Mini-review: Inhibition of biofouling by marine microorganisms

Biofouling

Volumn 29, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 423-441

  Dobretsov, Sergey ^a   Abed, Raeid M M ^a   Teplitski, Max ^b  

^a SULTAN QABOOS UNIVERSITY   (Oman)

^b UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA   (United States)

Author keywords

antifouling defence; biofilm; biofouling; inhibition; larval settlement; marine microorganism

Indexed keywords

ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; BIOLOGICAL PRODUCT; DISINFECTANT AGENT;

BIOACTIVITY; BIOFOULING; ENZYME ACTIVITY; GROWTH RATE; MARINE ECOSYSTEM; MICROORGANISM; SEAWATER;

ANIMAL; AQUATIC SPECIES; BARNACLE; BIOFILM; BIOFOULING; CELL ADHESION; CHEMISTRY; CYANOBACTERIUM; DRUG EFFECT; FUNGUS; ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION; LARVA; PHYSIOLOGY; REVIEW; SYMBIOSIS;

ANIMALS; ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS; AQUATIC ORGANISMS; BIOFILMS; BIOFOULING; BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS; CELL ADHESION; CYANOBACTERIA; DISINFECTANTS; FUNGI; LARVA; SYMBIOSIS; THORACICA;

ALGAE; BACILLARIOPHYTA; BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); CYANOBACTERIA; FUNGI; INVERTEBRATA; PROTOZOA;

EID: 84876308029     PISSN: 08927014     EISSN: 10292454     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2013.776042     Document Type: Review

References (149)

1. Abdelmohsen, UR, Pimentel-Elardo, SM, Hanora, A, Radwan, M, Abou-El-Ela, SH, Ahmed, S and Hentschel, U. 2010. Isolation, phylogenetic analysis and anti-infective activity screening of marine sponge-associated actinomycetes. Mar Drug, 8: 399-412.
2. Abed, RMM, Dobretsov, S, AL-Kharusi, S, Jupp, B and Golubic, S. 2011. Microscopic diversity and bioactivity of an inland extremely hypersaline cyanobacterial mats from a desert stream in the Sultanate of Oman. Fottea, 11: 215-224.
3. Abed, RMM, Dobretsov, S and Sudesh, K. 2009. Applications of cyanobacteria in biotechnology. J Appl Microbiol, 106: 1-12.
4. Alagely, A, Krediet, CJ, Ritchie, KB and Teplitski, M. 2011. Signaling-mediated cross-talk modulates swarming and biofilm formation in a coral pathogen Serratia marcescens. ISME J, 5: 1609-1620.
5. Alfaro, AC, Young, T and Ganesan, AM. 2011. Regulatory effects of mussel (Aulacomya maoriana Iredale 1915) larval settlement by neuroactive compounds, amino acids and bacterial biofilms. Aquaculture, 322-323: 158-168.
6. Augustine, N, Kumar, P and Thomas, S. 2010. Inhibition of Vibrio cholerae biofilm by AiiA enzyme produced from Bacillus spp. Arch Microbiol, 192: 1019-1022.
7. Bernbom, N, Ng, YY, Kjelleberg, S, Harder, T and Gram, L. 2011. Marine bacteria from Danish coastal waters show antifouling activity against the marine fouling bacterium Pseudolateromonas sp. strain S91 and zoospores of the green alga Ulva australis independent of bacteriocidal activity. Appl Environ Microbiol, 77: 8557-8567.
8. Bhattarai, HD, Ganti, VS, Paudel, B, Lee, YK, Lee, HK, Hong, YK and Shin, HW. 2007. Isolation of antifouling compounds from the marine bacterium, Shewanella oneidensis SCH0402. World J Microb Biotech, 23: 243-249.
9. Biondi, N, Tredici, MR, Taton, A, Wilmotte, A, Hodgson, DA, Losi, D and Marinelli, F. 2008. Cyanobacteria from benthic mats of Antarctic lakes as a source of new bioactivities. J Appl Phycol, 105: 105-115.
10. Briand, JF, Djeridi, I, Jamet, D, Coupé, S, Bressy, C, Molmeret, M, Le Berre, B, Rimet, F, Bouchez, A and Blache, Y. 2012. Pioneer marine biofilms on artificial surfaces including antifouling coatings immersed in two contrasting French Mediterranean coast sites. Biofouling, 28: 453-463.
11. Brown, GD, Wong, H-F, Hutchinson, N, Lee, S-C, Chan, BKK and Williams, GA. 2004. Chemistry and biology of maculalactone A from the marine cyanobacterium Kyrtuthrix maculans. Phytochem Rev, 3: 381-400.
12. Bruhn, JB, Gram, L and Belas, R. 2007. Production of antibacterial compounds and biofilm formation by Roseobacter species are influenced by culture conditions. Appl Environ Microbiol, 73: 442-450.
13. Burja, AM, Banaigs, B, Abou-Mansour, E, Burgess, JG and Wright, PC. 2001. Marine cyanobacteria-a prolific source of natural products. Tetrahedron, 57: 9347-9377.
14. Caicedo, NH, Heyduck-Soller, B, Fischer, U and Thoming, J. 2011. Bioproduction of antimicrobial compounds by using marine filamentous cyanobacterium cultivation. J Appl Phycol, 23: 811-818.
15. Cao, YA, He, SX, Zhou, ZG, Zhang, MC, Mao, W, Zhang, HT and Yao, B. 2012. Orally administered thermostable N-Acyl homoserine lactonase from Bacillus sp. strain AI96 attenuates Aeromonas hydrophila infection in zebrafish. Appl Environ Microbiol, 78: 1899-1908.
16. Cassé, F and Swain, GW. 2006. The development of microfouling on four commercial antifouling coatings under static and dynamic immersion. Int Biodeterior Biodegr, 57: 179-185.
17. Chen, YH, Kuo, J, Sung, PJ, Chang, YC, Lu, MC, Wong, TY, Liu, JK, Weng, CF, Twan, WH and Kuo, FW. 2012. Isolation of marine bacteria with antimicrobial activities from cultured and field-collected soft corals. World J MicrobiolBiotech, 28: 3269-3279.
18. Cho, JY. 2012. Antifouling steroids isolated from red alga epiphyte filamentous bacterium Leucothrix mucor. Fish Sci, 78: 683-689.
19. Dahms, H-U, Xu, Y and Pfeiffer, C. 2006. Antifouling potential of cyanobacteria: a mini-review. Biofouling, 22: 317-327.
20. Dash, S, Jin, C, Lee, OO, Xu, Y and Qian, PY. 2009. Antibacterial and antilarval-settlement potential and metabolite profiles of novel sponge-associated marine bacteria. J Ind Microb Biotechnol, 36: 1047-1056.
21. Dash, S, Nogata, Y, Zhou, X, Zhang, Y, Xu, Y, Guo, X, Zhang, X and Qian, PY. 2011. Poly-ethers from Winogradskyella poriferorum: antifouling potential, time-course study of production and natural abundance. Bioresour Technol, 102: 7532-7537.
22. De Carvalho, MP and Abraham, WR. 2012. Antimicrobial and biofilm inhibiting diketopiperazines. Curr Med Chem, 19: 3564-3577.
23. Devi, P, Wahidullah, S, Rodrigues, C and Souza, LD. 2010. The sponge-associated bacterium Bacillus licheniformis SAB1: a source of antimicrobial compounds. Mar Drugs, 8: 1203-1212.
24. Dheilly, A, Soum-Soutera, E, Klein, GL, Bazire, A, Compere, C, Haras, D and Dufour, A. 2010. Antibiofilm activity of the marine bacterium Pseudolateromonas strains 3J6. Appl Environ Microbiol, 76: 3452-3461.
25. Dobretsov, S. 2010. " Marine Biofilms ". In Biofouling, Edited by: Dürr, S and Thomason, J. 123-136. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
26. Dobretsov, S, Abed, RMM, Al Maskari, SMS, Al Sabahi, JN and Victor, R. 2011. Cyanobacterial mats from hot springs produce antimicrobial compounds and quorum sensing inhibitors under natural conditions. J Appl Phycol, 23: 983-993.
27. Dobretsov, S, Dahms, HU and Qian, PY. 2006. Inhibition of biofouling by marine microorganisms and their metabolites. Biofouling, 22: 43-54.
28. Dobretsov, S, Teplitski, M, Alagely, A, Gunasekera, SP and Paul, VJ. 2010. Malyngolide from the cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula interferes with quorum sensing circuitry. Environ MicrobiolRep, 2: 739-744.
29. Dobretsov, S, Teplitski, M, Bayer, M, Gunasekera, S, Proksch, P and Paul, VJ. 2011. Inhibition of marine biofouling by bacterial quorum sensing inhibitors. Biofouling, 27: 893-905.
30. Dobretsov, S, Teplitski, M and Paul, V. 2009. Mini-review: quorum sensing in the marine environment and its relationship to biofouling. Biofouling, 25: 413-427.
31. Dobretsov, S and Thomason, J. 2011. The development of marine biofilms on two commercial non-biocidal coatings: a comparison between silicone and fluoropolymer technologies. Biofouling, 27: 869-880.
32. Dobretsov, S, Xiong, H, Xu, Y, Levin, LA and Qian, PY. 2007. Novel antifoulants: inhibition of larval attachment by proteases. Mar Biotech, 9: 388-397.
33. Dong, YH, Wang, LH, Xu, JL, Zhang, HB, Zhang, XF and Zhang, LH. 2001. Quenching quorum-sensing-dependent bacterial infection by an N-acyl homoserine lactonase. Nature, 411: 813-817.
34. Dong, YH, Xu, JL, Li, XZ and Zhang, LH. 2000. AiiA, an enzyme that inactivates the acylhomoserine lactone quorum-sensing signal and attenuates the virulence of Erwinia carotovora. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 97: 3526-3531.
35. Egan S, Hader T, Burke C, Steinberg P, Kjelleberg S, Thomas T. 2012. The seaweed holobiont: understanding seaweed-bacteria interactions. FEMS Microb Rev. doi: 10.1111/1574-6976.12011. Available from:http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1574-6976.12011/suppinfo
36. Egan, S, James, S and Kjelleberg, S. 2002. Identification and characterization of a putative transcriptional regulator controlling the expression of fouling inhibitors in Pseudoalteromonas tunicata. Appl Environ Microbiol, 68: 372-378.
37. Egan, S, Thomas, T and Kjelleberg, S. 2008. Unlocking the diversity and biotechnological potential of marine surface associated microbial communities. Curr Opin Microbiol, 11: 219-225.
38. Fong, JC, Syed, KA, Klose, KE and Yildiz, FH. 2010. Role of Vibrio polysaccharide (vps) genes in VPS production, biofilm formation and Vibrio cholerae pathogenesis. Microbiol, 156: 2757-2769.
39. Fusetani, N. 2011. Antifouling marine natural products. Nat Prod Rep, 28: 400-410.
40. Gademann, K, Kobylinska, J, Wash, J-Y and Woods, TM. 2009. Surface modifications based on the cyanobacterial siderophore anachelin: from structure to functional biomaterials design. Biometals, 22: 595-604.
41. Gantar, M, Kaczmarsky, LT, Stanic, D, Miller, AW and Richardson, LL. 2011. Antibacterial activity of marine and black band disease cyanobacteria against coral-associated bacteria. Mar Drug, 9: 2089-2105.
42. Golberg, K, Eltzov, E, Shnit-Orland, M, Marks, RS and Kush-Maro, A. 2011. Characterization of quorum sensing signals in coral-associated bacteria. Microb Ecol, 61: 783-792.
43. Goldman, SJ, Lammers, PJ, Berman, MS and Sanders-Loehr, J. 1983. Siderophore-mediated iron uptake in different strains of Anabaena sp. J Bacteriol, 156: 1144-1150.
44. Gram, L, Melchiorsen, J and Bruhn, JB. 2010. Antibacterial activity of marine culturable bacteria collected from a global sampling of ocean surface waters and surface swabs of marine organisms. Mar Biotech, 12: 439-451.
45. Hadfield, M. 2010. Biofilms and marine invertebrate larvae: what bacteria produce that larvae use to choose settlement sites. Ann Rev Mar Sci, 3: 453-470.
46. Harder, T, Campbell, AH, Egan, S and Steinberg, PD. 2012. Chemical mediation of ternary interactions between marine holobionts and their environment as exemplified by the red alga Delisea pulchra. J Chem Ecol, 38: 442-450.
47. Hayashiga-Soiza, G, Uchida, A, Mori, N, Kuwahara, Y and Ishida, Y. 2008. Purification and characterization of antibacterial substances produced by a marine bacterium Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis strain. J Appl Microbiol, 105: 1672-1677.
48. He, F, Liu, Z, Yang, J, Fu, P, Peng, J, Zhu, W-M and Qi, SH. 2012. A novel antifouling alkaloid from halotolerant fungus Penicillium sp. OUCMDZ-776. TetrahedronLett, 53: 2280-2283.
49. Heindl, H, Wiese, J, Thiel, V and Imhoff, JF. 2010. Phylogenetic diversity and antimicrobial activities of bryozoan-associated bacteria isolated from Mediterranean and Baltic Sea habitats. Syst Appl Microb, 33: 94-104.
50. Holmström, C, Steinberg, P, Christov, V, Christie, G and Kjelleberg, S. 2000. Bacteria immobilised in gels: improved methodologies for antifouling and biocontrol applications. Biofouling, 15: 109-117.
51. Huang, JJ, Han, JI, Zhang, LH and Leadbetter, JR. 2003. Utilization of acyl-homoserine lactone quorum signals for growth by a soil pseudomonad and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. Appl Environ Microbiol, 69: 5941-5949.
52. Huang, YL, Ki, J-S, Lee, OO and Qian, P-Y. 2009. Evidence for the dynamics of Acyl homoserine lactone and AHL-producing bacteria during subtidal biofilm formation. ISME J, 3: 296-304.
53. Huang, YL, Li, M, Yu, ZL and Qian, PY. 2011. Correlation between pigmentation and larval settlement deterrence by Pseudoalteromonas sp. sf57. Biofouling, 27: 287-293.
54. Irie, Y and Parsek, MR. 2008. Quorum sensing and microbial biofilms. Curr Top MicrobiolImmunol, 322: 67-84.
55. Isnansetyo, A and Kamei, Y. 2009. Bioactive substances produced by marine isolates of Pseudomonas. J Ind MicrobiolBiotechnol, 36: 1239-1248.
56. Ito, Y and Butler, A. 2005. Structure of synechobactins, new siderophores of the marine cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002. Limnol Oceanogr, 50: 1918-1923.
57. Ito, Y, Ishida, K, Okada, S and Murakami, M. 2004. The absolute stereochemistry of anachelins, siderophores from the cyanobacterium Anabaena cylindrica. Tetrahedron, 60: 9075-9080.
58. Jaki, B, Orjala, J, Heilmann, J, Linden, A, Vogler, B and Sticher, O. 2000. Novel extracellular diterpenoids with biological activity from the cyanobacterium Nostoc commune. J Nat Prod, 63: 339-343.
59. James, G, Holmström, C and Kjelleberg, S. 1996. Purification and characterization of a novel antibacterial protein from the marine bacterium D2. Appl Environ Microbiol, 62: 2783-2783.
60. Jebasingh, SEJ and Murugan, A. 2011. Antagonistic activity of the barnacle (Balanus amphitrite) associated bacteria against human bacterial pathogens. World J Med Sci, 6: 36-41.
61. Kalpana, BJ, Aarthy, S and Pandian, SK. 2012. Antibiofilm activity of alpha-amylase from Bacillus subtilis S8-18 against biofilm forming human bacterial pathogens. Appl Biochem Biotechnol, 167: 1778-1794.
62. Kanagasabhapathy, M and Nagata, S. 2008. Cross-species induction of antibacterial activity produced by epibiotic bacteria isolated from Indian marine sponge Pseudoceratina purpurea. World J Microb Biotechnol, 24: 687-691.
63. Kaplan, JB. 2009. Therapeutic potential of biofilm-dispersing enzymes. Int J Artif Organs, 32: 545-554.
64. Kaushik, P, Garima, CA and Goyal, P. 2009. Screening of Lyngbya majuscula for potential antibacterial activity and HPTLC analysis of active methanolic extract. J Pure Appl Microbiol, 3: 169-174.
65. Kennedy, J, Baker, P, Piper, C, Cotter, PD, Walsh, M, Mooij, MJ, Bourke, MB, Rea, MC, O'Connor, PM Ross, RP. 2009. Isolation and analysis of bacteria with antimicrobial activities from the marine sponge Haliclona simulans collected from Irish waters. Mar Biotechnol, 11: 384-396.
66. Kim, M, Park, JM, Um, HJ, Lee, KH, Kim, H, Min, J and Kim, YH. 2011. The antifouling potentiality of galactosamine characterized from Vibrio vulnificus exopolysaccharide. Biofouling., 27: 851-857.
67. Krediet, CJ, Ritchie, KB and Teplitski, M. 2009. Catabolite regulation of enzymatic activities in a white pox pathogen and commensal bacteria during growth on mucus polymers from the coral Acropora palmata. Dis Aquatic Org, 87: 57-66.
68. Kumar, V, Rao, D, Thomas, T, Kjelleberg, S and Egan, S. 2011. Antidiatom and antibacterial activity of epiphytic bacteria isolated from Ulva lactuca in tropical waters. World J MicrobiolBiotech, 27: 1543-1549.
69. Kwan, JC, Meickle, T, Ladwa, D, Teplitski, M, Paul, V and Luesch, H. 2011. Lyngbyoic acid, a "tagged" fatty acid from a marine cyanobacterium, disrupts quorum sensing in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Mol Biosystems, 7: 1205-1216.
70. Kwong, TF, Miao, L, Li, X and Qian, PY. 2006. Novel antifouling and antimicrobial compound from a marine-derived fungus Ampelomyces sp. Mar Biotechnol, 8: 634-640.
71. Landousli, J, Cooksey, KE and Dupres, V. 2011. Review-interactions between diatoms and stainless steel: focus on biofouling and biocorrosion. Biofouling, 27: 1105-1124.
72. Lewandowski, Z. 2000. " Structure and function of biofilms ". In Biofilms: recent advances in their study and control, Edited by: Evans, LV. 1-17. Amsterdam: Harwood Academic.
73. Li, D, Xu, Y, Shao, CL, Yang, RY, Zheng, CJ, Chen, YY, Fu, XM, Qian, PY, She, ZG, de Voogd, NJ and Wang, CY. 2012. Antibacterial bisabolane-type sesquiterpenoids from the sponge-derived fungus Aspergillus sp. Mar Drugs, 10: 234-241.
74. Li, X, Dobretsov, S, Xu, Y, Xiao, X, Hung, OS and Qian, P-Y. 2006. Antifouling diketopiperazines produced by a deep-sea bacterium, Streptomyces fungicidicus. Biofouling, 22: 201-208.
75. Ma, YX, Liu, PL, Zhang, YS, Cao, SM, Li, DT and Chen, W. 2010. Inhibition of spore germination of Ulva pertusa by the marine bacterium Pseudolateromonas haloplanktis CI4. Acta Oceanol Sinica, 29: 69-78.
76. Manefield, M, de Nys, R, Kumar, N, Read, R, Givskov, M, Steinberg, P and Kjelleberg, S. 1999. Evidence that halogenated furanones from Delisea pulchra inhibit acylated homoserine lactone (AHL)-mediated gene expression by displacing the AHL signal from its receptor protein. Microbiol, 145: 283-291.
77. Mangano, S, Michaud, L, Caruso, C, Brilli, M, Bruni, V, Fani, R and Lo, GA. 2009. Antagonistic interactions between psychrotrophic cultivable bacteria isolated from Antarctic sponges: a preliminary analysis. Res Microbiol, 160: 27-37.
78. Martins, RF, Ramos, MF, Herfindal, L, Sousa, JA, Skærven, K and Vasconcelos, VM. 2008. Antimicrobial and cytotoxic assessment of marine cyanobacteria-Synechocystis and Synechococcus. Mar Drugs, 6: 1-11.
79. Matz, C, Webb, JS, Schupp, PJ, Phang, SY, Penesyan, A, Egan, S, Steinberg, P and Kjelleberg, S. 2008. Marine biofilm bacteria evade eukaryotic predation by targeted chemical defense. PLoS ONE, 3: e2744
80. Melde B, Markowitz MA, inventors; Naval Research Laboratory, assignee. 2012. Composite for controlled release of small molecules in aquatic environments. United States patent US 20130011459.
81. Mieszkin, S, Tanchereau, P, Callow, ME and Callow, JA. 2012. Effect of bacterial biofilms formed on fouling-release coatings from natural seawater and Cobetia marina, on the adhesion of two marine alga. Biofouling, 28: 953-968.
82. Molino, PJ, Childs, S, Eason Hubbard, MR, Carey, JM, Burgman, MA and Wetherbee, R. 2009. Development of the primary bacterial microfouling layer on antifouling and fouling release coatings in temperate and tropical environments in Eastern Australia. Biofouling, 25: 149-162.
83. Montaser, R, Paul, VJ and Luesch, H. 2011. Pitipeptolides C-F, antimycobacterial cyclodepsipeptides from the marine cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula from Guam. Phytochemistry, 72: 2068-2074.
84. Mueller, RS, Beyhan, S, Saini, SG, Yildiz, FH and Bartlett, DH. 2009. Indole acts as an extracellular cue regulating gene expression in Vibrio cholerae. J Bacteriol, 191: 3504-3516.
85. Muscholl-Silberhorn, A, Thiel, V and Imhoff, JF. 2008. Abundance and bioactivity of cultured sponge-associated bacteria from the Mediterranean Sea. Microb Ecol, 55: 94-106.
86. Nasrolahi, A, Stratil, SB, Jacob, KJ and Wahl, M. 2012. A protective coat of microbes on macroalgae: inhibitory effects of bacterial biofilms and epibiotic microbial assemblages on barnacle attachment. FEMS MicrobiolEcol, 81: 583-595.
87. Nijland, R, Hall, MJ and Burgess, JG. 2010. Dispersal of biofilms by secreted, matrix degrading, bacterial DNAse. PLoS ONE, 5: e15668
88. Nithya, C, Devi, MG and Pandian, KS. 2011. A novel compound from the marine bacterium Bacillus pumilus S6-15 inhibits biofilm formation in Gram-positive and Gram-negative species. Biofouling, 27: 519-528.
89. Oh, HS, Yeon, KM, Yang, CS, Kim, SR, Lee, CH, Park, SY, Han, JY and Lee, JK. 2012. Control of membrane biofouling in MBR for wastewater treatment by quorum quenching bacteria encapsulated in microporous membrane. Environ Sci Tech, 46: 4877-4884.
90. Ortega-Morales, BO, Chan-Bacab, MJ, Mirnada-Tello, E, Fardeau, ML, Carrero, JC and Stein, T. 2008. Antifouling activity of sessile bacilli derived from marine surfaces. J Industr Microb Biotech, 35: 9-15.
91. Paul, VJ and Ritson-Williams, R. 2008. Marine chemical ecology. Nat Prod Rep, 25: 662-695.
92. Paul, VJ, Ritson-Williams, R and Sharp, K. 2011. Marine chemical ecology in benthic environments. Nat Prod Rep, 28: 345-387.
93. Penesyan, A, Kjelleberg, S and Egan, S. 2010. Development of novel drugs from marine surface associated microorganisms. Mar Drugs, 8: 438-459.
94. Penesyan, A, Marshall-Jones, Z, Holmström, C, Kjelleberg, S and Egan, S. 2009. Antimicrobial activity observed among cultured epiphytic bacteria reflects their potential as source of new drugs. FEMS MicrobiolEcol, 69: 113-124.
95. Penesyan, A, Tebben, J, Lee, M, Thomas, T, Kjelleberg, S, Harder, T and Egan, S. 2011. Identification of the antibacterial compound produced by the marine epiphytic bacterium Pseudovibrio sp. D323 and related sponge-associated bacteria. Mar Drugs, 9: 1391-1402.
96. Penez, N, Culioli, G, Perez, T, Briand, JF, Thomas, OP and Blache, Y. 2011. Antifouling properties of simple indole and purine alkaloids from the Mediterranean gorgonian Paramuricea clavata. J Nat Prod, 74: 2304-2308.
97. Pereira, AR, Etzbach, L, Engene, N, Muller, R and Gerwick, WH. 2011. Molluscicidal metabolites from an assemblage of Palmyra Atoll cyanobacteria. J Nat Prod, 74: 1175-1181.
98. Pereira, AR, Mccue, CF and Gerwick, WH. 2010. Cyanolide A, a glycosidic macrolide with potent molluscicidal activity from the Papua New Guinea. J Nat Prod, 73: 217-220.
99. Pulz, O and Gross, W. 2004. Valuable products from biotechnology of microalgae. Appl MicrobiolBiotechol, 65: 635-648.
100. Qi, SH, Xu, Y, Gao, J, Qian, P-Y and Zhang, S. 2009. Antibacterial and antilarval compounds from marine bacterium Pseudomonas rhizosphaerae. Annal Microb, 59: 229-233.
101. Qi, SH, Xu, Y, Xiong, HR, Qian, PY and Zhang, S. 2009. Antifouling and antibacterial compounds from a marine fungus Cladosporium sp. F14. World J Microb Biotech, 25: 399-406.
102. Qian, P-Y, Lau, SCK, Dahms, H-U, Dobretsov, S and Harder, T. 2007. Marine biofilm as mediator of colonization by marine macroorganisms: implications for antifouling and aquaculture. Mar Biotech, 9: 399-410.
103. Qian P-Y, Li X, Kwong FN, Yang LH, Dobretsov SV, inventors; St. Joseph' Children' Hospital, assignee. 2012 Feb 14. Use of marine fungus originated compounds as antifouling agents. United States patent US8114657.
104. Qian P-Y, Xu Y, Fusetani N. 2010. Natural products as antifouling compounds: recent progress and future perspectives. Biofouling.223-234.
105. Rajamani, S, Teplitski, M, Kumar, A, Krediet, CJ, Sayre, RT and Bauer, WD. 2011. N-acyl homoserine lactone lactonase, AiiA, inactivation of quorum-sensing agonists produced by Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Chlorophyta) and characterization of aiiA-transgenic algae. J Phycol, 47: 1219-1227.
106. Rao, D, Webb, JS, Holmström, C, Case, R, Low, A, Steinberg, P and Kjelleberg, S. 2007. Low densities of epiphytic bacteria from the marine alga Ulva australis inhibit settlement of fouling organisms. Appl Envir Microb, 73: 7844-7852.
107. Riemann, L and Azam, F. 2002. Widespread N-acetyl-D-glucosamine uptake among pelagic marine bacteria and its ecological implications. Appl Environ Microbiol, 68: 5554-5562.
108. Ritchie, KB. 2006. Regulation of microbial populations by coral surface mucus and mucus-associated bacteria. Mar Ecol Prog Ser, 322: 1-14.
109. Romero, M, Diggle, SP, Heeb, S, Camara, M and Otero, A. 2008. Quorum sensing activity in Anabaena sp. PCC7120: identification of AiiC, a novel AHL-acylase. FEMS MicrobiolLett, 280: 73-80.
110. Santos, OC, Pontes, PV, Santos, JF, Muricy, G, Giambiagi-deMarval, M and Laport, MS. 2010. Isolation, characterization and phylogeny of sponge-associated bacteria with antimicrobial activities from Brazil. Res Microbiol, 161: 604-612.
111. Schultz, MP, Bendick, JA, Holm, ER and Hertel, WM. 2011. Economic impact of biofouling on a naval surface ship. Biofouling, 27: 87-98.
112. Seper, A, Fengler, VH, Roier, S, Wolinski, H, Kohlwein, SD, Bishop, AL, Camilli, A, Reidl, J and Schild, S. 2011. Extracellular nucleases and extracellular DNA play important roles in Vibrio cholerae biofilm formation. Mol Microbiol, 82: 1015-1037.
113. Shao, CL, Wang, CY, Wei, MY, Gu, YC, She, ZG, Qian, PY and Lin, YC. 2011a. Aspergilones A and B, two benzylazaphilones with an unprecented carbon skeleton from the gorgonian-derived Aspergillus sp. Bioorgan Med Chem Let, 21: 690-693.
114. Shao, CL, Wu, HX, Wang, CY, Liu, QA, Xu, Y, Wei, MY, Qian, PY, Gu, YC, Zheng, CJ, She, ZG and Lin, YC. 2011b. Potent antifouling resorcyclic acid lactones from the gorgonian-derived fungus Cochliobolus lunatus. J Nat Prod, 74: 629-633.
115. Shnit-Orland, M and Kushmaro, A. 2009. Coral mucus-associated bacteria: a possible first line of defense. FEMS MicrobiolEcol, 67: 371-380.
116. Silva-Aciares, F and Riquelme, C. 2008. Inhibition of attachment of some fouling diatoms and settlement of Ulva lactuca zoospores by film-forming bacterium and their extracellular products isolated from biofouled substrata in Northern Chile. Electron J Biotech, 11: 12
117. Stahl, LJ. 1995. Physiological ecology of cyanobacteria in microbial mats and other communities. New Phytol, 131: 1-32.
118. Steinberg, PD, Rice, SA, Campbell, AH, McDougald, D and Harder, T. 2011. Interfaces between bacterial and eukaryotic "neuroecology". Integr Comp Biol, 51: 794-806.
119. Tan, LT and Goh, BPL. 2009. Chemical ecology of marine cyanobacterial secondary metabolites: a minireview. J Coastal Dev, 13: 1-8.
120. Taylor, MW, Schupp, PJ, Baillie, HJ, Charlton, TS and de Nys, R. 2004. Evidence for acyl homoserine lactone signal production in bacteria associated with marine sponges. Appl Environ Microbiol, 70: 4387-4389.
121. Teplitski, M, Mathesius, U and Rumbaugh, KP. 2011. Perception and degradation of N-Acyl homoserine lactone quorum sensing signals by mammalian and plant cells. Chem Rev, 111: 100-116.
122. Thiyagarajan, V. 2010. A review on the role of chemical cues in habitat selection by barnacles: new insights from larval proteomics. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol, 392: 22-36.
123. Tinh, NTN, Dierckens, K, Sorgeloos, P and Bossier, P. 2008. A review of the functionality of probiotics in the larviculture food chain. Mar Biotechnol, 10: 1-12.
124. Tommonaro, G, Abbamondi, GR, Iodice, C, Tait, K and De Rosa, S. 2012. Diketopiperazines produced by the halophilic archaeon, Haloterrigena hispanica, activate AHL bioreporters. Microb Ecol, 63: 490-495.
125. Uroz, S, Chhabra, SR, Camara, M, Williams, P, Oger, P and Dessaux, Y. 2005. N-acylhomoserine lactone quorum-sensing molecules are modified and degraded by Rhodococcus erythropolis W2 by both amidolytic and novel oxidoreductase activities. Microbiol-Sgm, 151: 3313-3322.
126. Uroz, S, D'Angelo-Picard, C, Carlier, A, Elasri, M, Sicot, C, Petit, A, Oger, P, Faure, D and Dessaux, Y. 2003. Novel bacteria degrading N-acylhomoserine lactones and their use as quenchers of quorum-sensing-regulated functions of plant-pathogenic bacteria. Microbiol-Sgm, 149: 1981-1989.
127. Uroz, S, Oger, PM, Chapelle, E, Adeline, MT, Faure, D and Dessaux, Y. 2008. A Rhodococcus qsdA-encoded enzyme defines a novel class of large-spectrum quorum-quenching lactonases. Appl Environ Microbiol, 74: 1357-1366.
128. Videla, HA and Herrera, LK. 2005. Microbiologically influenced corrosion: looking to the future. Int Microbiol, 8: 169-180.
129. Volk, RB and Furkert, FH. 2006. Antialgal, antibacterial and antifungal activity of two metabolites produced and excreted by cyanobacteria during growth. MicrobiolRes, 161: 180-186.
130. Volk, RB, Girreser, U, Al-Refai, M and Laatsch, H. 2009. Bromoanaindolone, a novel antimicrobial exometabolite from the cyanobacterium Anabaena constricta. Nat Prod Res, 23: 607-612.
131. Vynne, NJ, Mansson, M, Nielsen, KF and Gram, L. 2011. Bioactivity, chemical profiling, and 16S rRNA-based phylogeny of Pseudoalteromonas strains collected on a global research cruise. Mar Biotechnol, 13: 1062-1073.
132. Wahl, M. 1989. Marine epibiosis. I. Fouling and antifouling: some basic aspects. Mar Ecol Progr Ser, 58: 175-189.
133. Wahl M, Goecke F, Labes A, Dobretsov S, Weinberger F. 2012. The second skin: ecological role of epibiotic biofilms on marine organisms. Front Microbiol292 (3), doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00292. Available from: http://www.frontiersin.org/Aquatic_Microbiology/10.3389/fmicb.2012.00292/abstract
134. Wang, YN, Shao, CL, Zheng, CJ, Chen, YY and Wang, CY. 2011. Diveristy and antibacterial activities of fungi derived from the gorgonian Echinogorgia rebekka from the South China Sea. Mar Drugs, 9: 1379-1390.
135. Waters, CM and Bassler, BL. 2005. Quorum sensing: cell-to-cell communication in bacteria. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol, 21: 319-346.
136. Webster, NS, Cobb, RE and Negri, AP. 2008. Temperature thresholds for bacterial symbiosis with a sponge. ISME J, 2: 830-842.
137. Wiese, J, Thiel, V, Nagel, K, Staufenberger, T and Imhoff, JF. 2009. Diversity of antibiotic-active bacteria associated with the brown alga Laminaria saccharina from the Baltic Sea. Mar Biotechnol, 11: 287-300.
138. Wilson, GS, Raftos, DA and Nair, SV. 2011. Antimicrobial activity of surface attached marine bacteria in biofilms. MicrobiolRes, 166: 437-448.
139. Xiong HR, Qi SH, Xu Y, Miao L, Qian PY. 2009. Antibiotic and antifouling compound production by the marine-derived fungus Cladosporium sp. F14 J Hydro-Envir Res. 2: 264-270.
140. Xu, Y, He, HP, Schulz, S, Liu, X, Fusetani, N, Xiong, HR, Xiao, X and Qian, PY. 2010. Potent antifouling compounds produced by marine Streptomyces. Bioresour Technol, 101: 1331-1336.
141. Xu, Y, Li, HL, Li, XC, Xian, X and Qian, PY. 2009. Inhibitory effects of a branched-chain fatty acid on larval settlement of the polychaete Hydroides elegans. Mar Biotech, 11: 495-504.
142. Yan, LM and Boyd, KG. 2002. Surface attachment induced production of antimicrobial compounds by marine epiphytic bacteria using modified roller bottle cultivation. Mar Biotechnol, 4: 356-366.
143. Yebra, DM, Kiil, S and Dam-Johansen, K. 2004. Antifouling technology- past, present and future steps towards efficient and environmentally friendly antifouling coatings. Prog Org Coating, 50: 75-10.
144. Yebra, DM, Kiil, S, Weinell, CE and Dam-Johansen, K. 2006. Presence and effects of marine microbial biofilms on biocide-based antifouling paints. Biofouling, 22: 33-41.
145. Yee, LH, Holmström, C, Fuary, ET, Lewin, NC, Kjelleberg, S and Steinberg, PD. 2007. Inhibition of fouling by marine bacteria immobilised in kappa-carrageenan beads. Biofouling, 23: 287-294.
146. Zardus, JD, Nedved, B, Huang, Y, Tran, C and Hadfield, MG. 2008. Microbial biofilms facilitate adhesion in biofouling invertebrates. Biol Bull, 214: 91-98.
147. Zargiel, KA, Coogan, JS and Swain, GW. 2011. Diatom community structure on commercially available ship hull coatings. Biofouling, 27: 955-963.
148. Zhang, XY, Bao, J, Wang, GH, He, F, Xu, XY and Qi, SH. 2012a. Phylogenetic survey and antimicrobial activity of culturable microorganisms associated with the South China Sea black coral Antipathes dichotoma. FEMS MicrobiolLett, 336: 122-130.
149. Zhang, XY, Bao, J, Wang, GH, He, F, Xu, XY and Qi, SH. 2012b. Diversity and antimicrobial activity of culturable fungi isolated from six species of the South China Sea gorgonians. Microb Ecol, 64: 617-627.