Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance in Marfan syndrome

Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance

Volumn 15, Issue 1, 2013, Pages

  Dormand, Helen ^a   Mohiaddin, Raad H ^b  

^a MANCHESTER ROYAL INFIRMARY   (United Kingdom)

^b ROYAL BROMPTON HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Aorta; CMR; CT; Echo; Marfan syndrome

Indexed keywords

ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; HYPERTENSIVE FACTOR; LOSARTAN; PERINDOPRIL; VASODILATOR AGENT; CONTRAST MEDIUM;

AORTA; AORTA ROOT; AORTA SURGERY; AORTA WALL; AORTOGRAPHY; CARDIAC IMAGING; CARDIOMYOPATHY; COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC ANGIOGRAPHY; DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE; ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; FOLLOW UP; HEART VENTRICLE FUNCTION; HEREDITY; HUMAN; MARFAN SYNDROME; MITRAL VALVE PROLAPSE; MITRAL VALVE REGURGITATION; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION; PATHOGENESIS; PHENOTYPE; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; REVIEW; THORAX DEFORMITY; VASCULAR STENT; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; COMPLICATION; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; DIAGNOSTIC USE; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; GENETICS; PROCEDURES;

CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; CONTRAST MEDIA; DIAGNOSIS, DIFFERENTIAL; ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; HUMANS; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; MARFAN SYNDROME; PRACTICE GUIDELINES AS TOPIC; PROGNOSIS; TOMOGRAPHY, X-RAY COMPUTED;

EID: 84876151354     PISSN: 10976647     EISSN: 1532429X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/1532-429X-15-33     Document Type: Review

References (134)

1. Marfan's syndrome. Ho NC, Tran JR, Bektas A, Lancet 2005 366 9501 1978 1981 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66995-4 16325702 (Pubitemid 41713990)
2. International nosology of heritable disorders of connective tissue, Berlin, 1986. Beighton P, de Paepe A, Danks D, Finidori G, Gedde-Dahl T, Goodman R, Am J Med Genet 1988 29 3 581 594 10.1002/ajmg.1320290316 3287925
3. Revised diagnostic criteria for the Marfan syndrome. De Paepe A, Devereux RB, Dietz HC, Hennekam RC, Pyeritz RE, Am J Med Genet 1996 62 4 417 426 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(19960424)62:4<417::AID-AJMG15>3.0.CO;2-R 8723076 (Pubitemid 26131122)
4. The revised Ghent nosology for the Marfan syndrome. Loeys BL, Dietz HC, Braverman AC, Callewaert BL, De Backer J, Devereux RB, J Med Genet 2010 47 7 476 485 10.1136/jmg.2009.072785 20591885
5. The Marfan syndrome: diagnosis and management. Pyeritz RE, McKusick VA, N Engl J Med 1979 300 14 772 777 10.1056/NEJM197904053001406 370588 (Pubitemid 9172315)
6. Medical management of Marfan syndrome. Keane MG, Pyeritz RE, Circulation 2008 117 21 2802 2813 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.693523 18506019 (Pubitemid 351771336)
7. The clinical spectrum of missense mutations of the first aspartic acid of cbEGF-like domains in fibrillin-1 including a recessive family. Hilhorst-Hofstee Y, Rijlaarsdam ME, Scholte AJ, Swart-van den Berg M, Versteegh MI, van der Schoot-van Velzen I, Hum Mutat 2010 31 12 1915 E1927 10.1002/humu.21372 20886638
8. Location on chromosome 15 of the gene defect causing Marfan syndrome. Kainulainen K, Pulkkinen L, Savolainen A, Kaitila I, Peltonen L, N Engl J Med 1990 323 14 935 939 10.1056/NEJM199010043231402 2402262 (Pubitemid 20332332)
9. The molecular genetics of Marfan syndrome and related microfibrillopathies. Robinson PN, Godfrey M, J Med Genet 2000 37 1 9 25 10.1136/jmg.37.1.9 10633129 (Pubitemid 30245869)
10. Contribution of molecular analyses in diagnosing Marfan syndrome and type I fibrillinopathies: an international study of 1009 probands. Faivre L, Collod-Beroud G, Child A, Callewaert B, Loeys BL, Binquet C, J Med Genet 2008 45 6 384 390 10.1136/jmg.2007.056382 18310266 (Pubitemid 351839480)
11. The cardiovascular aspects of Marfan's syndrome: a heritable disorder of connective tissue. Mc KV, Circulation 1955 11 3 321 342 10.1161/01.CIR.11.3.321 14352380
12. The translational science of Marfan syndrome. Jondeau G, Michel JB, Boileau C, Heart 2011 97 15 1206 1214 10.1136/hrt.2010.212100 21742617
13. Losartan, an AT1 antagonist, prevents aortic aneurysm in a mouse model of Marfan syndrome. Habashi JP, Judge DP, Holm TM, Cohn RD, Loeys BL, Cooper TK, Science 2006 312 5770 117 121 10.1126/science.1124287 16601194
14. TGF-beta-dependent pathogenesis of mitral valve prolapse in a mouse model of Marfan syndrome. Ng CM, Cheng A, Myers LA, Martinez-Murillo F, Jie C, Bedja D, J Clin Invest 2004 114 11 1586 1592 15546004 (Pubitemid 40385549)
15. Aneurysm syndromes caused by mutations in the TGF-beta receptor. Loeys BL, Schwarze U, Holm T, Callewaert BL, Thomas GH, Pannu H, N Engl J Med 2006 355 8 788 798 10.1056/NEJMoa055695 16928994 (Pubitemid 44285584)
16. Familial thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections-incidence, modes of inheritance, and phenotypic patterns. Albornoz G, Coady MA, Roberts M, Davies RR, Tranquilli M, Rizzo JA, Ann Thorac Surg 2006 82 4 1400 1405 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2006.04.098 16996941 (Pubitemid 44402354)
17. Beta-aminopropionitrile-induced dissecting aneurysms of turkeys: treatment with propranolol. Simpson CF, Kling JM, Palmer RF, Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1970 16 1 143 153 10.1016/0041-008X(70)90170-5 5416744
18. Prophylactiv use of propranolol in the Marfan syndrome to prevent aortic dissection. Ose L, McKusick VA, Birth Defects Orig Artic Ser 1977 13 3C 163 169 19114 (Pubitemid 8182205)
19. Progression of aortic dilatation and the benefit of long-term beta-adrenergic blockade in Marfan's syndrome. Shores J, Berger KR, Murphy EA, Pyeritz RE, N Engl J Med 1994 330 19 1335 1341 10.1056/NEJM199405123301902 8152445 (Pubitemid 24136056)
20. Medical therapy of thoracic aortic aneurysms: are we there yet? Danyi P, Elefteriades JA, Jovin IS, Circulation 2011 124 13 1469 1476 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.006486 21947934
21. Angiotensin II blockade and aortic-root dilation in Marfan's syndrome. Brooke BS, Habashi JP, Judge DP, Patel N, Loeys B, Dietz HC 3rd, N Engl J Med 2008 358 26 2787 2795 10.1056/NEJMoa0706585 18579813 (Pubitemid 351930853)
22. Effect of perindopril on large artery stiffness and aortic root diameter in patients with Marfan syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. Ahimastos AA, Aggarwal A, D'Orsa KM, Formosa MF, White AJ, Savarirayan R, JAMA 2007 298 13 1539 1547 10.1001/jama.298.13.1539 17911499 (Pubitemid 47529388)
23. Recommendations for physical activity and recreational sports participation for young patients with genetic cardiovascular diseases. Maron BJ, Chaitman BR, Ackerman A, Bayes de Luna MJ, Corrado D, Crosson JE, Circulation 2004 109 22 2807 2816 10.1161/01.CIR.0000128363.85581.E1 15184297 (Pubitemid 38744555)
24. Life expectancy and causes of death in the Marfan syndrome. Murdoch JL, Walker BA, Halpern BL, Kuzma JW, McKusick VA, N Engl J Med 1972 286 15 804 808 10.1056/NEJM197204132861502 5011789
25. Marfan syndrome: literature review of mortality studies. Krause KJ, J Insur Med 2000 32 2 79 88 15912906
26. Life expectancy in the marfan syndrome. Silverman DI, Burton KJ, Gray J, Bosner MS, Kouchoukos NT, Roman MJ, Boxer M, Devereux RB, Tsipouras P, Am J Cardiol 1995 75 157 160 10.1016/S0002-9149(00)80066-1 7810492
27. Family history of severe cardiovascular disease in Marfan syndrome is associated with increased aortic diameter and decreased survival. Silverman DI, Gray J, Roman MJ, Bridges A, Burton K, Boxer M, J Am Coll Cardiol 1995 26 4 1062 1067 10.1016/0735-1097(95)00258-0 7560600
28. Arachnodactyly complicated by dislocated lens and death from rupture of dissecting aneurysm of the aorta. Etter LEGLP, JAMA 1943 123 88 89 10.1001/jama.1943.82840370001006
29. Hemodynamic impact of surgical correction of pectus excavatum-a cardiovascular magnetic resonance study. Zagrosek AVK-BF, Polleichtner S, Schaarschmidt, Schulz-Menger J, J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2011 13 Suppl 1 190 10.1186/1532-429X-13-S1-P190
30. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance in patients with pectus excavatum compared with normal controls. Saleh RS, Finn JP, Fenchel M, Moghadam AN, Krishnam M, Abrazado M, J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2010 12 73 10.1186/1532-429X-12- 73 21144053
31. 1039 Prevalence of cardiovascular manifestations in patients with Marfan syndrome: a cardiovascular magnetic resonance study. Alpendurada F, Mohiaddin R, J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2008 10 Suppl 1 164 10.1186/1532-429X-10-S1-A164
32. Cardiovascular manifestations in men and women carrying a FBN1 mutation. Detaint D, Faivre L, Collod-Beroud G, Child AH, Loeys BL, Binquet C, Eur Heart J 2010 31 18 2223 2229 10.1093/eurheartj/ehq258 20709720
33. - 2010 ACCF/AHA/AATS/ACR/ASA/SCA/SCAI/SIR/STS/SVM guidelines for the diagnosis and management of patients with thoracic aortic disease: a report of the American college of cardiology foundation/American heart association task force on practice guidelines, American association for thoracic surgery, American college of radiology, American stroke association, society of cardiovascular anesthesiologists, society for cardiovascular angiography and interventions, society of interventional radiology, society of thoracic surgeons, and society for vascular medicine. Hiratzka LF, Bakris GL, Beckman JA, Bersin RM, Carr VF, Casey DE Jr, Circulation 2010 121 13 266 e369 20233780
34. Association of painless acute aortic dissection with increased mortality. Park SW, Hutchison S, Mehta RH, Isselbacher EM, Cooper JV, Fang J, Mayo Clinic proceedings Mayo Clinic 2004 79 10 1252 1257 10.4065/79.10.1252 15473405 (Pubitemid 39299068)
35. Clinical, diagnostic, and management perspectives of aortic dissection. Khan IA, Nair CK, Chest 2002 122 1 311 328 10.1378/chest.122.1.311 12114376 (Pubitemid 34754180)
36. Usefulness of pulse deficit to predict in-hospital complications and mortality in patients with acute type A aortic dissection. Bossone E, Rampoldi V, Nienaber CA, Trimarchi S, Ballotta A, Cooper JV, Am J Cardiol 2002 89 7 851 855 10.1016/S0002-9149(02)02198-7 11909573 (Pubitemid 34241465)
37. Impact of organ malperfusion on mortality and morbidity in acute type A aortic dissections. Yagdi T, Atay Y, Engin C, Mahmudov R, Tetik O, Iyem H, J Card Surg 2006 21 4 363 369 10.1111/j.1540-8191.2006.00246.x 16846414 (Pubitemid 43989932)
38. Marfan syndrome. Long-term survival and complications after aortic aneurysm repair. Finkbohner R, Johnston D, Crawford ES, Coselli J, Milewicz DM, Circulation 1995 91 3 728 733 10.1161/01.CIR.91.3.728 7828300
39. Dissection in Marfan syndrome: the importance of the descending aorta. Mimoun L, Detaint D, Hamroun D, Arnoult F, Delorme G, Gautier M, Eur Heart J 2011 32 4 443 449 10.1093/eurheartj/ehq434 21147864
40. Beyond the root: dilatation of the distal aorta in Marfan's syndrome. Engelfriet PM, Boersma E, Tijssen JG, Bouma BJ, Mulder BJ, Heart 2006 92 9 1238 1243 10.1136/hrt.2005.081638 16488927 (Pubitemid 44298869)
41. Nonneoplastic diseases of aorta and pulmonary trunk-Part V. Waller BF, Clary JD, Rohr T, Clin Cardiol 1997 20 12 1026 1028 10.1002/clc.4960201210 9422842 (Pubitemid 28007807)
42. A critical analysis of minor cardiovascular criteria in the diagnostic evaluation of patients with Marfan syndrome. De Backer J, Loeys B, Devos D, Dietz H, De Sutter J, De Paepe A, Genet Med 2006 8 7 401 408 10.1097/01.gim.0000223550.41849.e3 16845272 (Pubitemid 44289002)
43. Marfan's Syndrome and the heart. Stuart AG, Williams A, Arch Dis Child 2007 92 4 351 356 10.1136/adc.2006.097469 17376944 (Pubitemid 46535521)
44. Mitral valve surgery in the adult Marfan syndrome patient. Bhudia SK, Troughton R, Lam BK, Rajeswaran J, Mills WR, Gillinov AM, Ann Thorac Surg 2006 81 3 843 848 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2005.08.055 16488682 (Pubitemid 43247648)
45. Marfan syndrome: echocardiographic valvular characteristics compared to histological findings. Gu XHY, Li Z, Han J, Chen J, Nixon JV, JACC 2011 57 1410 10.1016/S0735-1097(11)61410-1
46. The aortic root: structure, function, and surgical reconstruction. Underwood MJ, El Khoury G, Deronck D, Glineur D, Dion R, Heart 2000 83 4 376 380 10.1136/heart.83.4.376 10722531 (Pubitemid 30316746)
47. Myocardial involvement in the Marfan syndrome. Fujiseki Y, Okuno K, Tanaka M, Shimada M, Takahashi M, Kawanishi K, Jpn Heart J 1985 26 6 1043 1050 10.1536/ihj.26.1043 3831408 (Pubitemid 16128755)
48. Dilated cardiomyopathy in a patient with Marfan syndrome accompanied by chronic type A aortic dissection and right atrial thrombus. Kahveci G, Erkol A, Yilmaz F, Intern Med 2010 49 23 2583 2586 10.2169/internalmedicine.49.3880 21139296
49. Evaluation of left ventricular dimensions and function in Marfan's syndrome without significant valvular regurgitation. Meijboom LJ, Timmermans J, van Tintelen JP, Nollen GJ, De Backer J, van den Berg MP, Am J Cardiol 2005 95 6 795 797 10.1016/j.amjcard.2004.11.042 15757617 (Pubitemid 40332667)
50. Primary impairment of left ventricular function in Marfan syndrome. De Backer JF, Devos D, Segers P, Matthys D, Francois K, Gillebert TC, Int J Cardiol 2006 112 3 353 358 10.1016/j.ijcard.2005.10.010 16316698 (Pubitemid 44415054)
51. Long-term outcome in patients with Marfan syndrome: is aortic dissection the only cause of sudden death? Yetman AT, Bornemeier RA, McCrindle BW, J Am Coll Cardiol 2003 41 2 329 332 10.1016/S0735-1097(02)02699-2 12535830 (Pubitemid 36092205)
52. Impaired right ventricular systolic function demonstrated by reduced atrioventricular plane displacement in adults with Marfan syndrome. Kiotsekoglou A, Sutherland GR, Moggridge JC, Kapetanakis V, Bajpai A, Bunce N, Eur J Echocardiogr 2009 10 2 295 302 18801726
53. Evidence for Marfan cardiomyopathy. Alpendurada F, Wong J, Kiotsekoglou A, Banya W, Child A, Prasad SK, Eur J Heart Fail 2010 12 10 1085 1091 10.1093/eurjhf/hfq127 20861133
54. Replacement of the aortic root in patients with Marfan's syndrome. Gott VL, Greene PS, Alejo DE, Cameron DE, Naftel DC, Miller DC, N Engl J Med 1999 340 17 1307 1313 10.1056/NEJM199904293401702 10219065 (Pubitemid 29196592)
55. What is the appropriate size criterion for resection of thoracic aortic aneurysms? Coady MA, Rizzo JA, Hammond GL, Mandapati D, Darr U, Kopf GS, J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1997 113 3 476 491 discussion 89-91 10.1016/S0022- 5223(97)70360-X 9081092 (Pubitemid 27149131)
56. Surgery of the thoracic aorta. Kouchoukos NT, Dougenis D, N Engl J Med 1997 336 26 1876 1888 10.1056/NEJM199706263362606 9197217 (Pubitemid 27263976)
57. ESC Guidelines for the management of grown-up congenital heart disease (new version 2010). Baumgartner H, Bonhoeffer P, De Groot NM, de Haan F, Deanfield JE, Galie N, Eur Heart J 2010 31 23 2915 2957 20801927
58. Novel measurement of relative aortic size predicts rupture of thoracic aortic aneurysms. Davies RR, Gallo A, Coady MA, Tellides G, Botta DM, Burke B, Ann Thorac Surg 2006 81 1 169 177 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2005.06.026 16368358 (Pubitemid 41815395)
59. Pregnancy and aortic root growth in the Marfan syndrome: a prospective study. Meijboom LJ, Vos FE, Timmermans J, Boers GH, Zwinderman AH, Mulder BJ, Eur Heart J 2005 26 9 914 920 10.1093/eurheartj/ehi103 15681576 (Pubitemid 40676572)
60. A technique for complete replacement of the ascending aorta. Bentall H, De Bono A, Thorax 1968 23 4 338 339 10.1136/thx.23.4.338 5664694
61. The evolution of aortic root surgery for Marfan syndrome. Treasure T, Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2010 10 3 353 355 10.1510/icvts.2010.232611 20118123
62. Elective replacement of the aortic root in Marfan's syndrome. Treasure T, Br Heart J 1993 69 2 101 103 10.1136/hrt.69.2.101 8435232 (Pubitemid 23056846)
63. Bentall operation with valved homograft conduit. Choudhary SK, Talwar S, Kumar AS, Tex Heart Inst J 2000 27 4 366 368 11198310 (Pubitemid 32096644)
64. Mechanism of closure of the aortic valve. Bellhouse BJ, Bellhouse FH, Nature 1968 217 5123 86 87 5635642
65. Deformational dynamics of the aortic root: modes and physiologic determinants. Dagum P, Green GR, Nistal FJ, Daughters GT, Timek TA, Foppiano LE, Circulation 1999 100 19 Suppl I54 II62 10567279
66. The mechanism of opening of the aortic valve. Thubrikar M, Bosher LP, Nolan SP, J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1979 77 6 863 870 439922 (Pubitemid 10208453)
67. Helical and retrograde secondary flow patterns in the aortic arch studied by three-directional magnetic resonance velocity mapping. Kilner PJ, Yang GZ, Mohiaddin RH, Firmin DN, Longmore DB, Circulation 1993 88 5 Pt 1 2235 2247 8222118 (Pubitemid 23326104)
68. Late results of a valve-preserving operation in patients with aneurysms of the ascending aorta and root. Yacoub MH, Gehle P, Chandrasekaran V, Birks EJ, Child A, Radley-Smith R, J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1998 115 5 1080 1090 10.1016/S0022-5223(98)70408-8 9605078 (Pubitemid 28224403)
69. Results of aortic valve-sparing operations. David TE, Armstrong S, Ivanov J, Feindel CM, Omran A, Webb G, J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2001 122 1 39 46 10.1067/mtc.2001.112935 11436035
70. Yacoub/David techniques for aortic root opeation: success and failures. Bechtel JFMSH, Hanke T, Charitos EI, Schmidtke C, Kraatz EG, Stierle U, Misfeld M, Aortic root surgery: the biological solution Germany: Springer, Yankah CAWY, Hetzer R, 2009
71. Valve-sparing aortic root replacement: current state of the art and where are we headed? Miller DC, Ann Thorac Surg 2007 83 2 736 S739 discussion S85-90 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2006.10.101 17257918 (Pubitemid 46135504)
72. Time-resolved three-dimensional magnetic resonance velocity mapping of aortic flow in healthy volunteers and patients after valve-sparing aortic root replacement. Markl M, Draney MT, Miller DC, Levin JM, Williamson EE, Pelc NJ, J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2005 130 2 456 463 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2004.08.056 16077413 (Pubitemid 41074178)
73. Surgical management of aortic root disease in Marfan syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Benedetto U, Melina G, Takkenberg JJ, Roscitano A, Angeloni E, Sinatra R, Heart 2011 97 12 955 958 10.1136/hrt.2010.210286 21228428
74. External Aortic Root Support in Marfan Syndrome. Excellence NIfHaC, Interventional Procedural Guidance NICE 2011 394 http://publications.nice.org. uk/external-aortic-root-support-in-marfan-syndrome-ipg394/guidance
75. Late rupture after dacron wrapping of aortic aneurysms. Dhillon JS, Randhawa GK, Straehley CJ, McNamara JJ, Circulation 1986 74 3 Pt 2 11 I14 2943535
76. External aortic root support for Marfan syndrome: early clinical results in the first 20 recipients with a bespoke implant. Pepper J, John Chan K, Gavino J, Golesworthy T, Mohiaddin R, Treasure T, J R Soc Med 2010 103 9 370 375 10.1258/jrsm.2010.100070 20807993
77. Aortic root surgery in Marfan syndrome. Treasure T, Pepper JR, Heart 2011 97 12 951 952 10.1136/hrt.2010.217240 21357638
78. Deployment of endograft in the ascending aorta to reverse type A aortic dissection. Wang ZG, Massimo CG, Li M, Pan SL, Zhang HK, Jing W, Asian J Surg 2003 26 2 117 119 10.1016/S1015-9584(09)60232-3 12732497 (Pubitemid 36735593)
79. Combined aortic surgery and implantation of a left ventricular assist device. Pasic M, Hummel M, Hetzer R, N Engl J Med 2002 346 9 711 10.1056/NEJM200202283460918 11870256 (Pubitemid 34815884)
80. Two-stage total cardioaortic replacement for end-stage heart and aortic disease in Marfan syndrome: case report and review of the literature. Rajagopal K, Rogers JG, Lodge AJ, Gaca JG, McCann RL, Milano CA, J Heart Lung Transplant 2009 28 9 958 963 10.1016/j.healun.2009.05.012 19716050
81. The expanding cardiovascular phenotype of Marfan syndrome. De Backer J, Eur J Echocardiogr 2009 10 2 213 215 19106173
82. Standardized cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) protocols, society for cardiovascular magnetic resonance: board of trustees task force on standardized protocols. Kramer CM, Barkhausen J, Flamm SD, Kim RJ, Nagel E, J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2008 10 35 10.1186/1532-429X-10-35 18605997
83. Society for cardiovascular magnetic resonance guidelines for reporting cardiovascular magnetic resonance examinations. Hundley WG, Bluemke D, Bogaert JG, Friedrich MG, Higgins CB, Lawson MA, J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2009 11 5 10.1186/1532-429X-11-5 19257889
84. Accuracy of transthoracic echocardiography for the measurement of the ascending aorta: comparison with transesophageal echocardiography. Kabirdas D, Scridon C, Brenes JC, Hernandez AV, Novaro GM, Asher CR, Clin Cardiol 2010 33 8 502 507 10.1002/clc.20807 20734448
85. Assessment of aortic stiffness in marfan syndrome using two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography. Kiotsekoglou A, Moggridge JC, Saha SK, Kapetanakis V, Govindan M, Alpendurada F, Echocardiography 2011 28 1 29 37 10.1111/j.1540-8175.2010.01241.x 21198821
86. The unravelling of primary myocardial impairment in Marfan syndrome by modern echocardiography. Kiotsekoglou A, Sutherland GR, Moggridge JC, Nassiri DK, Camm AJ, Child AH, Heart 2009 95 19 1561 1566 10.1136/hrt.2008.152934 19224905
87. Diagnostic accuracy of transesophageal echocardiography, helical computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging for suspected thoracic aortic dissection: systematic review and meta-analysis. Shiga T, Wajima Z, Apfel CC, Inoue T, Ohe Y, Arch Intern Med 2006 166 13 1350 1356 10.1001/archinte.166.13. 1350 16831999 (Pubitemid 44036346)
88. The international registry of acute aortic dissection (IRAD): new insights into an old disease. Hagan PG, Nienaber CA, Isselbacher EM, Bruckman D, Karavite DJ, Russman PL, JAMA 2000 283 7 897 903 10.1001/jama.283.7.897 10685714 (Pubitemid 30102130)
89. Aortic dissection: CT features that distinguish true lumen from false lumen. LePage MA, Quint LE, Sonnad SS, Deeb GM, Williams DM, AJR Am J Roentgenol 2001 177 1 207 211 10.2214/ajr.177.1.1770207 11418429 (Pubitemid 32578082)
90. Assessment of the thoracic aorta by multidetector computed tomography: age- and sex-specific reference values in adults without evident cardiovascular disease. Lin FY, Devereux RB, Roman MJ, Meng J, Jow VM, Jacobs A, J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr 2008 2 5 298 308 10.1016/j.jcct.2008.08.002 19083966
91. Pre- and postoperative imaging of the aortic root for valve-sparing aortic root repair (V-SARR). Fleischmann D, Liang DH, Mitchell RS, Miller DC, Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2008 20 4 365 373 10.1053/j.semtcvs.2008.11.009 19251178
92. Cardiac CT angiography for the diagnosis of mitral valve prolapse: comparison with echocardiography1. Feuchtner GM, Alkadhi H, Karlo C, Sarwar A, Meier A, Dichtl W, Radiology 2010 254 2 374 383 10.1148/radiol.2541090393 20093510
93. Imaging of Marfan syndrome: multisystemic manifestations. Ha HI, Seo JB, Lee SH, Kang JW, Goo HW, Lim TH, Radiographics 2007 27 4 989 1004 10.1148/rg.274065171 17620463
94. Low dose dual-source CT angiography of the thoracic aorta. Farrelly C, Davarpanah A, Keeling AN, Sheehan J, Ragin A, Yaghmai V, Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2011 27 7 1025 1034 10.1007/s10554-010-9742-9 21046253
95. Aortic root asymmetry in marfan patients; evaluation by magnetic resonance imaging and comparison with standard echocardiography. Meijboom LJ, Groenink M, van der Wall EE, Romkes H, Stoker J, Mulder BJ, Int J Card Imaging 2000 16 3 161 168 10.1023/A:1006429603062 11144769
96. Regional aortic compliance studied by magnetic resonance imaging: the effects of age, training, and coronary artery disease. Mohiaddin RH, Underwood SR, Bogren HG, Firmin DN, Klipstein RH, Rees RS, Br Heart J 1989 62 2 90 96 10.1136/hrt.62.2.90 2765331 (Pubitemid 19199408)
97. Automatic tracking of the aorta in cardiovascular MR images using deformable models. Rueckert D, Burger P, Forbat SM, Mohiaddin RD, Yang GZ, IEEE Trans Med Imaging 1997 16 5 581 590 10.1109/42.640747 9368113 (Pubitemid 127767636)
98. Age-related changes of human aortic flow wave velocity measured noninvasively by magnetic resonance imaging. Mohiaddin RH, Firmin DN, Longmore DB, J Appl Physiol 1993 74 1 492 497 8444734 (Pubitemid 23059787)
99. Aortic root measurement by cardiovascular magnetic resonance: specification of planes and lines of measurement and corresponding normal values. Burman ED, Keegan J, Kilner PJ, Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2008 1 2 104 113 10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.108.768911 19808527
100. Orthogonal measurement of thoracic aorta luminal diameter using ECG-gated high-resolution contrast-enhanced MR angiography. Bireley WR 2nd, Diniz LO, Groves EM, Dill K, Carroll TJ, Carr JC, J Magn Reson Imaging 2007 26 6 1480 1485 10.1002/jmri.21085 17968882 (Pubitemid 350291275)
101. Normal values for aortic diameters in children and adolescents-assessment in vivo by contrast-enhanced CMR-angiography. Kaiser T, Kellenberger CJ, Albisetti M, Bergstrasser E, Valsangiacomo Buechel ER, J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2008 10 56 10.1186/1532-429X-10-56 19061495
102. Non-contrast-enhanced MR angiography of the thoracic aorta using cardiac and navigator-gated magnetization-prepared three-dimensional steady-state free precession. Amano Y, Takahama K, Kumita S, J Magn Reson Imaging 2008 27 3 504 509 10.1002/jmri.21256 18307199 (Pubitemid 351354733)
103. Measuring aortic diameter with different MR techniques: comparison of three-dimensional (3D) navigated steady-state free-precession (SSFP), 3D contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (CE-MRA), 2D T2 black blood, and 2D cine SSFP. Potthast S, Mitsumori L, Stanescu LA, Richardson ML, Branch K, Dubinsky TJ, J Magn Reson Imaging 2010 31 1 177 184 10.1002/jmri.22016 20027585
104. Manufacturing and placing a bespoke support for the Marfan aortic root: description of the method and technical results and status at one year for the first ten patients. Pepper J, Golesworthy T, Utley M, Chan J, Ganeshalingam S, Lamperth M, Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2010 10 3 360 365 10.1510/icvts.2009.220319 20007995
105. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance characterization of mitral valve prolapse. Han Y, Peters DC, Salton CJ, Bzymek D, Nezafat R, Goddu B, JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2008 1 3 294 303 10.1016/j.jcmg.2008.01.013 19356441 (Pubitemid 351676841)
106. Late complications after prosthetic replacement of the ascending aorta: what did we learn from routine magnetic resonance imaging follow-up? Mesana TG, Caus T, Gaubert J, Collart F, Ayari R, Bartoli J, Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2000 18 3 313 320 10.1016/S1010-7940(00)00512-1 10973541 (Pubitemid 30628274)
107. Imaging the post-operative thoracic aorta: normal anatomy and pitfalls. Riley P, Rooney S, Bonser R, Guest P, Br J Radiol 2001 74 888 1150 1158 11777776 (Pubitemid 34071341)
108. Is close radiographic and clinical control after repair of acute type A aortic dissection really necessary for improved long-term survival? Albrecht F, Eckstein F, Matt P, Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2010 11 5 620 625 10.1510/icvts.2010.239764 20709702
109. Biophysical properties of the normal-sized aorta in patients with Marfan syndrome: evaluation with MR flow mapping. Groenink M, de Roos A, Mulder BJ, Verbeeten B Jr, Timmermans J, Zwinderman AH, Radiology 2001 219 2 535 540 11323484 (Pubitemid 32336374)
110. Aortic distensibility and stiffness index measured by magnetic resonance imaging in patients with Marfan's syndrome. Adams JN, Brooks M, Redpath TW, Smith FW, Dean J, Gray J, Br Heart J 1995 73 3 265 269 10.1136/hrt.73.3.265 7727188
111. Different patterns of aortic wall elasticity in patients with Marfan syndrome: a noninvasive follow-up study. Baumgartner D, Baumgartner C, Schermer E, Engl G, Schweigmann U, Matyas G, J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2006 132 4 811 819 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2006.07.001 17000292 (Pubitemid 44419575)
112. Automatic determination of aortic compliance with cine-magnetic resonance imaging: an application of fuzzy logic theory. Lalande A, Khau van Kien P, Salve N, Ben Salem D, Legrand L, Walker PM, Invest Radiol 2002 37 12 685 691 10.1097/00004424-200212000-00008 12447002 (Pubitemid 35429189)
113. The clinical significance of aortic compliance and its assessment with magnetic resonance imaging. Metafratzi ZM, Efremidis SC, Skopelitou AS, De Roos A, J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2002 4 4 481 491 12549235 (Pubitemid 36083959)
114. Measurement of aortic arch pulse wave velocity in cardiovascular MR: comparison of transit time estimators and description of a new approach. Dogui A, Redheuil A, Lefort M, DeCesare A, Kachenoura N, Herment A, J Magn Reson Imaging 2011 33 6 1321 1329 10.1002/jmri.22570 21591000
115. Improved aortic pulse wave velocity assessment from multislice two-directional in-plane velocity-encoded magnetic resonance imaging. Westenberg JJ, de Roos A, Grotenhuis HB, Steendijk P, Hendriksen D, van den Boogaard PJ, J Magn Reson Imaging 2010 32 5 1086 1094 10.1002/jmri.22359 21031512
116. Kroner ES VGR, Scholte AJ, van den Boogard PJ, Hendriksen D, Kroft LJ, Groenink M, Radonic T, Bax JJ, de Roos A, Reiber JH, Westenberg JJ, Accuracy of aortic pulse wave velcity assessment with velocity-encoded MRI: validation in patients with Marfan syndrome. SCMR/Euro CMR Joint Scientific Sessions France: Nice 2011 071
117. MRI-assessed regional pulse wave velocity for predicting absence of regional aorta luminal growth in marfan syndrome. Kroner ES, Scholte AJ, de Koning PJ, van den Boogaard PJ, Kroft LJ, van der Geest RJ, Int J Cardiol 2012
118. Aortic distensibility is a predictor for aortic events in patients with marfan syndrome, a 12 year-survival analysis. Witte PD RT, Laan K, Zwinderman AH, Mulder BJ, Groenink M, JACC 2010 50 10 0735 1097
119. Aortic stiffness and diameter predict progressive aortic dilatation in patients with Marfan syndrome. Nollen GJ, Groenink M, Tijssen JG, Van Der Wall EE, Mulder BJ, Eur Heart J 2004 25 13 1146 52 10.1016/j.ehj.2004.04.033 15231373 (Pubitemid 38834072)
120. Changes in aortic distensibility and pulse wave velocity assessed with magnetic resonance imaging following beta-blocker therapy in the Marfan syndrome. Groenink M, de Roos A, Mulder BJ, Spaan JA, van der Wall EE, Am J Cardiol 1998 82 2 203 8 10.1016/S0002-9149(98)00315-4 9678292 (Pubitemid 28337732)
121. Aortic pressure-area relation in Marfan patients with and without beta blocking agents: a new non-invasive approach. Nollen GJ, Westerhof BE, Groenink M, Osnabrugge A, van der Wall EE, Mulder BJ, Heart 2004 90 3 314 8 10.1136/hrt.2003.010702 14966057 (Pubitemid 38250729)
122. Magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of aortic elastic properties as early expression of Marfan syndrome. Fattori R, Bacchi Reggiani L, Pepe G, Napoli G, Bna C, Celletti F, J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2000 2 4 251 6 10.3109/10976640009148688 11545123 (Pubitemid 32048392)
123. Compliance of the normal-sized aorta in adolescents with Marfan syndrome: comparison of MR measurements of aortic distensibility and pulse wave velocity. RoFo. Eichhorn JG, Krissak R, Rudiger HJ, Ley S, Arnold R, Boese J, Fortschr Geb Rontgenstr Nuklearmed 2007 179 8 841 6 10.1055/s-2007-963192 (Pubitemid 47253536)
124. Westenberg JJ SA, Vaskova Z, Groenink M, van der Geest RJ, Labadie G, van den Boogaard PJ, Radonic TR, Hilhorst-Hofstee Y, Kroft LJ, de Roos A, Reiber JH, Relation between age and aortic wall compliance in the Marfan syndrome: evaulation with Velocity-Encoded MRI. SCMR Scientific Sessions Pheonix, AZ: BioMed Central 2010 9
125. Flow patterns in the aortic root and the aorta studied with time-resolved, 3-dimensional, phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging: implications for aortic valve-sparing surgery. Kvitting JP, Ebbers T, Wigstrom L, Engvall J, Olin CL, Bolger AF, J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2004 127 6 1602 7 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2003.10.042 15173713 (Pubitemid 38725437)
126. Magnetic resonance velocity vector mapping of blood flow in thoracic aortic aneurysms and grafts. Bogren HG, Mohiaddin RH, Yang GZ, Kilner PJ, Firmin DN, J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1995 110 3 704 14 10.1016/S0022-5223(95)70102-8 7564437
127. Flow-sensitive four-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging: flow patterns in ascending aortic aneurysms. Weigang E, Kari FA, Beyersdorf F, Luehr M, Etz CD, Frydrychowicz A, Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2008 34 1 11 6 10.1016/j.ejcts. 2008.03.047 18515137
128. In vivo three-dimensional MR wall shear stress estimation in ascending aortic dilatation. Bieging ET, Frydrychowicz A, Wentland A, Landgraf BR, Johnson KM, Wieben O, J Magn Reson Imaging 2011 33 3 589 97 10.1002/jmri.22485 21563242
129. 4D-Flow CMR Demonstrates the Regional Distribution of Aortic Flow Disturbance in Marfan Syndrome. Pitcher ACT, Suttie J, Francis JM, Leeson P, Blair E, Wordsworth BP, Forfar JC, Markl M, Neubauer SN, Petersen SE, Heart 2011 97 Suppl 1 62
130. Pitcher ACT, Suttie J, Francis JM, Leeson P, Blair E, Wordsworth BP, Forfar JC, Myerson SG, Markl M, Neubauer SN, Petersen SE, Visualisation of aortic flow disturbance in Marfan syndrome by 4D phase-contrast CMR. SCmR/Euro CMR Joint Scientific Sessions Nice, France: BioMed Central 2011 201
131. Camarda JA EM, Dholakia RJ, Wang H, Kwon S, LaDisa JF, Samyn MM, Biophysical properties of the aorta in patients with Marfan syndrome and related connective tissue disorders: evaluation with MRI and computational fluid dynamics modeling. SCMR/Euro CMR Joint Scientific Sessions Nice, France: BioMed Central 2011 219
132. 3D geometric reconstruction of thoracic aortic aneurysms. Borghi A, Wood NB, Mohiaddin RH, Xu XY, Biomed Eng Online 2006 5 59 10.1186/1475-925X-5-59 17081301 (Pubitemid 44742648)
133. Reproducibility of flow and wall shear stress analysis using flow-sensitive four-dimensional MRI. Markl M, Wallis W, Harloff A, J Magn Reson Imaging 2011 33 4 988 94 10.1002/jmri.22519 21448968
134. MR evaluation of dural ectasia in Marfan syndrome: reassessment of the established criteria in children, adolescents, and young adults. Habermann CR, Weiss F, Schoder V, Cramer MC, Kemper J, Wittkugel O, Radiology 2005 234 2 535 41 10.1148/radiol.2342031497 15616116 (Pubitemid 40139926)