메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 53, Issue 6, 2012, Pages 507-516

Wernicke-Korsakoff-Syndrome: Under-Recognized and Under-Treated

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COCARBOXYLASE; MYELIN; PENTOSE PHOSPHATE; PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE; THIAMINE; THIAMINE PYROPHOSPHOKINASE;

EID: 84875774545     PISSN: 00333182     EISSN: 15457206     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.psym.2012.04.008     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (177)

References (82)
  • 2
    • 0019824509 scopus 로고
    • Cerebral disorder in alcoholism: syndromes of impairment
    • Lishman W.A. Cerebral disorder in alcoholism: syndromes of impairment. Brain 1981, 104(Pt 1):1-20.
    • (1981) Brain , vol.104 , Issue.PART 1 , pp. 1-20
    • Lishman, W.A.1
  • 3
    • 0032085775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On cerebral beriberi (Wernicke's encephalopathy)
    • Lishman W.A. On cerebral beriberi (Wernicke's encephalopathy). J Psychosom Res 1998, 44(6):631-632.
    • (1998) J Psychosom Res , vol.44 , Issue.6 , pp. 631-632
    • Lishman, W.A.1
  • 4
    • 0002705502 scopus 로고
    • Cerebral beriberi (Wernicke's encephalopathy): review of 52 cases in a singapore prisoner-of-war hospital
    • de Wardener H.E., Lennox B. Cerebral beriberi (Wernicke's encephalopathy): review of 52 cases in a singapore prisoner-of-war hospital. Lancet 1947, 1(6436):11-17.
    • (1947) Lancet , vol.1 , Issue.6436 , pp. 11-17
    • de Wardener, H.E.1    Lennox, B.2
  • 5
    • 77049269377 scopus 로고
    • Relationship between the Wernicke and the Korsakoff syndrome; a clinicopathologic study of 70 cases
    • Malamud N., Skillicorn S.A. Relationship between the Wernicke and the Korsakoff syndrome; a clinicopathologic study of 70 cases. AMA Arch Neurol Psychiatry 1956, 76(6):585-596.
    • (1956) AMA Arch Neurol Psychiatry , vol.76 , Issue.6 , pp. 585-596
    • Malamud, N.1    Skillicorn, S.A.2
  • 6
    • 0032103943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome in australia: has thiamine fortification made a difference?
    • Harper C.G., Sheedy D.L., Lara A.I., Garrick T.M., Hilton J.M., Raisanen J. Prevalence of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome in australia: has thiamine fortification made a difference?. Med J Aust 1998, 168(11):542-545.
    • (1998) Med J Aust , vol.168 , Issue.11 , pp. 542-545
    • Harper, C.G.1    Sheedy, D.L.2    Lara, A.I.3    Garrick, T.M.4    Hilton, J.M.5    Raisanen, J.6
  • 7
    • 0020577518 scopus 로고
    • The incidence of Wernicke's encephalopathy in Australia-a neuropathological study of 131 cases
    • Harper C. The incidence of Wernicke's encephalopathy in Australia-a neuropathological study of 131 cases. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1983, 46(7):593-598.
    • (1983) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.46 , Issue.7 , pp. 593-598
    • Harper, C.1
  • 8
    • 67549107513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rare and unusual or are they?. Less commonly diagnosed encephalopathies associated with systemic disease
    • Weathers A.L., Lewis S.L. Rare and unusual or are they?. Less commonly diagnosed encephalopathies associated with systemic disease. Semin Neurol 2009, 29(2):136-153.
    • (2009) Semin Neurol , vol.29 , Issue.2 , pp. 136-153
    • Weathers, A.L.1    Lewis, S.L.2
  • 9
    • 36048968599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myths and misconceptions of Wernicke's encephalopathy: what every emergency physician should know
    • Donnino M.W., Vega J., Miller J., Walsh M. Myths and misconceptions of Wernicke's encephalopathy: what every emergency physician should know. Ann Emerg Med 2007, 50(6):715-721.
    • (2007) Ann Emerg Med , vol.50 , Issue.6 , pp. 715-721
    • Donnino, M.W.1    Vega, J.2    Miller, J.3    Walsh, M.4
  • 10
    • 0026379118 scopus 로고
    • Wernicke's encephalopathy-prevalence and clinical spectrum
    • Torvik A. Wernicke's encephalopathy-prevalence and clinical spectrum. Alcohol Alcohol 1991, 1(Suppl):381-384.
    • (1991) Alcohol Alcohol , vol.1 , Issue.SUPPL , pp. 381-384
    • Torvik, A.1
  • 11
    • 0019903774 scopus 로고
    • Brain lesions in alcoholics. A neuropathological study with clinical correlations
    • Torvik A., Lindboe C.F., Rogde S. Brain lesions in alcoholics. A neuropathological study with clinical correlations. J Neurol Sci 1982, 56(2-3):233-248.
    • (1982) J Neurol Sci , vol.56 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 233-248
    • Torvik, A.1    Lindboe, C.F.2    Rogde, S.3
  • 12
    • 0027027315 scopus 로고
    • Wernicke's encephalopathy: occurrence and pathological aspects in a series of 400 AIDS patients
    • Boldorini R., Vago L., Lechi A., Tedeschi F., Trabattoni G.R. Wernicke's encephalopathy: occurrence and pathological aspects in a series of 400 AIDS patients. Acta Biomed Ateneo Parmense 1992, 63(1-2):43-49.
    • (1992) Acta Biomed Ateneo Parmense , vol.63 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 43-49
    • Boldorini, R.1    Vago, L.2    Lechi, A.3    Tedeschi, F.4    Trabattoni, G.R.5
  • 14
    • 33644639278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wernicke's encephalopathy after gastric bypass that masqueraded as acute psychosis: a case report
    • Worden R.W., Allen H.M. Wernicke's encephalopathy after gastric bypass that masqueraded as acute psychosis: a case report. Curr Surg 2006, 63(2):114-116.
    • (2006) Curr Surg , vol.63 , Issue.2 , pp. 114-116
    • Worden, R.W.1    Allen, H.M.2
  • 16
    • 56149101885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wernicke encephalopathy after bariatric surgery: a systematic review
    • Aasheim E.T. Wernicke encephalopathy after bariatric surgery: a systematic review. Ann Surg 2008, 248(5):714-720.
    • (2008) Ann Surg , vol.248 , Issue.5 , pp. 714-720
    • Aasheim, E.T.1
  • 17
    • 33645281995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wernicke's encephalopathy: beyond alcoholism
    • quiz 58
    • Wilson R.K., Kuncl R.W., Corse A.M. Wernicke's encephalopathy: beyond alcoholism. Nat Clin Pract Neurol 2006, 2(1):54-58. quiz 58.
    • (2006) Nat Clin Pract Neurol , vol.2 , Issue.1 , pp. 54-58
    • Wilson, R.K.1    Kuncl, R.W.2    Corse, A.M.3
  • 18
    • 0031721303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome after long intervals following gastrectomy
    • Shimomura T., Mori E., Hirono N., Imamura T., Yamashita H. Development of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome after long intervals following gastrectomy. Arch Neurol 1998, 55(9):1242-1245.
    • (1998) Arch Neurol , vol.55 , Issue.9 , pp. 1242-1245
    • Shimomura, T.1    Mori, E.2    Hirono, N.3    Imamura, T.4    Yamashita, H.5
  • 19
    • 0034845980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thiamine deficiency in patients with b-chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: a pilot study
    • Seligmann H., Levi R., Konijn A.M., Prokocimer M. Thiamine deficiency in patients with b-chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: a pilot study. Postgrad Med J 2001, 77(911):582-585.
    • (2001) Postgrad Med J , vol.77 , Issue.911 , pp. 582-585
    • Seligmann, H.1    Levi, R.2    Konijn, A.M.3    Prokocimer, M.4
  • 20
    • 34447300166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wernicke encephalopathy complicating lymphoma therapy: case report and literature review
    • Boniol S., Boyd M., Koreth R., Burton G.V. Wernicke encephalopathy complicating lymphoma therapy: case report and literature review. South Med J 2007, 100(7):717-719.
    • (2007) South Med J , vol.100 , Issue.7 , pp. 717-719
    • Boniol, S.1    Boyd, M.2    Koreth, R.3    Burton, G.V.4
  • 21
    • 56149120385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wernicke's encephalopathy: an underrecognized and reversible cause of confusional state in cancer patients
    • Kuo S.-H., Debnam J.M., Fuller G.N., de Groot J. Wernicke's encephalopathy: an underrecognized and reversible cause of confusional state in cancer patients. Oncology 2009, 76(1):10-18.
    • (2009) Oncology , vol.76 , Issue.1 , pp. 10-18
    • Kuo, S.-H.1    Debnam, J.M.2    Fuller, G.N.3    de Groot, J.4
  • 23
    • 79954631483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 25-year-old woman with progressive neurological decline
    • Elmer J., Tiamfook-Morgan T., Brown D.F., Nadel E.S. A 25-year-old woman with progressive neurological decline. J Emerg Med 2011, 40(4):432-435.
    • (2011) J Emerg Med , vol.40 , Issue.4 , pp. 432-435
    • Elmer, J.1    Tiamfook-Morgan, T.2    Brown, D.F.3    Nadel, E.S.4
  • 24
    • 0031622986 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wernicke's encephalopathy and beriberi during total parenteral nutrition attributable to multivitamin infusion shortage
    • Hahn J.S., Berquist W., Alcorn D.M., Chamberlain L., Bass D. Wernicke's encephalopathy and beriberi during total parenteral nutrition attributable to multivitamin infusion shortage. Pediatrics 1998, 101(1):E10.
    • (1998) Pediatrics , vol.101 , Issue.1
    • Hahn, J.S.1    Berquist, W.2    Alcorn, D.M.3    Chamberlain, L.4    Bass, D.5
  • 25
    • 82155197237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wernicke's encephalopathy because of pancreatitis in a young boy
    • Basit S., Elsas T., Kvistad K.A., Hosoien L.S. Wernicke's encephalopathy because of pancreatitis in a young boy. Acta Ophthalmol 2011, 89(8):e656-e657.
    • (2011) Acta Ophthalmol , vol.89 , Issue.8
    • Basit, S.1    Elsas, T.2    Kvistad, K.A.3    Hosoien, L.S.4
  • 26
    • 84863984487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wernicke's encephalopathy in a patient with acute pancreatitis: unusual cortical involvement and marvelous prognosis
    • Cui H.W., Zhang B.A., Peng T., Liu Y., Liu Y.R. Wernicke's encephalopathy in a patient with acute pancreatitis: unusual cortical involvement and marvelous prognosis. Neurol Sci 2012, 33(3):615-618.
    • (2012) Neurol Sci , vol.33 , Issue.3 , pp. 615-618
    • Cui, H.W.1    Zhang, B.A.2    Peng, T.3    Liu, Y.4    Liu, Y.R.5
  • 28
    • 33748617860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pancreatic encephalopathy and Wernicke encephalopathy in association with acute pancreatitis: a clinical study
    • Sun G.H., Yang Y.S., Liu Q.S., Cheng L.F., Huang X.S. Pancreatic encephalopathy and Wernicke encephalopathy in association with acute pancreatitis: a clinical study. World J Gastroenterol 2006, 12(26):4224-4227.
    • (2006) World J Gastroenterol , vol.12 , Issue.26 , pp. 4224-4227
    • Sun, G.H.1    Yang, Y.S.2    Liu, Q.S.3    Cheng, L.F.4    Huang, X.S.5
  • 30
    • 0014372088 scopus 로고
    • An association between Wernicke's encephalopathy and thyrotoxicosis
    • Enoch B.A., Williams D.M. An association between Wernicke's encephalopathy and thyrotoxicosis. Postgrad Med J 1968, 44(518):923-924.
    • (1968) Postgrad Med J , vol.44 , Issue.518 , pp. 923-924
    • Enoch, B.A.1    Williams, D.M.2
  • 31
    • 0035086829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wernicke's encephalopathy in a patient with Crohn's disease: a pathological study
    • Larnaout A., El-Euch G., Kchir N., Filali A., Hamida M.B., Hentati F. Wernicke's encephalopathy in a patient with Crohn's disease: a pathological study. J Neurol 2001, 248(1):57-60.
    • (2001) J Neurol , vol.248 , Issue.1 , pp. 57-60
    • Larnaout, A.1    El-Euch, G.2    Kchir, N.3    Filali, A.4    Hamida, M.B.5    Hentati, F.6
  • 32
    • 0019125792 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of thiamin deficiency in chronic alcoholism
    • Hoyumpa A.M. Mechanisms of thiamin deficiency in chronic alcoholism. Am J Clin Nutr 1980, 33(12):2750-2761.
    • (1980) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.33 , Issue.12 , pp. 2750-2761
    • Hoyumpa, A.M.1
  • 33
    • 0031798910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary reference intakes: the new basis for recommendations for calcium and related nutrients, b vitamins, and choline
    • Yates A.A., Schlicker S.A., Suitor C.W. Dietary reference intakes: the new basis for recommendations for calcium and related nutrients, b vitamins, and choline. J Am Diet Assoc 1998, 98(6):699-706.
    • (1998) J Am Diet Assoc , vol.98 , Issue.6 , pp. 699-706
    • Yates, A.A.1    Schlicker, S.A.2    Suitor, C.W.3
  • 36
    • 77953842414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unraveling the pathophysiology of alcohol-induced thiamin deficiency
    • Kiela P.R. Unraveling the pathophysiology of alcohol-induced thiamin deficiency. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2010, 299(1):F26-F27.
    • (2010) Am J Physiol Renal Physiol , vol.299 , Issue.1
    • Kiela, P.R.1
  • 37
    • 34848815722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin transport and homeostasis in mammalian brain: focus on vitamins b and e
    • Spector R., Johanson C.E. Vitamin transport and homeostasis in mammalian brain: focus on vitamins b and e. J Neurochem 2007, 103(2):425-438.
    • (2007) J Neurochem , vol.103 , Issue.2 , pp. 425-438
    • Spector, R.1    Johanson, C.E.2
  • 38
    • 0020000974 scopus 로고
    • Thiamin homeostasis in the central nervous system
    • Spector R. Thiamin homeostasis in the central nervous system. Ann NY Acad Sci 1982, 378:344-354.
    • (1982) Ann NY Acad Sci , vol.378 , pp. 344-354
    • Spector, R.1
  • 39
    • 77954366842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic alcohol consumption and intestinal thiamin absorption: effects on physiological and molecular parameters of the uptake process
    • Subramanya S.B., Subramanian V.S., Said H.M. Chronic alcohol consumption and intestinal thiamin absorption: effects on physiological and molecular parameters of the uptake process. Am J Physiol-Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2010, 299(1):G23-G31.
    • (2010) Am J Physiol-Gastrointest Liver Physiol , vol.299 , Issue.1
    • Subramanya, S.B.1    Subramanian, V.S.2    Said, H.M.3
  • 40
    • 0025639118 scopus 로고
    • Effects of acute and chronic ethanol administration on thiamine metabolizing enzymes in some brain-areas and in other organs of the rat
    • Laforenza U., Patrini C., Gastaldi G., Rindi G. Effects of acute and chronic ethanol administration on thiamine metabolizing enzymes in some brain-areas and in other organs of the rat. Alcohol Alcohol 1990, 25(6):591-603.
    • (1990) Alcohol Alcohol , vol.25 , Issue.6 , pp. 591-603
    • Laforenza, U.1    Patrini, C.2    Gastaldi, G.3    Rindi, G.4
  • 41
    • 0034189713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of vitamin deficiency in chronic alcohol misusers and the development of the Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
    • Thomson A.D. Mechanisms of vitamin deficiency in chronic alcohol misusers and the development of the Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. Alcohol Alcohol Suppl 2000, 35(1):2-7.
    • (2000) Alcohol Alcohol Suppl , vol.35 , Issue.1 , pp. 2-7
    • Thomson, A.D.1
  • 42
    • 0020002215 scopus 로고
    • Kinetics of thiamine transport across the blood-brain barrier in the rat
    • Greenwood J., Love E.R., Pratt O.E. Kinetics of thiamine transport across the blood-brain barrier in the rat. J Physiol 1982, 327:95-103.
    • (1982) J Physiol , vol.327 , pp. 95-103
    • Greenwood, J.1    Love, E.R.2    Pratt, O.E.3
  • 43
    • 0017066756 scopus 로고
    • Thiamine transport in the central nervous system
    • Spector R. Thiamine transport in the central nervous system. Am J Physiol 1976, 230(4):1101-1107.
    • (1976) Am J Physiol , vol.230 , Issue.4 , pp. 1101-1107
    • Spector, R.1
  • 44
    • 14844330732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thiamine administration in alcohol-dependent patients
    • Agabio R. Thiamine administration in alcohol-dependent patients. Alcohol Alcohol 2005, 40(2):155-156.
    • (2005) Alcohol Alcohol , vol.40 , Issue.2 , pp. 155-156
    • Agabio, R.1
  • 45
    • 0021866448 scopus 로고
    • Jejunal uptake of thiamin hydrochloride in man-influence of alcoholism and alcohol
    • Breen K.J., Buttigieg R., Iossifidis S., Lourensz C., Wood B. Jejunal uptake of thiamin hydrochloride in man-influence of alcoholism and alcohol. Am J Clin Nutr 1985, 42(1):121-126.
    • (1985) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.42 , Issue.1 , pp. 121-126
    • Breen, K.J.1    Buttigieg, R.2    Iossifidis, S.3    Lourensz, C.4    Wood, B.5
  • 46
    • 34548504538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High prevalence of low plasma thiamine concentration in diabetes linked to a marker of vascular disease
    • Thornalley P.J., Babaei-Jadidi R., Al Ali H., Rabbani N., Antonysunil A., Larkin J., et al. High prevalence of low plasma thiamine concentration in diabetes linked to a marker of vascular disease. Diabetologia 2007, 50(10):2164-2170.
    • (2007) Diabetologia , vol.50 , Issue.10 , pp. 2164-2170
    • Thornalley, P.J.1    Babaei-Jadidi, R.2    Al Ali, H.3    Rabbani, N.4    Antonysunil, A.5    Larkin, J.6
  • 47
    • 18744387955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Royal College of Physicians report on alcohol: guidelines for managing Wernicke's encephalopathy in the accident and emergency department
    • Thomson A.D., Cook C.C.H., Touquet R., Henry J.A. The Royal College of Physicians report on alcohol: guidelines for managing Wernicke's encephalopathy in the accident and emergency department. Alcohol Alcohol 2002, 37(6):513-521.
    • (2002) Alcohol Alcohol , vol.37 , Issue.6 , pp. 513-521
    • Thomson, A.D.1    Cook, C.C.H.2    Touquet, R.3    Henry, J.A.4
  • 48
    • 38349032043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of Wernicke encephalopathy in a terminally ill cancer patient consuming an adequate diet: a case report and review of the literature
    • Yae S., Okuno S., Onishi H., Kawanishi C. Development of Wernicke encephalopathy in a terminally ill cancer patient consuming an adequate diet: a case report and review of the literature. Palliative Supportive Care 2005, 3(4):333-335.
    • (2005) Palliative Supportive Care , vol.3 , Issue.4 , pp. 333-335
    • Yae, S.1    Okuno, S.2    Onishi, H.3    Kawanishi, C.4
  • 49
    • 33845802119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severe thiamine deficiency resulted in Wernicke's encephalopathy in a chronic dialysis patient
    • Ueda K., Takada D., Mii A., Tsuzuku Y., Saito S.K., Kaneko T., et al. Severe thiamine deficiency resulted in Wernicke's encephalopathy in a chronic dialysis patient. Clin Exp Nephrol 2006, 10(4):290-293.
    • (2006) Clin Exp Nephrol , vol.10 , Issue.4 , pp. 290-293
    • Ueda, K.1    Takada, D.2    Mii, A.3    Tsuzuku, Y.4    Saito, S.K.5    Kaneko, T.6
  • 50
    • 34047268403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wernicke's encephalopathy: new clinical settings and recent advances in diagnosis and management
    • Sechi G., Serra A. Wernicke's encephalopathy: new clinical settings and recent advances in diagnosis and management. Lancet Neurol 2007, 6(5):442-455.
    • (2007) Lancet Neurol , vol.6 , Issue.5 , pp. 442-455
    • Sechi, G.1    Serra, A.2
  • 51
    • 33644970525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The natural history and pathophysiology of Wernicke's encephalopathy and Korsakoff's psychosis
    • Thomson A., Marshall E. The natural history and pathophysiology of Wernicke's encephalopathy and Korsakoff's psychosis. Alcohol Alcohol 2006, 41(2):151-158.
    • (2006) Alcohol Alcohol , vol.41 , Issue.2 , pp. 151-158
    • Thomson, A.1    Marshall, E.2
  • 52
    • 61449205168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Update of cell damage mechanisms in thiamine deficiency: focus on oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, and inflammation
    • Hazell A.S., Butterworth R.F. Update of cell damage mechanisms in thiamine deficiency: focus on oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, and inflammation. Alcohol Alcohol 2009, 44(2):141-147.
    • (2009) Alcohol Alcohol , vol.44 , Issue.2 , pp. 141-147
    • Hazell, A.S.1    Butterworth, R.F.2
  • 53
    • 0018412226 scopus 로고
    • Wernicke's encephalopathy: a more common disease than realized. A neuropathological study of 51 cases
    • Harper C. Wernicke's encephalopathy: a more common disease than realized. A neuropathological study of 51 cases. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1979, 42(3):226-231.
    • (1979) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.42 , Issue.3 , pp. 226-231
    • Harper, C.1
  • 54
    • 0024508683 scopus 로고
    • Wernicke's encephalopathy in nonalcoholics. An autopsy study
    • Lindboe C.F., Loberg E.M. Wernicke's encephalopathy in nonalcoholics. An autopsy study. J Neurol Sci 1989, 90(2):125-129.
    • (1989) J Neurol Sci , vol.90 , Issue.2 , pp. 125-129
    • Lindboe, C.F.1    Loberg, E.M.2
  • 56
    • 0031032020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Operational criteria for the classification of chronic alcoholics: identification of Wernicke's encephalopathy
    • Caine D., Halliday G.M., Kril J.J., Harper C.G. Operational criteria for the classification of chronic alcoholics: identification of Wernicke's encephalopathy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1997, 62(1):51-60.
    • (1997) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.62 , Issue.1 , pp. 51-60
    • Caine, D.1    Halliday, G.M.2    Kril, J.J.3    Harper, C.G.4
  • 57
    • 0022639125 scopus 로고
    • Clinical signs in the Wernicke-Korsakoff complex: a retrospective analysis of 131 cases diagnosed at necropsy
    • Harper C.G., Giles M., Finlay-Jones R. Clinical signs in the Wernicke-Korsakoff complex: a retrospective analysis of 131 cases diagnosed at necropsy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1986, 49(4):341-345.
    • (1986) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.49 , Issue.4 , pp. 341-345
    • Harper, C.G.1    Giles, M.2    Finlay-Jones, R.3
  • 59
    • 70350692278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomarkers for detecting thiamine deficiency-improving confidence and taking a comprehensive history are also important
    • 634-634
    • Immadisetty V., Cant T., Thyarappa P., Lingford-Hughes A., Vernon J. Biomarkers for detecting thiamine deficiency-improving confidence and taking a comprehensive history are also important. Alcohol Alcohol 2009, 44. 634-634.
    • (2009) Alcohol Alcohol , vol.44
    • Immadisetty, V.1    Cant, T.2    Thyarappa, P.3    Lingford-Hughes, A.4    Vernon, J.5
  • 60
    • 77949407883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomarkers for detecting thiamine deficiency-improving confidence and taking a comprehensive history are also important
    • 213-213
    • Thomson A.D., Marshall E.J., Guerrini I. Biomarkers for detecting thiamine deficiency-improving confidence and taking a comprehensive history are also important. Alcohol Alcohol 2010, 45. 213-213.
    • (2010) Alcohol Alcohol , vol.45
    • Thomson, A.D.1    Marshall, E.J.2    Guerrini, I.3
  • 61
    • 61549133968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomarkers in alcohol misuse: their role in the prevention and detection of thiamine deficiency
    • Mancinelli R., Ceccanti M. Biomarkers in alcohol misuse: their role in the prevention and detection of thiamine deficiency. Alcohol Alcohol 2009, 44(2):177-182.
    • (2009) Alcohol Alcohol , vol.44 , Issue.2 , pp. 177-182
    • Mancinelli, R.1    Ceccanti, M.2
  • 64
    • 0025825749 scopus 로고
    • The value of brainstem auditory evoked potentials in early diagnosis of Wernicke's encephalopathy
    • Haas W., Nickel B. The value of brainstem auditory evoked potentials in early diagnosis of Wernicke's encephalopathy. Alcohol Alcohol 1991, 26(2):115-119.
    • (1991) Alcohol Alcohol , vol.26 , Issue.2 , pp. 115-119
    • Haas, W.1    Nickel, B.2
  • 66
    • 0031849207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • B vitamin deficiency and neuropsychiatric syndromes in alcohol misuse
    • Cook C.C., Hallwood P.M., Thomson A.D. B vitamin deficiency and neuropsychiatric syndromes in alcohol misuse. Alcohol Alcohol 1998, 33(4):317-336.
    • (1998) Alcohol Alcohol , vol.33 , Issue.4 , pp. 317-336
    • Cook, C.C.1    Hallwood, P.M.2    Thomson, A.D.3
  • 67
    • 0035124254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thiamin treatment and working memory function of alcohol-dependent people: preliminary findings
    • Ambrose M.L., Bowden S.C., Whelan G. Thiamin treatment and working memory function of alcohol-dependent people: preliminary findings. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2001, 25(1):112-116.
    • (2001) Alcohol Clin Exp Res , vol.25 , Issue.1 , pp. 112-116
    • Ambrose, M.L.1    Bowden, S.C.2    Whelan, G.3
  • 68
    • 0020049089 scopus 로고
    • Comparative neuropsychology and Korsakoff's syndrome. Iii Delayed response, delayed alternation, and drl performance
    • Oscar-Berman M., Zola-Morgan S.M., Oberg R.G., Bonner R.T. Comparative neuropsychology and Korsakoff's syndrome. Iii Delayed response, delayed alternation, and drl performance. Neuropsychologia 1982, 20(2):187-202.
    • (1982) Neuropsychologia , vol.20 , Issue.2 , pp. 187-202
    • Oscar-Berman, M.1    Zola-Morgan, S.M.2    Oberg, R.G.3    Bonner, R.T.4
  • 70
    • 78649599159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EFNS guidelines for diagnosis, therapy, and prevention of Wernicke encephalopathy
    • Galvin R., Brathen G., Ivashynka A., Hillbom M., Tanasescu R., Leone M.A. EFNS guidelines for diagnosis, therapy, and prevention of Wernicke encephalopathy. Eur J Neurol 2010, 17(12):1408-1418.
    • (2010) Eur J Neurol , vol.17 , Issue.12 , pp. 1408-1418
    • Galvin, R.1    Brathen, G.2    Ivashynka, A.3    Hillbom, M.4    Tanasescu, R.5    Leone, M.A.6
  • 71
    • 0024318114 scopus 로고
    • A toxicity study of parenteral thiamine hydrochloride
    • Wrenn K.D., Murphy F., Slovis C.M. A toxicity study of parenteral thiamine hydrochloride. Ann Emerg Med 1989, 18(8):867-870.
    • (1989) Ann Emerg Med , vol.18 , Issue.8 , pp. 867-870
    • Wrenn, K.D.1    Murphy, F.2    Slovis, C.M.3
  • 72
    • 0026545535 scopus 로고
    • Is intravenous thiamine safe
    • 165-165
    • Wrenn K.D., Slovis C.M. Is intravenous thiamine safe. Am J Emerg Med 1992, 10. 165-165.
    • (1992) Am J Emerg Med , vol.10
    • Wrenn, K.D.1    Slovis, C.M.2
  • 73
    • 0016200856 scopus 로고
    • Magnesium deficiency: a possible cause of thiamine refractoriness in Wernicke-Korsakoff encephalopathy
    • Traviesa D.C. Magnesium deficiency: a possible cause of thiamine refractoriness in Wernicke-Korsakoff encephalopathy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1974, 37(8):959-962.
    • (1974) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.37 , Issue.8 , pp. 959-962
    • Traviesa, D.C.1
  • 74
    • 77955604141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myths of toxicology: thiamine before dextrose
    • Gussow L. Myths of toxicology: thiamine before dextrose. Emerg Med News 2007, 29:3, 11.
    • (2007) Emerg Med News , vol.29 , Issue.3 , pp. 11
    • Gussow, L.1
  • 75
    • 84859703025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucose before thiamine for Wernicke encephalopathy: a literature review
    • Schabelman E., Kuo D. Glucose before thiamine for Wernicke encephalopathy: a literature review. J Emerg Med 2012, 42:488-494.
    • (2012) J Emerg Med , vol.42 , pp. 488-494
    • Schabelman, E.1    Kuo, D.2
  • 76
    • 0022508364 scopus 로고
    • Wernicke's encephalopathy in a metropolitan hospital. A prospective study of incidence, characteristics, and outcome
    • Wood B., Currie J., Breen K. Wernicke's encephalopathy in a metropolitan hospital. A prospective study of incidence, characteristics, and outcome. Med J Aust 1986, 144(1):12-16.
    • (1986) Med J Aust , vol.144 , Issue.1 , pp. 12-16
    • Wood, B.1    Currie, J.2    Breen, K.3
  • 77
    • 0032848785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thiamin deficiency and Korsakoff's syndrome: failure to find memory impairments following nonalcoholic Wernicke's encephalopathy
    • Homewood J., Bond N.W. Thiamin deficiency and Korsakoff's syndrome: failure to find memory impairments following nonalcoholic Wernicke's encephalopathy. Alcohol 1999, 19(1):75-84.
    • (1999) Alcohol , vol.19 , Issue.1 , pp. 75-84
    • Homewood, J.1    Bond, N.W.2
  • 78
    • 0014610439 scopus 로고
    • Subnormal body temperatures in Wernicke's encephalopathy
    • Koeppen A.H., Daniels J.C., Barron K.D. Subnormal body temperatures in Wernicke's encephalopathy. Arch Neurol 1969, 21(5):493-498.
    • (1969) Arch Neurol , vol.21 , Issue.5 , pp. 493-498
    • Koeppen, A.H.1    Daniels, J.C.2    Barron, K.D.3
  • 79
    • 0015837874 scopus 로고
    • Hypothermia and Wernicke's encephalopathy
    • Philip G., Smith J.F. Hypothermia and Wernicke's encephalopathy. Lancet 1973, 2(7821):122-124.
    • (1973) Lancet , vol.2 , Issue.7821 , pp. 122-124
    • Philip, G.1    Smith, J.F.2
  • 81
    • 43949100982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyrotoxicosis-associated Wernicke's encephalopathy
    • Sechi G. Thyrotoxicosis-associated Wernicke's encephalopathy. J Gen Intern Med 2008, 23(6):897.
    • (2008) J Gen Intern Med , vol.23 , Issue.6 , pp. 897
    • Sechi, G.1
  • 82
    • 77249137385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A multi-center survey of inpatient pharmacological management strategies for alcohol withdrawal
    • Ward D., Murch N., Agarwal G., Bell D. A multi-center survey of inpatient pharmacological management strategies for alcohol withdrawal. QJM Int J Med 2009, 102(11):773-780.
    • (2009) QJM Int J Med , vol.102 , Issue.11 , pp. 773-780
    • Ward, D.1    Murch, N.2    Agarwal, G.3    Bell, D.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.