메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 228, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 18-28

The safety of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies: Implications for cardiovascular disease and targeting the PCSK9 pathway

Author keywords

Cardiovascular; Hypercholesterolaemia; Monoclonal antibodies; PCSK9; Safety

Indexed keywords

1B20; ABCIXIMAB; ADALIMUMAB; ALIROCUMAB; AMG 145; ANTIBODY; ATORVASTATIN; BELIMUMAB; CANAKINUMAB; CETUXIMAB; DACLIZUMAB; DENOSUMAB; EZETIMIBE; GOLIMUMAB; INFLIXIMAB; IPILIMUMAB; LGT 209; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY; MPSK 3169 A; OFATUMUMAB; OMALIZUMAB; PANITUMUMAB; PF 04950615; PROPROTEIN CONVERTASE SUBTILISIN KEXIN TYPE 9; RAXIBACUMAB; RITUXIMAB; RN 316; SERINE PROTEINASE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; USTEKINUMAB;

EID: 84876801739     PISSN: 00219150     EISSN: 18791484     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.01.044     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (122)

References (135)
  • 1
    • 27644573085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Health Organization, Available at:, [accessed 02.03.11]
    • Cardiovascular diseases September 2011, World Health Organization, Available at:, [accessed 02.03.11]. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs317/en/index.html.
    • (2011) Cardiovascular diseases
  • 2
    • 56749106312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rosuvastatin to prevent vascular events in men and women with elevated C-reactive protein
    • Ridker P.M., Danielson E., Fonseca F.A., et al. Rosuvastatin to prevent vascular events in men and women with elevated C-reactive protein. N Engl J Med 2008, 359:2195-2207.
    • (2008) N Engl J Med , vol.359 , pp. 2195-2207
    • Ridker, P.M.1    Danielson, E.2    Fonseca, F.A.3
  • 3
    • 0023025526 scopus 로고
    • Is relationship between serum cholesterol and risk of premature death from coronary heart disease continuous and graded? Findings in 356,222 primary screenees of the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT)
    • Stamler J., Wentworth D., Neaton J.D. Is relationship between serum cholesterol and risk of premature death from coronary heart disease continuous and graded? Findings in 356,222 primary screenees of the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT). JAMA 1986, 256:2823-2828.
    • (1986) JAMA , vol.256 , pp. 2823-2828
    • Stamler, J.1    Wentworth, D.2    Neaton, J.D.3
  • 4
    • 78449281377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of more intensive lowering of LDL cholesterol: a meta-analysis of data from 170,000 participants in 26 randomised trials
    • Baigent C., Blackwell L., Emberson J., et al. Efficacy and safety of more intensive lowering of LDL cholesterol: a meta-analysis of data from 170,000 participants in 26 randomised trials. Lancet 2010, 376:1670-1681.
    • (2010) Lancet , vol.376 , pp. 1670-1681
    • Baigent, C.1    Blackwell, L.2    Emberson, J.3
  • 5
    • 0037126526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Third report of the national cholesterol education program (NCEP) expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (adult treatment panel III) final report
    • Third report of the national cholesterol education program (NCEP) expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (adult treatment panel III) final report. Circulation 2002, 106:3143-3421.
    • (2002) Circulation , vol.106 , pp. 3143-3421
  • 6
    • 34548329882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice: full text. Fourth Joint Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and other societies on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (constituted by representatives of nine societies and by invited experts)
    • Graham I., Atar D., Borch-Johnsen K., et al. European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice: full text. Fourth Joint Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and other societies on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (constituted by representatives of nine societies and by invited experts). Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 2007, 14(Suppl. 2):S1-S113.
    • (2007) Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil , vol.14 , Issue.SUPPL. 2
    • Graham, I.1    Atar, D.2    Borch-Johnsen, K.3
  • 7
    • 79960539641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: the Task Force for the management of dyslipidaemias of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS)
    • Reiner Z., Catapano A.L., De Backer G., et al. ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: the Task Force for the management of dyslipidaemias of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS). Eur Heart J 2011, 32:1769-1818.
    • (2011) Eur Heart J , vol.32 , pp. 1769-1818
    • Reiner, Z.1    Catapano, A.L.2    De Backer, G.3
  • 8
    • 74049109446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of 80 versus 10 mg of atorvastatin on occurrence of cardiovascular events after the first event (from the Treating to New Targets [TNT] trial)
    • LaRosa J.C., Deedwania P.C., Shepherd J., et al. Comparison of 80 versus 10 mg of atorvastatin on occurrence of cardiovascular events after the first event (from the Treating to New Targets [TNT] trial). Am J Cardiol 2010, 105:283-287.
    • (2010) Am J Cardiol , vol.105 , pp. 283-287
    • LaRosa, J.C.1    Deedwania, P.C.2    Shepherd, J.3
  • 9
    • 67649342170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and efficacy of achieving very low low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels with rosuvastatin 40 mg daily (from the ASTEROID Study)
    • Wiviott S.D., Mohanavelu S., Raichlen J.S., Cain V.A., Nissen S.E., Libby P. Safety and efficacy of achieving very low low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels with rosuvastatin 40 mg daily (from the ASTEROID Study). Am J Cardiol 2009, 104:29-35.
    • (2009) Am J Cardiol , vol.104 , pp. 29-35
    • Wiviott, S.D.1    Mohanavelu, S.2    Raichlen, J.S.3    Cain, V.A.4    Nissen, S.E.5    Libby, P.6
  • 10
    • 11144355354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intensive versus moderate lipid lowering with statins after acute coronary syndromes
    • Cannon C.P., Braunwald E., McCabe C.H., et al. Intensive versus moderate lipid lowering with statins after acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med 2004, 350:1495-1504.
    • (2004) N Engl J Med , vol.350 , pp. 1495-1504
    • Cannon, C.P.1    Braunwald, E.2    McCabe, C.H.3
  • 11
    • 79953836812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular event reduction and adverse events among subjects attaining low-density lipoprotein cholesterol <50 mg/dl with rosuvastatin. The JUPITER trial (Justification for the Use of Statins in Prevention: an Intervention Trial Evaluating Rosuvastatin)
    • Hsia J., MacFadyen J.G., Monyak J., Ridker P.M. Cardiovascular event reduction and adverse events among subjects attaining low-density lipoprotein cholesterol <50 mg/dl with rosuvastatin. The JUPITER trial (Justification for the Use of Statins in Prevention: an Intervention Trial Evaluating Rosuvastatin). J Am Coll Cardiol 2011, 57:1666-1675.
    • (2011) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.57 , pp. 1666-1675
    • Hsia, J.1    MacFadyen, J.G.2    Monyak, J.3    Ridker, P.M.4
  • 12
    • 77950369891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in hypercholesterolemia, treatment and control among United States adults
    • Ford E.S., Li C., Pearson W.S., Zhao G., Mokdad A.H. Trends in hypercholesterolemia, treatment and control among United States adults. Int J Cardiol 2010, 140:226-235.
    • (2010) Int J Cardiol , vol.140 , pp. 226-235
    • Ford, E.S.1    Li, C.2    Pearson, W.S.3    Zhao, G.4    Mokdad, A.H.5
  • 13
    • 67651111687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipid treatment assessment project 2: a multinational survey to evaluate the proportion of patients achieving low-density lipoprotein cholesterol goals
    • Waters D.D., Brotons C., Chiang C.W., et al. Lipid treatment assessment project 2: a multinational survey to evaluate the proportion of patients achieving low-density lipoprotein cholesterol goals. Circulation 2009, 120:28-34.
    • (2009) Circulation , vol.120 , pp. 28-34
    • Waters, D.D.1    Brotons, C.2    Chiang, C.W.3
  • 14
    • 61849163580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EUROASPIRE III: a survey on the lifestyle, risk factors and use of cardioprotective drug therapies in coronary patients from 22 European countries
    • Kotseva K., Wood D., De Backer G., De Bacquer D., Pyorala K., Keil U. EUROASPIRE III: a survey on the lifestyle, risk factors and use of cardioprotective drug therapies in coronary patients from 22 European countries. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 2009, 16:121-137.
    • (2009) Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil , vol.16 , pp. 121-137
    • Kotseva, K.1    Wood, D.2    De Backer, G.3    De Bacquer, D.4    Pyorala, K.5    Keil, U.6
  • 15
    • 77049105368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of cholesterol lowering treatment of patients with familial hypercholesterolemia: a large cross-sectional study in The Netherlands
    • Pijlman A.H., Huijgen R., Verhagen S.N., et al. Evaluation of cholesterol lowering treatment of patients with familial hypercholesterolemia: a large cross-sectional study in The Netherlands. Atherosclerosis 2010, 209:189-194.
    • (2010) Atherosclerosis , vol.209 , pp. 189-194
    • Pijlman, A.H.1    Huijgen, R.2    Verhagen, S.N.3
  • 16
    • 84876795127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New York Times, Available at:, [accessed 28.11.12]
    • The diabetes dilemma for statin users March 2012, New York Times, Available at:, [accessed 28.11.12]. http://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/05/opinion/the-diabetes-dilemma-for-statin-users.html.
    • (2012) The diabetes dilemma for statin users
  • 17
    • 32444444724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mild to moderate muscular symptoms with high-dosage statin therapy in hyperlipidemic patients-the PRIMO study
    • Bruckert E., Hayem G., Dejager S., Yau C., Begaud B. Mild to moderate muscular symptoms with high-dosage statin therapy in hyperlipidemic patients-the PRIMO study. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2005, 19:403-414.
    • (2005) Cardiovasc Drugs Ther , vol.19 , pp. 403-414
    • Bruckert, E.1    Hayem, G.2    Dejager, S.3    Yau, C.4    Begaud, B.5
  • 19
    • 77957361348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development trends for human monoclonal antibody therapeutics
    • Nelson A.L., Dhimolea E., Reichert J.M. Development trends for human monoclonal antibody therapeutics. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2010, 9:767-774.
    • (2010) Nat Rev Drug Discov , vol.9 , pp. 767-774
    • Nelson, A.L.1    Dhimolea, E.2    Reichert, J.M.3
  • 20
    • 54949143968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alemtuzumab vs. interferon beta-1a in early multiple sclerosis
    • Coles A.J., Compston D.A., Selmaj K.W., et al. Alemtuzumab vs. interferon beta-1a in early multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 2008, 359:1786-1801.
    • (2008) N Engl J Med , vol.359 , pp. 1786-1801
    • Coles, A.J.1    Compston, D.A.2    Selmaj, K.W.3
  • 21
    • 0036159184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinically useful monoclonal antibodies in treatment
    • Drewe E., Powell R.J. Clinically useful monoclonal antibodies in treatment. J Clin Pathol 2002, 55:81-85.
    • (2002) J Clin Pathol , vol.55 , pp. 81-85
    • Drewe, E.1    Powell, R.J.2
  • 22
    • 34548257315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-IgE treatment of eosinophil-associated gastrointestinal disorders
    • Foroughi S., Foster B., Kim N., et al. Anti-IgE treatment of eosinophil-associated gastrointestinal disorders. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007, 120:594-601.
    • (2007) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.120 , pp. 594-601
    • Foroughi, S.1    Foster, B.2    Kim, N.3
  • 23
    • 38849152398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeted therapies: a new generation of cancer treatments
    • Gerber D.E. Targeted therapies: a new generation of cancer treatments. Am Fam Physician 2008, 77:311-319.
    • (2008) Am Fam Physician , vol.77 , pp. 311-319
    • Gerber, D.E.1
  • 24
    • 44949171028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The clinical pharmacology of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of malignancy; have the magic bullets arrived?
    • Newsome B.W., Ernstoff M.S. The clinical pharmacology of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of malignancy; have the magic bullets arrived?. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2008, 66:6-19.
    • (2008) Br J Clin Pharmacol , vol.66 , pp. 6-19
    • Newsome, B.W.1    Ernstoff, M.S.2
  • 25
    • 57049174103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The chimeric monoclonal antibody abciximab: a systematic review of its safety in contemporary practice
    • Tamhane U.U., Gurm H.S. The chimeric monoclonal antibody abciximab: a systematic review of its safety in contemporary practice. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2008, 7:809-819.
    • (2008) Expert Opin Drug Saf , vol.7 , pp. 809-819
    • Tamhane, U.U.1    Gurm, H.S.2
  • 27
    • 48549105161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular engineering and design of therapeutic antibodies
    • Presta L.G. Molecular engineering and design of therapeutic antibodies. Curr Opin Immunol 2008, 20:460-470.
    • (2008) Curr Opin Immunol , vol.20 , pp. 460-470
    • Presta, L.G.1
  • 28
    • 77957830531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrocardiographic assessment for therapeutic proteins-scientific discussion
    • Rodriguez I., Erdman A., Padhi D., et al. Electrocardiographic assessment for therapeutic proteins-scientific discussion. Am Heart J 2010, 160:627-634.
    • (2010) Am Heart J , vol.160 , pp. 627-634
    • Rodriguez, I.1    Erdman, A.2    Padhi, D.3
  • 29
    • 79953018875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adverse effects of biologics: a network meta-analysis and cochrane overview. Cochrane database of systematic reviews
    • Singh J.A., Wells G.A., Christensen R., et al. Adverse effects of biologics: a network meta-analysis and cochrane overview. Cochrane database of systematic reviews. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011, 2:CD008794.
    • (2011) Cochrane Database Syst Rev , vol.2
    • Singh, J.A.1    Wells, G.A.2    Christensen, R.3
  • 30
    • 34447091994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preclinical and clinical safety of monoclonal antibodies
    • Tabrizi M.A., Roskos L.K. Preclinical and clinical safety of monoclonal antibodies. Drug Discov Today 2007, 12:540-547.
    • (2007) Drug Discov Today , vol.12 , pp. 540-547
    • Tabrizi, M.A.1    Roskos, L.K.2
  • 31
    • 66549113081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infectious complications associated with monoclonal antibodies and related small molecules
    • Salvana E.M., Salata R.A. Infectious complications associated with monoclonal antibodies and related small molecules. Clin Microbiol Rev 2009, 22:274-290.
    • (2009) Clin Microbiol Rev , vol.22 , pp. 274-290
    • Salvana, E.M.1    Salata, R.A.2
  • 32
    • 77958503615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies
    • Niebecker R., Kloft C. Safety of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. Curr Drug Saf 2010, 5:275-286.
    • (2010) Curr Drug Saf , vol.5 , pp. 275-286
    • Niebecker, R.1    Kloft, C.2
  • 33
    • 78650578346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute infusion reactions induced by monoclonal antibody therapy
    • Maggi E., Vultaggio A., Matucci A. Acute infusion reactions induced by monoclonal antibody therapy. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2011, 7:55-63.
    • (2011) Expert Rev Clin Immunol , vol.7 , pp. 55-63
    • Maggi, E.1    Vultaggio, A.2    Matucci, A.3
  • 34
    • 65549114676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Specificity and affinity of human Fcgamma receptors and their polymorphic variants for human IgG subclasses
    • Bruhns P., Iannascoli B., England P., et al. Specificity and affinity of human Fcgamma receptors and their polymorphic variants for human IgG subclasses. Blood 2009, 113:3716-3725.
    • (2009) Blood , vol.113 , pp. 3716-3725
    • Bruhns, P.1    Iannascoli, B.2    England, P.3
  • 35
    • 84871273345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Medicines Agency, Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP), Available at:, [accessed 08.05.12]
    • Guideline on immunogenicity assessment of monoclonal antibodies intended for in vivo clinical use November 2010, European Medicines Agency, Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP), Available at:, [accessed 08.05.12]. http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Scientific_guideline/2010/11/WC500099362.pdf.
    • (2010) Guideline on immunogenicity assessment of monoclonal antibodies intended for in vivo clinical use
  • 36
    • 77953681386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preclinical development of monoclonal antibodies: considerations for the use of non-human primates
    • Chapman K., Pullen N., Coney L., et al. Preclinical development of monoclonal antibodies: considerations for the use of non-human primates. MAbs 2009, 1:505-516.
    • (2009) MAbs , vol.1 , pp. 505-516
    • Chapman, K.1    Pullen, N.2    Coney, L.3
  • 37
    • 33846679386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular biology of PCSK9: its role in LDL metabolism
    • Horton J.D., Cohen J.C., Hobbs H.H. Molecular biology of PCSK9: its role in LDL metabolism. Trends Biochem Sci 2007, 32:71-77.
    • (2007) Trends Biochem Sci , vol.32 , pp. 71-77
    • Horton, J.D.1    Cohen, J.C.2    Hobbs, H.H.3
  • 38
    • 80053961826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9): from structure-function relation to therapeutic inhibition
    • Tibolla G., Norata G.D., Artali R., Meneghetti F., Catapano A.L. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9): from structure-function relation to therapeutic inhibition. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2011, 21:835-843.
    • (2011) Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis , vol.21 , pp. 835-843
    • Tibolla, G.1    Norata, G.D.2    Artali, R.3    Meneghetti, F.4    Catapano, A.L.5
  • 39
    • 0016756272 scopus 로고
    • Continuous cultures of fused cells secreting antibody of predefined specificity
    • Kohler G., Milstein C. Continuous cultures of fused cells secreting antibody of predefined specificity. Nature 1975, 256:495-497.
    • (1975) Nature , vol.256 , pp. 495-497
    • Kohler, G.1    Milstein, C.2
  • 40
    • 0029565168 scopus 로고
    • Side-effects of a monoclonal antibody, muromonab CD3/orthoclone OKT3: bibliographic review
    • Sgro C. Side-effects of a monoclonal antibody, muromonab CD3/orthoclone OKT3: bibliographic review. Toxicology 1995, 105:23-29.
    • (1995) Toxicology , vol.105 , pp. 23-29
    • Sgro, C.1
  • 41
    • 15244351004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overview of monoclonal antibodies in cancer therapy: present and promise
    • Stern M., Herrmann R. Overview of monoclonal antibodies in cancer therapy: present and promise. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2005, 54:11-29.
    • (2005) Crit Rev Oncol Hematol , vol.54 , pp. 11-29
    • Stern, M.1    Herrmann, R.2
  • 42
    • 0037373957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-tumour necrosis factor agents and tuberculosis risk: mechanisms of action and clinical management
    • Gardam M.A., Keystone E.C., Menzies R., et al. Anti-tumour necrosis factor agents and tuberculosis risk: mechanisms of action and clinical management. Lancet Infect Dis 2003, 3:148-155.
    • (2003) Lancet Infect Dis , vol.3 , pp. 148-155
    • Gardam, M.A.1    Keystone, E.C.2    Menzies, R.3
  • 43
    • 27544508559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tolerability and safety of rituximab (MabThera)
    • Kimby E. Tolerability and safety of rituximab (MabThera). Cancer Treat Rev 2005, 31:456-473.
    • (2005) Cancer Treat Rev , vol.31 , pp. 456-473
    • Kimby, E.1
  • 44
    • 34250177933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A double-masked, randomized study to investigate the safety and efficacy of daclizumab to treat the ocular complications related to Behcet's disease
    • Buggage R.R., Levy-Clarke G., Sen H.N., et al. A double-masked, randomized study to investigate the safety and efficacy of daclizumab to treat the ocular complications related to Behcet's disease. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2007, 15:63-70.
    • (2007) Ocul Immunol Inflamm , vol.15 , pp. 63-70
    • Buggage, R.R.1    Levy-Clarke, G.2    Sen, H.N.3
  • 45
    • 0036240463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Future of monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of hematologic malignancies
    • Reff M.E., Hariharan K., Braslawsky G. Future of monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of hematologic malignancies. Cancer Control 2002, 9:152-166.
    • (2002) Cancer Control , vol.9 , pp. 152-166
    • Reff, M.E.1    Hariharan, K.2    Braslawsky, G.3
  • 46
    • 0027244256 scopus 로고
    • Humanization of an antibody directed against IgE
    • Presta L.G., Lahr S.J., Shields R.L., et al. Humanization of an antibody directed against IgE. J Immunol 1993, 151:2623-2632.
    • (1993) J Immunol , vol.151 , pp. 2623-2632
    • Presta, L.G.1    Lahr, S.J.2    Shields, R.L.3
  • 50
    • 0028814315 scopus 로고
    • Human antibodies from transgenic mice
    • Lonberg N., Huszar D. Human antibodies from transgenic mice. Int Rev Immunol 1995, 13:65-93.
    • (1995) Int Rev Immunol , vol.13 , pp. 65-93
    • Lonberg, N.1    Huszar, D.2
  • 51
    • 0344212970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The long-awaited magic bullets: therapeutic human monoclonal antibodies from transgenic mice
    • Jakobovits A. The long-awaited magic bullets: therapeutic human monoclonal antibodies from transgenic mice. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 1998, 7:607-614.
    • (1998) Expert Opin Investig Drugs , vol.7 , pp. 607-614
    • Jakobovits, A.1
  • 61
    • 70449698030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anaphylaxis syndromes related to a new mammalian cross-reactive carbohydrate determinant
    • Commins S.P., Platts-Mills T.A. Anaphylaxis syndromes related to a new mammalian cross-reactive carbohydrate determinant. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009, 124:652-657.
    • (2009) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.124 , pp. 652-657
    • Commins, S.P.1    Platts-Mills, T.A.2
  • 62
    • 70349402169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term safety and efficacy of tocilizumab, an anti-IL-6 receptor monoclonal antibody, in monotherapy, in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (the STREAM study): evidence of safety and efficacy in a 5-year extension study
    • Nishimoto N., Miyasaka N., Yamamoto K., Kawai S., Takeuchi T., Azuma J. Long-term safety and efficacy of tocilizumab, an anti-IL-6 receptor monoclonal antibody, in monotherapy, in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (the STREAM study): evidence of safety and efficacy in a 5-year extension study. Ann Rheum Dis 2009, 68:1580-1584.
    • (2009) Ann Rheum Dis , vol.68 , pp. 1580-1584
    • Nishimoto, N.1    Miyasaka, N.2    Yamamoto, K.3    Kawai, S.4    Takeuchi, T.5    Azuma, J.6
  • 63
    • 66149129631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adalimumab for long-term treatment of psoriatic arthritis: 2-year data from the adalimumab effectiveness in psoriatic arthritis trial (ADEPT)
    • Mease P.J., Ory P., Sharp J.T., et al. Adalimumab for long-term treatment of psoriatic arthritis: 2-year data from the adalimumab effectiveness in psoriatic arthritis trial (ADEPT). Ann Rheum Dis 2009, 68:702-709.
    • (2009) Ann Rheum Dis , vol.68 , pp. 702-709
    • Mease, P.J.1    Ory, P.2    Sharp, J.T.3
  • 64
    • 33744479185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long term efficacy and safety of adalimumab plus methotrexate in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: ARMADA 4 year extended study
    • Weinblatt M.E., Keystone E.C., Furst D.E., Kavanaugh A.F., Chartash E.K., Segurado O.G. Long term efficacy and safety of adalimumab plus methotrexate in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: ARMADA 4 year extended study. Ann Rheum Dis 2006, 65:753-759.
    • (2006) Ann Rheum Dis , vol.65 , pp. 753-759
    • Weinblatt, M.E.1    Keystone, E.C.2    Furst, D.E.3    Kavanaugh, A.F.4    Chartash, E.K.5    Segurado, O.G.6
  • 65
    • 0347991877 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The safety profile of infliximab in patients with Crohn's disease: the Mayo clinic experience in 500 patients
    • Colombel J.F., Loftus E.V., Tremaine W.J., et al. The safety profile of infliximab in patients with Crohn's disease: the Mayo clinic experience in 500 patients. Gastroenterology 2004, 126:19-31.
    • (2004) Gastroenterology , vol.126 , pp. 19-31
    • Colombel, J.F.1    Loftus, E.V.2    Tremaine, W.J.3
  • 67
    • 34547789273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug-induced immune thrombocytopenia
    • Aster R.H., Bougie D.W. Drug-induced immune thrombocytopenia. N Engl J Med 2007, 357:580-587.
    • (2007) N Engl J Med , vol.357 , pp. 580-587
    • Aster, R.H.1    Bougie, D.W.2
  • 68
    • 0037085779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thrombocytopenia after second exposure to abciximab is caused by antibodies that recognize abciximab-coated platelets
    • Curtis B.R., Swyers J., Divgi A., McFarland J.G., Aster R.H. Thrombocytopenia after second exposure to abciximab is caused by antibodies that recognize abciximab-coated platelets. Blood 2002, 99:2054-2059.
    • (2002) Blood , vol.99 , pp. 2054-2059
    • Curtis, B.R.1    Swyers, J.2    Divgi, A.3    McFarland, J.G.4    Aster, R.H.5
  • 69
    • 40349094848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug insight: autoimmune effects of medications-what's new?
    • Mongey A.B., Hess E.V. Drug insight: autoimmune effects of medications-what's new?. Nat Clin Pract Rheumatol 2008, 4:136-144.
    • (2008) Nat Clin Pract Rheumatol , vol.4 , pp. 136-144
    • Mongey, A.B.1    Hess, E.V.2
  • 70
    • 77955297314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infusion reactions: diagnosis, assessment, and management
    • Vogel W.H. Infusion reactions: diagnosis, assessment, and management. Clin J Oncol Nurs 2010, 14:E10-E21.
    • (2010) Clin J Oncol Nurs , vol.14
    • Vogel, W.H.1
  • 71
    • 41649100103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Malignancy and biologic therapy in rheumatoid arthritis
    • Askling J., Bongartz T. Malignancy and biologic therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2008, 20:334-339.
    • (2008) Curr Opin Rheumatol , vol.20 , pp. 334-339
    • Askling, J.1    Bongartz, T.2
  • 72
    • 33344458106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Herceptin and the heart-a molecular modifier of cardiac failure
    • Chien K.R. Herceptin and the heart-a molecular modifier of cardiac failure. N Engl J Med 2006, 354:789-790.
    • (2006) N Engl J Med , vol.354 , pp. 789-790
    • Chien, K.R.1
  • 73
    • 32144448027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reversibility of trastuzumab-related cardiotoxicity: new insights based on clinical course and response to medical treatment
    • Ewer M.S., Vooletich M.T., Durand J.B., et al. Reversibility of trastuzumab-related cardiotoxicity: new insights based on clinical course and response to medical treatment. J Clin Oncol 2005, 23:7820-7826.
    • (2005) J Clin Oncol , vol.23 , pp. 7820-7826
    • Ewer, M.S.1    Vooletich, M.T.2    Durand, J.B.3
  • 74
    • 17944363471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preparing for the next pandemic
    • Osterholm M.T. Preparing for the next pandemic. N Engl J Med 2005, 352:1839-1842.
    • (2005) N Engl J Med , vol.352 , pp. 1839-1842
    • Osterholm, M.T.1
  • 75
    • 70450141566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of abciximab and small-molecule glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention: a meta-analysis of contemporary randomized controlled trials
    • Gurm H.S., Tamhane U., Meier P., Grossman P.M., Chetcuti S., Bates E.R. A comparison of abciximab and small-molecule glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention: a meta-analysis of contemporary randomized controlled trials. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2009, 2:230-236.
    • (2009) Circ Cardiovasc Interv , vol.2 , pp. 230-236
    • Gurm, H.S.1    Tamhane, U.2    Meier, P.3    Grossman, P.M.4    Chetcuti, S.5    Bates, E.R.6
  • 76
    • 0141765874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Benefits and risks of abciximab use in primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction: the Controlled Abciximab and Device Investigation to Lower Late Angioplasty Complications (CADILLAC) trial
    • Tcheng J.E., Kandzari D.E., Grines C.L., et al. Benefits and risks of abciximab use in primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction: the Controlled Abciximab and Device Investigation to Lower Late Angioplasty Complications (CADILLAC) trial. Circulation 2003, 108:1316-1323.
    • (2003) Circulation , vol.108 , pp. 1316-1323
    • Tcheng, J.E.1    Kandzari, D.E.2    Grines, C.L.3
  • 77
    • 77953497679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Triple antiplatelet therapy for preventing vascular events: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Geeganage C., Wilcox R., Bath P.M. Triple antiplatelet therapy for preventing vascular events: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Med 2010, 8:36.
    • (2010) BMC Med , vol.8 , pp. 36
    • Geeganage, C.1    Wilcox, R.2    Bath, P.M.3
  • 78
    • 0027501003 scopus 로고
    • Role of liver in the maintenance of cholesterol and low density lipoprotein homeostasis in different animal species, including humans
    • Dietschy J.M., Turley S.D., Spady D.K. Role of liver in the maintenance of cholesterol and low density lipoprotein homeostasis in different animal species, including humans. J Lipid Res 1993, 34:1637-1659.
    • (1993) J Lipid Res , vol.34 , pp. 1637-1659
    • Dietschy, J.M.1    Turley, S.D.2    Spady, D.K.3
  • 80
    • 78651350647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PCSK9: an emerging target for treatment of hypercholesterolemia
    • Duff C.J., Hooper N.M. PCSK9: an emerging target for treatment of hypercholesterolemia. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2011, 15:157-168.
    • (2011) Expert Opin Ther Targets , vol.15 , pp. 157-168
    • Duff, C.J.1    Hooper, N.M.2
  • 81
    • 34548163845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Secreted PCSK9 promotes LDL receptor degradation independently of proteolytic activity
    • Li J., Tumanut C., Gavigan J.A., et al. Secreted PCSK9 promotes LDL receptor degradation independently of proteolytic activity. Biochem J 2007, 406:203-207.
    • (2007) Biochem J , vol.406 , pp. 203-207
    • Li, J.1    Tumanut, C.2    Gavigan, J.A.3
  • 82
    • 70350746156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dissection of the endogenous cellular pathways of PCSK9-induced low density lipoprotein receptor degradation: evidence for an intracellular route
    • Poirier S., Mayer G., Poupon V., et al. Dissection of the endogenous cellular pathways of PCSK9-induced low density lipoprotein receptor degradation: evidence for an intracellular route. J Biol Chem 2009, 284:28856-28864.
    • (2009) J Biol Chem , vol.284 , pp. 28856-28864
    • Poirier, S.1    Mayer, G.2    Poupon, V.3
  • 83
    • 79957793377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 in hyperlipidemia: focus on therapeutic implications
    • Farnier M. The role of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 in hyperlipidemia: focus on therapeutic implications. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2011, 11:145-152.
    • (2011) Am J Cardiovasc Drugs , vol.11 , pp. 145-152
    • Farnier, M.1
  • 84
    • 61449444418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PCSK9 as a therapeutic target of dyslipidemia
    • Seidah N.G. PCSK9 as a therapeutic target of dyslipidemia. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2009, 13:19-28.
    • (2009) Expert Opin Ther Targets , vol.13 , pp. 19-28
    • Seidah, N.G.1
  • 85
    • 34547108600 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Binding of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 to epidermal growth factor-like repeat A of low density lipoprotein receptor decreases receptor recycling and increases degradation
    • Zhang D.W., Lagace T.A., Garuti R., et al. Binding of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 to epidermal growth factor-like repeat A of low density lipoprotein receptor decreases receptor recycling and increases degradation. J Biol Chem 2007, 282:18602-18612.
    • (2007) J Biol Chem , vol.282 , pp. 18602-18612
    • Zhang, D.W.1    Lagace, T.A.2    Garuti, R.3
  • 86
    • 34547137377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Catalytic activity is not required for secreted PCSK9 to reduce low density lipoprotein receptors in HepG2 cells
    • McNutt M.C., Lagace T.A., Horton J.D. Catalytic activity is not required for secreted PCSK9 to reduce low density lipoprotein receptors in HepG2 cells. J Biol Chem 2007, 282:20799-20803.
    • (2007) J Biol Chem , vol.282 , pp. 20799-20803
    • McNutt, M.C.1    Lagace, T.A.2    Horton, J.D.3
  • 90
    • 84862219022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and efficacy of a monoclonal antibody to proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin Type 9 serine protease, SAR236553/REGN727, in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia receiving ongoing stable atorvastatin therapy (NCT01288443)
    • McKenney J.M., Koren M.J., Kereiakes D.J., Hanotin C., Ferrand A.-C., Stein E.A. Safety and efficacy of a monoclonal antibody to proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin Type 9 serine protease, SAR236553/REGN727, in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia receiving ongoing stable atorvastatin therapy (NCT01288443). J Am Coll Cardiol 2012, 59:2344-2353.
    • (2012) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.59 , pp. 2344-2353
    • McKenney, J.M.1    Koren, M.J.2    Kereiakes, D.J.3    Hanotin, C.4    Ferrand, A.-C.5    Stein, E.A.6
  • 91
    • 84863494422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of a monoclonal antibody to PCSK9, REGN727/SAR236553, to reduce LDL cholesterol in patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia on stable statin dose with or without ezetimibe therapy (NCT:01266876)
    • Stein E.A., Gipe D., Bergeron J., et al. Effects of a monoclonal antibody to PCSK9, REGN727/SAR236553, to reduce LDL cholesterol in patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia on stable statin dose with or without ezetimibe therapy (NCT:01266876). Lancet 2012, 380:29-36.
    • (2012) Lancet , vol.380 , pp. 29-36
    • Stein, E.A.1    Gipe, D.2    Bergeron, J.3
  • 92
    • 84868689211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atorvastatin with or without an antibody to PCSK9 in primary hypercholesterolemia
    • Roth E.M., McKenney J.M., Hanotin C., Asset G., Stein E.A. Atorvastatin with or without an antibody to PCSK9 in primary hypercholesterolemia. N Engl J Med 2012, 367:1891-1900.
    • (2012) N Engl J Med , vol.367 , pp. 1891-1900
    • Roth, E.M.1    McKenney, J.M.2    Hanotin, C.3    Asset, G.4    Stein, E.A.5
  • 93
    • 84870478439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of a monoclonal antibody to proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 in combination with a statin in patients with hypercholesterolaemia (LAPLACE-TIMI 57): a randomised, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging, phase 2 study
    • Giugliano R.P., Desai N.R., Kohli P., et al. Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of a monoclonal antibody to proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 in combination with a statin in patients with hypercholesterolaemia (LAPLACE-TIMI 57): a randomised, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging, phase 2 study. Lancet 2012, 380:2007-2017. 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61770-X.
    • (2012) Lancet , vol.380 , pp. 2007-2017
    • Giugliano, R.P.1    Desai, N.R.2    Kohli, P.3
  • 94
    • 84870494510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of a monoclonal antibody to proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 as monotherapy in patients with hypercholesterolaemia (MENDEL): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 study
    • Koren M.J., Scott R., Kim J.B., et al. Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of a monoclonal antibody to proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 as monotherapy in patients with hypercholesterolaemia (MENDEL): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 study. Lancet 2012, 380:1995-2006. 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61771-1.
    • (2012) Lancet , vol.380 , pp. 1995-2006
    • Koren, M.J.1    Scott, R.2    Kim, J.B.3
  • 95
    • 84869220345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol-lowering effects of AMG 145, a monoclonal antibody to proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 serine protease in patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia: the reduction of LDL-C with PCSK9 Inhibition in Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia Disorder (RUTHERFORD) randomized trial
    • Raal F., Scott R., Somaratne R., et al. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol-lowering effects of AMG 145, a monoclonal antibody to proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 serine protease in patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia: the reduction of LDL-C with PCSK9 Inhibition in Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia Disorder (RUTHERFORD) randomized trial. Circulation 2012, 126:2408-2417.
    • (2012) Circulation , vol.126 , pp. 2408-2417
    • Raal, F.1    Scott, R.2    Somaratne, R.3
  • 96
    • 84871326497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of a monoclonal antibody to PCSK9 on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in statin-intolerant patients: the GAUSS randomized trial
    • Sullivan D., Olsson A.G., Scott R., et al. Effect of a monoclonal antibody to PCSK9 on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in statin-intolerant patients: the GAUSS randomized trial. JAMA 2012, 308:2497-2506.
    • (2012) JAMA , vol.308 , pp. 2497-2506
    • Sullivan, D.1    Olsson, A.G.2    Scott, R.3
  • 97
    • 84863116753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An anti-PCSK9 antibody reduces LDL-cholesterol on top of a statin and suppresses hepatocyte SREBP-regulated genes
    • Zhang L., McCabe T., Condra J.H., et al. An anti-PCSK9 antibody reduces LDL-cholesterol on top of a statin and suppresses hepatocyte SREBP-regulated genes. Int J Biol Sci 2012, 8:310-327.
    • (2012) Int J Biol Sci , vol.8 , pp. 310-327
    • Zhang, L.1    McCabe, T.2    Condra, J.H.3
  • 99
    • 77956262162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of PCSK9 polymorphisms on serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and risk of atherosclerosis
    • Davignon J., Dubuc G., Seidah N.G. The influence of PCSK9 polymorphisms on serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and risk of atherosclerosis. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2010, 12:308-315.
    • (2010) Curr Atheroscler Rep , vol.12 , pp. 308-315
    • Davignon, J.1    Dubuc, G.2    Seidah, N.G.3
  • 100
    • 0037603589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutations in PCSK9 cause autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia
    • Abifadel M., Varret M., Rabes J.P., et al. Mutations in PCSK9 cause autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia. Nat Genet 2003, 34:154-156.
    • (2003) Nat Genet , vol.34 , pp. 154-156
    • Abifadel, M.1    Varret, M.2    Rabes, J.P.3
  • 101
    • 33644807009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severe hypercholesterolemia in four British families with the D374Y mutation in the PCSK9 gene: long-term follow-up and treatment response
    • Naoumova R.P., Tosi I., Patel D., et al. Severe hypercholesterolemia in four British families with the D374Y mutation in the PCSK9 gene: long-term follow-up and treatment response. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2005, 25:2654-2660.
    • (2005) Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol , vol.25 , pp. 2654-2660
    • Naoumova, R.P.1    Tosi, I.2    Patel, D.3
  • 102
    • 73449143804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of PCSK9 variants on common carotid artery intima media thickness and relation to ApoE alleles
    • Norata G.D., Garlaschelli K., Grigore L., et al. Effects of PCSK9 variants on common carotid artery intima media thickness and relation to ApoE alleles. Atherosclerosis 2010, 208:177-182.
    • (2010) Atherosclerosis , vol.208 , pp. 177-182
    • Norata, G.D.1    Garlaschelli, K.2    Grigore, L.3
  • 103
    • 33645103550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sequence variations in PCSK9, low LDL, and protection against coronary heart disease
    • Cohen J.C., Boerwinkle E., Mosley T.H., Hobbs H.H. Sequence variations in PCSK9, low LDL, and protection against coronary heart disease. N Engl J Med 2006, 354:1264-1272.
    • (2006) N Engl J Med , vol.354 , pp. 1264-1272
    • Cohen, J.C.1    Boerwinkle, E.2    Mosley, T.H.3    Hobbs, H.H.4
  • 104
    • 33748661502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular characterization of loss-of-function mutations in PCSK9 and identification of a compound heterozygote
    • Zhao Z., Tuakli-Wosornu Y., Lagace T.A., et al. Molecular characterization of loss-of-function mutations in PCSK9 and identification of a compound heterozygote. Am J Hum Genet 2006, 79:514-523.
    • (2006) Am J Hum Genet , vol.79 , pp. 514-523
    • Zhao, Z.1    Tuakli-Wosornu, Y.2    Lagace, T.A.3
  • 105
    • 29944443017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel mutations of the PCSK9 gene cause variable phenotype of autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia
    • Allard D., Amsellem S., Abifadel M., et al. Novel mutations of the PCSK9 gene cause variable phenotype of autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia. Hum Mutat 2005, 26:497.
    • (2005) Hum Mutat , vol.26 , pp. 497
    • Allard, D.1    Amsellem, S.2    Abifadel, M.3
  • 106
    • 13944265645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low LDL cholesterol in individuals of African descent resulting from frequent nonsense mutations in PCSK9
    • Cohen J., Pertsemlidis A., Kotowski I.K., Graham R., Garcia C.K., Hobbs H.H. Low LDL cholesterol in individuals of African descent resulting from frequent nonsense mutations in PCSK9. Nat Genet 2005, 37:161-165.
    • (2005) Nat Genet , vol.37 , pp. 161-165
    • Cohen, J.1    Pertsemlidis, A.2    Kotowski, I.K.3    Graham, R.4    Garcia, C.K.5    Hobbs, H.H.6
  • 107
    • 77953309816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PCSK9 R46L, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and risk of ischemic heart disease: 3 independent studies and meta-analyses
    • Benn M., Nordestgaard B.G., Grande P., Schnohr P., Tybjaerg-Hansen A. PCSK9 R46L, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and risk of ischemic heart disease: 3 independent studies and meta-analyses. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010, 55:2833-2842.
    • (2010) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.55 , pp. 2833-2842
    • Benn, M.1    Nordestgaard, B.G.2    Grande, P.3    Schnohr, P.4    Tybjaerg-Hansen, A.5
  • 108
    • 57649193160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variation in PCSK9, low LDL cholesterol, and risk of peripheral arterial disease
    • Folsom A.R., Peacock J.M., Boerwinkle E. Variation in PCSK9, low LDL cholesterol, and risk of peripheral arterial disease. Atherosclerosis 2009, 202:211-215.
    • (2009) Atherosclerosis , vol.202 , pp. 211-215
    • Folsom, A.R.1    Peacock, J.M.2    Boerwinkle, E.3
  • 109
    • 73849114174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PCSK9 dominant negative mutant results in increased LDL catabolic rate and familial hypobetalipoproteinemia
    • Cariou B., Ouguerram K., Zair Y., et al. PCSK9 dominant negative mutant results in increased LDL catabolic rate and familial hypobetalipoproteinemia. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2009, 29:2191-2197.
    • (2009) Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol , vol.29 , pp. 2191-2197
    • Cariou, B.1    Ouguerram, K.2    Zair, Y.3
  • 110
    • 34447299120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The C679X mutation in PCSK9 is present and lowers blood cholesterol in a Southern African population
    • Hooper A.J., Marais A.D., Tanyanyiwa D.M., Burnett J.R. The C679X mutation in PCSK9 is present and lowers blood cholesterol in a Southern African population. Atherosclerosis 2007, 193:445-448.
    • (2007) Atherosclerosis , vol.193 , pp. 445-448
    • Hooper, A.J.1    Marais, A.D.2    Tanyanyiwa, D.M.3    Burnett, J.R.4
  • 111
    • 17244377696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decreased plasma cholesterol and hypersensitivity to statins in mice lacking PCSK9
    • Rashid S., Curtis D.E., Garuti R., et al. Decreased plasma cholesterol and hypersensitivity to statins in mice lacking PCSK9. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005, 102:5374-5379.
    • (2005) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.102 , pp. 5374-5379
    • Rashid, S.1    Curtis, D.E.2    Garuti, R.3
  • 112
    • 34848861377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 is correlated directly with serum LDL cholesterol
    • Alborn W.E., Cao G., Careskey H.E., et al. Serum proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 is correlated directly with serum LDL cholesterol. Clin Chem 2007, 53:1814-1819.
    • (2007) Clin Chem , vol.53 , pp. 1814-1819
    • Alborn, W.E.1    Cao, G.2    Careskey, H.E.3
  • 113
    • 44849086762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma PCSK9 concentrations correlate with LDL and total cholesterol in diabetic patients and are decreased by fenofibrate treatment
    • Lambert G., Ancellin N., Charlton F., et al. Plasma PCSK9 concentrations correlate with LDL and total cholesterol in diabetic patients and are decreased by fenofibrate treatment. Clin Chem 2008, 54:1038-1045.
    • (2008) Clin Chem , vol.54 , pp. 1038-1045
    • Lambert, G.1    Ancellin, N.2    Charlton, F.3
  • 114
    • 84860290100 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma levels of proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 (PCSK9) and phenotypic variability in familial hypercholesterolemia
    • Huijgen R., Fouchier S.W., Denoun M., et al. Plasma levels of proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 (PCSK9) and phenotypic variability in familial hypercholesterolemia. J Lipid Res 2012, 53:979-983.
    • (2012) J Lipid Res , vol.53 , pp. 979-983
    • Huijgen, R.1    Fouchier, S.W.2    Denoun, M.3
  • 115
    • 67649834056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 neutralizing antibody reduces serum cholesterol in mice and nonhuman primates
    • Chan J.C., Piper D.E., Cao Q., et al. A proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 neutralizing antibody reduces serum cholesterol in mice and nonhuman primates. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009, 106:9820-9825.
    • (2009) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.106 , pp. 9820-9825
    • Chan, J.C.1    Piper, D.E.2    Cao, Q.3
  • 116
    • 84871397660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduction of LDL cholesterol by a monoclonal antibody to PCSK9 in rodents and nonhuman primates
    • Gusarova V, Howard VG, Okamoto H, et al. Reduction of LDL cholesterol by a monoclonal antibody to PCSK9 in rodents and nonhuman primates. Clin Lipidol 2012.
    • (2012) Clin Lipidol
    • Gusarova, V.1    Howard, V.G.2    Okamoto, H.3
  • 117
    • 84862908949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 antagonism reduces low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in statin-treated hypercholesterolemic nonhuman primates
    • Liang H., Chaparro-Riggers J., Strop P., et al. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 antagonism reduces low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in statin-treated hypercholesterolemic nonhuman primates. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2012, 340:228-236.
    • (2012) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.340 , pp. 228-236
    • Liang, H.1    Chaparro-Riggers, J.2    Strop, P.3
  • 118
    • 84859510090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increasing serum half-life and extending cholesterol lowering in vivo by engineering an antibody with pH-sensitive binding to PCSK9
    • Chaparro-Riggers J., Liang H., Devay R.M., et al. Increasing serum half-life and extending cholesterol lowering in vivo by engineering an antibody with pH-sensitive binding to PCSK9. J Biol Chem 2012, 287:11090-11097.
    • (2012) J Biol Chem , vol.287 , pp. 11090-11097
    • Chaparro-Riggers, J.1    Liang, H.2    Devay, R.M.3
  • 119
    • 78650904300 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A PCSK9-binding antibody that structurally mimics the EGF(A) domain of LDL-receptor reduces LDL cholesterol in vivo
    • Ni Y.G., Di M.S., Condra J.H., et al. A PCSK9-binding antibody that structurally mimics the EGF(A) domain of LDL-receptor reduces LDL cholesterol in vivo. J Lipid Res 2011, 52:78-86.
    • (2011) J Lipid Res , vol.52 , pp. 78-86
    • Ni, Y.G.1    Di, M.S.2    Condra, J.H.3
  • 120
    • 77951224306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A proprotein convertase subtilisin-like/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) C-terminal domain antibody antigen-binding fragment inhibits PCSK9 internalization and restores low density lipoprotein uptake
    • Ni Y.G., Condra J.H., Orsatti L., et al. A proprotein convertase subtilisin-like/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) C-terminal domain antibody antigen-binding fragment inhibits PCSK9 internalization and restores low density lipoprotein uptake. J Biol Chem 2010, 285:12882-12891.
    • (2010) J Biol Chem , vol.285 , pp. 12882-12891
    • Ni, Y.G.1    Condra, J.H.2    Orsatti, L.3
  • 122
    • 77958462583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strategies for proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin 9 modulation: a perspective on recent patents
    • Abifadel M., Pakradouni J., Collin M., et al. Strategies for proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin 9 modulation: a perspective on recent patents. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2010, 20:1547-1571.
    • (2010) Expert Opin Ther Pat , vol.20 , pp. 1547-1571
    • Abifadel, M.1    Pakradouni, J.2    Collin, M.3
  • 123
    • 79960270412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9: therapeutical perspectives
    • Chan D.C. Regulation of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9: therapeutical perspectives. Atherosclerosis 2011, 217:77-79.
    • (2011) Atherosclerosis , vol.217 , pp. 77-79
    • Chan, D.C.1
  • 124
    • 84858638369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of a monoclonal antibody to PCSK9 on LDL cholesterol
    • Stein E.A., Mellis S., Yancopoulos G.D., et al. Effect of a monoclonal antibody to PCSK9 on LDL cholesterol. N Engl J Med 2012, 366:1108-1118.
    • (2012) N Engl J Med , vol.366 , pp. 1108-1118
    • Stein, E.A.1    Mellis, S.2    Yancopoulos, G.D.3
  • 125
    • 84868206496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of AMG 145 on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels: results from 2 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, ascending-dose phase 1 studies in healthy volunteers and hypercholesterolemic subjects on statins
    • Dias C.S., Shaywitz A.J., Wasserman S.M., et al. Effects of AMG 145 on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels: results from 2 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, ascending-dose phase 1 studies in healthy volunteers and hypercholesterolemic subjects on statins. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012, 60:1888-1898.
    • (2012) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.60 , pp. 1888-1898
    • Dias, C.S.1    Shaywitz, A.J.2    Wasserman, S.M.3
  • 126
    • 67649834099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of PCSK9: a powerful weapon for achieving ideal LDL cholesterol levels
    • Steinberg D., Witztum J.L. Inhibition of PCSK9: a powerful weapon for achieving ideal LDL cholesterol levels. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009, 106:9546-9547.
    • (2009) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.106 , pp. 9546-9547
    • Steinberg, D.1    Witztum, J.L.2
  • 128
    • 0343920798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug associated cutaneous vasculitis in adults in northwestern Spain
    • Garcia-Porrua C., Gonzalez-Gay M.A., Lopez-Lazaro L. Drug associated cutaneous vasculitis in adults in northwestern Spain. J Rheumatol 1999, 26:1942-1944.
    • (1999) J Rheumatol , vol.26 , pp. 1942-1944
    • Garcia-Porrua, C.1    Gonzalez-Gay, M.A.2    Lopez-Lazaro, L.3
  • 129
    • 34447505845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autoimmune diseases induced by TNF-targeted therapies: analysis of 233 cases
    • Ramos-Casals M., Brito-Zeron P., Munoz S., et al. Autoimmune diseases induced by TNF-targeted therapies: analysis of 233 cases. Med (Baltimore) 2007, 86:242-251.
    • (2007) Med (Baltimore) , vol.86 , pp. 242-251
    • Ramos-Casals, M.1    Brito-Zeron, P.2    Munoz, S.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.