메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 9, Issue , 2013, Pages 539-553

Role of oral teriflunomide in the management of multiple sclerosis

Author keywords

Clinical trials; Multiple sclerosis; Oral drugs; Teriflunomide

Indexed keywords

BETA1A INTERFERON; FINGOLIMOD; FUMARIC ACID DIMETHYL ESTER; GLATIRAMER; LAQUINIMOD; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; PHENYTOIN; PLACEBO; TERIFLUNOMIDE; WARFARIN;

EID: 84876518370     PISSN: 11766328     EISSN: 11782021     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2147/NDT.S31248     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (16)

References (82)
  • 1
    • 54149084585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple sclerosis
    • Compston A, Coles A. Multiple sclerosis. Lancet. 2008;372(9648): 1502-1517.
    • (2008) Lancet. , vol.372 , Issue.9648 , pp. 1502-1517
    • Compston, A.1    Coles, A.2
  • 3
    • 84871583571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The only way to manage neurodegeneration in MS is to prevent it with effective anti-inflammatory therapy: Yes
    • Evangelou N. The only way to manage neurodegeneration in MS is to prevent it with effective anti-inflammatory therapy: yes. Mult Scler. 2012;18(12):1680-1681.
    • (2012) Mult Scler. , vol.18 , Issue.12 , pp. 1680-1681
    • Evangelou, N.1
  • 4
    • 79952501096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: 2010revisions to the McDonald criteria
    • Polman CH, Reingold SC, Banwell B, etal. Diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: 2010revisions to the McDonald criteria. Ann Neurol. 2011;69(2):292-302.
    • (2011) Ann Neurol. , vol.69 , Issue.2 , pp. 292-302
    • Polman, C.H.1    Reingold, S.C.2    Banwell, B.3
  • 5
    • 84863203007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New treatments and treatment goals for patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
    • Fox EJ, Rhoades RW. New treatments and treatment goals for patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Curr Opin Neurol. 2012; 25 Suppl:S11-S19.
    • (2012) Curr Opin Neurol. , vol.25 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Fox, E.J.1    Rhoades, R.W.2
  • 6
    • 23044442340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adherence to medication
    • Osterberg L, Blaschke T. Adherence to medication. N Engl J Med. 2005;353(5):487-497.
    • (2005) N Engl J Med. , vol.353 , Issue.5 , pp. 487-497
    • Osterberg, L.1    Blaschke, T.2
  • 7
    • 76149083915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A placebo-controlled trial of oral cladribine for relapsing multiple sclerosis
    • Giovannoni G, Comi G, Cook S, etal. A placebo-controlled trial of oral cladribine for relapsing multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med. 2010;362(5):416-426.
    • (2010) N Engl J Med. , vol.362 , Issue.5 , pp. 416-426
    • Giovannoni, G.1    Comi, G.2    Cook, S.3
  • 8
    • 76149093586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A placebo-controlled trial of oral fingolimod in relapsing multiple sclerosis
    • Kappos L, Radue EM, O'Connor P, etal. A placebo-controlled trial of oral fingolimod in relapsing multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med. 2010;362:387-401.
    • (2010) N Engl J Med. , vol.362 , pp. 387-401
    • Kappos, L.1    Radue, E.M.2    O'Connor, P.3
  • 9
    • 77953634709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral fingolimod or intramuscular interferon for relapsing multiple sclerosis
    • N Engl J Med. 2010;362:402-415
    • Cohen JA, Barkhof F, Comi G, etal. Oral fingolimod or intramuscular interferon for relapsing multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med. 2010;362:402-415. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2010;11(10):1777-1781.
    • (2010) Expert Opin Pharmacother. , vol.11 , Issue.10 , pp. 1777-1781
    • Cohen, J.A.1    Barkhof, F.2    Comi, G.3
  • 10
    • 76149093586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A placebo-controlled trial of oral fingolimod in relapsing multiple sclerosis
    • Kappos L, Radue EW, O'Connor P, etal. A placebo-controlled trial of oral fingolimod in relapsing multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med. 2010; 362(5):387-401.
    • (2010) N Engl J Med. , vol.362 , Issue.5 , pp. 387-401
    • Kappos, L.1    Radue, E.W.2    O'Connor, P.3
  • 11
    • 76149140914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral fingolimod or intramuscular interferon for relapsing multiple sclerosis
    • Cohen JA, Barkhof F, Comi G, etal. Oral fingolimod or intramuscular interferon for relapsing multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med. 2010;362(5):402-415.
    • (2010) N Engl J Med. , vol.362 , Issue.5 , pp. 402-415
    • Cohen, J.A.1    Barkhof, F.2    Comi, G.3
  • 12
    • 84861427775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Laquinimod, a once-daily oral drug in development for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
    • Bruck W, Zamvil SS. Laquinimod, a once-daily oral drug in development for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2012;5(3):245-256.
    • (2012) Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. , vol.5 , Issue.3 , pp. 245-256
    • Bruck, W.1    Zamvil, S.S.2
  • 13
    • 84858217865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Placebo-controlled trial of oral laquinimod for multiple sclerosis
    • Comi G, Jeffery D, Kappos L, etal. Placebo-controlled trial of oral laquinimod for multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med. 2012;366(11):1000-1009.
    • (2012) N Engl J Med. , vol.366 , Issue.11 , pp. 1000-1009
    • Comi, G.1    Jeffery, D.2    Kappos, L.3
  • 14
    • 84871928956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple sclerosis: Oral BG12 for treatment of relapsing-remitting MS
    • Limmroth V. Multiple sclerosis: oral BG12 for treatment of relapsing-remitting MS. Nat Rev Neurol. 2013;9(1):8-10.
    • (2013) Nat Rev Neurol. , vol.9 , Issue.1 , pp. 8-10
    • Limmroth, V.1
  • 15
    • 84866423965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Placebo-controlled phase 3study of oral BG-12 for relapsing multiple sclerosis
    • Gold R, Kappos L, Arnold DL, etal. Placebo-controlled phase 3study of oral BG-12 for relapsing multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med. 2012;367(12):1098-1107.
    • (2012) N Engl J Med. , vol.367 , Issue.12 , pp. 1098-1107
    • Gold, R.1    Kappos, L.2    Arnold, D.L.3
  • 16
    • 84866355653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Placebo-controlled phase 3study of oral BG-12 or glatiramer in multiple sclerosis
    • Fox RJ, Miller DH, Phillips JT, etal. Placebo-controlled phase 3study of oral BG-12 or glatiramer in multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med. 2012;367(12):1087-1097.
    • (2012) N Engl J Med. , vol.367 , Issue.12 , pp. 1087-1097
    • Fox, R.J.1    Miller, D.H.2    Phillips, J.T.3
  • 17
    • 84867916552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of oral agent in the treatment of multiple sclerosis: How the first available oral therapy, fingolimod, will change therapeutic paradigm approach
    • Gasperini C, Ruggieri S. Development of oral agent in the treatment of multiple sclerosis: how the first available oral therapy, fingolimod, will change therapeutic paradigm approach. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2012;6: 175-186.
    • (2012) Drug Des Devel Ther. , vol.6 , pp. 175-186
    • Gasperini, C.1    Ruggieri, S.2
  • 18
    • 77956942049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple sclerosis therapies: Molecular mechanisms and future
    • Fontoura P, Garren H. Multiple sclerosis therapies: molecular mechanisms and future. Results Probl Cell Differ. 2010;51:259-285.
    • (2010) Results Probl Cell Differ. , vol.51 , pp. 259-285
    • Fontoura, P.1    Garren, H.2
  • 19
    • 60149111345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro metabolism of leflunomide by mouse and human liver microsomes
    • Chan EC, New LS. In vitro metabolism of leflunomide by mouse and human liver microsomes. Drug Metab Lett. 2007;1(4):299-305.
    • (2007) Drug Metab Lett. , vol.1 , Issue.4 , pp. 299-305
    • Chan, E.C.1    New, L.S.2
  • 20
    • 0034122123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leflunomide: An immunomodulatory drug for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune diseases
    • Herrmann ML, Schleyerbach R, Kirschbaum BJ. Leflunomide: an immunomodulatory drug for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune diseases. Immunopharmacology. 2000;47(2-3): 273-289.
    • (2000) Immunopharmacology. , vol.47 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 273-289
    • Herrmann, M.L.1    Schleyerbach, R.2    Kirschbaum, B.J.3
  • 24
    • 0034840913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suppression of experimental autoimmune neuritis by leflunomide
    • Korn T, Toyka K, Hartung HP, Jung S. Suppression of experimental autoimmune neuritis by leflunomide. Brain. 2001;124(Pt 9):1791-1802.
    • (2001) Brain. , vol.124 , Issue.PART 9 , pp. 1791-1802
    • Korn, T.1    Toyka, K.2    Hartung, H.P.3    Jung, S.4
  • 25
    • 7644223637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulation of effector cell functions in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by leflunomide-mechanisms independent of pyrimidine depletion
    • Korn T, Magnus T, Toyka K, Jung S. Modulation of effector cell functions in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by leflunomide-mechanisms independent of pyrimidine depletion. J Leukoc Biol. 2004;76(5):950-960.
    • (2004) J Leukoc Biol. , vol.76 , Issue.5 , pp. 950-960
    • Korn, T.1    Magnus, T.2    Toyka, K.3    Jung, S.4
  • 26
    • 25444448197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disruption of the interaction of T cells with antigen-presenting cells by the active leflunomide metabolite teriflunomide: Involvement of impaired integrin activation and immunologic synapse formation
    • Zeyda M, Poglitsch M, Geyeregger R, etal. Disruption of the interaction of T cells with antigen-presenting cells by the active leflunomide metabolite teriflunomide: involvement of impaired integrin activation and immunologic synapse formation. Arthritis Rheum. 2005;52(9): 2730-2739.
    • (2005) Arthritis Rheum. , vol.52 , Issue.9 , pp. 2730-2739
    • Zeyda, M.1    Poglitsch, M.2    Geyeregger, R.3
  • 27
    • 0027501428 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of the epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase activity by leflunomide
    • Mattar T, Kochhar K, Bartlett R, Bremer EG, Finnegan A. Inhibition of the epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase activity by leflunomide. FEBS Lett. 1993;334(2):161-164.
    • (1993) FEBS Lett. , vol.334 , Issue.2 , pp. 161-164
    • Mattar, T.1    Kochhar, K.2    Bartlett, R.3    Bremer, E.G.4    Finnegan, A.5
  • 28
    • 4344639961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suppressive effect of leflunomide metabolite (A77 1726) on metalloproteinase production in IL-1β stimulated rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts
    • Migita K, Miyashita T, Ishibashi H, etal. Suppressive effect of leflunomide metabolite (A77 1726) on metalloproteinase production in IL-1β stimulated rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts. Clin Exp Immunol. 2004;137(3):612-616.
    • (2004) Clin Exp Immunol. , vol.137 , Issue.3 , pp. 612-616
    • Migita, K.1    Miyashita, T.2    Ishibashi, H.3
  • 29
    • 0032519992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of JAK3 and STAT6 tyrosine phosphorylation by the immunosuppressive drug leflunomide leads to a block in IgG1 production
    • Siemasko K, Chong AS, Jack HM, Gong H, Williams JW, Finnegan A. Inhibition of JAK3 and STAT6 tyrosine phosphorylation by the immunosuppressive drug leflunomide leads to a block in IgG1 production. J Immunol. 1998;160(4):1581-1588.
    • (1998) J Immunol. , vol.160 , Issue.4 , pp. 1581-1588
    • Siemasko, K.1    Chong, A.S.2    Jack, H.M.3    Gong, H.4    Williams, J.W.5    Finnegan, A.6
  • 30
    • 0029052321 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphorylation in T cells by a novel immunosuppressive agent, leflunomide
    • Xu X, Williams JW, Bremer EG, Finnegan A, Chong AS. Inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphorylation in T cells by a novel immunosuppressive agent, leflunomide. J Biol Chem. 1995;270(21):12398-12403.
    • (1995) J Biol Chem. , vol.270 , Issue.21 , pp. 12398-12403
    • Xu, X.1    Williams, J.W.2    Bremer, E.G.3    Finnegan, A.4    Chong, A.S.5
  • 31
    • 0030014489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two activities of the immunosuppressive metabolite of leflunomide, A77 1726. Inhibition of pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis and protein tyrosine phosphorylation
    • Xu X, Williams JW, Gong H, Finnegan A, Chong AS. Two activities of the immunosuppressive metabolite of leflunomide, A77 1726. Inhibition of pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis and protein tyrosine phosphorylation. Biochem Pharmacol. 1996;52(4):527-534.
    • (1996) Biochem Pharmacol. , vol.52 , Issue.4 , pp. 527-534
    • Xu, X.1    Williams, J.W.2    Gong, H.3    Finnegan, A.4    Chong, A.S.5
  • 32
    • 0031721092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dose-dependent enhancing and inhibitory effects of A77 1726 (leflunomide) on cytotoxic T lymphocyte induction
    • Hoskin DW, Taylor RM, Makrigiannis AP, James H, Lee TD. Dose-dependent enhancing and inhibitory effects of A77 1726 (leflunomide) on cytotoxic T lymphocyte induction. Int J Immunopharmacol. 1998; 20(9):505-513.
    • (1998) Int J Immunopharmacol. , vol.20 , Issue.9 , pp. 505-513
    • Hoskin, D.W.1    Taylor, R.M.2    Makrigiannis, A.P.3    James, H.4    Lee, T.D.5
  • 33
    • 84876582031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emerging oral immunomodulating agents-focus on teriflunomide for the treatment of multiple sclerosis
    • Nwankwo E, Allington DR, Rivey MP. Emerging oral immunomodulating agents-focus on teriflunomide for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Degener Neurol Neuromuscul Dis. 2012;2:15-28.
    • (2012) Degener Neurol Neuromuscul Dis. , vol.2 , pp. 15-28
    • Nwankwo, E.1    Allington, D.R.2    Rivey, M.P.3
  • 34
    • 0037105395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Restriction of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis inhibits Th1 cell activation and promotes Th2 cell differentiation
    • Dimitrova P, Skapenko A, Herrmann ML, Schleyerbach R, Kalden JR, Schulze-Koops H. Restriction of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis inhibits Th1 cell activation and promotes Th2 cell differentiation. J Immunol. 2002;169(6):3392-3399.
    • (2002) J Immunol. , vol.169 , Issue.6 , pp. 3392-3399
    • Dimitrova, P.1    Skapenko, A.2    Herrmann, M.L.3    Schleyerbach, R.4    Kalden, J.R.5    Schulze-Koops, H.6
  • 35
    • 0345491507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exposure of T lymphocytes to leflunomide but not to dexamethasone favors the production by monocytic cells of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist and the tissue-inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 over that of interleukin-1β and metalloproteinases
    • Deage V, Burger D, Dayer JM. Exposure of T lymphocytes to leflunomide but not to dexamethasone favors the production by monocytic cells of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist and the tissue-inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 over that of interleukin-1β and metalloproteinases. Eur Cytokine Netw. 1998;9(4):663-668.
    • (1998) Eur Cytokine Netw. , vol.9 , Issue.4 , pp. 663-668
    • Deage, V.1    Burger, D.2    Dayer, J.M.3
  • 36
    • 84856220315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immune mechanisms of new therapeutic strategies in MS: Teriflunomide
    • Claussen MC, Korn T. Immune mechanisms of new therapeutic strategies in MS: teriflunomide. Clin Immunol. 2012;142(1):49-56.
    • (2012) Clin Immunol. , vol.142 , Issue.1 , pp. 49-56
    • Claussen, M.C.1    Korn, T.2
  • 38
    • 0032773737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A771726, the active metabolite of leflunomide, directly inhibits the activity of cyclo-oxygenase-2in vitro and in vivo in a substrate-sensitive manner
    • Hamilton LC, Vojnovic I, Warner TD. A771726, the active metabolite of leflunomide, directly inhibits the activity of cyclo-oxygenase-2in vitro and in vivo in a substrate-sensitive manner. Br J Pharmacol. 1999;127(7):1589-1596.
    • (1999) Br J Pharmacol. , vol.127 , Issue.7 , pp. 1589-1596
    • Hamilton, L.C.1    Vojnovic, I.2    Warner, T.D.3
  • 39
    • 0034143656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cell-specific inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase activation by leflunomide
    • Jankovic V, Samardzic T, Stosic-Grujicic S, Popadic D, Trajkovic V. Cell-specific inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase activation by leflunomide. Cell Immunol. 2000;199(2):73-80.
    • (2000) Cell Immunol. , vol.199 , Issue.2 , pp. 73-80
    • Jankovic, V.1    Samardzic, T.2    Stosic-Grujicic, S.3    Popadic, D.4    Trajkovic, V.5
  • 40
    • 84876552937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Teriflunomide treatment of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells in vitro does not impair their maturation or ability to induce allogeneic T-cell responses
    • October 10-13,; Lyon, France
    • Li L, Liu J, Zhang D, Jones C. Teriflunomide treatment of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells in vitro does not impair their maturation or ability to induce allogeneic T-cell responses. 28th Congress of the European Committee for Research and Treatment in Multiple Sclerosis (ECTRIMS); October 10-13, 2012; Lyon, France.
    • (2012) 28th Congress of the European Committee for Research and Treatment in Multiple Sclerosis (ECTRIMS)
    • Li, L.1    Liu, J.2    Zhang, D.3    Jones, C.4
  • 41
    • 0025980747 scopus 로고
    • Leflunomide (HWA 486), a novel immunomodulating compound for the treatment of autoimmune disorders and reactions leading to transplantation rejection
    • Bartlett RR, Dimitrijevic M, Mattar T, etal. Leflunomide (HWA 486), a novel immunomodulating compound for the treatment of autoimmune disorders and reactions leading to transplantation rejection. Agents Actions. 1991;32(1-2):10-21.
    • (1991) Agents Actions. , vol.32 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 10-21
    • Bartlett, R.R.1    Dimitrijevic, M.2    Mattar, T.3
  • 42
    • 84876522392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On dihydroorotate dehydrogenases and their inhibitors and uses
    • March 20 [Epub ahead of print.]
    • Munier-Lehmann H, Vidalain PO, Tangy F, Janin YL. On dihydroorotate dehydrogenases and their inhibitors and uses. J Med Chem. March 20, 2013. [Epub ahead of print.]
    • (2013) J Med Chem
    • Munier-Lehmann, H.1    Vidalain, P.O.2    Tangy, F.3    Janin, Y.L.4
  • 43
    • 84856211605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics of oral teriflunomide, a novel oral disease-modifying agent under investigation for the treatment of MS
    • April 10-17,; Toronto, ON, Canada
    • LimsakunT, Menguy-Vacheron F. Pharmacokinetics of oral teriflunomide, a novel oral disease-modifying agent under investigation for the treatment of MS. Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Neurology (AAN); April 10-17, 2010; Toronto, ON, Canada.
    • (2010) Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Neurology (AAN)
    • Limsakun, T.1    Menguy-Vacheron, F.2
  • 44
    • 0036310615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical pharmacokinetics of leflunomide
    • Rozman B. Clinical pharmacokinetics of leflunomide. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2002;41(6):421-430.
    • (2002) Clin Pharmacokinet. , vol.41 , Issue.6 , pp. 421-430
    • Rozman, B.1
  • 45
    • 0037039019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leflunomide can potentiate the anticoagulant effect of warfarin
    • Lim V, Pande I. Leflunomide can potentiate the anticoagulant effect of warfarin. BMJ. 2002;325(7376):1333.
    • (2002) BMJ. , vol.325 , Issue.7376 , pp. 1333
    • Lim, V.1    Pande, I.2
  • 47
    • 84876520598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leflunomide in dialysis patients with rheumatoid arthritis-a pharmacokinetic study
    • Bergner R, Peters L, Schmitt V, Loffler C. Leflunomide in dialysis patients with rheumatoid arthritis-a pharmacokinetic study. Clin Rheumatol. 2013;32(2):267-270.
    • (2013) Clin Rheumatol. , vol.32 , Issue.2 , pp. 267-270
    • Bergner, R.1    Peters, L.2    Schmitt, V.3    Loffler, C.4
  • 48
    • 62149096116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Teriflunomide reduces behavioral, electrophysiological, and histopathological deficits in the Dark Agouti rat model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
    • Merrill JE, Hanak S, Pu SF, etal. Teriflunomide reduces behavioral, electrophysiological, and histopathological deficits in the Dark Agouti rat model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Neurol. 2009;256(1):89-103.
    • (2009) J Neurol. , vol.256 , Issue.1 , pp. 89-103
    • Merrill, J.E.1    Hanak, S.2    Pu, S.F.3
  • 49
    • 33645799680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Phase II study of the safety and efficacy of teriflunomide in multiple sclerosis with relapses
    • O'Connor PW, Li D, Freedman MS, etal. A Phase II study of the safety and efficacy of teriflunomide in multiple sclerosis with relapses. Neurology. 2006;66(6):894-900.
    • (2006) Neurology. , vol.66 , Issue.6 , pp. 894-900
    • O'Connor, P.W.1    Li, D.2    Freedman, M.S.3
  • 52
    • 84860199056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term follow-up of a phase 2study of oral teriflunomide in relapsing multiple sclerosis: Safety and efficacy results up to 8.5 years
    • Confavreux C, Li DK, Freedman MS, etal. Long-term follow-up of a phase 2study of oral teriflunomide in relapsing multiple sclerosis: safety and efficacy results up to 8.5 years. Mult Scler. 2012;18(9): 1278-1289.
    • (2012) Mult Scler. , vol.18 , Issue.9 , pp. 1278-1289
    • Confavreux, C.1    Li, D.K.2    Freedman, M.S.3
  • 53
    • 80053533877 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized trial of oral teriflunomide for relapsing multiple sclerosis
    • O'Connor P, Wolinsky JS, Confavreux C, etal. Randomized trial of oral teriflunomide for relapsing multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med. 2011;365(14):1293-1303.
    • (2011) N Engl J Med. , vol.365 , Issue.14 , pp. 1293-1303
    • O'Connor, P.1    Wolinsky, J.S.2    Confavreux, C.3
  • 54
    • 84868013737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pre-specified subgroup analyses of a placebo-controlled phase III trial (TEMSO) of oral teriflunomide in relapsing multiple sclerosis
    • Miller AE, O'Connor P, Wolinsky JS, etal. Pre-specified subgroup analyses of a placebo-controlled phase III trial (TEMSO) of oral teriflunomide in relapsing multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler. 2012;18(11):1625-1632.
    • (2012) Mult Scler. , vol.18 , Issue.11 , pp. 1625-1632
    • Miller, A.E.1    O'Connor, P.2    Wolinsky, J.S.3
  • 56
    • 84876589070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In: ClinicalTrials. gov [website on the Internet]. Bethesda, MD: US National Library of Medicine; [updated November 5, 2012]. Available from, NLM identifier: NCT00622700. Accessed March 1, 2013
    • Sanofi. Phase III study with teriflunomide versus placebo in patients with first clinical symptom of multiple sclerosis (TOPIC). In: ClinicalTrials. gov [website on the Internet]. Bethesda, MD: US National Library of Medicine; 2008 [updated November 5, 2012]. Available from: http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00622700. NLM identifier: NCT00622700. Accessed March 1, 2013.
    • (2008) Phase III study with teriflunomide versus placebo in patients with first clinical symptom of multiple sclerosis (TOPIC)
    • Sanofi1
  • 57
    • 84863567558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Teriflunomide added to interferon-β in relapsing multiple sclerosis: A randomized phase II trial
    • Freedman MS, Wolinsky JS, Wamil B, etal. Teriflunomide added to interferon-β in relapsing multiple sclerosis: a randomized phase II trial. Neurology. 2012;78(23):1877-1885.
    • (2012) Neurology. , vol.78 , Issue.23 , pp. 1877-1885
    • Freedman, M.S.1    Wolinsky, J.S.2    Wamil, B.3
  • 58
    • 78651364988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral teriflunomide or placebo added to glatiramer acetate for 6months in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis: Safety and efficacy results
    • (AAN); April 10-17,; Toronto, ON, Canada
    • Freedman M, Wolinsky JS, Frangin GA. Oral teriflunomide or placebo added to glatiramer acetate for 6months in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis: safety and efficacy results. 62nd Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Neurology (AAN); April 10-17, 2010; Toronto, ON, Canada.
    • (2010) 62nd Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Neurology
    • Freedman, M.1    Wolinsky, J.S.2    Frangin, G.A.3
  • 59
    • 84876512089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In: ClinicalTrials. gov [website on the Internet]. Bethesda, MD: US National Library of Medicine; [updated February 21, 2013]. Available from, NLM identifier: NCT01252355. Accessed March 1, 2013
    • Sanofi. Efficacy and safety of teriflunomide in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis and treated with interferon-β (TERACLES). In: ClinicalTrials. gov [website on the Internet]. Bethesda, MD: US National Library of Medicine; 2010 [updated February 21, 2013]. Available from: http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01252355. NLM identifier: NCT01252355. Accessed March 1, 2013.
    • (2010) Efficacy and safety of teriflunomide in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis and treated with interferon-β (TERACLES)
    • Sanofi1
  • 60
    • 84881622616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A multicenter, randomized, parallel-group, rater-blinded study comparing the effectiveness and safety of teriflunomide and subcutaneous interferon β-1a in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis
    • May 30-Jun 2,; San Diego, CA, USA
    • Vermersch P, Czlonkowska A, Grimaldi L, etal. A multicenter, randomized, parallel-group, rater-blinded study comparing the effectiveness and safety of teriflunomide and subcutaneous interferon β-1a in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis. Fourth Cooperative Meeting of CMSC and ACTRIMS; May 30-Jun 2, 2012; San Diego, CA, USA.
    • (2012) Fourth Cooperative Meeting of CMSC and ACTRIMS
    • Vermersch, P.1    Czlonkowska, A.2    Grimaldi, L.3
  • 61
    • 70449722872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Benefit-risk assessment of leflunomide: An appraisal of leflunomide in rheumatoid arthritis 10 years after licensing
    • Alcorn N, Saunders S, Madhok R. Benefit-risk assessment of leflunomide: an appraisal of leflunomide in rheumatoid arthritis 10 years after licensing. Drug Saf. 2009;32(12):1123-1134.
    • (2009) Drug Saf. , vol.32 , Issue.12 , pp. 1123-1134
    • Alcorn, N.1    Saunders, S.2    Madhok, R.3
  • 62
    • 55949099918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leflunomide-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
    • Rahmlow M, Shuster EA, Dominik J, etal. Leflunomide-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Arch Neurol. 2008;65(11): 1538-1539.
    • (2008) Arch Neurol. , vol.65 , Issue.11 , pp. 1538-1539
    • Rahmlow, M.1    Shuster, E.A.2    Dominik, J.3
  • 63
    • 80052777262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rituximab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in rheumatoid arthritis
    • Clifford DB, Ances B, Costello C, etal. Rituximab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in rheumatoid arthritis. Arch Neurol. 2011;68(9):1156-1164.
    • (2011) Arch Neurol. , vol.68 , Issue.9 , pp. 1156-1164
    • Clifford, D.B.1    Ances, B.2    Costello, C.3
  • 64
    • 38649109840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus treated with rituximab
    • Harris HE. Progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus treated with rituximab. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2008;47(2):224-225.
    • (2008) Rheumatology (Oxford). , vol.47 , Issue.2 , pp. 224-225
    • Harris, H.E.1
  • 65
    • 70349785354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leflunomide-induced interstitial lung disease: Prevalence and risk factors in Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis
    • Sawada T, Inokuma S, Sato T, etal. Leflunomide-induced interstitial lung disease: prevalence and risk factors in Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2009;48(9):1069-1072.
    • (2009) Rheumatology (Oxford). , vol.48 , Issue.9 , pp. 1069-1072
    • Sawada, T.1    Inokuma, S.2    Sato, T.3
  • 66
    • 77951756564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Birth outcomes in women who have taken leflunomide during pregnancy
    • Chambers CD, Johnson DL, Robinson LK, etal. Birth outcomes in women who have taken leflunomide during pregnancy. Arth Rheum. 2010;62(5):1494-1503.
    • (2010) Arth Rheum. , vol.62 , Issue.5 , pp. 1494-1503
    • Chambers, C.D.1    Johnson, D.L.2    Robinson, L.K.3
  • 67
    • 0035116073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Teratogen update: Reproductive risks of leflunomide (Arava); a pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor: Counseling women taking leflunomide before or during pregnancy and men taking leflunomide who are contemplating fathering a child
    • Brent RL. Teratogen update: reproductive risks of leflunomide (Arava); a pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor: counseling women taking leflunomide before or during pregnancy and men taking leflunomide who are contemplating fathering a child. Teratology. 2001;63(2):106-112.
    • (2001) Teratology. , vol.63 , Issue.2 , pp. 106-112
    • Brent, R.L.1
  • 69
    • 84863662901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polymorphisms in cytochrome P450 2C19 enzyme and cessation of leflunomide in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
    • Wiese MD, Schnabl M, O'Doherty C, etal. Polymorphisms in cytochrome P450 2C19 enzyme and cessation of leflunomide in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2012;14(4):R163.
    • (2012) Arthritis Res Ther. , vol.14 , Issue.4
    • Wiese, M.D.1    Schnabl, M.2    O'Doherty, C.3
  • 72
    • 84864050973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cutaneous adverse events associated with disease-modifying treatment in multiple sclerosis: A systematic review
    • Balak DM, Hengstman GJ, Cakmak A, Thio HB. Cutaneous adverse events associated with disease-modifying treatment in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review. Mult Scler. 2012;18(12):1705-1717.
    • (2012) Mult Scler. , vol.18 , Issue.12 , pp. 1705-1717
    • Balak, D.M.1    Hengstman, G.J.2    Cakmak, A.3    Thio, H.B.4
  • 73
  • 74
    • 84876547438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BioTrends Research Group, Exton, PA: BioTrends Research Group;. Available from, Accessed March 22, 2013
    • BioTrends Research Group. TreatmentTrends®: Multiple Sclerosis (US) 2012. Exton, PA: BioTrends Research Group; 2012. Available from: http://bio-trends.com/Images---Files/Products-and-Services/Products/TT-Report-Overviews/2011-Report-Overviews/TreatmentTrends/TreatmentTrends-Multiple-Sclerosis-in-the-US-1-5-1.aspx. Accessed March 22, 2013.
    • (2012) TreatmentTrends®: Multiple Sclerosis (US) 2012
  • 75
    • 84876562386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BioTrends Research Group, Exton, PA: BioTrends Research Group;. Available from, Accessed March 22, 2013
    • BioTrends Research Group. PatientTrends®: Multiple Sclerosis (US) 2012. Exton, PA: BioTrends Research Group; 2012. Available from: http://bio-trends.com/Images---Files/Products-and-Services/Products/TT-Report-Overviews/2011-Report-Overviews/PatientTrends/PatientTrends-Multiple-Sclerosis-1-17-12.aspx. Accessed March 22, 2013.
    • (2012) PatientTrends®: Multiple Sclerosis (US) 2012
  • 76
    • 84876536518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact on health-related quality of life of teriflunomide treatment by estimating utilities in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis: Results from TEMSO post hoc analysis
    • June 9-12,; Prague, Czech Republic
    • O'Connor P, Briggs A, Carita P, Bego-Le-Bagousse G. Impact on health-related quality of life of teriflunomide treatment by estimating utilities in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis: results from TEMSO post hoc analysis. Annual Meeting of the European Neurological Society (ENS); June 9-12, 2012; Prague, Czech Republic.
    • (2012) Annual Meeting of the European Neurological Society (ENS)
    • O'Connor, P.1    Briggs, A.2    Carita, P.3    Bego-Le-Bagousse, G.4
  • 77
    • 84901715475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of patient satisfaction from the TENERE study: A comparison of teriflunomide and subcutaneous interferon β-1a in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis
    • June 9-12,; Prague, Czech Republic
    • Vermersch P, Czlonkowska A, Grimaldi L, etal. Evaluation of patient satisfaction from the TENERE study: a comparison of teriflunomide and subcutaneous interferon β-1a in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis. Annual Meeting of the European Neurological Society (ENS); June 9-12, 2012; Prague, Czech Republic.
    • (2012) Annual Meeting of the European Neurological Society (ENS)
    • Vermersch, P.1    Czlonkowska, A.2    Grimaldi, L.3
  • 78
    • 79953016820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis and the place of teriflunomide
    • Gold R, Wolinsky JS. Pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis and the place of teriflunomide. Acta Neurol Scand. 2011;124(2):75-84.
    • (2011) Acta Neurol Scand. , vol.124 , Issue.2 , pp. 75-84
    • Gold, R.1    Wolinsky, J.S.2
  • 79
    • 79959385154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cost-effectiveness of disease-modifying therapy for multiple sclerosis: A population-based study
    • Noyes K, Bajorska A, Chappel A, etal. Cost-effectiveness of disease-modifying therapy for multiple sclerosis: a population-based study. Neurology. 2011;77(4):355-363.
    • (2011) Neurology. , vol.77 , Issue.4 , pp. 355-363
    • Noyes, K.1    Bajorska, A.2    Chappel, A.3
  • 80
    • 73349127042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Observational studies: Propensity score analysis of non-randomized data
    • Trojano M, Pellegrini F, Paolicelli D, Fuiani A, Di Renzo V. Observational studies: propensity score analysis of non-randomized data. Int MS J. 2009;16(3):90-97.
    • (2009) Int MS J. , vol.16 , Issue.3 , pp. 90-97
    • Trojano, M.1    Pellegrini, F.2    Paolicelli, D.3    Fuiani, A.4    Di Renzo, V.5
  • 81
    • 84874120618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Teriflunomide for multiple sclerosis [review]
    • CD009882
    • He D, Xu Z, Dong S, etal. Teriflunomide for multiple sclerosis [review]. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;12:CD009882.
    • (2012) Cochrane Database Syst Rev. , vol.12
    • He, D.1    Xu, Z.2    Dong, S.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.