High-dose simvastatin for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: A multicenter, randomized, controlled, double-blind clinical trial protocol

Neurosurgery

Volumn 72, Issue 5, 2013, Pages 840-844

  Wong, George Kwok Chu ^a   Liang, Min ^b   Tan, Haibin ^c   Lee, Michael Wing Yan ^d   Po, Yin Chung ^e   Chan, Kwong Yau ^f   Poon, Wai Sang ^a  

^a CHINESE UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG   (Hong Kong)

^b GUANGXI MEDICAL UNIVERSITY   (China)

^c Sichuan Province People's Hospital   (China)

^d PAMELA YOUDE NETHERSOLE EASTERN HOSPITAL   (Hong Kong)

^e PRINCESS MARGARET HOSPITAL   (Hong Kong)

^f KWONG WAH HOSPITAL   (Hong Kong)

Author keywords

Cerebral aneurysm; Delayed cerebral ischemia; Statin; Stroke; Subarachnoid hemorrhage

Indexed keywords

SIMVASTATIN;

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; COST EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; DOUBLE BLIND PROCEDURE; DRUG DOSE COMPARISON; DRUG MEGADOSE; DRUG SAFETY; FEMALE; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MULTICENTER STUDY; OUTCOMES RESEARCH; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; RANKIN SCALE; SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE; TREATMENT DURATION;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; ANTICHOLESTEREMIC AGENTS; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CHINA; COMORBIDITY; DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP, DRUG; DOUBLE-BLIND METHOD; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PREVALENCE; RISK FACTORS; SIMVASTATIN; SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE; TREATMENT OUTCOME; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84876717187     PISSN: 0148396X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1227/NEU.0b013e31828ab413     Document Type: Article

References (25)

1. Lovelock CE, Rinkel GJ, Rothwell PM. Time trends in outcome of subarachnoid hemorrhage: population-based study and systematic review. Neurology. 2010;74 (19):1494-1501.
2. Wong GK, Ng RY, Poon WS. Aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage. Surg Pract. 2008;12(2):51-55.
3. Wong GK, Boet R, Ng SC, et al. Ultra-early (within 24 hours) aneurysm treatment after subarachnoid hemorrhage. World Neurosurg. 2012;77(2): 311-315.
4. Knuckey NW, Fox RA, Surveyor I, Stokes BA. Early cerebral blood flow and computerized tomography in predicting ischemia after cerebral aneurysm rupture. J Neurosurg. 1985;62(6):850-855.
5. van Gijn J, Rinkel GJ. Subarachnoid haemorrhage: diagnosis, causes and management. Brain. 2001;124(pt 2):249-278.
6. Andaluz N, Tomsick TA, Tew JM Jr, van Loveren HR, Yeh HS, Zuccarello M. Indications for endovascular therapy for refractory vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: experience at the University of Cincinnati. Surg Neurol. 2002;58(2):131-138.
7. Liu JK, Tenner MS, Gottfried ON, et al. Efficacy of multiple intraarterial papaverine infusions for improvement in cerebral circulation time in patients with recurrent cerebral vasospasm. J Neurosurg. 2004;100(3):414-421.
8. Murai Y, Kominami S, Kobayashi S, Mizunari T, Teramoto A. The long-term effects of transluminal balloon angioplasty for vasospasms after subarachnoid hemorrhage: analyses of cerebral blood flow and reactivity. Surg Neurol. 2005;64 (2):122-126.
9. Goldstein JL, Brown MS. Regulation of the mevalonate pathway. Nature. 1990; 343(6257):425-430.
10. Delanty N, Vaughan CJ. Vascular effects of statins in stroke. Stroke. 1997;28(11): 2315-2320.
11. Vaughan CJ, Delanty N. Neuroprotective properties of statins in cerebral ischemia and stroke. Stroke. 1999;30(9):1969-1973.
12. Wong GK, Poon WS. The biochemical basis of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors as neuroprotective agents in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Pharmaceuticals. 2010;3(10):3186-3199.
13. Sabri M, Ai J, Marsden PA, Macdonald RL. Simvastatin re-couples dysfunctional endothelial nitric oxide synthase in experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage. PLoS One. 2011;6(2):e17062.
14. Endres M, Laufs U, Huang Z, et al. Stroke protection by 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA reductase inhibitors mediated by endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998;95(15):8880-8885.
15. McGirt MJ, Lynch JR, Parra A, et al. Simvastatin increases endothelial nitric oxide synthase and ameliorates cerebral vasospasm resulting from subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke. 2002;33(12):2950-2956.
16. Chen J, Zhang ZG, Li Y, et al. Statins induce angiogenesis, neurogenesis, and synaptogenesis after stroke. Ann Neurol. 2003;53(6):743-751.
17. Sugawara T, Ayer R, Jadhav V, Chen W, Tsubokawa T, Zhang JH. Simvastatin attenuation of cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats via increased phosphorylation of Akt and endothelial nitric oxide synthase. J Neurosci Res. 2008;86(16):3635-3643.
18. Lynch JR, Wang H, McGirt MJ, et al. Simvastatin reduces vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: results of a pilot randomized clinical trial. Stroke. 2005;36(9):2024-2026.
19. Tseng MY, Czosnyka M, Richards H, Pickard JD, Kirkpatrick PJ. Effects of acute treatment with pravastatin on cerebral vasospasm, autoregulation, and delayed ischemic deficits after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a phase II randomized placebo-controlled trial. Stroke. 2005;36(8):1627-1632.
20. Tseng MY, Hutchinson PJ, Czosnyka M, Richards H, Pickard JD, Kirkpatrick PJ. Effects of acute pravastatin treatment on intensity of rescue therapy, length of inpatient stay, and 6-month outcome in patients after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke. 2007;38(5):1545-1550.
21. Chou SH, Smith EE, Badjatia N, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled pilot study of simvastatin in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke. 2008;39(10):2891-2893.
22. Tseng MY; Participants in the International Multidisciplinary Consensus Conference on the Critical Care Management of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Summary of evidence on immediate statins therapy following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurocrit Care. 2011;15(2):298-301.
23. Sillberg VA, Wells GA, Perry JJ. Do statins improve outcomes and reduce the incidence of vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a metaanalysis. Stroke. 2008;39(9):2622-2626.
24. Wong GK, Chan TV, Poon WS, Boet R, Gin T. Intravenous magnesium sulphate to improve outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg Anaesth. 2006;18(2):142-148.
25. Wong GK, Poon WS, Chan MT, et al. Intravenous Magnesium Sulphate for Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (IMASH): a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, multicenter phase III trial. Stroke. 2010;41(5):921-926.