Perceived foreign accent in first language attrition and second language acquisition: The impact of age of acquisition and bilingualism

Applied Psycholinguistics

Volumn 34, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 361-394

  Hopp, Holger ^a   Schmid, Monika S ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MANNHEIM   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY OF GRONINGEN   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84876180119     PISSN: 01427164     EISSN: 14691817     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0142716411000737     Document Type: Article

References (96)

1. Abrahamsson, N., & Hyltenstam, K. (2008). The robustness of aptitude effects in near-native second language acquisition. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 30, 481-509.
2. Abrahamsson, N., & Hyltenstam, K. (2009). Age of onset and nativelikeness in a second language: Listener perception versus linguistic scrutiny. Language Learning, 59, 249-306.
3. Anderson-Hsieh, J., Johnson, R., & Koehler, K. (1992). The relationship between native speaker judgments of nonnative pronunciation and deviance in segmentals, prosody, and syllable structure. Language Learning, 42, 529-555.
4. Asher, J. J., & Garc?a, R. (1969). The optimal age to learn a foreign language. Modern Language Journal, 53, 334-341.
5. Au, T. K., Knightly, L. M., Jun, S. A., & Oh, J. S. (2002). Overhearing a language during childhood. Psychological Science, 13, 238-243.
6. Bialystok, E. (1997). The structure of age: In search of barriers to second language acquisition. Second Language Research, 13, 116-137.
7. Bialystok, E. (2001). Bilingualism in development: Language, literacy, & cognition. New York: Cambridge University Press.
8. Bialystok, E. (2009). Bilingualism: The good, the bad, and the indifferent. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 12, 3-11.
9. Birdsong, D. (1999). Introduction: Whys and why nots of the critical period hypothesis for second language acquisition. In D. Birdsong (Ed.), Second language acquisition and the critical period hypothesis. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
10. Birdsong, D. (2005). Interpreting age effects in second language acquisition. In J. F. Kroll & A. M. B. de Groot (Eds.), Handbook of bilingualism: Psycholinguistic approaches. New York: Oxford University Press.
11. Bongaerts, T. (1999). Ultimate attainment in L2 pronunciation: The case of very advanced L2 learners. In D. Birdsong (Ed.), Second language acquisition and the critical period hypothesis. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
12. Bongaerts, T., van Summeren, C., Planken, B., & Schils, E. (1997). Age and ultimate attainment in the pronunciation of a foreign language. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 19, 447-465.
13. Bot, K. de, & Clyne,M. (1994). A 16 year longitudinal study of language attrition in Dutch immigrants in Australia. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 15, 17-28.
14. Brennan, E. M., & Brennan, J. S. (1981). Accent scaling and language attitudes: Reactions to Mexican American English speech. Language and Speech, 24, 207-221.
15. Bylund, E., Abrahamsson, N., & Hyltenstam, K. (2010). The role of language aptitude in first language attrition: The case of pre-pubescent attriters. Applied Linguistics, 3, 433-464.
16. Caramazza, A., Yeni-Komshian, G., Zurif, E., & Carbone, E. (1973). The acquisition of a new phonological contrast: The case of stop consonants in French-English bilinguals. Journal of the Acoustic Society of America, 4, 421-428.
17. Carroll, J. B. (1981). Twenty-five years of research on foreign language aptitude. In K. C. Diller (Ed.), Individual differences and universals in language learning aptitude. Rowley, MA: Newbury House.
18. Cook, V. (2003). The changing L1 in the L2 user's mind. In V. Cook (Ed.), Effects of the second language on the first. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
19. Cutler, A., Mehler, J., Norris, D., & Segui, J. (1989). Limits on bilingualism. Nature, 340, 229-230.
20. DeKeyser, R. (2000). The robustness of critical period effects in second language acquisition. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 22, 499-533.
21. DeKeyser, R., & Larson-Hall, J. (2005). What does the critical period really mean? In J. F. Kroll & A. M. B. de Groot (Eds.), Handbook of bilingualism: Psycholinguistic approaches. NewYork: Oxford University Press.
22. de Leeuw, E. (2008). When your native language sounds foreign: A phonetic investigation into first language attrition. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh.
23. de Leeuw, E., Schmid, M. S., & Mennen, I. (2010). The effects of contact on native language pronunciation in a migrant context. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 13, 33-40.
24. Dornyei, Z., & Skehan, P. (2003). Individual differences in second language learning. In C. J. Doughty & M. H. Long (Eds.), The handbook of second language acquisition. Oxford: Blackwell.
25. Dussias, P. E. (2004). Parsing a first language like a second: The erosion of L1 parsing strategies in Spanish-English bilinguals. International Journal of Bilingualism, 8, 355-371.
26. El Aissati, A. (1997). Language loss among native speakers of Morroccan Arabic in The Netherlands. Tilburg: Tilburg University Press.
27. Elliott, A. R. (1995). Field independence/dependence, hemispheric specialization, and attitude in relation to pronunciation accuracy in Spanish as a foreign language. Modern Language Journal, 79, 356-371.
28. Flege, J. E. (1984). The detection of French accent by American listeners. Journal of Acoustical Society of America, 76, 692-707.
29. Flege, J. E. (1987). The production of "new" and "similar" phones in a foreign language: Evidence for the effect of equivalence classification. Journal of Phonetics, 15, 47-65.
30. Flege, J. E. (1999).Age of learning and second-language speech. InD.Birdsong (Ed.), Second language acquisition and the critical period hypothesis. Mahwah NJ: Erlbaum.
31. Flege, J. E. (2002). Interactions between the native and second-language phonetic systems. In P. Burmeister, T. Piske, & A. Rohde (Eds.), An integrated view of language development: Papers in honor of Henning Wode. Trier: Wissenschaftlicher Verlag.
32. Flege, J. E. (2009). Give input a chance! In T. Piske & M. Young-Scholten (Eds.), Input matters in SLA. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.
33. Flege, J. E., & Hillenbrand, J. (1984). Limits on phonetic accuracy in foreign language speech production. Journal of the Acoustic Society of America, 76, 708-721.
34. Flege, J. E., Birdsong, D., Bialystok, E.,Mack,M., Sung, H., & Tsukada, K. (2006). Degree of foreign accent in English sentences produced by Korean children and adults. Journal of Phonetics, 34, 153-175.
35. Flege, J. E., Bohn, O.-S., & Jang, S. (1997). Effects of experience on non-native speakers-Production and perception of English vowels. Journal of Phonetics, 25, 437-470.
36. Flege, J. E., & Fletcher, K. L. (1992). Talker and listener effects on degree of perceived foreign accent. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 9, 370-389.
37. Flege, J. E., & Liu, S. (2001). The effect of experience on adults' acquisition of a second language. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 23, 527-552.
38. Flege, J. E., Munro, M. J., & MacKay, I. R. A. (1995). Factors affecting strength of perceived foreign accent in a second language. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 97, 3125-3134.
39. Flege, J. E., Yeni-Komshian, G. H., & Liu, S. (1999). Age constraints on second-language acquisition. Journal of Memory and Language, 41, 78-104.
40. Foursha, C. D., Austin, J. B., & Van de Walle, G. (2005). Is language processing identical in monolinguals and early, balanced bilinguals? Paper presented at the Boston University Conference on Language Development. Retrieved from http://www.bu.edu/linguistics/BUCLD/
41. Fowler, C. A., Sramko, V., Ostry, D. J., Rowland, S. A., & Halle, P. (2008). Cross language phonetic influences on the speech of French-English bilinguals. Journal of Phonetics, 36, 649-663.
42. Giesbers, H. (1997). Dutch in Indonesia: Language attrition or language contact. In J. Klatter-Folmer & S. Kroon (Eds.), Dutch overseas: Studies in maintenance and loss of Dutch as an immigrant language. Tilburg: Tilburg University Press.
43. Grosjean, F. (1998). Studying bilinguals: Methodological and conceptual issues. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 1, 131-149.
44. Grosjean, F. (2001). The bilingual's language modes. In J. Nicol (Ed.), One mind, two languages: Bilingual language processing. Oxford: Blackwell.
45. Harley, B., & Hart, D. (1997). Language aptitude and second language proficiency in classroom learners of different starting ages. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 1, 379-400.
46. Hernandez, A. E., Bates, E. A., & Avila, L. X. (1994). On-line sentence interpretation in Spanish-English bilinguals: What does it mean to be "in-between"? Applied Psycholinguistics, 15, 417-446.
47. Hirvonen, P. A. (1995). Phonological and morphological aspects of Finnish language attrition in the United States. In W. Viereck (Ed.), Soziolinguistische Variation. Stuttgart: Steiner.
48. Hopp, H. (2007). Ultimate attainment at the interfaces in second language acquisition: Grammar and processing. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Groningen.
49. Hopp, H. (2010) Ultimate attainment in L2 inflectional morphology: Performance similarities between non-native and native speakers. Lingua, 120, 901-931.
50. Hyltenstam, K., & Abrahamsson, N. (2003). Who can become native-like in a second language? All, some or none? On the maturational constraint controversy in second language acquisition. Studia Linguistica, 54, 150-166.
51. Hyltenstam, K., Bylund, E., Abrahamsson, N., & Park, H.-S. (2009). Dominant language replacement; The case of international adoptees. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 12, 121-140.
52. Jesney, K. (2004). The use of global foreign accent rating in studies of L2 acquisition. Unpublished master's dissertation, University of Calgary, Language Research Centre.
53. Jia, G., Aaronson, D., & Wu, Y. (2002). Long-term language attainment of bilingual immigrants: Predictive variables and language groups differences. Applied Psycholinguistics, 23, 599-621.
54. Kopke, B., & Schmid, M. S. (2004). First language attrition: The next phase. In M. S. Schmid, B. Kopke, M. Keijzer, M. & L. Weilemar (Eds.), First language attrition: Interdisciplinary perspectives on methodological issues. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
55. Krashen, S. D., Long, M. A., & Scarcella, R. C. (1979). Age, rate and eventual attainment in second language acquisition. TESOL Quarterly, 13, 573-582.
56. Long, M. H. (1993). Second language acquisition as a function of age: Research findings and methodological issues. In K. Hyltenstam & A. Viberg (Eds.), Progression and regression in language. New York: Cambridge University Press.
57. Long, M. H. (1990). Maturational constraints on language development. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 12, 251-285.
58. MacKay, I. R. A., Flege, J. E., & Imai, S. (2006). Evaluating the effects of chronological age and sentence duration on degree of perceived foreign accent. Applied Psycholinguistics, 27, 157-183.
59. Major, R. C. (1992). Losing English as a first language. Modern Language Journal, 76, 190-208.
60. Mayr, R., Price, S., & Mennen, I. (2011). L1 attrition in the speech of Dutch-English bilinguals: The case of monozygotic twin sisters. Paper presented at the 8th International Symposium on Bilingualism, Oslo, June 14-18, 2011.
61. McDermott, W. L. C. (1986). The scalability of degrees of foreign accent. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.
62. McDonald, J. L. (2000). Grammaticality judgments in a second language: Influences of age of acquisition and native language. Applied Psycholinguistics, 21, 395-423.
63. Mennen, I. (2004). Bi-directional interference in the intonation of Dutch speakers of Greek. Journal of Phonetics, 32, 543-563.
64. Montrul, S. A. (2008). Incomplete acquisition in bilingualism. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
65. Moyer, A. (1999). Ultimate attainment in L2 phonology: The critical factors of age, motivation, and instruction. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 21, 81-108.
66. Moyer, A. (2007). Empirical considerations on the age factor in L2 phonology. Issues in Applied Linguistics, 15, 109-129.
67. Munro, M. J., & Derwing, T. M. (1995). Processing time, accent, and comprehensibility in the perception of native and foreign-accented speech. Language and Speech, 38, 289-306.
68. Oyama, S. (1976). A sensitive period for the acquisition of a nonnative phonological system. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 5, 261-283.
69. Pallier, C., Dehaene, S., Poline, J.-B., LeBihan, D., Argenti, A.-M., Dupoux, E., et al. (2003). Brain imaging of language plasticity in adopted adults: Can a second language replace the first? Cerebral Cortex, 13, 155-161.
70. Perdue, C. (1993). Adult language acquisition: Cross-linguistic perspectives. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
71. Piske, T., MacKay, I. R. A., & Flege, J. E. (2001). Factors affecting degree of foreign accent in an L2: A review. Journal of Phonetics, 29, 191-215.
72. Proverbio, A. M., Cok, B., & Zani, A. (2002). Electrophysiological measures of language processing in bilinguals. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 14, 994-1017.
73. Robinson, P. (2005). Aptitude and second language acquisition. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 25, 235-268.
74. Sancier, M. L., & Fowler, C. A. (1997). Gestural drift in a bilingual speaker of Brazilian Portuguese and English. Journal of Phonetics, 25, 421-436.
75. Schmid, M. S. (2002). First language attrition, use and maintenance: The case of German jews in Anglophone countries. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
76. Schmid, M. S. (2007). The role of L1 use for L1 attrition. In B. Kopke, M. S. Schmid, M. Keijzer & S. Dostert (Eds.), Language attrition. Theoretical perspectives. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
77. Schmid, M. S. (2009). On L1 attrition and the linguistic system. EUROSLA Yearbook, 9, 212-244.
78. Schmid, M. S. (2010). Languages at play: The relevance of L1 attrition to the study of bilingualism. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 13, 1-7.
79. Schmid, M. S. (2011). Language attrition. New York: Cambridge University Press.
80. Schmid, M. S., & Kopke, B. (2007). Bilingualism and attrition. In B. Kopke, M. S. Schmid, M. Keijzer, & S. Dostert (Eds.), Language attrition: Theoretical perspectives. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
81. Schmid, M. S., & Kopke, B. (2008). L1 attrition and the mental lexicon. In Aneta Pavlenko (Ed.), The bilingual mental lexicon. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
82. Schmid, M. S., & Dusseldorp, E. (2010). Quantitative analyses in a multivariate study of language attrition. Second Language Research, 26, 125-160.
83. Schmitt, E. 2004: No more reductions!-To the problem of evaluation of language attrition data. In M. S. Schmid, B. Kopke, M. Keijzer, & L. Weilemar (Eds.), First language attrition: Interdisciplinary perspectives on methodological issues. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
84. Schumann, J. H. (1998). The neurobiology of affect in language. Language Learning, 48(Suppl. 1).
85. Schwartz, B. D., & Sprouse, R. A. (1996). L2 cognitive states and the full transfer/full access model. Second Language Research, 12, 40-72.
86. Scovel, T. (1988). A time to speak: A psycholinguistic inquiry into the critical period for human speech. Cambridge, MA: Newbury House.
87. Selinker, L. (1972). Interlanguage. International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching, 10, 209-232.
88. Sundaraa, M., Polkaa, L., & Genesee, F. (2006). Language-experience facilitates discrimination of /d-D/ in monolingual and bilingual acquisition of English. Cognition, 100, 369-388.
89. Thompson, I. (1991). Foreign accents revisited: The English pronunciation of Russian immigrants. Language Learning, 41, 177-204.
90. Tsimpli, I., Sorace, A., Heycock, C., & Filiaci, F. (2004). First language attrition and syntactic subjects: A study of Greek and Italian near-native speakers of English. International Journal of Bilingualism, 8, 257-277.
91. Vago, R. M. (1991). Paradigmatic regularity in first language attrition. In H. W. Seliger & R. M. Vago (Eds.), First language attrition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
92. Van Hell, J., & Dijkstra, T. (2002). Foreign language knowledge can influence native language performance in exclusively native contexts. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 9, 780-789.
93. Ventureyra, V., Pallier, C., & Yoo, H.-Y. (2004). The loss of first language phonetic perception in adopted Koreans. Journal of Neurolinguistics, 17, 79-91.
94. Ventureyra, V. A. G. (2005). A la recherche de la langue perdue: Etude psycholinguistique de l'attrition de la premiere langue chez des Coreens adoptes en France [In search of the lostlanguage: A psycholinguistic study of first language attrition among Korean adoptees in France]. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales/Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et Psycholinguistique, Paris.
95. Werker, J. F., & Byers-Heinlein, K. (2008). Bilingualism in infancy: First steps in perception and comprehension. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 12, 144-151.
96. Yeni-Komshian, G. H., Flege, J. E., & Liu, S. (2000). Pronunciation proficiency in the first and second languages of Korean-English bilinguals. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 3, 131-149.