Quantitative analyses in a multivariate study of language attrition: The impact of extralinguistic factors

Second Language Research

Volumn 26, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 125-160

  Schmid, Monika S ^a   Dusseldorp, Elise ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GRONINGEN   (Netherlands)

^b LEIDEN UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Age effect for L1 attrition; Data elicitation; Emerging optionality; Factor analysis; First language attrition; Language attrition test battery; Language contact; Predictors in L1 attrition; Principal component analysis; Regression model; Validity of combined factors

Indexed keywords

EID: 77950324710     PISSN: 02676583     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0267658309337641     Document Type: Article

References (69)

1. Ammerlaan, T. 1996: 'You get a bit wobbly.': exploring bilingual lexical retrieval processes in the context of first language attrition. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Katholieke Universiteit Nijmegen.
2. Ben-Rafael, M. 2004: Language contact and attrition: the spoken French of Israeli Francophones. In Schmid, M.S., Köpke, B., Keijzer, M. and Weilemar, L., editors, First language attrition: interdisciplinary perspectives on methodological issues. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 165-87.
3. Ben-Rafael, M. and Schmid, M.S. 2007: Language attrition and ideology: two groups of immigrants in Israel. In Köpke, B., Schmid, M.S., Keijzer, M. and Dostert, S., editors, Language attrition: theoretical perspectives. Amsterdam /Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 205-26.
4. Bialystok, E., Craik, F. and Ryan, J. 2006: Executive control in a modified antisaccade task: effects of aging and bilingualism. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition 32, 1341-54.
5. Birdsong, D. 2006. Age and second language acquisition and processing: a selective overview. Language Learning 56, 9-49.
6. Burke, D.M. 1997: Language, aging, and inhibitory deficits: evaluation of a theory. Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 52, 254-64.
7. Byland, E.S. 2008: Age differences in first language. Unpublished PhD dissertation, Stockholm University.
8. Cronbach, L.J. 1951: Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika 16, 297-334.
9. de Bot, K., Gommans, P. and Rossing, C. 1991: L1 loss in an L2 environment: Dutch immigrants in France. In Seliger, H.W. and Vago, R.M., editors, First language attrition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 87-98.
10. de Bot, K., Lowie, W. and Verspoor, M. 2007: A Dynamic Systems Theory approach to second language acquisition. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 10, 7-21.
11. Dewaele, J.-M. 2004: Perceived language dominance and language preference for emotional speech: the implications for attrition research. In Schmid, M.S., Köpke, B., Keijzer, M. and Weilemar, L., editors, First language attrition: interdisciplinary perspectives on methodological issues. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 81-104.
12. Gardner, R.C. 1985: The attitude/motivation test battery: technical report. Available online at http://publish.uwo.ca/~gardner/docs/AMTBmanual.pdf (July 2009).
13. Giesbers, H. 1997: Dutch in Indonesia: language attrition or language contact. In Klatter-Folmer, J. and Kroon, S., editors, Dutch overseas: studies in maintenance and loss of Dutch as an immigrant language. Tilburg: Tilburg University Press, 163-80.
14. Giles, H., Bourhis, R. and Taylor, D. 1977: Towards a theory of language in ethnic group relations. In Giles, H., editor, Language, ethnicity and intergroup relations. London: Academic Press, 307-48.
15. Grosjean, F. 1998: Transfer and language mode. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 1, 175-76.
16. Grosjean, F. 2001: The bilingual's language modes. In Nicol, J.L., editor. One mind, two languages: bilingual language processing. Oxford: Blackwell, 1-22.
17. Grosjean, F. and Py, B. 1991: La restructuration d'une première langue: l'intégration de variantes de contact dans la compétence de migrants bilingues [The reconstructing of a first language: integration of contract forms into the competence of bilingual migrants]. La Linguistique 27, 35-60.
18. Gross, S. 2004: A modest proposal: explaining language attrition in the context of contact linguistics. In Schmid, M.S., Köpke, B., Keijzer, M. and Weilemar, L., editors, First language attrition: interdisciplinary perspectives on methodological issues. Amsterdam/ Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 281-97.
19. Grotjahn, R. 1987: How to construct and evaluate a C-Test: a discussion of some problems and some statistical analyses. Quantitative Linguistics 34, 219-53.
20. Gürel, A. 2000: Linguistic characteristics of second language acquisition and first language attrition: Turkish overt versus null pronouns. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, McGill University, Montréal.
21. Gürel, A. 2007: (Psycho)linguistic determinants of L1 attrition. In Köpke, B., Schmid, M.S., Keijzer, M. and Dostert, S., editors, Language attrition: theoretical perspectives. Amsterdam/ Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 99-119.
22. Hakuta, K. and d'Andrea, D. 1992: Some properties of bilingual maintenance and loss in Mexican background high-school students. Applied Linguistics 13, 72-99.
23. Hill, H., Ott, F., Herbert, C. and Weisbrod, M. 2006: Response execution in lexical decision tasks obscures sex-specific lateralization effects in language processing: evidence from event-related potential measures during word reading. Cerebral Cortex 16, 978-89.
24. Hulsen, M. 2000: Language loss and language processing: three generations of Dutch migrants in New Zealand. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Katholike Universiteit Nijmegen.
25. Hyltenstam, K. 2007: The incidence of nativelikeness among second language users: a maturational account. Keynote address. The 6th International Symposium on Bilingualism. Hamburg, May/June 2007.
26. Jarvis, S. 2003: Probing the effects of the L2 on the L1: a case study. In Cook, V., editor. Effects of the second language on the first. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters, 81-102.
27. Jaspaert, K. and Kroon, S. 1989: Social determinants of language loss. Review of Applied Linguistics 83/84, 75-98.
28. Kansaku, K. and Kitazawa, S. 2001: Imaging studies on sex differences in the lateralization of language. Neuroscience Research 41, 333-37.
29. Klein-Braley, C. 1985: A cloze-up on the C-test: a study in the construct validation of authentic tests. Language Testing 2, 76-104.
30. Klein-Braley, C. 1997: C-tests in the context of reduced redundancy testing: an appraisal. Language Testing 14, 47-84.
31. Köpke, B. 1999: L'attrition de la première langue chez le bilingue tardif: Implications pour l'étude psycholinguistique du bilinguisme [First language attrition in late bilinguals: implications for psycholinguistic investigations of bilingualism]. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Université de Toulouse-Le Mirail, Toulouse.
32. Köpke, B. and Schmid, M.S. 2004: First language attrition: the next phase. In Schmid, M.S., Köpke, B., Keijzer, M. and Weilemar, L., editors, First language attrition: interdisciplinary perspectives on methodological issues. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 1-43.
33. Larsen-Freeman, D. and Long, M.H. 1991: An introduction to second language acquisition research. New York: Longman.
34. Leisiö, L. 2001: Morphosyntactic convergence and integration in Finland Russian. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Tampere.
35. Major, R.C. 1992: Losing English as a first language. Modern Language Journal 76, 190-209.
36. Major, R.C. 1993: Sociolinguistic factors in loss and acquisition of phonology. In Hyltenstam, K. and Viberg, A., editors, Progression and regression in language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 463-78.
37. Major, R.C. 2004: Gender and stylistic variation in second language phonology. Language Variation and Change 16, 169-88.
38. Masgoret, A.-M. and Gardner, R.C. 2003: Attitudes, motivation, and second language learning: a meta-analysis of studies conducted by Gardner and associates. Language Learning 53, 123-63.
39. McKee, G., Malvern, D. and Richards, B. 2000: Measuring vocabulary diversity using dedicated software. Literary and Linguistic Computing 15, 323-37.
40. Montrul, S. 2002: Incomplete acquisition and attrition of Spanish tense/aspect distinctions in adult bilinguals. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 5, 39-68.
41. Nakuma, C. 1997: Loss of communicative competence: measurability and description of a method. International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching 35, 199-209.
42. Olshtain, E. and Barzilay, M. 1991: Lexical retrieval difficulties in adult language attrition. In Seliger, H.W. and Vago, R.M., editors, First language attrition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 139-50.
43. Pallier, C. 2007: Critical periods in language acquisition and language attrition. In Köpke, B., Schmid, M.S., Keijzer, M. and Dostert, S., editors, Language attrition: theoretical perspectives. Amsterdam /Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 155-68.
44. Paradis, M. 1993: 'Interference' in bilingual speakers. International Journal of Psycholinguistics 9, 133-45.
45. Paradis, M. 2004: A neurolinguistic theory of bilingualism. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
46. Paradis, M. 2007: L1 attrition features predicted by a neurolinguistic theory of bilingualism. In Köpke, B., Schmid, M.S., Keijzer, M. and Dostert, S., editors, Language attrition: theoretical perspectives. Amsterdam / Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 121-33.
47. Pavlenko, A. 2004: L2 influence and L1 attrition in adult bilingualism. In Schmid, M.S., Köpke, B., Keijzer, M. and Weilemar, L., editors, First language attrition: interdisciplinary perspectives on methodological issues. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 47-59.
48. Pelc, L.A. 2001: L1 lexical, morphological and morphosyntactic attrition in Greek-English bilinguals. Unpublished PhD dissertation, City University of New York.
49. Perdue, C. 1993: Adult language acquisition: cross-linguistic perspectives. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
50. Roberts, P.M. and Le Dorze, G. 1998: Bilingual aphasia: semantic organization, strategy use, and productivity in semantic verbal fluency. Brain and Language 65, 287-312.
51. Schmid, M.S. 2002: First language attrition, use and maintenance: the case of German Jews in Anglophone countries. Amsterdam/ Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
52. Schmid, M.S. 2004: Language attrition research: an annotated bibliography. In Schmid, M.S., Köpke, B., Keijzer, M. and Weilemar, L., editors, First language attrition: interdisciplinary perspectives on methodological issues. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 317-48.
53. Schmid, M.S. 2007: The role of L1 use for L1 attrition. In Köpke, B., Schmid, M.S., Keijzer, M. and Dostert, S., editors, Language attrition: theoretical perspectives. Amsterdam/ Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 135-53.
54. Schmid, M.S. and Beers Fägersten, K. forthcoming(2010): The development of disfluency markers in L1 attrition. To appear in Language Learning 60(4).
55. Schmid, M.S. and Köpke, B. 2009: L1 attrition and the mental lexicon. In Pavlenko, A., editor, The bilingual mental lexicon: interdisciplinary approaches. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters, 209-38.
56. Schmitt, E. 2004: No more reductions!: to the problem of evaluation of language attrition data. In Schmid, M.S., Köpke, B., Keijzer, M. and Weilemar, L., editors, First language attrition: interdisciplinary perspectives on methodological issues. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 299-316.
57. Schmitt, E. 2010: When boundaries are crossed: evaluating language attrition data from two perspectives. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 13(1).
58. Schoenmakers-Klein Gunnewiek, M. 1998: Taalverlies door taalcontact? Een onderzoek bij Portugese migranten [Language loss through language contact? An investigation of Portuguese migrants]. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Katholieke Universiteit Brabant.
59. Schumann, J.H. 1994: Where is cognition? Emotion and cognition in second language acquisition. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 16, 231-42.
60. Schumann, J.H. 1998: The neurobiology of affect in language. Language Learning 48: Supplement 1.
61. Seliger, H.W. and Vago, R.M. 1991: The study of first language attrition: an overview. In Seliger, H.W. and Vago, R.M., editors, First language attrition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 3-15.
62. Sorace, A. 2005: Selective optionality in language development. In Cornips, L. and Corrigan, K.P., editors, Syntax and variation: reconciling the biological and the social. Amsterdam/ Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 55-80.
63. Tabachnick, B.G. and Fidell, L.S. 1989: Using multivariate statistics. 2nd edition. New York: HarperCollins.
64. Tsimpli, I. 2007: First language attrition from a minimalist perspective: interface vulnerability and processing effects. In Köpke, B., Schmid, M.S., Keijzer, M. and Dostert, S., editors, Language attrition: theoretical perspectives. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 83-98.
65. Tsimpli, I., Sorace, A., Heycock, C. and Filiaci, F. 2004: First language attrition and syntactic subjects: a study of Greek and Italian near-native speakers of English. International Journal of Bilingualism 8, 257-77.
66. Ullman, M. 2004: Contributions of memory circuits to language: the declarative/procedural model. Cognition 92, 231-70.
67. Williams, A. and Harwood, J. 2004: An intergroup perspective on intergenerational relationships in the family. In Nussbaum, J.F. and Coupland, J., editors, Handbook of communication and aging research. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum, 115-38.
68. Ya ǧmur, K. 1997: First language attrition among Turkish speakers in Sydney. Tilburg: Tilburg University Press.
69. Yukawa, E. 1997: L1 Japanese attrition and regaining: three case studies of two early bilingual children. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Centre for Research on Bilingualism, Stockholm University.