Adult and juvenile dermatomyositis: Are the distinct clinical features explained by our current understanding of serological subgroups and pathogenic mechanisms?

Arthritis Research and Therapy

Volumn 15, Issue 2, 2013, Pages

  Tansley, Sarah L ^a   McHugh, Neil J ^a   Wedderburn, Lucy R ^b  

^a ROYAL NATIONAL HOSPITAL FOR RHEUMATIC DISEASES   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMINOTRANSFERASE; AUTOANTIBODY; CORTICOSTEROID; CREATINE KINASE; FRUCTOSE BISPHOSPHATE ALDOLASE; HLA B ANTIGEN; HLA DQB1 ANTIGEN; HLA DRB1 ANTIGEN; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT; LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE; METHYLPREDNISOLONE; NUCLEAR MATRIX PROTEIN 2; NUCLEAR PROTEIN; SIGNAL RECOGNITION PARTICLE; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE; AUTOIMMUNITY; CALCINOSIS; CLINICAL FEATURE; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; DISEASE ACTIVITY; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DRUG MEGADOSE; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; FUNCTIONAL STATUS; GENE LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; GENETIC ASSOCIATION; GENETIC PREDISPOSITION; HEREDITY; HIGH RESOLUTION COMPUTER TOMOGRAPHY; HUMAN; IMMUNITY; INTERSTITIAL LUNG DISEASE; JUVENILE DERMATOMYOSITIS; MUSCLE FUNCTION; MYOSITIS; PAPULE; PARANEOPLASTIC SYNDROME; PATHOGENESIS; PHENOTYPE; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; REVIEW; SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM; SKIN ULCER; TREATMENT RESPONSE; ADULT; CHILD; COMPLICATION; DERMATOMYOSITIS; FEMALE; IMMUNOLOGY; MALE; PATHOLOGY;

ADULT; CHILD; DERMATOMYOSITIS; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE;

EID: 84876101120     PISSN: 14786354     EISSN: 14786362     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/ar4198     Document Type: Review

References (82)

1. Bendewald MJ. Incidence of dermatomyositis and clinically amyopathic dermatomyositisa population-based study in Olmsted County, Minnesota. Arch Dermatol 2010, 146:26. 10.1001/archdermatol.2009.328, 2886726, 20083689.
2. Symmons DP, Sills JA, Davis SM. The incidence of juvenile dermatomyositis: results from a nation-wide study. Br J Rheumatol 1995, 34:732-736. 10.1093/rheumatology/34.8.732, 7551657.
3. Mendez EP, Lipton R, Ramsey-Goldman R, Roettcher P, Bowyer S, Dyer A, Pachman LM, NIAMS Juvenile DM Registry Physician Referral Group US incidence of juvenile dermatomyositis, 1995-1998: Results from the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Registry. Arthritis Rheum 2003, 49:300-305. 10.1002/art.11122, 12794783, NIAMS Juvenile DM Registry Physician Referral Group.
4. McCann LJ, Juggins AD, Maillard SM, Wedderburn LR, Davidson JE, Murray KJ, Pilkington CA, Juvenile Dermatomyositis Research Group The Juvenile Dermatomyositis National Registry and Repository (UK and Ireland) - clinical characteristics of children recruited within the first 5 yr. Rheumatology 2006, 45:1255-1260. 10.1093/rheumatology/kel099, 16567354, Juvenile Dermatomyositis Research Group.
5. Ravelli A, Trail L, Ferrari C, Ruperto N, Pistorio A, Pilkington C, Maillard S, Oliveira SK, Sztajnbok F, Cuttica R, Beltramelli M, Corona F, Katsicas MM, Russo R, Ferriani V, Burgos-Vargas R, Magni-Manzoni S, Solis-Valleoj E, Bandeira M, Zulian F, Baca V, Cortis E, Falcini F, Alessio M, Alpigiani MG, Gerloni V, Saad-Magalhaes C, Podda R, Silva CA, Lepore L, et al. Long-term outcome and prognostic factors of juvenile dermatomyositis: A multinational, multicenter study of 490 patients. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2010, 62:63-72. 10.1002/acr.20015, 20191492.
6. Rider LG, Lachenbruch PA, Monroe JB, Ravelli A, Cabalar I, Feldman BM, Villalba ML, Myones BL, Pachman LM, Rennebohm RM, Reed AM, Miller FW, IMACS Group Damage extent and predictors in adult and juvenile dermatomyositis and polymyositis as determined with the myositis damage index. Arthritis Rheum 2009, 60:3425-3435. 10.1002/art.24904, 2793533, 19877055, IMACS Group.
7. Bowyer SL, Blane CE, Sullivan DB, Cassidy JT. Childhood dermatomyositis: factors predicting functional outcome and development of dystrophic calcification. J Pediatr 1983, 103:882-888. 10.1016/S0022-3476(83)80706-9, 6644423.
8. Ramanan AV, Campbell-Webster N, Ota S, Parker S, Tran D, Tyrrell PN, Cameron B, Spiegel L, Schneider R, Laxer RM, Silverman ED, Feldman BM. The effectiveness of treating juvenile dermatomyositis with methotrexate and aggressively tapered corticosteroids. Arthritis Rheum 2005, 52:3570-3578. 10.1002/art.21378, 16255046.
9. Fisler RE, Liang MG, Fuhlbrigge RC, Yalcindag A, Sundel RP. Aggressive management of juvenile dermatomyositis results in improved outcome and decreased incidence of calcinosis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2002, 47:505-511. 10.1067/mjd.2002.122196, 12271292.
10. Pachman LM, Hayford JR, Chung A, Daugherty CA, Pallansch MA, Fink CW, Gewanter HL, Jerath R, Lang BA, Sinacore J, Szer IS, Dyer AR, Hochberg MC. Juvenile dermatomyositis at diagnosis: clinical characteristics of 79 children. J Rheum 1998, 25:1198-1204.
11. Gerami P, Walling HW, Lewis J, Doughty L, Sontheimer RD. A systematic review of juvenile-onset clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis. Br J Dermatol 2007, 157:637-644. 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.08055.x, 17596148.
12. McCann LJ, Li CKC, Varsani H, Wedderburn LR, Pilkington CA. Failure to over express MHC-CLASS-1 on muscle biopsy in a case of amyopathic juvenile dermatomyositis. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2007, 25:96-98.
13. Callen JPJ. Relation between dermatomyositis and polymyositis and cancer. Lancet 2001, 357:85-86. 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)03535-2, 11197441.
14. Buchbinder R, Hill CL. Malignancy in patients with inflammatory myopathy. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2002, 4:415-426. 10.1007/s11926-002-0087-9, 12217247.
15. Hill CL, Zhang Y, Sigurgeirsson B, Pukkala E, Mellemkjaer L, Airio A, Evans SR, Felson DT. Frequency of specific cancer types in dermatomyositis and polymyositis: a population-based study. Lancet 2001, 357:96-100. 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)03540-6, 11197446.
16. Buchbinder R, Forbes A, Hall S, Dennett X, Giles G. Incidence of malignant disease in biopsy-proven inflammatory myopathy. A population-based cohort study. Ann Intern Med 2001, 134:1087-1095.
17. Morris P, Dare J. Juvenile dermatomyositis as a paraneoplastic phenomenon: an update. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2010, 32:189-191. 10.1097/MPH.0b013e3181bf29a2, 20057323.
18. Marie I, Hatron PY, Hachulla E, Wallaert B, Michon-Pasturel U, Devulder B. Pulmonary involvement in polymyositis and in dermatomyositis. J Rheum 1998, 25:1336-1343.
19. Kang EH, Lee EB, Shin KC, Im CH, Chung DH, Han SK, Song YW. Interstitial lung disease in patients with polymyositis, dermatomyositis and amyopathic dermatomyositis. Rheumatology 2005, 44:1282-1286. 10.1093/rheumatology/keh723, 15972351.
20. Fathi M, Lundberg IE. Interstitial lung disease in polymyositis and dermatomyositis. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2005, 17:701-706. 10.1097/01.bor.0000179949.65895.53, 16224246.
21. Marie I, Hachulla E, Chérin P, Dominique S, Hatron PY, Hellot MF, Devulder B, Herson S, Levesque H, Courtois H. Interstitial lung disease in polymyositis and dermatomyositis. Arthritis Rheum 2002, 47:614-622. 10.1002/art.10794, 12522835.
22. Cottin V, Thivolet-Béjui F, Reynaud-Gaubert M, Cadranel J, Delaval P, Ternamian PJ, Cordier JF, Groupe d'Etudes et de Recherche sur les Maladies "Orphelines" Pulmonaires Interstitial lung disease in amyopathic dermatomyositis, dermatomyositis and polymyositis. Eur Respir J 2003, 22:245-250. 10.1183/09031936.03.00026703, 12952255, Groupe d'Etudes et de Recherche sur les Maladies "Orphelines" Pulmonaires.
23. Sato S, Kuwana M. Clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2010, 22:639-643. 10.1097/BOR.0b013e32833f1987, 20827200.
24. Gutsche M, Rosen GD, Swigris JJ. Connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease: a review. Curr Respir Care Rep 2012, 1:224-232. 10.1007/s13665-012-0028-7, 23125954.
25. Richards TJ, Eggebeen A, Gibson K, Yousem S, Fuhrman C, Gochuico BR, Fertig N, Oddis CV, Kaminski N, Rosas IO, Ascherman DP. Characterization and peripheral blood biomarker assessment of anti-Jo-1 antibody-positive interstitial lung disease. Arthritis Rheum 2009, 60:2183-2192. 10.1002/art.24631, 2710404, 19565490.
26. Kalluri M, Sahn SA, Oddis CV, Gharib SL, Christopher-Stine L, Danoff SK, Casciola-Rosen L, Hong G, Dellaripa PF, Highland KB. Clinical profile of anti-PL-12 autoantibody: cohort study and review of the literature. Chest 2009, 135:1550-1556. 10.1378/chest.08-2233, 19225060.
27. Robinson AB, Reed AM. Clinical features, pathogenesis and treatment of juvenile and adult dermatomyositis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2011, 7:664-675. 10.1038/nrrheum.2011.139, 21947177.
28. Trapani S, Camiciottoli G, Vierucci A, Pistolesi M, Falcini F. Pulmonary involvement in juvenile dermatomyositis: a two-year longitudinal study. Rheumatology 2001, 40:216-220. 10.1093/rheumatology/40.2.216, 11257161.
29. Kobayashi I, Yamada M, Takahashi Y, Kawamura N, Okano M, Sakiyama Y, Kobayashi K. Interstitial lung disease associated with juvenile dermatomyositis: clinical features and efficacy of cyclosporin A. Rheumatology 2003, 42:371-374. 10.1093/rheumatology/keg040, 12595639.
30. Sanner H, Aalokken TM, Gran JT, Sjaastad I, Johansen B, Flato B. Pulmonary outcome in juvenile dermatomyositis: a case-control study. Ann Rheum Dis 2010, 70:86-91.
31. Huber AM, Feldman BM. Medium and long term functional outcomes in a mulitcenter cohort of children with juvenile dermatomyositis. Arthritis Rheum 2000, 43:541-549. 10.1002/1529-0131(200003)43:3<541::AID-ANR9>3.0.CO;2-T, 10728746.
32. Feldman BM, Rider LG, Reed AM, Pachman LM. Juvenile dermatomyositis and other idiopathic inflammatory myopathies of childhood. Lancet 2008, 371:2201-2212. 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60955-1, 18586175.
33. Pachman LM, Liotta-Davis MR, Hong DK, Kinsella TR, Mendez EP, Kinder JM, Chen EH. TNF alpha-308A allele in juvenile dermatomyositis: association with increased production of tumor necrosis factor alpha, disease duration, and pathologic calcifications. Arthritis Rheum 2000, 43:2368-2377. 10.1002/1529-0131(200010)43:10<2368::AID-ANR26>3.0.CO;2-8, 11037898.
34. Balin SJ, Wetter DA, Andersen LK, Davis MDP. Calcinosis cutis occurring in association with autoimmune connective tissue disease: the Mayo Clinic Experience with 78 patients, 1996-2009. Arch Dermatol 2012, 148:455-462. 10.1001/archdermatol.2011.2052, 22184719.
35. Lowry CA, Pilkington CA. Juvenile dermatomyositis: extramuscular manifestations and their management. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2009, 21:575-580. 10.1097/BOR.0b013e328331927e, 19730375.
36. Martin N, Krol P, Smith S, Beard L, Pilkington CA, Davidson J, Wedderburn LR, Juvenile Dermatomyositis Research Group (JDRG) A comparison of children with onset of juvenile dermatomyositis symptoms before or after their fifth birthday in the UK and Ireland JDM Cohort study. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2012, 64:1665-1672. 3533762, 22674907, Juvenile Dermatomyositis Research Group (JDRG).
37. Li CK, Knopp P, Moncrieffe H, Singh B, Shah S, Nagaraju K, Varsani H, Gao B, Wedderburn LR. Overexpression of MHC class I heavy chain protein in young skeletal muscle leads to severe myositis: implications for juvenile myositis. Am J Pathol 2009, 175:1030-1040. 10.2353/ajpath.2009.090196, 2731122, 19700752.
38. Gibson MC, Schultz E. Age-related differences in absolute numbers of skeletal muscle satellite cells. Muscle Nerve 1983, 6:574-580. 10.1002/mus.880060807, 6646160.
39. Gunawardena H, Betteridge ZE, McHugh NJ. Myositis-specific autoantibodies: their clinical and pathogenic significance in disease expression. Rheumatology 2009, 48:607-612. 10.1093/rheumatology/kep078, 19439503.
40. Hoshino K, Muro Y, Sugiura K, Tomita Y, Nakashima R, Mimori T. Anti-MDA5 and anti-TIF1-antibodies have clinical significance for patients with dermatomyositis. Rheumatology 2010, 49:1726-1733. 10.1093/rheumatology/keq153, 20501546.
41. Matsushita T, Hasegawa M, Fujimoto M, Hamaguchi Y, Komura K, Hirano T, Horikawa M, Kondo M, Orito H, Kaji K, Saito Y, Matsushita Y, Kawara S, Yasui M, Seishima M, Ozaki S, Kuwana M, Ogawa F, Sato S, Takehara K. Clinical evaluation of anti-aminoacyl tRNA synthetase antibodies in Japanese patients with dermatomyositis. J Rheum 2007, 34:1012-1018.
42. Hervier B, Wallaert B, Hachulla E, Adoue D, Lauque D, Audrain M, Camara B, Fournie B, Couret B, Hatron PY, Dubucquoi S, Hamidou M. Clinical manifestations of anti-synthetase syndrome positive for anti-alanyl-tRNA synthetase (anti-PL12) antibodies: a retrospective study of 17 cases. Rheumatology 2010, 49:972-976. 10.1093/rheumatology/kep455, 20156976.
43. Rider LG, Miller FW, Targoff IN, Sherry DD, Samayoa E, Lindahl M, Wener MH, Pachman LM, Plotz PH. A broadened spectrum of juvenile myositis. Myositis-specific autoantibodies in children. Arthritis Rheum 1994, 37:1534-1538. 10.1002/art.1780371019, 7945480.
44. Wedderburn LR, McHugh NJ, Chinoy H, Cooper RG, Salway F, Ollier WE, McCann LJ, Varsani H, Dunphy J, North J, Davidson JE, Juvenile Dermatomyositis Research Group (JDRG) HLA class II haplotype and autoantibody associations in children with juvenile dermatomyositis and juvenile dermatomyositis scleroderma overlap. Rheumatology 2007, 46:1786-1791. 10.1093/rheumatology/kem265, 18003662, Juvenile Dermatomyositis Research Group (JDRG).
45. Targoff IN, Reichlin M. The association between Mi-2 antibodies and dermatomyositis. Arthritis Rheum 1985, 28:796-803. 10.1002/art.1780280711, 2409985.
46. Feldman BM, Reichlin M, Laxer RM, Targoff IN, Stein LD, Silverman ED. Clinical significance of specific autoantibodies in juvenile dermatomyositis. J Rheum 1996, 23:1794-1797.
47. Fujimoto M, Hamaguchi Y, Kaji K, Matsushita T, Ichimura Y, Kodera M, Ishiguro N, Ueda-Hayakawa I, Asano Y, Ogawa F, Fujikawa K, Miyagi T, Mabuchi E, Hirose K, Akimoto N, Hatta N, Tsutsui K, Higashi A, Igarashi A, Seishima M, Hasegawa M, Takehara K. Myositis-specific anti-155/140 autoantibodies target transcription intermediary factor 1 family proteins. Arthritis Rheum 2012, 64:513-522. 10.1002/art.33403, 21987216.
48. Targoff IN, Mamyrova G, Trieu EP, Perurena O, Koneru B, O'Hanlon TP, Miller FW, Rider LG, , Childhood Myositis Heterogeneity Study Group, International Myositis Collaborative Study Group A novel autoantibody to a 155-kd protein is associated with dermatomyositis. Arthritis Rheum 2006, 54:3682-3689. 10.1002/art.22164, 17075819, Childhood Myositis Heterogeneity Study Group, International Myositis Collaborative Study Group.
49. Kaji K, Fujimoto M, Hasegawa M, Kondo M, Saito Y, Komura K, Matsushita T, Orito H, Hamaguchi Y, Yanaba K, Itoh M, Asano Y, Seishima M, Ogawa F, Sato S, Takehara K. Identification of a novel autoantibody reactive with 155 and 140 kDa nuclear proteins in patients with dermatomyositis: an association with malignancy. Rheumatology 2007, 46:25-28. 10.1093/rheumatology/kel161, 16728436.
50. Gunawardena H, Wedderburn LR, North J, Betteridge Z, Dunphy J, Chinoy H, Davidson JE, Cooper RG, McHugh NJ, Juvenile Dermatomyositis Research Group UK Clinical associations of autoantibodies to a p155/140 kDa doublet protein in juvenile dermatomyositis. Rheumatology 2008, 47:324-328. 10.1093/rheumatology/kem359, 18238791, Juvenile Dermatomyositis Research Group UK.
51. Bingham A, Mamyrova G, Rother KI, Oral E, Cochran E, Premkumar A, Kleiner D, James-Newton L, Targoff IN, Pandey JP, Carrick DM, Sebring N, O'Hanlon TP, Ruiz-Hidalgo M, Turner M, Gordon LB, Laborda J, Bauer SR, Blackshear PJ, Imundo L, Miller FW, Rider LG, Childhood Myositis Heterogeneity Study Group Predictors of acquired lipodystrophy in juvenile-onset dermatomyositis and a gradient of severity. Medicine 2008, 87:70-86. 10.1097/MD.0b013e31816bc604, 2674585, 18344805, Childhood Myositis Heterogeneity Study Group.
52. Espada G, Maldonado Cocco J, Fertig N, Oddis CV. Clinical and serologic characterization of an Argentine pediatric myositis cohort: identification of a novel autoantibody (anti-MJ) to a 142-kDa protein. J Rheum 2009, 36:2547-2551. 10.3899/jrheum.090461, 19833756.
53. Gunawardena H, Wedderburn LR, Chinoy H, Betteridge ZE, North J, Ollier WE, Cooper RG, Oddis CV, Ramanan AV, Davidson JE, McHugh NJ, , Juvenile Dermatomyositis Research Group, UK and Ireland Autoantibodies to a 140-kd protein in juvenile dermatomyositis are associated with calcinosis. Arthritis Rheum 2009, 60:1807-1814. 10.1002/art.24547, 2701555, 19479859, Juvenile Dermatomyositis Research Group, UK and Ireland.
54. Ichimura Y, Matsushita T, Hamaguchi Y, Kaji K, Hasegawa M, Tanino Y, Inokoshi Y, Kawai K, Kanekura T, Habuchi M, Igarashi A, Sogame R, Hashimoto T, Koga T, Nishino A, Ishiguro N, Sugimoto N, Aoki R, Ando N, Abe T, Kanda T, Kuwana M, Takehara K, Fujimoto M. Anti-NXP2 autoantibodies in adult patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: possible association with malignancy. Ann Rheum Dis 2012, 71:710-713. 10.1136/annrheumdis-2011-200697, 22258483.
55. Ceribelli A, Fredi M, Taraborelli M, Cavazzana I, Franceschini F, Quinzanini M, Tincani A, Ross SJ, Chan JY, Pauley BA, Chan EK, Satoh M. Anti-MJ/NXP-2 autoantibody specificity in a cohort of adult Italian patients with polymyositis/dermatomyositis. Arthritis Res Ther 2012, 14:R97. 10.1186/ar3822, 3446471, 22546500.
56. Sato S, Hoshino K, Satoh T, Fujita T, Kawakami Y, Fujita T, Kuwana M. RNA helicase encoded by melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 is a major autoantigen in patients with clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis: Association with rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease. Arthritis Rheum 2009, 60:2193-2200. 10.1002/art.24621, 19565506.
57. Nakashima R, Imura Y, Kobayashi S, Yukawa N, Yoshifuji H, Nojima T, Kawabata D, Ohmura K, Usui T, Fujii T, Okawa K, Mimori T. The RIG-I-like receptor IFIH1/ MDA5 is a dermatomyositis-specific autoantigen identified by the anti-CADM-140 antibody. Rheumatology 2010, 49:433-440. 10.1093/rheumatology/kep375, 20015976.
58. Fiorentino D, Chung L, Zwerner J, Rosen A, Casciola-Rosen L. The mucocutaneous and systemic phenotype of dermatomyositis patients with antibodies to MDA5 (CADM-140): A retrospective study. J Am Acad Dermatol 2011, 65:25-34. 10.1016/j.jaad.2010.09.016, 3167687, 21531040.
59. Gono T, Sato S, Kawaguchi Y, Kuwana M, Hanaoka M, Katsumata Y, Takagi K, Baba S, Okamoto Y, Ota Y, Yamanaka H. Anti-MDA5 antibody, ferritin and IL-18 are useful for the evaluation of response to treatment in interstitial lung disease with anti-MDA5 antibody-positive dermatomyositis. Rheumatology 2012, 51:1563-1570. 10.1093/rheumatology/kes102, 22589330.
60. Koga T, Fujikawa K, Horai Y, Okada A, Kawashiri SY, Iwamoto N, Suzuki T, Nakashima Y, Tamai M, Arima K, Yamasaki S, Nakamura H, Origuchi T, Hamaguchi Y, Fujimoto M, Ishimatsu Y, Mukae H, Kuwana M, Kohno S, Eguchi K, Aoyagi K, Kawakami A. The diagnostic utility of anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 antibody testing for predicting the prognosis of Japanese patients with DM. Rheumatology 2012, 51:1278-1284. 10.1093/rheumatology/ker518, 22378718.
61. Tanizawa K, Handa T, Nakashima R, Kubo T, Hosono Y, Watanabe K, Aihara K, Oga T, Chin K, Nagai S, Mimori T, Mishima M. HRCT features of interstitial lung disease in dermatomyositis with anti-CADM-140 antibody. Respir Med 2011, 105:1380-1387. 10.1016/j.rmed.2011.05.006, 21632230.
62. Kobayashi I, Okura Y, Yamada M, Kawamura N, Kuwana M, Ariga T. Antimelanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 antibody is a diagnostic and predictive marker for interstitial lung diseases associated with juvenile dermatomyositis. J Pediatr 2011, 158:675-677. 10.1016/j.jpeds.2010.11.033, 21232756.
63. Betteridge ZE, Gunawardena H, Chinoy H, North J, Ollier WE, Cooper RG, McHugh NJ, UK Adult Onset Myositis Immunogenetic Collaboration Clinical and human leucocyte antigen class II haplotype associations of autoantibodies to small ubiquitin-like modifier enzyme, a dermatomyositis-specific autoantigen target, in UK Caucasian adult-onset myositis. Ann Rheum Dis 2009, 68:1621-1625. 10.1136/ard.2008.097162, 18930994, UK Adult Onset Myositis Immunogenetic Collaboration.
64. Targoff IN, Johnson AE, Miller FW. Antibody to signal recognition particle in polymyositis. Arthritis Rheum 1990, 33:1361-1370. 10.1002/art.1780330908, 2403400.
65. Hengstman GJ, ter Laak HJ, Vree Egberts WT, Lundberg IE, Moutsopoulos HM, Vencovsky J, Doria A, Mosca M, van Venrooij WJ, van Engelen BG. Anti-signal recognition particle autoantibodies: marker of a necrotising myopathy. Ann Rheum Dis 2006, 65:1635-1638. 10.1136/ard.2006.052191, 1798474, 16679430.
66. Rouster-Stevens KA, Pachman LM. Autoantibody to signal recognition particle in African American girls with juvenile polymyositis. J Rheum 2008, 35:927-929.
67. Casciola-Rosen L. Enhanced autoantigen expression in regenerating muscle cells in idiopathic inflammatory myopathy. J Exp Med 2005, 201:591-601. 10.1084/jem.20041367, 2213068, 15728237.
68. Dupont S, Mamidi A, Cordenonsi M, Montagner M, Zacchigna L, Adorno M, Martello G, Stinchfield MJ, Soligo S, Morsut L, Inui M, Moro S, Modena N, Argenton F, Newfeld SJ, Piccolo S. FAM/USP9x, a deubiquitinating enzyme essential for TGFbeta signaling, controls Smad4 monoubiquitination. Cell 2009, 136:123-135. 10.1016/j.cell.2008.10.051, 19135894.
69. Takahashi K, Yoshida N, Murakami N, Kawata K, Ishizaki H, Tanaka-Okamoto M, Miyoshi J, Zinn AR, Shime H, Inoue N. Dynamic regulation of p53 subnuclear localization and senescence by MORC3. Mol Biol Cell 2007, 18:1701-1709. 10.1091/mbc.E06-08-0747, 1855011, 17332504.
70. Bowles NE, Dubowitz V, Sewry CA, Archard LC. Dermatomyositis, polymyositis, and Coxsackie-B-virus infection. Lancet 1987, 1:1004-1007.
71. Topi GC, D'Alessandro L, Catricala C, Zardi O. Dermatomyositis-like syndrome due to toxoplasma. Br J Dermatol 1979, 101:589-591. 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1979.tb11891.x, 518829.
72. Mamyrova G, Rider LG, Haagenson L, Wong S, Brown KE. Parvovirus B19 and onset of juvenile dermatomyositis. JAMA 2005, 294:2170-2171. 10.1001/jama.294.17.2170, 16264157.
73. Reed AM, Ytterberg SR. Genetic and environmental risk factors for idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2002, 28:891-916. 10.1016/S0889-857X(02)00029-7, 12506777.
74. Leff RL, Burgess SH, Miller FW, Love LA, Targoff IN, Dalakas MC, Joffe MM, Plotz PH. Distinct seasonal patterns in the onset of adult idiopathic inflammatory myopathy in patients with anti-Jo-1 and anti-signal recognition particle autoantibodies. Arthritis Rheum 1991, 34:1391-1396.
75. Sarkar K, Weinberg CR, Oddis CV, Medsger TA, Plotz PH, Reveille JD, Arnett FC, Targoff IN, Genth E, Love LA, Miller FW. Seasonal influence on the onset of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies in serologically defined groups. Arthritis Rheum 2005, 52:2433-2438. 10.1002/art.21198, 16052581.
76. Okada S, Weatherhead E, Targoff IN, Wesley R, Miller FW, the International Myositis Collaborative Study Group Global surface ultraviolet radiation intensity may modulate the clinical and immunologic expression of autoimmune muscle disease. Arthritis Rheum 2003, 48:2285-2293. 10.1002/art.11090, 12905483, the International Myositis Collaborative Study Group.
77. Vegosen LJ, Weinberg CR, O'Hanlon TP, Targoff IN, Miller FW, Rider LG. Seasonal birth patterns in myositis subgroups suggest an etiologic role of early environmental exposures. Arthritis Rheum 2007, 56:2719-2728. 10.1002/art.22751, 2151046, 17665425.
78. Muro Y, Sugiura K, Hoshino K, Akiyama M, Tamakoshi K. Epidemiologic study of clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis and anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 antibodies in central Japan. Arthritis Res Ther 2011, 13:R214. 10.1186/ar3547, 3334667, 22192091.
79. Kato H, Takeuchi O, Sato S, Yoneyama M, Yamamoto M, Matsui K, Uematsu S, Jung A, Kawai T, Ishii KJ, Yamaguchi O, Otsu K, Tsujimura T, Koh CS, Reis e Sousa C, Matsuura Y, Fujita T, Akira S. Differential roles of MDA5 and RIG-I helicases in the recognition of RNA viruses. Nature 2006, 441:101-105. 10.1038/nature04734, 16625202.
80. Tatsuta T, Imaizumi T, Shimoyama T, Sawaya M, Kunikazu T, Matsumiya T, Yoshida H, Satoh K, Fukuda S. Expression of melanoma differentiation associated gene 5 is increased in human gastric mucosa infected with Helicobacter pylori. J Clin Pathol 2012, 65:839-843. 10.1136/jclinpath-2011-200590, 22461656.
81. Chinoy H, Li CK, Platt H, Fertig N, Varsani H, Gunawardena H, Betteridge Z, Oddis CV, McHugh NJ, Wedderburn LR, Ollier WE, Cooper RG, UK Adult Onset Myositis Immunogenetic Consortium and UK Juvenile Dermatomyositis Research Group Genetic association study of NF-B genes in UK Caucasian adult and juvenile onset idiopathic inflammatory myopathy. Rheumatology 2012, 51:794-799. 10.1093/rheumatology/ker379, 22210660, UK Adult Onset Myositis Immunogenetic Consortium and UK Juvenile Dermatomyositis Research Group.
82. Niewold TB, Wu SC, Smith M, Morgan GA, Pachman LM. Familial aggregation of autoimmune disease in juvenile dermatomyositis. Pediatrics 2011, 127:e1239-1246. 10.1542/peds.2010-3022, 3081190, 21502224.