Recruitment to online therapies for depression: Pilot cluster randomized controlled trial

Journal of Medical Internet Research

Volumn 15, Issue 3, 2013, Pages

  Jones, Ray B ^a   Goldsmith, Lesley ^a   Hewson, Paul ^a   Williams, Christopher J ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PLYMOUTH   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

AdWords; CCBT; Cluster randomized trial; Computerised CBT; Depression; Google Analytics; Living Life to the Full; LLTTF; MoodGym; Online advertising; Pilot study

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CLUSTER ANALYSIS; COGNITIVE THERAPY; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; COST; DEPRESSION; ECONOMICS; HUMAN; INFORMATION RETRIEVAL; METHODOLOGY; ONLINE SYSTEM; PILOT STUDY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL;

CLUSTER ANALYSIS; COGNITIVE THERAPY; COSTS AND COST ANALYSIS; DEPRESSION; HUMANS; INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL; ONLINE SYSTEMS; PILOT PROJECTS;

EID: 84876157213     PISSN: None     EISSN: 14388871     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2196/jmir.2367     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Kohn R, Saxena S, Levav I, Saraceno B. The treatment gap in mental health care. Bull World Health Organ 2004 Nov;82(11):858-866 [FREE Full text] [Medline: 15640922]
2. Powell J, Clarke A. Internet information-seeking in mental health: population survey. Br J Psychiatry 2006 Sep;189:273-277 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.105.017319] [Medline: 16946364]
3. Fox S. Washington, DC: Pew Internet and American Life Project Online Health Search 2006 URL: http://www.pewinternet.org/Reports/2006/Online-Health- Search-2006.aspx [accessed 2012-11-20] [WebCite Cache ID 6CJwch7eb]
4. Eysenbach G, Köhler C. How do consumers search for and appraise health information on the world wide web? Qualitative study using focus groups, usability tests, and in-depth interviews. BMJ 2002 Mar 9;324(7337):573-577 [FREE Full text] [Medline: 11884321]
5. Jones R, Goldsmith L. Plymouth: University of Plymouth; November. 2009. What is the evidence for the benefits and outcomes for digital health services? Final Report to NHS Choices URL: http://www.plymouth.ac.uk/researchcover/rcp. asp?page=256&pagetype=G [accessed 2011-11-04] [WebCite Cache ID 62wTB0400]
6. Depression: The treatment and management of depression in adults (update). London: National Institute for Clinical Excellence; 2009. URL: http://publications.nice.org.uk/depression-in-Adults-cg90 [accessed 2013-02-22] [WebCite Cache ID 6Ed6DsGqN]
7. Beating the blues. URL: http://www.beatingtheblues.co.uk/patients/ [accessed 2012-11-20] [WebCite Cache ID 6CJwwXbMU]
8. Williams C. www.llttf.com. 2012. Living life to the full URL: http://www.llttf.com/[accessed 2011-10-31] [WebCite Cache ID 62qfl9MlT]
9. MoodGYM. 2012. URL: https://moodgym.anu.edu.au:443/welcome [accessed 2012-11-20] [WebCite Cache ID 6CJx1zVDp]
10. Jones RB, Goldsmith L, Williams CJ, Kamel Boulos MN. Accuracy of geographically targeted internet advertisements on Google AdWords for recruitment in a randomized trial. J Med Internet Res 2012;14(3):e84 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.2196/jmir.1991] [Medline: 22718043]
11. Office for National Statistics. 2012. Internet access quarterly update, 2012 Q2 URL: http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/publications/re-reference-tables.html? edition=tcm%3A77-268719 [accessed 2012-11-20] [WebCite Cache ID 6CJx930Kp]
12. Weich S, Holt G, Twigg L, Jones K, Lewis G. Geographic variation in the prevalence of common mental disorders in Britain: a multilevel investigation. Am J Epidemiol 2003 Apr 15;157(8):730-737 [FREE Full text] [Medline: 12697577]
13. Estrada C, Krishnamoorthy P, Smith A, Staton L, Houston T. 2009 Southern Regional Meeting Abstracts. Web-Analytics: changes of participation measurement URL: http://www.afmr.org/abstracts/2009/SR2009-Abstracts/431.cgi [accessed 2012-11-20] [WebCite Cache ID 6CJxHuFMT]
14. Lee K, Otgonsuren M, Younoszai Z, Mir HM, Younossi ZM. Association of chronic liver disease with depression: a population-based study. Psychosomatics 2013 Jan;54(1):52-59. [doi: 10.1016/j.psym.2012.09.005] [Medline: 23295007]
15. Estrada CA, Krishnamoorthy P, Smith A, Staton L, Korf MJ, Allison JJ, et al. Marketing to increase participation in a Web-based continuing medical education cultural competence curriculum. J Contin Educ Health Prof 2011;31(1):21-27 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.1002/chp.20097] [Medline: 21425356]
16. Ramo DE, Hall SM, Prochaska JJ. Reaching young adult smokers through the internet: comparison of three recruitment mechanisms. Nicotine Tob Res 2010 Jul;12(7):768-775 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntq086] [Medline: 20530194]
17. Graham AL, Bock BC, Cobb NK, Niaura R, Abrams DB. Characteristics of smokers reached and recruited to an internet smoking cessation trial: a case of denominators. Nicotine Tob Res 2006 Dec;8 Suppl 1:S43-S48 [FREE Full text] [Medline: 17491170]
18. Graham AL, Fang Y, Moreno JL, Streiff SL, Villegas J, Muñoz RF, et al. Online advertising to reach and recruit Latino smokers to an internet cessation program: impact and costs. J Med Internet Res 2012;14(4):e116 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.2196/jmir.2162] [Medline: 22954502]
19. Graham AL, Milner P, Saul JE, Pfaff L. Online advertising as a public health and recruitment tool: comparison of different media campaigns to increase demand for smoking cessation interventions. J Med Internet Res 2008;10(5):e50 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.2196/jmir.1001] [Medline: 19073542]
20. Fenner Y, Garland SM, Moore EE, Jayasinghe Y, Fletcher A, Tabrizi SN, et al. Web-based recruiting for health research using a social networking site: an exploratory study. J Med Internet Res 2012;14(1):e20 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.2196/jmir.1978] [Medline: 22297093]
21. Bauermeister JA, Zimmerman MA, Johns MM, Glowacki P, Stoddard S, Volz E. Innovative recruitment using online networks: lessons learned from an online study of alcohol and other drug use utilizing a web-based, Respondent-Driven Sampling (webRDS) strategy. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2012 Sep;73(5):834-838. [Medline: 22846248]
22. Devineni T, Blanchard EB. A randomized controlled trial of an internet-based treatment for chronic headache. Behav Res Ther 2005 Mar;43(3):277-292. [doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2004.01.008] [Medline: 15680926]
23. Andersson G, Bergström J, Holländare F, Carlbring P, Kaldo V, Ekselius L. Internet-based self-help for depression: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry 2005 Nov;187:456-461 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.1192/bjp.187.5.456] [Medline: 16260822]
24. Jones RB, O'Connor A, Brelsford J, Parsons N, Skirton H. Costs and difficulties of recruiting patients to provide e-health support: pilot study in one primary care trust. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2012;12:25 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.1186/1472-6947-12-25] [Medline: 22458706]
25. Leykin Y, Muñoz RF, Contreras O. Are consumers of Internet health information "cyberchondriacs"? Characteristics of 24,965 users of a depression screening site. Depress Anxiety 2012 Jan;29(1):71-77 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.1002/da.20848] [Medline: 21681872]
26. Purdy CH. Using the Internet and social media to promote condom use in Turkey. Reprod Health Matters 2011 May;19(37):157-165. [doi: 10.1016/S0968-8080(11)37549-0] [Medline: 21555096]
27. Gordon JS, Akers L, Severson HH, Danaher BG, Boles SM. Successful participant recruitment strategies for an online smokeless tobacco cessation program. Nicotine Tob Res 2006 Dec;8 Suppl 1:S35-S41. [Medline: 17491169]
28. Depression. NHS choices, your health, your choices URL: http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/depression/Pages/Introduction.aspx?WT.mc-id=61006 [accessed 2011-10-31] [WebCite Cache ID 62qgIBeRw]
29. Samaritans. 2011. Samaritans URL: http://www.samaritans.org/[accessed 2011-10-31] [WebCite Cache ID 62qgVnRjR]
30. National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health.: National Institute for Clinical Excellence; 2004. Depression: The management of depression in primary and secondary care URL: http://www.nice.org.uk/nicemedia/pdf/cg023fullguideline. pdf [accessed 2012-11-20] [WebCite Cache ID 6CJxdwMuz]
31. Kroenke K, Spitzer RL. The PHQ9: a new depression diagnostic and severity measure. Psychiatric Annals 2002;32(9 Online):0048-5713.
32. National Health Service. Improving Access to Psychological Therapies URL: http://www.iapt.nhs.uk/[accessed 2013-02-22] [WebCite Cache ID 6Ed7rOTUY]
33. R Development Core Team (2011). R: A language and environment for statistical computing URL: http://www.r-project.org/[accessed 2012-11-20] [WebCite Cache ID 6CJxspdtE]
34. Jones RB, Goldsmith L, Hewson P, Kamel Boulos MN, Williams CJ. Do adverts increase the probability of finding online cognitive behavioural therapy for depression? Cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2012;2(2):e000800 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2011-000800] [Medline: 22508957]
35. McCrone P, Dhanasiri S, Patel A, Knapp M, Lawton-Smith S. Paying the Price: The cost of mental health care in England to 2026. London: King's Fund; 2008. URL: http://www.kingsfund.org.uk/sites/files/kf/Paying-the-Price-the-cost- of-mental-health-care-England-2026-McCrone-Dhanasiri-Patel-Knapp-Lawton-Smith- Kings-Fund-May-2008-0.pdf [accessed 2013-02-22] [WebCite Cache ID 6Ed7JbAri]
36. Singleton N, Bumpstead R, O'Brien M, Lee A, Meltzer H. Psychiatric morbidity among adults living in private households, 2000. Int Rev Psychiatry 2003;15(1-2):65-73. [doi: 10.1080/0954026021000045967] [Medline: 12745312]