메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 26, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 280-287

Preliminary Evidence for a Unique Role of Disgust-Based Conditioning in Posttraumatic Stress

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ANXIETY; ARTICLE; ASSOCIATION; CONDITIONING; EMOTION; FEAR; FEMALE; HUMAN; POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; QUESTIONNAIRE; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX; SEXUAL CRIME; VICTIM;

EID: 84876150937     PISSN: 08949867     EISSN: 15736598     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/jts.21796     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (19)

References (56)
  • 1
    • 0004235298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American Psychiatric Association. (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
    • American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
    • (1994) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders
  • 2
    • 0004235298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American Psychiatric Association. (4th ed., text rev.). Washington, DC: Author.
    • American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., text rev.). Washington, DC: Author.
    • (2000) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders
  • 3
    • 84867713629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship of sleep quality and PTSD to anxious reactivity from idiographic traumatic event script-driven imagery
    • doi: 10.1002/jts.21739
    • Babson, K. A., Badour, C. L., Feldner, M. T., & Bunaciu, L. (2012). The relationship of sleep quality and PTSD to anxious reactivity from idiographic traumatic event script-driven imagery. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 25, 503-510. doi: 10.1002/jts.21739.
    • (2012) Journal of Traumatic Stress , vol.25 , pp. 503-510
    • Babson, K.A.1    Badour, C.L.2    Feldner, M.T.3    Bunaciu, L.4
  • 4
    • 84860642382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Specificity of fear and disgust experienced during traumatic interpersonal victimization in predicting posttraumatic stress and contamination-based obsessive-compulsive symptoms
    • doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2012.03.001
    • Badour, C., Bown, S., Adams, T., Bunaciu, L., & Feldner, M. (2012). Specificity of fear and disgust experienced during traumatic interpersonal victimization in predicting posttraumatic stress and contamination-based obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 26, 590-598. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2012.03.001.
    • (2012) Journal of Anxiety Disorders , vol.26 , pp. 590-598
    • Badour, C.1    Bown, S.2    Adams, T.3    Bunaciu, L.4    Feldner, M.5
  • 5
    • 84860641617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential emotional responding to ideographic cues of traumatic interpersonal violence compared to non-interpersonal traumatic experiences
    • doi:10.5127/jep.014711
    • Badour, C., Feldner, M., Babson, K., Smith, R., Blumenthal, H., Trainor, C., Bunaciu, L., & Olatunji, B. (2011). Differential emotional responding to ideographic cues of traumatic interpersonal violence compared to non-interpersonal traumatic experiences. Journal of Experimental Psychopathology, 2, 400-417. doi:10.5127/jep.014711.
    • (2011) Journal of Experimental Psychopathology , vol.2 , pp. 400-417
    • Badour, C.1    Feldner, M.2    Babson, K.3    Smith, R.4    Blumenthal, H.5    Trainor, C.6    Bunaciu, L.7    Olatunji, B.8
  • 6
    • 84864710827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Specificity of peritraumatic fear in predicting anxious reactivity to a biological challenge among traumatic event-exposed adolescents
    • doi:10.1007/s10608-011-9380-0
    • Badour, C., Feldner, M., Blumenthal, H., Bujarski, S., Leen-Feldner, E., & Babson, K. (2012). Specificity of peritraumatic fear in predicting anxious reactivity to a biological challenge among traumatic event-exposed adolescents. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 36, 397-406. doi:10.1007/s10608-011-9380-0.
    • (2012) Cognitive Therapy and Research , vol.36 , pp. 397-406
    • Badour, C.1    Feldner, M.2    Blumenthal, H.3    Bujarski, S.4    Leen-Feldner, E.5    Babson, K.6
  • 7
    • 0000890345 scopus 로고
    • Avoiders versus amenders: Implications for the investigation of guilt and shame during toddlerhood
    • doi:10.1080/02699939308409201
    • Barrett, K., Zahn-Waxler, C., & Cole, P. (1993). Avoiders versus amenders: Implications for the investigation of guilt and shame during toddlerhood? Cognition and Emotion, 7, 481-505. doi:10.1080/02699939308409201.
    • (1993) Cognition and Emotion , vol.7 , pp. 481-505
    • Barrett, K.1    Zahn-Waxler, C.2    Cole, P.3
  • 9
    • 9444231106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychophysiology of posttraumatic stress disorder related to motor vehicle accidents: Replication and extension
    • doi:10.1037//0022-006X.64.4.742
    • Blanchard, E., Hickling, E., Buckley, T., Taylor, A., Vollmer, A., & Loos, W. (1996). Psychophysiology of posttraumatic stress disorder related to motor vehicle accidents: Replication and extension. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64, 742-751. doi:10.1037//0022-006X.64.4.742.
    • (1996) Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , vol.64 , pp. 742-751
    • Blanchard, E.1    Hickling, E.2    Buckley, T.3    Taylor, A.4    Vollmer, A.5    Loos, W.6
  • 10
    • 78751530820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The importance of the peritraumatic experience in defining traumatic stress
    • doi:10.1037/a0021353
    • Bovin, M., & Marx, B. (2011). The importance of the peritraumatic experience in defining traumatic stress. Psychological Bulletin, 137, 47-67. doi:10.1037/a0021353.
    • (2011) Psychological Bulletin , vol.137 , pp. 47-67
    • Bovin, M.1    Marx, B.2
  • 11
    • 0035499191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The stressor criterion in DSM-IV posttraumatic stress disorder: An empirical investigation
    • doi:10.1016/S0006-3223(01)01167-2
    • Breslau, N., & Kessler, R. (2001). The stressor criterion in DSM-IV posttraumatic stress disorder: An empirical investigation. Biological Psychiatry, 50, 699-704. doi:10.1016/S0006-3223(01)01167-2.
    • (2001) Biological Psychiatry , vol.50 , pp. 699-704
    • Breslau, N.1    Kessler, R.2
  • 12
    • 0033862287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fear, helplessness, and horror in posttraumatic stress disorder: Investigating DSM-IV criterion A2 in victims of violent crime
    • doi:10.1023/A:1007741526169
    • Brewin, C., Andrews, B., & Rose, S. (2000). Fear, helplessness, and horror in posttraumatic stress disorder: Investigating DSM-IV criterion A2 in victims of violent crime. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 13, 499-509. doi:10.1023/A:1007741526169.
    • (2000) Journal of Traumatic Stress , vol.13 , pp. 499-509
    • Brewin, C.1    Andrews, B.2    Rose, S.3
  • 14
    • 20344399860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychopathology following trauma: The role of subjective experience
    • doi:10.1016/j.jad.2005.01.015
    • Creamer, M., McFarlane, A., & Burgess, P. (2005). Psychopathology following trauma: The role of subjective experience. Journal of Affective Disorders, 86, 175-182. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2005.01.015.
    • (2005) Journal of Affective Disorders , vol.86 , pp. 175-182
    • Creamer, M.1    McFarlane, A.2    Burgess, P.3
  • 15
    • 4344595672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emotion-specific and emotion-non-specific components of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD): Implications for a taxonomy of related psychopathology
    • doi:10.1016/j.brat.2004.05.001
    • Dalgleish, T., & Power, M. (2004). Emotion-specific and emotion-non-specific components of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD): Implications for a taxonomy of related psychopathology. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 42, 1069-1088. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2004.05.001.
    • (2004) Behaviour Research and Therapy , vol.42 , pp. 1069-1088
    • Dalgleish, T.1    Power, M.2
  • 16
    • 78650240112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disgust and the development of posttraumatic stress among soldiers deployed to Afghanistan
    • doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.08.003
    • Engelhard, I., Olatunji, B., & de Jong, P. (2011). Disgust and the development of posttraumatic stress among soldiers deployed to Afghanistan. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 25, 58-63. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.08.003.
    • (2011) Journal of Anxiety Disorders , vol.25 , pp. 58-63
    • Engelhard, I.1    Olatunji, B.2    de Jong, P.3
  • 18
    • 0022611832 scopus 로고
    • Emotional processing of fear: Exposure to corrective information
    • doi:10.1037/0033-2909.99.1.20
    • Foa, E., & Kozak, M. (1986). Emotional processing of fear: Exposure to corrective information. Psychological Bulletin, 99, 20-35. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.99.1.20.
    • (1986) Psychological Bulletin , vol.99 , pp. 20-35
    • Foa, E.1    Kozak, M.2
  • 19
    • 0002428315 scopus 로고
    • The Graphic Rating Scale
    • doi:10.1037/h0074329
    • Freyd, M. (1923). The Graphic Rating Scale. Journal of Educational Psychology, 14(2), 83-102. doi:10.1037/h0074329.
    • (1923) Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.14 , Issue.2 , pp. 83-102
    • Freyd, M.1
  • 20
    • 69249165293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PTSD symptoms and dominant emotional response to a traumatic event: An examination of DSM-IV Criterion A2
    • doi:10.1080/10615800902818771
    • Hathaway, L., Boals, A., & Banks, J. (2010). PTSD symptoms and dominant emotional response to a traumatic event: An examination of DSM-IV Criterion A2. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping, 23, 119-126. doi:10.1080/10615800902818771.
    • (2010) Anxiety, Stress, & Coping , vol.23 , pp. 119-126
    • Hathaway, L.1    Boals, A.2    Banks, J.3
  • 21
    • 70949095633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beyond Baron and Kenny: Statistical mediation analysis in the new millennium
    • doi:10.1080/03637750903310360
    • Hayes, A. (2009). Beyond Baron and Kenny: Statistical mediation analysis in the new millennium. Communication Monographs, 76, 408-420. doi:10.1080/03637750903310360.
    • (2009) Communication Monographs , vol.76 , pp. 408-420
    • Hayes, A.1
  • 22
    • 85081457962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PROCESS: A versatile computational tool for observed variable mediation, moderation, and conditional process modeling [White paper]. Retrieved from
    • Hayes, A. (2012). PROCESS: A versatile computational tool for observed variable mediation, moderation, and conditional process modeling [White paper]. Retrieved from http://www.afhayes.com/public/process2012.pdf.
    • (2012)
    • Hayes, A.1
  • 23
    • 0002932678 scopus 로고
    • A behavioral formulation of posttraumatic stress disorder in Vietnam veterans
    • Keane, T., Zimering, R., & Caddell, J. (1985). A behavioral formulation of posttraumatic stress disorder in Vietnam veterans. The Behavior Therapist, 8, 9-12.
    • (1985) The Behavior Therapist , vol.8 , pp. 9-12
    • Keane, T.1    Zimering, R.2    Caddell, J.3
  • 24
    • 43049131122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How and why criteria defining moderators and mediators differ between the Baron & Kenny and MacArthur approaches
    • Kraemer, H., Kiernan, M., Essex, M., & Kupfer, D. (2008). How and why criteria defining moderators and mediators differ between the Baron & Kenny and MacArthur approaches. Health Psychology, 27, S101-S108.
    • (2008) Health Psychology , vol.27
    • Kraemer, H.1    Kiernan, M.2    Essex, M.3    Kupfer, D.4
  • 26
    • 0020804322 scopus 로고
    • Fear behavior, fear imagery, and the psychophysiology of emotion: The problem of affective response integration
    • doi:10.1037/0021-843X.92.3.276
    • Lang, P., Levin, D., Miller, G., & Kozak, M. (1983). Fear behavior, fear imagery, and the psychophysiology of emotion: The problem of affective response integration. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 92, 276-306. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.92.3.276.
    • (1983) Journal of Abnormal Psychology , vol.92 , pp. 276-306
    • Lang, P.1    Levin, D.2    Miller, G.3    Kozak, M.4
  • 27
    • 33749235011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of neuroimaging studies in PTSD: Heterogeneity of response to symptom provocation
    • doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2005.07.007
    • Lanius, R., Bluhm, R., Lanius, U., & Pain, C. (2006). A review of neuroimaging studies in PTSD: Heterogeneity of response to symptom provocation. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 40, 709-729. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2005.07.007.
    • (2006) Journal of Psychiatric Research , vol.40 , pp. 709-729
    • Lanius, R.1    Bluhm, R.2    Lanius, U.3    Pain, C.4
  • 28
    • 0037306543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recall of emotional states in posttraumatic stress disorder: An fMRI investigation
    • doi:10.1016/S0006-3223(02)01466-X
    • Lanius, R., Williamson, P., Hopper, J., Densmore, M., Boksman, K., Gupta, M., Menon, R. (2003). Recall of emotional states in posttraumatic stress disorder: An fMRI investigation. Biological Psychiatry, 53, 204-210. doi:10.1016/S0006-3223(02)01466-X.
    • (2003) Biological Psychiatry , vol.53 , pp. 204-210
    • Lanius, R.1    Williamson, P.2    Hopper, J.3    Densmore, M.4    Boksman, K.5    Gupta, M.6    Menon, R.7
  • 30
    • 3042811867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Confidence limits for the indirect effect: Distribution of the product and resampling methods
    • doi:10.1207/s15327906mbr3901_4
    • MacKinnon, D., Lockwood, C., & Williams, J. (2004). Confidence limits for the indirect effect: Distribution of the product and resampling methods. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 39, 99-128. doi:10.1207/s15327906mbr3901_4.
    • (2004) Multivariate Behavioral Research , vol.39 , pp. 99-128
    • MacKinnon, D.1    Lockwood, C.2    Williams, J.3
  • 32
    • 28444487404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treating disgust reactions in contamination-based obsessive-compulsive disorder
    • doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2005.09.005
    • McKay, D. (2006). Treating disgust reactions in contamination-based obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 37, 53-59. doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2005.09.005.
    • (2006) Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry , vol.37 , pp. 53-59
    • McKay, D.1
  • 33
    • 70349777301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender as a moderator of the relation between PTSD and disgust: A laboratory test employing individualized script-driven imagery
    • doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2009.07.012
    • Olatunji, B., Babson, K., Smith, R., Feldner, M., & Connolly, K. (2009). Gender as a moderator of the relation between PTSD and disgust: A laboratory test employing individualized script-driven imagery. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 23, 1091-1097. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2009.07.012.
    • (2009) Journal of Anxiety Disorders , vol.23 , pp. 1091-1097
    • Olatunji, B.1    Babson, K.2    Smith, R.3    Feldner, M.4    Connolly, K.5
  • 34
    • 29144447928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disgust: Characteristic features, social manifestations, and clinical implications
    • doi:10.1521/jscp.2005.24.7.932
    • Olatunji, B., & Sawchuk, C. (2005). Disgust: Characteristic features, social manifestations, and clinical implications. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 24, 932-962. doi:10.1521/jscp.2005.24.7.932.
    • (2005) Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology , vol.24 , pp. 932-962
    • Olatunji, B.1    Sawchuk, C.2
  • 35
    • 33947125585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Examination of the rate of decline in fear and disgust during exposure to threat-relevant stimuli in blood-injection-injury phobia
    • doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2006.05.001
    • Olatunji, B., Smits, J., Connolly, K., Willems, J., & Lohr, J. (2007). Examination of the rate of decline in fear and disgust during exposure to threat-relevant stimuli in blood-injection-injury phobia. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 21, 445-455. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2006.05.001.
    • (2007) Journal of Anxiety Disorders , vol.21 , pp. 445-455
    • Olatunji, B.1    Smits, J.2    Connolly, K.3    Willems, J.4    Lohr, J.5
  • 36
    • 67650117774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fear and disgust processing during repeated exposure to threat-relevant stimuli in spider phobia
    • doi:10.1016/j.brat.2009.04.012
    • Olatunji, B., Wolitzky-Taylor, K., Ciesielski, B., Armstrong, T., Etzel, E., & David, B. (2009). Fear and disgust processing during repeated exposure to threat-relevant stimuli in spider phobia. Behavior Research and Therapy, 47, 671-679. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2009.04.012.
    • (2009) Behavior Research and Therapy , vol.47 , pp. 671-679
    • Olatunji, B.1    Wolitzky-Taylor, K.2    Ciesielski, B.3    Armstrong, T.4    Etzel, E.5    David, B.6
  • 37
    • 0032427760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychophysiologic assessment of women with posttraumatic stress disorder resulting from childhood sexual abuse
    • doi:10.1037/0022-006X.66.6.906
    • Orr, S., Lasko, N., Metzger, L., Berry, N., Ahern, C., & Pitman, R. (1998). Psychophysiologic assessment of women with posttraumatic stress disorder resulting from childhood sexual abuse. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 66, 906-913. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.66.6.906.
    • (1998) Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , vol.66 , pp. 906-913
    • Orr, S.1    Lasko, N.2    Metzger, L.3    Berry, N.4    Ahern, C.5    Pitman, R.6
  • 38
    • 0034597933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychological assessment: Clinical applications for PTSD
    • doi:10.1016/S0165-0327(00)00340-2
    • Orr, S., & Roth, W. (2000). Psychological assessment: Clinical applications for PTSD. Journal of Affective Disorders, 61, 225-240. doi:10.1016/S0165-0327(00)00340-2.
    • (2000) Journal of Affective Disorders , vol.61 , pp. 225-240
    • Orr, S.1    Roth, W.2
  • 39
    • 0025219773 scopus 로고
    • Psychophysiologic responses to combat imagery of Vietnam veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder versus other anxiety disorders
    • doi:10.1037/0021-843X.99.1.49
    • Pitman, R., Orr, S., Forgue, D., Altman, B., de Jong, J., & Herz, L. (1990). Psychophysiologic responses to combat imagery of Vietnam veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder versus other anxiety disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 99, 49-54. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.99.1.49.
    • (1990) Journal of Abnormal Psychology , vol.99 , pp. 49-54
    • Pitman, R.1    Orr, S.2    Forgue, D.3    Altman, B.4    de Jong, J.5    Herz, L.6
  • 40
    • 0025219773 scopus 로고
    • Psychophysiologic assessment of posttraumatic stress disorder imagery in Vietnam combat veterans
    • doi:10.1037/0021-843X.99.1.49
    • Pitman, R., Orr, S., Forgue, D., de Jong, J., & Claiborn, J. (1987). Psychophysiologic assessment of posttraumatic stress disorder imagery in Vietnam combat veterans. Archives of General Psychiatry, 44, 970-975. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.99.1.49.
    • (1987) Archives of General Psychiatry , vol.44 , pp. 970-975
    • Pitman, R.1    Orr, S.2    Forgue, D.3    de Jong, J.4    Claiborn, J.5
  • 41
    • 74549179008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Posttraumatic stress disorder: Anxiety or traumatic stress disorder
    • doi:10.1002/jts.20437
    • Resick, P., & Miller, M. (2009). Posttraumatic stress disorder: Anxiety or traumatic stress disorder. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 22, 384-390. doi:10.1002/jts.20437.
    • (2009) Journal of Traumatic Stress , vol.22 , pp. 384-390
    • Resick, P.1    Miller, M.2
  • 42
    • 0026730990 scopus 로고
    • Cognitive processing therapy for sexual assault victims
    • doi:10.1037//0022-006X.60.5.748
    • Resick, P., & Schnicke, M. (1992). Cognitive processing therapy for sexual assault victims. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 60, 748-756. doi:10.1037//0022-006X.60.5.748.
    • (1992) Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , vol.60 , pp. 748-756
    • Resick, P.1    Schnicke, M.2
  • 43
    • 0031659506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emotional response at the time of a potentially traumatizing event and PTSD symptomatology: A preliminary retrospective analysis of the DSM-IV criterion A-2
    • doi:10.1016/S0005-7916(98)00007-X
    • Roemer, L., Orsillo, S., Borkovec, T., & Litz, B. (1998). Emotional response at the time of a potentially traumatizing event and PTSD symptomatology: A preliminary retrospective analysis of the DSM-IV criterion A-2. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 29, 123-130. doi:10.1016/S0005-7916(98)00007-X.
    • (1998) Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry , vol.29 , pp. 123-130
    • Roemer, L.1    Orsillo, S.2    Borkovec, T.3    Litz, B.4
  • 44
    • 0002611711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disgust
    • M. Lewis & J. Haviland-Jones (Eds.), 2nd ed. New York: Guilford Press.
    • Rozin, P., Haidt, J., & McCauley, C. (2000). Disgust. In M. Lewis & J. Haviland-Jones (Eds.), Handbook of emotions (2nd ed., pp. 637-653). New York: Guilford Press.
    • (2000) Handbook of emotions , pp. 637-653
    • Rozin, P.1    Haidt, J.2    McCauley, C.3
  • 45
    • 0036231031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The latent structure of posttraumatic stress disorder: A taxometric investigation of reactions to extreme stress
    • doi:10.1037//0021-843X.111.2.290
    • Ruscio, A., Ruscio, J., & Keane, T. (2002). The latent structure of posttraumatic stress disorder: A taxometric investigation of reactions to extreme stress. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 111, 290-301. doi:10.1037//0021-843X.111.2.290.
    • (2002) Journal of Abnormal Psychology , vol.111 , pp. 290-301
    • Ruscio, A.1    Ruscio, J.2    Keane, T.3
  • 46
    • 0008682539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trauma in the lives of older men: Findings from the Normative Aging Study
    • doi:10.1023/A:1015992110544
    • Schnurr, P., Spiro, A., III, Vielhauer, M., Findler, M., & Hamblen, J. (2002). Trauma in the lives of older men: Findings from the Normative Aging Study. Journal of Clinical Geropsychology, 8, 175-187. doi:10.1023/A:1015992110544.
    • (2002) Journal of Clinical Geropsychology , vol.8 , pp. 175-187
    • Schnurr, P.1    Spiro III, A.2    Vielhauer, M.3    Findler, M.4    Hamblen, J.5
  • 47
    • 0030892290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visual imagery and perception in posttraumatic stress disorder: A positron emission tomographic investigation
    • doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1997.01830150057010
    • Shin, L., Kosslyn, S., McNally, R., Alpert, N., Thompson, W., Rauch, S., Pitman, R. (1997). Visual imagery and perception in posttraumatic stress disorder: A positron emission tomographic investigation. Archives of General Psychiatry, 54, 233-241. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1997.01830150057010.
    • (1997) Archives of General Psychiatry , vol.54 , pp. 233-241
    • Shin, L.1    Kosslyn, S.2    McNally, R.3    Alpert, N.4    Thompson, W.5    Rauch, S.6    Pitman, R.7
  • 48
    • 0032946734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional cerebral blood flow during script-driven imagery in childhood sexual abuse-related PTSD: A PET investigation
    • Shin, L., McNally, R., Kosslyn, S., Thompson, W., Rauch, S., Alpert, N., Pitman, R. (1999). Regional cerebral blood flow during script-driven imagery in childhood sexual abuse-related PTSD: A PET investigation. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 156, 575-584.
    • (1999) The American Journal of Psychiatry , vol.156 , pp. 575-584
    • Shin, L.1    McNally, R.2    Kosslyn, S.3    Thompson, W.4    Rauch, S.5    Alpert, N.6    Pitman, R.7
  • 49
    • 9144262943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional cerebral blood flow in the amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex during traumatic imagery in male and female Vietnam veterans with PTSD
    • doi:10.1001/archpsyc.61.2.168
    • Shin, L., Orr, S., Carson, M., Rauch, S., Macklin, M., Lasko, N., Pitman, R. (2004). Regional cerebral blood flow in the amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex during traumatic imagery in male and female Vietnam veterans with PTSD. Archives of General Psychiatry, 61, 168-176. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.61.2.168.
    • (2004) Archives of General Psychiatry , vol.61 , pp. 168-176
    • Shin, L.1    Orr, S.2    Carson, M.3    Rauch, S.4    Macklin, M.5    Lasko, N.6    Pitman, R.7
  • 50
    • 84875514169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mediation in experimental and nonexperimental studies: New procedures and recommendations
    • doi:10.1037/1082-989X.7.4.422
    • Shrout, P., & Bolger, N. (2002). Mediation in experimental and nonexperimental studies: New procedures and recommendations. Psychological Methods, 7, 422-445. doi:10.1037/1082-989X.7.4.422.
    • (2002) Psychological Methods , vol.7 , pp. 422-445
    • Shrout, P.1    Bolger, N.2
  • 51
    • 0036837127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An examination of the decline in fear and disgust during exposure-based treatment
    • doi:10.1016/S0005-7967(01)00094-8
    • Smits, J., Telch, M., & Randall, P. (2002). An examination of the decline in fear and disgust during exposure-based treatment. Behaviour Research & Therapy, 40, 1243-1253. doi:10.1016/S0005-7967(01)00094-8.
    • (2002) Behaviour Research & Therapy , vol.40 , pp. 1243-1253
    • Smits, J.1    Telch, M.2    Randall, P.3
  • 52
    • 77951468621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex differences in trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder: A quantitative review of 25 years of research
    • doi:10.1037/1942-9681.S.1.37
    • Tolin, D., & Foa, E. (2008). Sex differences in trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder: A quantitative review of 25 years of research. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 1, 37-85. doi:10.1037/1942-9681.S.1.37.
    • (2008) Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy , vol.1 , pp. 37-85
    • Tolin, D.1    Foa, E.2
  • 53
    • 0035006807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale: A review of the first ten years of research
    • doi:10.1002/da.1029
    • Weathers, F., Keane, T., & Davidson, J. (2001). Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale: A review of the first ten years of research. Depression and Anxiety, 13, 132-156. doi:10.1002/da.1029.
    • (2001) Depression and Anxiety , vol.13 , pp. 132-156
    • Weathers, F.1    Keane, T.2    Davidson, J.3
  • 54
    • 0033037116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychometric properties of nine scoring rules for the Clinician-Administered Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Scale
    • doi:10.1037/1040-3590.11.2.124
    • Weathers, F., Ruscio, A., & Keane, T. (1999). Psychometric properties of nine scoring rules for the Clinician-Administered Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Scale. Psychological Assessment, 11, 124-133. doi:10.1037/1040-3590.11.2.124.
    • (1999) Psychological Assessment , vol.11 , pp. 124-133
    • Weathers, F.1    Ruscio, A.2    Keane, T.3
  • 55
    • 41149168270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resampling and distribution of the product methods for testing indirect effects in complex models
    • doi:10.1080/10705510701758166
    • Williams, J., & MacKinnon, D. (2008). Resampling and distribution of the product methods for testing indirect effects in complex models. Structural Equation Modeling, 15, 23-51. doi:10.1080/10705510701758166.
    • (2008) Structural Equation Modeling , vol.15 , pp. 23-51
    • Williams, J.1    MacKinnon, D.2
  • 56
    • 0000219324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intersection of disgust and fear: Normative and pathological views
    • doi:10.1093/clipsy.7.3.291
    • Woody, S., & Teachman, B. (2000). Intersection of disgust and fear: Normative and pathological views. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 7, 291-311. doi:10.1093/clipsy.7.3.291.
    • (2000) Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice , vol.7 , pp. 291-311
    • Woody, S.1    Teachman, B.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.