The Existence of Myocardial Repair: Mechanistic Insights and Enhancements

Cardiology in Review

Volumn 21, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 111-120

  Schoenfeld, Matthew ^a   Frishman, William H ^b   Leri, Annarosa ^c   Kajstura, Jan ^c   Anversa, Piero ^c  

^a WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b WESTCHESTER MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^c BRIGHAM AND WOMEN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

cardiac stem cells; myocardial repair; stem cell therapy

Indexed keywords

ABC TRANSPORTER; ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATASE (CALCIUM); ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE; BREAST CANCER RESISTANCE PROTEIN; CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR CXCR4; MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE PROTEIN 1; NERVE CELL ADHESION MOLECULE; SCATTER FACTOR; SOMATOMEDIN C; STEM CELL ANTIGEN 1; STROMAL CELL DERIVED FACTOR 1; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR GATA 3; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR GATA 4; VASCULAR CELL ADHESION MOLECULE 1; VASCULOTROPIN; VASCULOTROPIN RECEPTOR; VERY LATE ACTIVATION ANTIGEN 4;

ANGIOGENESIS; ATHEROGENESIS; BONE MARROW CELL; CALCIUM CELL LEVEL; CALCIUM SIGNALING; CARDIAC REGENERATION; CARDIOVASCULAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE; CELL DIVISION; CELL RENEWAL; DISEASE COURSE; ELECTROSTIMULATION; ENDOTHELIAL PROGENITOR CELL; GAP JUNCTION; HEART AMYLOIDOSIS; HEART CATHETERIZATION; HEART EJECTION FRACTION; HEART FAILURE; HEART FUNCTION; HEART GRAFT; HEART INFARCTION; HEART LEFT VENTRICLE EJECTION FRACTION; HEART MUSCLE; HEART MUSCLE CELL; HEART VENTRICLE HYPERTROPHY; HEART VENTRICLE REMODELING; HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL; HYPERLIPIDEMIA; HYPERTENSION; IN VIVO STUDY; INTRACORONARY INFUSION; MESENCHYMAL STEM CELL; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION; PHASE 1 CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); PHENOTYPE; PNEUMONIA; RENIN ANGIOTENSIN ALDOSTERONE SYSTEM; REVIEW; SCAR FORMATION; SIDE POPULATION CELL; ST SEGMENT ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; STEM CELL; STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION; TISSUE REGENERATION; TRANSGENIC MOUSE; TRANSLUMINAL CORONARY ANGIOPLASTY; Y CHROMOSOME;

BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION; CLINICAL TRIALS AS TOPIC; FEMALE; HEART; HEART FAILURE; HUMANS; MALE; MULTIPOTENT STEM CELLS; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; REGENERATION; STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION;

EID: 84876350274     PISSN: 10615377     EISSN: 15384683     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/CRD.0b013e318289d7a9     Document Type: Review

References (112)

1. Center for disease control and Prevention. 2009. Office of Information Services. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/lcod.htm. Accessed April 3, 2012.
2. Hutchins GM, Bulkley BH. Infarct expansion versus extension: two different complications of acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol. 1978;41:1127-1132. (Pubitemid 8371750)
3. Sutton MG, Sharpe N. Left ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction: pathophysiology and therapy. Circulation. 2000;101:2981-2988. (Pubitemid 30415891)
4. Pfeffer JM, Pfeffer MA, Fletcher PJ, et al. Progressive ventricular remodeling in rat with myocardial infarction 1989. Am J Physiol. 1991;260:H1406-H1414.
5. Sheiban I, Fragasso G, Rosano GM, et al. Time course and determinants of left ventricular function recovery after primary angioplasty in patients with acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001;38:464-471. (Pubitemid 32721775)
6. Braunwald E: Heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol: Heart Failure 2013;1:1-20.
7. Leri A, Kajstura J, Anversa P. Role of cardiac stem cells in cardiac pathophysiology: a paradigm shift in human myocardial biology. Circ Res. 2011;109:941-961.
8. Anversa P, Kajstura J. Ventricular myocytes are not terminally differentiated in the adult mammalian heart. Circ Res. 1998;83:1-14. (Pubitemid 28322094)
9. Anversa P, Leri A, Kajstura J, et al. Myocyte growth and cardiac repair. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2002;34:91-105. (Pubitemid 35222821)
10. Itzhaki-Alfia A, Leor J, Raanani E, et al. Patient characteristics and cell source determine the number of isolated human cardiac progenitor cells. Circulation. 2009;120:2559-2566.
11. Narula J, Haider N, Virmani R, et al. Apoptosis in myocytes in end-stage heart failure. N Engl J Med. 1996;335:1182-1189. (Pubitemid 26339772)
12. Beltrami AP, Urbanek K, Kajstura J, et al. Evidence that human cardiac myocytes divide after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 2001;344: 1750-1757. (Pubitemid 32497029)
13. Anversa P, Kajstura J, Leri A, et al. Life and death of cardiac stem cells: a paradigm shift in cardiac biology. Circulation. 2006;113:1451-1463. (Pubitemid 43739442)
14. Kajstura J, Rota M, Cappetta D, et al: Cardiomyogenesis in the aging and failing human heart. Circulation 2012;126:1869-81.
15. Chimenti C, Kajstura J, Torella D, et al. Senescence and death of primitive cells and myocytes lead to premature cardiac aging and heart failure. Circ Res. 2003;93:604-613. (Pubitemid 37222156)
16. Urbanek K, Quaini F, Tasca G, et al. Intense myocyte formation from cardiac stem cells in human cardiac hypertrophy. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2003;100:10440-10445. (Pubitemid 37071897)
17. Urbanek K, Torella D, Sheikh F, et al. Myocardial regeneration by activation of multipotent cardiac stem cells in ischemic heart failure. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2005;102:8692-8697. (Pubitemid 40862797)
18. Glaser R, Lu MM, Narula N, et al. Smooth muscle cells, but not myocytes, of host origin in transplanted human hearts. Circulation. 2002;106:17-19. (Pubitemid 34747435)
19. Müller P, Pfeiffer P, Koglin J, et al. Cardiomyocytes of noncardiac origin in myocardial biopsies of human transplanted hearts. Circulation. 2002;106:31-35. (Pubitemid 34747438)
20. Quaini F, Urbanek K, Beltrami AP, et al. Chimerism of the transplanted heart. N Engl J Med. 2002;346:5-15. (Pubitemid 34438914)
21. Jackson KA, Majka SM, Wang H, et al. Regeneration of ischemic cardiac muscle and vascular endothelium by adult stem cells. J Clin Invest. 2001;107:1395-1402. (Pubitemid 32522033)
22. Kucia M, Dawn B, Hunt G, et al. Cells expressing early cardiac markers reside in the bone marrow and are mobilized into the peripheral blood after myocardial infarction. Circ Res. 2004;95:1191-1199. (Pubitemid 39648210)
23. Shintani S, Murohara T, Ikeda H, et al. Mobilization of endothelial progenitor cells in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Circulation. 2001;103:2776-2779. (Pubitemid 32550062)
24. Mouquet F, Pfister O, Jain M, et al. Restoration of cardiac progenitor cells after myocardial infarction by self-proliferation and selective homing of bone marrow-derived stem cells. Circ Res. 2005;97:1090-1092.
25. Asahara T, Masuda H, Takahashi T, et al. Bone marrow origin of endothelial progenitor cells responsible for postnatal vasculogenesis in physiological and pathological neovascularization. Circ Res. 1999;85:221-228. (Pubitemid 29377293)
26. Schmidt-Lucke C, Rössig L, Fichtlscherer S, et al. Reduced number of circulating endothelial progenitor cells predicts future cardiovascular events: proof of concept for the clinical importance of endogenous vascular repair. Circulation. 2005;111:2981-2987. (Pubitemid 40814192)
27. Tepper OM, Galiano RD, Capla JM, et al. Human endothelial progenitor cells from type II diabetics exhibit impaired proliferation, adhesion, and incorporation into vascular structures. Circulation. 2002;106:2781-2786. (Pubitemid 35396976)
28. Müller P, Kazakov A, Jagoda P, et al. ACE inhibition promotes upregulation of endothelial progenitor cells and neoangiogenesis in cardiac pressure overload. Cardiovasc Res. 2009;83:106-114.
29. Leone AM, Rutella S, Bonanno G, et al. Mobilization of bone marrowderived stem cells after myocardial infarction and left ventricular function. Eur Heart J. 2005;26:1196-1204. (Pubitemid 40863126)
30. Kajstura J, Rota M, Whang B, et al. Bone marrow cells differentiate in cardiac cell lineages after infarction independently of cell fusion. Circ Res. 2005;96:127-137. (Pubitemid 40095762)
31. Beltrami AP, Barlucchi L, Torella D, et al. Adult cardiac stem cells are multipotent and support myocardial regeneration. Cell. 2003;114:763-776. (Pubitemid 37186770)
32. Oh H, Bradfute SB, Gallardo TD, et al. Cardiac progenitor cells from adult myocardium: homing, differentiation, and fusion after infarction. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2003;100:12313-12318. (Pubitemid 37271557)
33. Pfister O, Oikonomopoulos A, Sereti KI, et al. Role of the ATP-binding cassette transporter Abcg2 in the phenotype and function of cardiac side population cells. Circ Res. 2008;103:825-835.
34. Urbanek K, Cesselli D, Rota M, et al. Stem cell niches in the adult mouse heart. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2006;103:9226-9231. (Pubitemid 43902560)
35. Ferreira-Martins J, Rondon-Clavo C, Tugal D, et al. Spontaneous calcium oscillations regulate human cardiac progenitor cell growth. Circ Res. 2009;105:764-774.
36. Gherghiceanu M, Popescu LM. Cardiomyocyte precursors and telocytes in epicardial stem cell niche: electron microscope images. J Cell Mol Med. 2010;14:871-877.
37. Bearzi C, Rota M, Hosoda T, et al. Human cardiac stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2007;104:14068-14073. (Pubitemid 350003336)
38. Bearzi C, Leri A, Lo Monaco F, et al. Identification of a coronary vascular progenitor cell in the human heart. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2009;106:15885-15890.
39. D'Amario D, Fiorini C, Campbell PM, et al. Functionally competent cardiac stem cells can be isolated from endomyocardial biopsies of patients with advanced cardiomyopathies. Circ Res. 2011;108:857-861.
40. Olson EN. Gene regulatory networks in the evolution and development of the heart. Science. 2006;313:1922-1927. (Pubitemid 44497993)
41. McKinney-Freeman SL, Jackson KA, Camargo FD, et al. Muscle-derived hematopoietic stem cells are hematopoietic in origin. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2002;99:1341-1346. (Pubitemid 34136495)
42. Matsuura K, Nagai T, Nishigaki N, et al. Adult cardiac Sca-1-positive cells differentiate into beating cardiomyocytes. J Biol Chem. 2004;279:11384-11391. (Pubitemid 38401637)
43. Matsuura K, Honda A, Nagai T, et al. Transplantation of cardiac progenitor cells ameliorates cardiac dysfunction after myocardial infarction in mice. J Clin Invest. 2009;119:2204-2217.
44. Wang X, Hu Q, Nakamura Y, et al. The role of the sca-1+/CD31- cardiac progenitor cell population in postinfarction left ventricular remodeling. Stem Cells. 2006;24:1779-1788. (Pubitemid 44474191)
45. Mukaddam-Daher S, Jankowski M, Wang D, et al. Regulation of cardiac oxytocin system and natriuretic peptide during rat gestation and postpartum. J Endocrinol. 2002;175:211-216. (Pubitemid 35276599)
46. Orlic D, Hill JM, Arai AE. Stem cells for myocardial regeneration. Circ Res. 2002;91:1092-1102. (Pubitemid 36076357)
47. Pfister O, Mouquet F, Jain M, et al. CD31- but Not CD31+ cardiac side population cells exhibit functional cardiomyogenic differentiation. Circ Res. 2005;97:52-61. (Pubitemid 40982322)
48. Oyama T, Nagai T, Wada H, et al. Cardiac side population cells have a potential to migrate and differentiate into cardiomyocytes in vitro and in vivo. J Cell Biol. 2007;176:329-341. (Pubitemid 46184884)
49. Messina E, De Angelis L, Frati G, et al. Isolation and expansion of adult cardiac stem cells from human and murine heart. Circ Res. 2004;95:911-921. (Pubitemid 39435006)
50. Li TS, Cheng K, Malliaras K, et al. Direct comparison of different stem cell types and subpopulations reveals superior paracrine potency and myocardial repair efficacy with cardiosphere-derived cells. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012;59:942-953.
51. Ye, J, Boyle A, Shih H, et al: Sca-1+ cardiosphere-derived cells are enriched fro Isl1-expressing cardiac precursors and improve cardiac function after myocardial injury. PloS ONE. 2012;7:1-15
52. Bu L, Jiang X, Martin-Puig S, et al. Human ISL1 heart progenitors generate diverse multipotent cardiovascular cell lineages. Nature. 2009;460: 113-117.
53. Laugwitz KL, Moretti A, Lam J, et al. Postnatal isl1+ cardioblasts enter fully differentiated cardiomyocyte lineages. Nature. 2005;433:647-653. (Pubitemid 40282999)
54. Tang YL, Zhu W, Cheng M, et al. Hypoxic preconditioning enhances the benefit of cardiac progenitor cell therapy for treatment of myocardial infarction by inducing CXCR4 expression. Circ Res. 2009;104:1209-1216.
55. Chimenti I, Smith RR, Li TS, et al. Relative roles of direct regeneration versus paracrine effects of human cardiosphere-derived cells transplanted into infarcted mice. Circ Res. 2010;106:971-980.
56. Smith RR, Barile L, Cho HC, et al. Regenerative potential of cardiospherederived cells expanded from percutaneous endomyocardial biopsy specimens. Circulation. 2007;115:896-908. (Pubitemid 46294730)
57. Davis DR, Kizana E, Terrovitis J, et al. Isolation and expansion of functionally- competent cardiac progenitor cells directly from heart biopsies. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2010;49:312-321.
58. Pouly J, Bruneval P, Mandet C, et al. Cardiac stem cells in the real world. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2008;135:673-678. (Pubitemid 351343809)
59. Dawn B, Stein AB, Urbanek K, et al. Cardiac stem cells delivered intravascularly traverse the vessel barrier, regenerate infarcted myocardium, and improve cardiac function. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2005;102:3766-3771. (Pubitemid 40354686)
60. Tang XL, Rokosh G, Sanganalmath SK, et al. Intracoronary administration of cardiac progenitor cells alleviates left ventricular dysfunction in rats with a 30-day-old infarction. Circulation. 2010;121:293-305.
61. Bolli R, Chugh AR, D'Amario D, et al. Cardiac stem cells in patients with ischaemic cardiomyopathy (SCIPIO): initial results of a randomised phase 1 trial. Lancet. 2011;378:1847-1857.
62. Chugh AR, Beache GM, Loughran JH, et al. Administration of cardiac stem cells in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy: the SCIPIO trial: surgical aspects and interim analysis of myocardial function and viability by magnetic resonance. Circulation. 2012;126(11 suppl 1):S54-S64.
63. Makkar RR, Smith RR, Cheng K, et al. Intracoronary cardiosphere-derived cells for heart regeneration after myocardial infarction (CADUCEUS): a prospective, randomised phase 1 trial. Lancet. 2012;379:895-904.
64. Bolli R, Chugh A, D'Amario D, et al: Effect of cardiac stem cells in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy: interim results of the SCIPIO trial up to 2 years after therapy. Circulation 2012;126:2784 abst.
65. Johnston PV, Sasano T, Mills K, et al. Engraftment, differentiation, and functional benefits of autologous cardiosphere-derived cells in porcine ischemic cardiomyopathy. Circulation. 2009;120:1075-1083.
66. Linke A, Müller P, Nurzynska D, et al. Stem cells in the dog heart are self-renewing, clonogenic, and multipotent and regenerate infarcted myocardium, improving cardiac function. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2005;102: 8966-8971. (Pubitemid 40881062)
67. Tillmanns J, Rota M, Hosoda T, et al. Formation of large coronary arteries by cardiac progenitor cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2008;105:1668-1673. (Pubitemid 351346572)
68. Bray SJ. Notch signalling: a simple pathway becomes complex. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2006;7:678-689. (Pubitemid 44268213)
69. Boni A, Urbanek K, Nascimbene A, et al. Notch1 regulates the fate of cardiac progenitor cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2008;105:15529-15534.
70. Koyanagi M, Bushoven P, Iwasaki M, et al. Notch signaling contributes to the expression of cardiac markers in human circulating progenitor cells. Circ Res. 2007;101:1139-1145. (Pubitemid 350146440)
71. Rota M, Padin-Iruegas ME, Misao Y, et al. Local activation or implantation of cardiac progenitor cells rescues scarred infarcted myocardium improving cardiac function. Circ Res. 2008;103:107-116.
72. Askari AT, Unzek S, Popovic ZB, et al. Effect of stromal-cell-derived factor 1 on stem-cell homing and tissue regeneration in ischaemic cardiomyopathy. Lancet. 2003;362:697-703. (Pubitemid 37101067)
73. Heissig B, Hattori K, Dias S, et al. Recruitment of stem and progenitor cells from the bone marrow niche requires MMP-9 mediated release of kit-ligand. Cell. 2002;109:625-637. (Pubitemid 34628725)
74. Urbanek K, Rota M, Cascapera S, et al. Cardiac stem cells possess growth factor-receptor systems that after activation regenerate the infarcted myocardium, improving ventricular function and long-term survival. Circ Res. 2005;97:663-673. (Pubitemid 41416335)
75. Padin-Iruegas ME, Misao Y, Davis ME, et al. Cardiac progenitor cells and biotinylated insulin-like growth factor-1 nanofibers improve endogenous and exogenous myocardial regeneration after infarction. Circulation. 2009;120:876-887.
76. Vasan RS, Sullivan LM, D'Agostino RB, et al. Serum insulin-like growth factor I and risk for heart failure in elderly individuals without a previous myocardial infarction: the Framingham Heart Study. Ann Intern Med. 2003;139:642-648.
77. Vecchione C, Colella S, Fratta L, et al. Impaired insulin-like growth factor I vasorelaxant effects in hypertension. Hypertension. 2001;37:1480-1485. (Pubitemid 34225395)
78. D'Amario D, Cabral-Da-Silva MC, Zheng H, et al. Insulin-like growth factor- 1 receptor identifies a pool of human cardiac stem cells with superior therapeutic potential for myocardial regeneration. Circ Res. 2011;108:1467-1481.
79. Vial C, Owen P, Opie LH, et al. Significance of release of adenosine triphosphate and adenosine induced by hypoxia or adrenaline in perfused rat heart. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 1987;19:187-197. (Pubitemid 17036249)
80. Gonzalez A, Rota M, Nurzynska D, et al. Activation of cardiac progenitor cells reverses the failing heart senescent phenotype and prolongs lifespan. Circ Res. 2008;102:597-606. (Pubitemid 351416761)
81. Torella D, Rota M, Nurzynska D, et al. Cardiac stem cell and myocyte aging, heart failure, and insulin-like growth factor-1 overexpression. Circ Res. 2004;94:514-524. (Pubitemid 38326287)
82. Davis ME, Hsieh PC, Takahashi T, et al. Local myocardial insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) delivery with biotinylated peptide nanofibers improves cell therapy for myocardial infarction. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2006;103:8155-8160. (Pubitemid 43801068)
83. Hosoda T, Zheng H, Cabral-da-Silva M, et al. Human cardiac stem cell differentiation is regulated by a mircrine mechanism. Circulation. 2011;123:1287-1296.
84. Lai EC. Micro RNAs are complementary to 3' UTR sequence motifs that mediate negative post-transcriptional regulation. Nat Genet. 2002;30:363-364.
85. Rangappa S, Entwistle JW, Wechsler AS, et al. Cardiomyocyte-mediated contact programs human mesenchymal stem cells to express cardiogenic phenotype. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2003;126:124-132. (Pubitemid 36909949)
86. Hu S, Huang M, Nguyen PK, et al. Novel microRNA prosurvival cocktail for improving engraftment and function of cardiac progenitor cell transplantation. Circulation. 2011;124(suppl 11):S27-S34.
87. Orlic D, Kajstura J, Chimenti S, et al. Bone marrow cells regenerate infarcted myocardium. Nature. 2001;410:701-705. (Pubitemid 32290358)
88. Dawn B, Tiwari S, Kucia MJ, et al. Transplantation of bone marrowderived very small embryonic-like stem cells attenuates left ventricular dysfunction and remodeling after myocardial infarction. Stem Cells. 2008;26:1646-1655.
89. Nygren JM, Jovinge S, Breitbach M, et al. Bone marrow-derived hematopoietic cells generate cardiomyocytes at a low frequency through cell fusion, but not transdifferentiation. Nat Med. 2004;10:494-501. (Pubitemid 38667908)
90. Kamihata H, Matsubara H, Nishiue T, et al. Implantation of bone marrow mononuclear cells into ischemic myocardium enhances collateral perfusion and regional function via side supply of angioblasts, angiogenic ligands, and cytokines. Circulation. 2001;104:1046-1052. (Pubitemid 32803883)
91. Kinnaird T, Stabile E, Burnett MS, et al. Local delivery of marrow-derived stromal cells augments collateral perfusion through paracrine mechanisms. Circulation. 2004;109:1543-1549. (Pubitemid 38420184)
92. Gnecchi M, Zhang Z, Ni A, et al. Paracrine mechanisms in adult stem cell signaling and therapy. Circ Res. 2008;103:1204-1219.
93. Kocher AA, Schuster MD, Szabolcs MJ, et al. Neovascularization of ischemic myocardium by human bone-marrow-derived angioblasts prevents cardiomyocyte apoptosis, reduces remodeling and improves cardiac function. Nat Med. 2001;7:430-436. (Pubitemid 32298545)
94. Hatzistergos KE, Quevedo H, Oskouei BN, et al. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells stimulate cardiac stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Circ Res. 2010;107:913-922.
95. Wollert KC, Meyer GP, Lotz J, et al. Intracoronary autologous bone-marrow cell transfer after myocardial infarction: the BOOST randomised controlled clinical trial. Lancet. 2004;364:141-148. (Pubitemid 38891685)
96. Schächinger V, Erbs S, Elsässer A, et al.; REPAIR-AMI Investigators. Intracoronary bone marrow-derived progenitor cells in acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 2006;355:1210-1221. (Pubitemid 44427445)
97. Yousef M, Schannwell CM, Köstering M, et al. The BALANCE Study: clinical benefit and long-term outcome after intracoronary autologous bone marrow cell transplantation in patients with acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;53:2262-2269.
98. Williams AR, Hatzistergos KE, Addicott B, et al: Enhanced effect of combining human cardiac stem cells and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to reduce infarct size and to restore cardiac function after myocardial infarction. Circulation 2013;127:213-23.
99. Leri A, Anversa P: Stem cells and myocardial regeneration. Cooperation wins over competition. Circulation 2013;127:165-68.
100. Abdel-Latif A, Bolli R, Tleyjeh IM, et al. Adult bone marrow-derived cells for cardiac repair: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Intern Med. 2007;167:989-997. (Pubitemid 46835786)
101. Lipinski MJ, Biondi-Zoccai GG, Abbate A, et al. Impact of intracoronary cell therapy on left ventricular function in the setting of acute myocardial infarction: a collaborative systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007;50:1761-1767. (Pubitemid 47600592)
102. Martin-Rendon E, Brunskill SJ, Hyde CJ, et al. Autologous bone marrow stem cells to treat acute myocardial infarction: a systematic review. Eur Heart J. 2008;29:1807-1818.
103. Stamm C, Kleine HD, Choi YH, et al. Intramyocardial delivery of CD133+ bone marrow cells and coronary artery bypass grafting for chronic ischemic heart disease: safety and efficacy studies. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2007;133:717-725.
104. Assmus B, Honold J, Schächinger V, et al. Transcoronary transplantation of progenitor cells after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 2006;355:1222-1232. (Pubitemid 44427446)
105. Balsam LB, Wagers AJ, Christensen JL, et al. Haematopoietic stem cells adopt mature haematopoietic fates in ischaemic myocardium. Nature. 2004;428:668-673. (Pubitemid 38524811)
106. Janssens S, Dubois C, Bogaert J, et al. Autologous bone marrow-derived stem-cell transfer in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: double-blind, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2006;367:113-121. (Pubitemid 43077127)
107. Hare JM, Fishman JE, Gerstenblith G, et al: Comparison of allogeneic vs autologous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells delivered by transendocardial injection in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy. The POSEIDON randomized trial. JAMA 2012;308:2369-79.
108. Takehara N, Ogata T, Nakata M, et al: The ALCADIA (Autologous Human Cardiac-Derived Stem Cell to Treat Ischemic Cardiomyopathy) trial. Circulation 2012;126:2783 abstr.
109. Traverse JH, Henry TD, Pepine CJ, et al: for the Cardiovascular Cell Therapy Research Network (CCTRN): Effect of the use and timing of bone marrow mono-nuclear cell delivery on left ventricular function after acute myocardial infarction. The TIME Randomized trial. JAMA 2012;308:2380-89.
110. Marbán E, Malliaras K: Mixed results for bone marrow-derived cell therapy for ischemic heart disease. JAMA 2012;308:2405-06. editorial
111. Friedewald VE, Hare JM, Miller LW, et al: The Editor's Roundtable: Advances in stem cell therapy for treatment of cardiovascular disease. Am J Cardiol 2012;110:807-16.
112. Wu SM, Singh J: Putting the pieces together. Stem cells and the quest to heal a broken heart. Cardiosource Worldnews, December 2012:23-27.