Intensive versus Moderate Lipid Lowering with Statins after Acute Coronary Syndromes

New England Journal of Medicine

Volumn 350, Issue 15, 2004, Pages 1495-1504

  Cannon, Christopher P ^a   Braunwald, Eugene ^a   McCabe, Carolyn H ^a   Rader, Daniel J ^b   Rouleau, Jean L ^c   Belder, Rene ^d   Joyal, Steven V ^d   Hill, Karen A ^e   Pfeffer, Marc A ^a   Skene, Allan M ^e  

^a BRIGHAM AND WOMEN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITÉ DE MONTRÉAL   (Canada)

^d BRISTOL MYERS SQUIBB   (United States)

^e Nottingham Clinical Research Group   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; ANTILIPEMIC AGENT; ATORVASTATIN; CLOPIDOGREL; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; PRAVASTATIN; WARFARIN;

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONFIDENCE INTERVAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEATH; DOUBLE BLIND PROCEDURE; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG MEGADOSE; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HAZARD ASSESSMENT; HEART INFARCTION; HEART MUSCLE ISCHEMIA; HEART MUSCLE REVASCULARIZATION; HEART PROTECTION; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMAN; KAPLAN MEIER METHOD; LIPID ANALYSIS; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MULTICENTER STUDY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; STROKE; TREATMENT OUTCOME; UNSTABLE ANGINA PECTORIS;

ANGINA, UNSTABLE; ANTICHOLESTEREMIC AGENTS; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; CHOLESTEROL, HDL; CHOLESTEROL, LDL; FEMALE; HEPTANOIC ACIDS; HUMANS; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL-COA REDUCTASE INHIBITORS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; PRAVASTATIN; PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODELS; PYRROLES;

EID: 11144355354     PISSN: 00284793     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa040583     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study Group. Randomised trial of cholesterol lowering in 4 444 patients with coronary heart disease: the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). Lancet 1994;344:1383-9.
2. Sacks RM, Pfeffer MA, Moye LA, et al. The effect of pravastatin on coronary events after myocardial infarction in patients with average cholesterol levels. N Engl J Med 1996;335:1001-9.
3. The Long-Term Intervention with Pravastatin in Ischaemic Disease (LIPID) Study Group. Prevention of cardiovascular events and death with pravastatin in patients with coronary heart disease and a broad range of initial cholesterol levels. N Engl J Med 1998; 339:1349-57.
4. Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group. MKC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20 536 high-risk individuals: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2002;360:7-22.
5. Shepard J, Cobbe SM, Ford I, et al. Prevention of coronary heart disease with pravastatin in men with hypercholesterolemia. N Engl J Med 1995;333:1301-7.
6. Downs JR, Clearfield M, Weis S, et al. Primary prevention of acute coronary events with lovastatin in men and women with average cholesterol levels: results of AFCAPS/TexCAPS: Air Force/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study. JAMA 1998;279: 1615-22.
7. Shepherd J, Blauw GJ, Murphy MB, et al. Pravastatin in elderly individuals at risk of vascular disease (PROSPER): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2002;360:1623-30.
8. Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. Executive summary of the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment panel III). JAMA 2001;285:2486-97.
9. De Backer G, Ambrosioni E, Borch-Johnsen K, et al. European guidelines on cardiovascular disease and prevention in clinical practice. Atherosclerosis 2003;171:145-55.
10. Davidson MH, Nawrocki JW, Weiss SR, et al. Effectiveness of atorvastatin for reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol to National Cholesterol Education Program treatment goals. Am J Cardiol 1997;80:347-8.
11. Cannon CP, McCabe CH, Belder R, Breen J, Braunwald E. Design of the Pravastatin or Atorvastatin Evaluation and Infection Therapy (PROVE IT)-TIMI 22 trial. Am J Cardiol 2002;89:860-1.
12. Cannon CP, McCabe CH, Wilcox RG, et al. Oral glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibition with orbofiban in patients with unstable coronary syndromes (OPUS-TIMI 16) trial. Circulation 2000;102:149-56.
13. Cannon CP, Battler A, Brindis RG, et al. American College of Cardiology key data elements and definitions for measuring the clinical management and outcomes of patients with acute coronary syndromes: a report of the Americam College of Cardiology Task Force on Clinical Data Standards (Acute Coronary Syndromes Writing Committee). J Am Coll Cardiol 2001;38:2114-30.
14. Lachin JM, Foulkes MA. Evaluation of sample size and power for analyses of survival with allowance for nonuniform patient entry, losses to follow-up, noncompliance, and stratification. Biometrics 1986;42:507-19.
15. Bonetti PO, Lerman LO, Napoli C, Lerman A. Statin effects beyond lipid lowering - are they clinically relevant? Eur Heart J 2003;24:225-48.
16. Schwartz GG, Olsson AG, Ezekowitz MD, et al. Effects of atorvastatin on early recurrent ischemic events in acute coronary syndromes: the MIRACL study: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2001;285:1711-8.
17. Stenestrand U, Wallentin L. Early statin treatment following acute myocardial infarction and 1-year survival. JAMA 2001;285: 430-6.
18. Aronow HD, Topol EJ, Roe MT, et al. Effect of lipid-lowering therapy on early mortality after acute coronary syndromes: an observational study. Lancet 2001;357:1063-8.
19. Asakura M, Ueda Y, Yamaguchi O, et al. Extensive development of vulnerable plaques as a pan-coronary process in patients with myocardial infarction: an angioscopic study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001;37:1284-8.
20. Goldstein JA, Demetriou D, Grines CL, Pica M, Shoukfeh M, O'Neill WW. Multiple complex coronary plaques in patients with acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 2000;343:915-22.
21. Braunwald E, Antman EM, Beasley JW, et al. ACC/AHA guideline update for the management of patients with unstable angina and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction - 2002: summary article: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on the Management of Patients with Unstable Angina). Circulation 2002;106:1893-900.
22. Nissen SE, Tuzcu EM, Schoenhagen P, et al. Effect of intensive compared with moderate lipid-lowering therapy on progression of coronary atherosclerosis. JAMA 2004; 291:1071-80.
23. Campeau L, Hunninghake DB, Knatterud GL, et al. Aggressive cholesterol lowering delays saphenous vein graft atherosclerosis in women, the elderly, and patients with associated risk factors: NHLBI post coronary artery bypass graft clinical trial. Circulation 1999;99:3241-7.
24. Taylor AJ, Kent SM, Flaherty PJ, Coyle LC, Markwood Tr, Vernalis MN. ARBITER: Arterial Biology for the Investigation of the Treatment Effects of Reducing Cholesterol: a randomized trial comparing the effects of atorvastatin and pravastatin on carotid intima medial thickness. Circulation 2002; 106:2055-60.
25. Kent SM, Coyle LC, Flaherty PJ, Markwood TT, Taylor AJ. Marked low-density lipoprotein cholesterol reduction below current National Cholesterol Education Program targets provides the greatest reduction in carotid atherosclerosis. Clin Cardiol 2004;27:17-21.
26. Smilde TJ, van Wissen S, Wollersheim H, Trip MD, Kastelein JJ, Stalenhoef AF. Effect of aggressive versus conventional lipid lowering on atherosclerosis progression in familial hypercholesterolaemia (ASAP): a prospective, randomised, double-blind trial. Lancet 2001;357:577-81.
27. LaRosa JC. New and emerging data from clinical trials of statins. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2004;6:12-9.