L. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 40: 143.151.
118. Shanng HK, Ababneh JA (2007) Biometry and responses of faba bean varieties to black bean Aphid, Aphis fabae Scopoli. American-Eurasian Journal Agricultural and Environmental Science 2: 328.334.
119. Sillero JC, Fondevilla S, Davidson J, Vaz Patto MC, Warkentin TD, Thomas J, Rubiales D (2006) Screening techniques and sources of resistance to rusts and mildews in grain legumes. Euphytica 147: 255.272.
120. Sillero JC, Moreno MT, Rubiales D (2000) Characterization of new sources of resistance to Uromyces viciae-fabae in a germplasm collection of Vicia faba. Plant Pathology 49: 389.395.
121. Sjödin J (1971) Induced morphological variation in Vicia faba L. Hereditas 678: 155.180.
122. Solaiman Z, Colmer TD, Loss SP, Thomson BD, Siddique KHM (2007) Growth responses of cool-season grain legumes to transient waterlogging. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 58: 406.412.
123. Stoddard FL, Bond DA (1987) The pollination requirements of the faba bean (Vicia faba L.). Bee World 68: 144.152.
124. Stoddard FL, Nicholas AH, Rubiales D, Thomas J, Villegas- Fernández AM (2010) Integrated pest management in faba bean. Field Crops Research 115: 308.318.
125. Suso MJ, Gilsanz S, Duc G, Marget P, Moreno MT (2006) Germplasm management of faba bean (Vicia faba L.): monitoring intercrossing between accessions with interplot barriers. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 53: 1427.1439.
126. Suso MJ, Moreno MT (1999) Variation in outcrossing rate and genetic structure on six cultivars of Vicia faba L. as affected by geographic location and year. Plant Breeding 118: 347.350.
127. Suso MJ, Vishnyakova M, Ramos A, Ambrose M, Duc G, Maggioni L (2005) Report of a survey on conservation, management and regeneration of grain legume genetic resources, 111pp. Available from: http://www.ecpgr.cgiaroˆrg/workgroups/grain_legumes/grain_legumes.htm. Accessed July 2008.
128. Tahhan O (1986) Bionomics of Bruchus dentipes Baudi and varietal resistance in Vicia faba L. PhD Thesis, University of Reading, UK.
129. Tasei JN (1984) Légumineuses fourrageres et protéagineuses. In: P Pesson and J Louveaux (eds) Pollinisation et productions végétales, pp. 261.308. INRA. ISBN2.85340.481.1.
130. Taulavuori K, Taulavuori E, Sarjala et al. (2000) In vivo chlorophyll fluorescence is not always a good indicator of cold hardiness. Journal of Plant Physiology 157: 227.229.
131. Thomas J, Kenyon D (2004) Evaluating resistance to downy mildew(Peronospora viciae) in field peas (Pisum sativum L.) and field beans (Vicia faba L.). In:AEP (ed.) Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Grain Legumes, Dijon, France, pp. 81.82.
132. Thomashow MF (2001) So what's new in the field of plant cold acclimation? Lots! Plant Physiology 125: 89.93.
133. Torres AM, Avila CM, Gutierrez N, Palomino C, Moreno MT, Cubero JI (2010) Marker-assisted selection in faba bean (Vicia faba L.). Field Crops Research 115,243-252
134. Torres AM, Cubero JI,MorenoMT (1994) Genotype×environmental interaction in autofertility components of Vicia faba. Journal of Genetics and Breeding 48: 307.316.
135. Torres AM, Moreno MT, Cubero JI (1993) Genetics of six components of autofertility in Vicia faba. Plant Breeding 110: 220.228.
136. Torres AM, Román B, Avila CM, Satovic Z, Rubiales D, Sillero JC, Cubero JI, Moreno MT (2006) Faba bean breeding for resistance against biotic stresses: Towards application of marker technology. Euphytica 147: 67.80.
137. Tosserams M, Visser A, Groen M, Kalis G, Magendans E, Rozema J (2001) Combined effects of CO2 concentration and enhanced UV-B radiation on faba bean. Plant Ecology 154: 197.201.
138. Turner NC (1986) Crop water deficits: A decade of progresses. Advances in Agronomy 39: 1.51.
139. van Leur JAG Kumari SG, Makkouk KM, Rose IA (2006) Viruses on faba bean in north-eastAustralia and strategies for virus control. Proceedings of Faba Bean 2006, International workshop on faba bean breeding and agronomy, Córdoba, Spain, pp. 129.131.
140. Vilarino M, Métayer JP, Crépon K, Duc G (2009) Effect of varying vicine, convicine and tannin contents of faba bean seeds (Vicia faba L.) on nutritional values for broiler chicken. Animal Feed Science and Technology 150: 114.121.
141. Weigand S, Bishara SI (1991) CIHEAM. Options Méditerranéennes.Série Séminaires - n. 10 - 1991: 67.74.
142. Wu D, Wang G (2000) Interaction of CO2 enrichment and drought on growth, water use, and yield of broad bean (Vicia faba). Environmental and Experimental Botany 43: 131.139.
143. Ye Y, Lang L, Xia M, Tu J (2003) Faba Beans in China (in Chinese). China Agriculture Press, Beijing, China.
144. Zlatev ZS, Lidon FC, Ramalho JC,Yordanov IT (2006) Comparison of resistance to drought of three common bean cultivars. Biologia Plantarum 50: 389.394.