메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 17, Issue 12, 2010, Pages 1408-1418

EFNS guidelines for diagnosis, therapy and prevention of Wernicke encephalopathy

Author keywords

Alcoholism; Diagnosis; Guidelines; Prevention; Thiamine; Treatment; Wernicke encephalopathy

Indexed keywords

CARBOHYDRATE; PLACEBO; THIAMINE;

EID: 78649599159     PISSN: 13515101     EISSN: 14681331     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2010.03153.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (482)

References (80)
  • 1
    • 10944223487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Jiao Qi disease in medieval China
    • Fan KW. Jiao Qi disease in medieval China. Am J Chin Med 2004; 32: 999-1011.
    • (2004) Am J Chin Med , vol.32 , pp. 999-1011
    • Fan, K.W.1
  • 2
    • 41749110958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wernicke's encephalopathy revisited. Translation of the case history section of the original manuscript by Carl Wernicke 'Lehrbuch der Gehirnkrankheiten fur Aerzte and Studirende' (1881) with a commentary
    • Thomson AD, Cook CC, Guerrini I, Sheedy D, Harper C, Marshall EJ. Wernicke's encephalopathy revisited. Translation of the case history section of the original manuscript by Carl Wernicke 'Lehrbuch der Gehirnkrankheiten fur Aerzte and Studirende' (1881) with a commentary. Alcohol Alcohol 2008; 43: 174-179.
    • (2008) Alcohol Alcohol , vol.43 , pp. 174-179
    • Thomson, A.D.1    Cook, C.C.2    Guerrini, I.3    Sheedy, D.4    Harper, C.5    Marshall, E.J.6
  • 3
    • 78649621763 scopus 로고
    • Lehrbuch der Gehirnkrankheiten fur Aerzte und Studirende. ; -.
    • Wernicke C. Lehrbuch der Gehirnkrankheiten fur Aerzte und Studirende. 1881; 229-242.
    • (1881) , pp. 229-242
    • Wernicke, C.1
  • 4
    • 0038438244 scopus 로고
    • Über eine besondere form psychischer Störung combiniert mit multipler neurotis
    • Korsakow SS. Über eine besondere form psychischer Störung combiniert mit multipler neurotis. Arch Psychiatr Nervenkr 1890; 21: 669-704.
    • (1890) Arch Psychiatr Nervenkr , vol.21 , pp. 669-704
    • Korsakow, S.S.1
  • 5
    • 4644249308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidance for the preparation of neurological management guidelines by EFNS scientific task forces - revised recommendations 2004
    • Brainin M, Barnes M, Baron J-C, et al. Guidance for the preparation of neurological management guidelines by EFNS scientific task forces - revised recommendations 2004. Eur J Neurol 2004; 11: 577-581.
    • (2004) Eur J Neurol , vol.11 , pp. 577-581
    • Brainin, M.1    Barnes, M.2    Baron, J.3
  • 6
    • 56149101885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wernicke encephalopathy after bariatric surgery: a systematic review
    • Aasheim ET. Wernicke encephalopathy after bariatric surgery: a systematic review. Ann Surg 2008; 248: 714-720.
    • (2008) Ann Surg , vol.248 , pp. 714-720
    • Aasheim, E.T.1
  • 7
    • 34047194700 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wernicke encephalopathy after obesity surgery: a systematic review
    • Singh S, Kumar A. Wernicke encephalopathy after obesity surgery: a systematic review. Neurology 2007; 68: 807-811.
    • (2007) Neurology , vol.68 , pp. 807-811
    • Singh, S.1    Kumar, A.2
  • 8
    • 33645400628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperemesis gravidarum complicated by Wernicke encephalopathy: background, case report, and review of the literature
    • Chiossi G, Neri I, Cavazzuti M, Basso G, Facchinetti F. Hyperemesis gravidarum complicated by Wernicke encephalopathy: background, case report, and review of the literature. Obstet Gynecol Surv 2006; 61: 255-268.
    • (2006) Obstet Gynecol Surv , vol.61 , pp. 255-268
    • Chiossi, G.1    Neri, I.2    Cavazzuti, M.3    Basso, G.4    Facchinetti, F.5
  • 9
    • 0031032020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Operational criteria for the classification of chronic alcoholics: identification of Wernicke's encephalopathy
    • Caine D, Halliday GM, Kril JJ, Harper CG. Operational criteria for the classification of chronic alcoholics: identification of Wernicke's encephalopathy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1997; 62: 51-60.
    • (1997) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.62 , pp. 51-60
    • Caine, D.1    Halliday, G.M.2    Kril, J.J.3    Harper, C.G.4
  • 10
    • 0021149522 scopus 로고
    • The severe lacticacidosis of thiamine deficiency: acute pernicious or fulminating beriberi
    • Campbell CH. The severe lacticacidosis of thiamine deficiency: acute pernicious or fulminating beriberi. Lancet 1984; 2: 446-449.
    • (1984) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 446-449
    • Campbell, C.H.1
  • 12
    • 0029063313 scopus 로고
    • Thiamin status, diuretic medications, and the management of congestive heart failure
    • Brady JA, Rock CL, Horneffer MR. Thiamin status, diuretic medications, and the management of congestive heart failure. J Am Diet Assoc 1995; 95: 541-544.
    • (1995) J Am Diet Assoc , vol.95 , pp. 541-544
    • Brady, J.A.1    Rock, C.L.2    Horneffer, M.R.3
  • 13
    • 0029026199 scopus 로고
    • Improved left ventricular function after thiamine supplementation in patients with congestive heart failure receiving long-term furosemide therapy
    • Shimon I, Almog S, Vered Z, et al. Improved left ventricular function after thiamine supplementation in patients with congestive heart failure receiving long-term furosemide therapy. Am J Med 1995; 98: 485-490.
    • (1995) Am J Med , vol.98 , pp. 485-490
    • Shimon, I.1    Almog, S.2    Vered, Z.3
  • 14
    • 0016200856 scopus 로고
    • Magnesium deficiency: a possible cause of thiamine refractoriness in Wernicke-Korsakoff encephalopathy
    • Traviesa DC. Magnesium deficiency: a possible cause of thiamine refractoriness in Wernicke-Korsakoff encephalopathy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1974; 37: 959-962.
    • (1974) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.37 , pp. 959-962
    • Traviesa, D.C.1
  • 15
    • 0026083230 scopus 로고
    • Concomitant determination of thiamin and its phosphate esters in human blood and serum by high-performance liquid chromatography
    • Tallaksen CM, Bohmer T, Bell H, Karlsen J. Concomitant determination of thiamin and its phosphate esters in human blood and serum by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr 1991; 564: 127-136.
    • (1991) J Chromatogr , vol.564 , pp. 127-136
    • Tallaksen, C.M.1    Bohmer, T.2    Bell, H.3    Karlsen, J.4
  • 16
    • 43449103357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid HPLC measurement of thiamine and its phosphate esters in whole blood
    • Lu J, Frank EL. Rapid HPLC measurement of thiamine and its phosphate esters in whole blood. Clin Chem 2008; 54: 901-906.
    • (2008) Clin Chem , vol.54 , pp. 901-906
    • Lu, J.1    Frank, E.L.2
  • 17
  • 18
    • 0027465947 scopus 로고
    • Kinetics of thiamin and thiamin phosphate esters in human blood, plasma and urine after 50 mg intravenously or orally
    • Tallaksen C, Sande A, Bøhmer T, Bell H, Karlsen J. Kinetics of thiamin and thiamin phosphate esters in human blood, plasma and urine after 50 mg intravenously or orally. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1993; 44: 73-78.
    • (1993) Eur J Clin Pharmacol , vol.44 , pp. 73-78
    • Tallaksen, C.1    Sande, A.2    Bøhmer, T.3    Bell, H.4    Karlsen, J.5
  • 20
    • 59349086648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroimaging findings in acute Wernicke's encephalopathy: review of the literature
    • Zuccoli G, Pipitone N. Neuroimaging findings in acute Wernicke's encephalopathy: review of the literature. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2009; 192: 501-508.
    • (2009) AJR Am J Roentgenol , vol.192 , pp. 501-508
    • Zuccoli, G.1    Pipitone, N.2
  • 21
    • 0035124254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thiamin treatment and working memory function of alcohol-dependent people: preliminary findings
    • Ambrose ML, Bowden SC, Whelan G. Thiamin treatment and working memory function of alcohol-dependent people: preliminary findings. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2001; 25: 112-116.
    • (2001) Alcohol Clin Exp Res , vol.25 , pp. 112-116
    • Ambrose, M.L.1    Bowden, S.C.2    Whelan, G.3
  • 24
    • 36048968599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myths and misconceptions of Wernicke's encephalopathy: what every emergency physician should know
    • Donnino MW, Vega J, Miller J, Walsh M. Myths and misconceptions of Wernicke's encephalopathy: what every emergency physician should know. Ann Emerg Med 2007; 50: 715-721.
    • (2007) Ann Emerg Med , vol.50 , pp. 715-721
    • Donnino, M.W.1    Vega, J.2    Miller, J.3    Walsh, M.4
  • 25
    • 18744387955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Royal College of Physicians report on alcohol: guidelines for managing Wernicke's encephalopathy in the accident and Emergency Department
    • Royal College of Physicians L.
    • Thomson AD, Cook CC, Touquet R, Henry JA, Royal College of Physicians L. The Royal College of Physicians report on alcohol: guidelines for managing Wernicke's encephalopathy in the accident and Emergency Department. Alcohol Alcohol 2002; 37: 513-521.
    • (2002) Alcohol Alcohol , vol.37 , pp. 513-521
    • Thomson, A.D.1    Cook, C.C.2    Touquet, R.3    Henry, J.A.4
  • 26
    • 34047268403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wernicke's encephalopathy: new clinical settings and recent advances in diagnosis and management
    • Sechi G, Serra A. Wernicke's encephalopathy: new clinical settings and recent advances in diagnosis and management. Lancet Neurol 2007; 6: 442-455.
    • (2007) Lancet Neurol , vol.6 , pp. 442-455
    • Sechi, G.1    Serra, A.2
  • 27
    • 33644970525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The natural history and pathophysiology of Wernicke's Encephalopathy and Korsakoff's Psychosis
    • Thomson AD, Marshall EJ. The natural history and pathophysiology of Wernicke's Encephalopathy and Korsakoff's Psychosis. Alcohol Alcohol 2006; 41: 151-158.
    • (2006) Alcohol Alcohol , vol.41 , pp. 151-158
    • Thomson, A.D.1    Marshall, E.J.2
  • 28
    • 0017089794 scopus 로고
    • Absorption, utilization and clinical effectiveness of allithiamines compared to water-soluble thiamines
    • Baker H, Frank O. Absorption, utilization and clinical effectiveness of allithiamines compared to water-soluble thiamines. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 1976; 22(Suppl): 63-68.
    • (1976) J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) , vol.22 , Issue.SUPPL , pp. 63-68
    • Baker, H.1    Frank, O.2
  • 31
    • 0024318114 scopus 로고
    • A toxicity study of parenteral thiamine hydrochloride
    • Wrenn KD, Murphy F, Slovis CM. A toxicity study of parenteral thiamine hydrochloride. Ann Emerg Med 1989; 18: 867-870.
    • (1989) Ann Emerg Med , vol.18 , pp. 867-870
    • Wrenn, K.D.1    Murphy, F.2    Slovis, C.M.3
  • 32
    • 33644969208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The treatment of patients at risk of developing Wernicke's encephalopathy in the community
    • Thomson AD, Marshall EJ. The treatment of patients at risk of developing Wernicke's encephalopathy in the community. Alcohol Alcohol 2006; 41: 159-167.
    • (2006) Alcohol Alcohol , vol.41 , pp. 159-167
    • Thomson, A.D.1    Marshall, E.J.2
  • 33
    • 33748920368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency and associated brain damage is still common throughout the world and prevention is simple and safe!
    • Harper C. Thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency and associated brain damage is still common throughout the world and prevention is simple and safe! Eur J Neurol 2006; 13: 1078-1082.
    • (2006) Eur J Neurol , vol.13 , pp. 1078-1082
    • Harper, C.1
  • 34
    • 0032081584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome in Sydney hospitals after 6 years of thiamin enrichment of bread
    • Rolland S, Truswell AS. Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome in Sydney hospitals after 6 years of thiamin enrichment of bread. Public Health Nutr 1998; 1: 117-122.
    • (1998) Public Health Nutr , vol.1 , pp. 117-122
    • Rolland, S.1    Truswell, A.S.2
  • 35
    • 0019125792 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of thiamin deficiency in chronic alcoholism
    • Hoyumpa AM Jr. Mechanisms of thiamin deficiency in chronic alcoholism. Am J Clin Nutr 1980; 33: 2750-2761.
    • (1980) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.33 , pp. 2750-2761
    • Hoyumpa Jr, A.M.1
  • 36
    • 77649174487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EFNS guideline on the management of status epilepticus in adults
    • Meierkord H, Boon P, Engelsen B, et al. EFNS guideline on the management of status epilepticus in adults. Eur J Neurol 2010; 17: 348-355.
    • (2010) Eur J Neurol , vol.17 , pp. 348-355
    • Meierkord, H.1    Boon, P.2    Engelsen, B.3
  • 37
    • 33748921248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurological complications of prolonged hunger strike
    • Basoglu M, Yetimalar Y, Gurgor N, et al. Neurological complications of prolonged hunger strike. Eur J Neurol 2006; 13: 1089-1097.
    • (2006) Eur J Neurol , vol.13 , pp. 1089-1097
    • Basoglu, M.1    Yetimalar, Y.2    Gurgor, N.3
  • 38
    • 0001704098 scopus 로고
    • Wernicke's encephalopathy. A clinical and pathological study of 28 autopsied cases
    • Cravioto H, Korein J, Silberman J. Wernicke's encephalopathy. A clinical and pathological study of 28 autopsied cases. Arch Neurol 1961; 4: 510-519.
    • (1961) Arch Neurol , vol.4 , pp. 510-519
    • Cravioto, H.1    Korein, J.2    Silberman, J.3
  • 39
    • 0017155472 scopus 로고
    • Neuropathological aspects of dementias resulting from abnormal blood and cerebrospinal fluid dynamics
    • Jellinger K. Neuropathological aspects of dementias resulting from abnormal blood and cerebrospinal fluid dynamics. Acta Neurol Belg 1976; 76: 83-102.
    • (1976) Acta Neurol Belg , vol.76 , pp. 83-102
    • Jellinger, K.1
  • 40
    • 0015179927 scopus 로고
    • The Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. A clinical and pathological study of 245 patients, 82 with post-mortem examinations
    • Victor M, Adams RD, Collins GH. The Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. A clinical and pathological study of 245 patients, 82 with post-mortem examinations. Contemp Neurol Ser 1971; 7: 1-206.
    • (1971) Contemp Neurol Ser , vol.7 , pp. 1-206
    • Victor, M.1    Adams, R.D.2    Collins, G.H.3
  • 41
    • 0019903774 scopus 로고
    • Brain lesions in alcoholics. A neuropathological study with clinical correlations
    • Torvik A, Lindboe CF, Rogde S. Brain lesions in alcoholics. A neuropathological study with clinical correlations. J Neurol Sci 1982; 56: 233-248.
    • (1982) J Neurol Sci , vol.56 , pp. 233-248
    • Torvik, A.1    Lindboe, C.F.2    Rogde, S.3
  • 42
    • 0018412226 scopus 로고
    • Wernicke's encephalopathy: a more common disease than realised. A neuropathological study of 51 cases
    • Harper C. Wernicke's encephalopathy: a more common disease than realised. A neuropathological study of 51 cases. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1979; 42: 226-231.
    • (1979) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.42 , pp. 226-231
    • Harper, C.1
  • 43
    • 0020577518 scopus 로고
    • The incidence of Wernicke's encephalopathy in Australia - a neuropathological study of 131 cases
    • Harper C. The incidence of Wernicke's encephalopathy in Australia - a neuropathological study of 131 cases. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1983; 46: 593-598.
    • (1983) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.46 , pp. 593-598
    • Harper, C.1
  • 44
    • 0023681744 scopus 로고
    • Chromatolysis in alcoholic encephalopathies. Pellagra-like changes in 22 cases
    • Hauw JJ, De Baecque C, Hausser-Hauw C, Serdaru M. Chromatolysis in alcoholic encephalopathies. Pellagra-like changes in 22 cases. Brain 1988; 111: 843-857.
    • (1988) Brain , vol.111 , pp. 843-857
    • Hauw, J.J.1    De Baecque, C.2    Hausser-Hauw, C.3    Serdaru, M.4
  • 45
    • 0024602284 scopus 로고
    • The prevalence of the Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome in Sydney, Australia: a prospective necropsy study
    • Harper C, Gold J, Rodriguez M, Perdices M. The prevalence of the Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome in Sydney, Australia: a prospective necropsy study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1989; 52: 282-285.
    • (1989) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.52 , pp. 282-285
    • Harper, C.1    Gold, J.2    Rodriguez, M.3    Perdices, M.4
  • 46
    • 0024508683 scopus 로고
    • Wernicke's encephalopathy in non-alcoholics. An autopsy study
    • Lindboe CF, Loberg EM. Wernicke's encephalopathy in non-alcoholics. An autopsy study. J Neurol Sci 1989; 90: 125-129.
    • (1989) J Neurol Sci , vol.90 , pp. 125-129
    • Lindboe, C.F.1    Loberg, E.M.2
  • 47
    • 0024760511 scopus 로고
    • Alcoholism and morphologic findings of the nervous system in autopsy cases
    • Pollak KH. Alcoholism and morphologic findings of the nervous system in autopsy cases. Psychiatr Neurol Med Psychol (Leipz) 1989; 41: 664-679.
    • (1989) Psychiatr Neurol Med Psychol (Leipz) , vol.41 , pp. 664-679
    • Pollak, K.H.1
  • 48
    • 0025733491 scopus 로고
    • Cerebral lesions and causes of death in male alcoholics. A forensic autopsy study
    • Skullerud K, Andersen SN, Lundevall J. Cerebral lesions and causes of death in male alcoholics. A forensic autopsy study. Int J Legal Med 1991; 104: 209-213.
    • (1991) Int J Legal Med , vol.104 , pp. 209-213
    • Skullerud, K.1    Andersen, S.N.2    Lundevall, J.3
  • 49
    • 0026094475 scopus 로고
    • Wernicke's encephalopathy and alcohol-related disease
    • Naidoo DP, Bramdev A, Cooper K. Wernicke's encephalopathy and alcohol-related disease. Postgrad Med J 1991; 67: 978-981.
    • (1991) Postgrad Med J , vol.67 , pp. 978-981
    • Naidoo, D.P.1    Bramdev, A.2    Cooper, K.3
  • 51
    • 0025899283 scopus 로고
    • Wernicke's encephalopathy in an autopsy material obtained over a one-year period
    • Vege A, Sund S, Lindboe CF. Wernicke's encephalopathy in an autopsy material obtained over a one-year period. APMIS 1991; 99: 755-758.
    • (1991) APMIS , vol.99 , pp. 755-758
    • Vege, A.1    Sund, S.2    Lindboe, C.F.3
  • 52
    • 0026671396 scopus 로고
    • Coma and death in unrecognized Wernicke's encephalopathy. An autopsy study
    • Lana-Peixoto MA, Dos Santos EC, Pittella JE. Coma and death in unrecognized Wernicke's encephalopathy. An autopsy study. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 1992; 50: 329-333.
    • (1992) Arq Neuropsiquiatr , vol.50 , pp. 329-333
    • Lana-Peixoto, M.A.1    Dos Santos, E.C.2    Pittella, J.E.3
  • 54
    • 0028918667 scopus 로고
    • An international perspective on the prevalence of the Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
    • Harper C, Fornes P, Duyckaerts C, Lecomte D, Hauw JJ. An international perspective on the prevalence of the Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. Metab Brain Dis 1995; 10: 17-24.
    • (1995) Metab Brain Dis , vol.10 , pp. 17-24
    • Harper, C.1    Fornes, P.2    Duyckaerts, C.3    Lecomte, D.4    Hauw, J.J.5
  • 55
    • 0032703730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Size of mamillary bodies in health and disease: useful measurements in neuroradiological diagnosis of Wernicke's encephalopathy
    • Sheedy D, Lara A, Garrick T, Harper C. Size of mamillary bodies in health and disease: useful measurements in neuroradiological diagnosis of Wernicke's encephalopathy. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1999; 23: 1624-1628.
    • (1999) Alcohol Clin Exp Res , vol.23 , pp. 1624-1628
    • Sheedy, D.1    Lara, A.2    Garrick, T.3    Harper, C.4
  • 56
    • 0032103943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome in Australia: has thiamine fortification made a difference?
    • Harper CG, Sheedy DL, Lara AI, Garrick TM, Hilton JM, Raisanen J. Prevalence of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome in Australia: has thiamine fortification made a difference? Med J Aust 1998; 168: 542-545.
    • (1998) Med J Aust , vol.168 , pp. 542-545
    • Harper, C.G.1    Sheedy, D.L.2    Lara, A.I.3    Garrick, T.M.4    Hilton, J.M.5    Raisanen, J.6
  • 57
    • 0033970410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuropathological findings after bone marrow transplantation: an autopsy study of 180 cases
    • Bleggi-Torres LF, De Medeiros BC, Werner B, et al. Neuropathological findings after bone marrow transplantation: an autopsy study of 180 cases. Bone Marrow Transplant 2000; 25: 301-307.
    • (2000) Bone Marrow Transplant , vol.25 , pp. 301-307
    • Bleggi-Torres, L.F.1    De Medeiros, B.C.2    Werner, B.3
  • 58
    • 67650499924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wernicke encephalopathy and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
    • Bertrand A, Brandel JP, Grignon Y, et al. Wernicke encephalopathy and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. J Neurol 2009; 256: 904-909.
    • (2009) J Neurol , vol.256 , pp. 904-909
    • Bertrand, A.1    Brandel, J.P.2    Grignon, Y.3
  • 59
  • 60
    • 56149120385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wernicke's encephalopathy: an underrecognized and reversible cause of confusional state in cancer patients
    • Kuo SH, Debnam JM, Fuller GN, De Groot J. Wernicke's encephalopathy: an underrecognized and reversible cause of confusional state in cancer patients. Oncology 2009; 76: 10-18.
    • (2009) Oncology , vol.76 , pp. 10-18
    • Kuo, S.H.1    Debnam, J.M.2    Fuller, G.N.3    De Groot, J.4
  • 61
    • 0014607066 scopus 로고
    • Changing incidence, distribution and histopathology of Wernicke's polioencephalopathy
    • Grunnet ML. Changing incidence, distribution and histopathology of Wernicke's polioencephalopathy. Neurology 1969; 19: 1135-1139.
    • (1969) Neurology , vol.19 , pp. 1135-1139
    • Grunnet, M.L.1
  • 62
    • 0022639125 scopus 로고
    • Clinical signs in the Wernicke-Korsakoff complex: a retrospective analysis of 131 cases diagnosed at necropsy
    • Harper CG, Giles M, Finlay-Jones R. Clinical signs in the Wernicke-Korsakoff complex: a retrospective analysis of 131 cases diagnosed at necropsy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1986; 49: 341-345.
    • (1986) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.49 , pp. 341-345
    • Harper, C.G.1    Giles, M.2    Finlay-Jones, R.3
  • 63
    • 0030817498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Iatrogenic Wernicke's encephalopathy in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: a study of eight cases
    • Bleggi-Torres LF, De Medeiros BC, Ogasawara VS, et al. Iatrogenic Wernicke's encephalopathy in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: a study of eight cases. Bone Marrow Transplant 1997; 20: 391-395.
    • (1997) Bone Marrow Transplant , vol.20 , pp. 391-395
    • Bleggi-Torres, L.F.1    De Medeiros, B.C.2    Ogasawara, V.S.3
  • 65
    • 0034811442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnetic resonance reflects the pathological evolution of Wernicke encephalopathy
    • Park SH, Kim M, Na DL, Jeon BS. Magnetic resonance reflects the pathological evolution of Wernicke encephalopathy. J Neuroimaging 2001; 11: 406-411.
    • (2001) J Neuroimaging , vol.11 , pp. 406-411
    • Park, S.H.1    Kim, M.2    Na, D.L.3    Jeon, B.S.4
  • 66
    • 0036917201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome: diagnostic contribution of magnetic resonance imaging
    • Varnet O, De Seze J, Soto-Ares G, et al. Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome: diagnostic contribution of magnetic resonance imaging. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2002; 158: 1181-1185.
    • (2002) Rev Neurol (Paris) , vol.158 , pp. 1181-1185
    • Varnet, O.1    De Seze, J.2    Soto-Ares, G.3
  • 67
    • 0038418800 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wernicke encephalopathy: MR findings and clinical presentation
    • Weidauer S, Nichtweiss M, Lanfermann H, Zanella FE. Wernicke encephalopathy: MR findings and clinical presentation. Eur Radiol 2003; 13: 1001-1009.
    • (2003) Eur Radiol , vol.13 , pp. 1001-1009
    • Weidauer, S.1    Nichtweiss, M.2    Lanfermann, H.3    Zanella, F.E.4
  • 68
    • 0142188772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnetic resonance imaging as a diagnostic adjunct to Wernicke encephalopathy in the ED
    • Chung SP, Kim SW, Yoo IS, Lim YS, Lee G. Magnetic resonance imaging as a diagnostic adjunct to Wernicke encephalopathy in the ED. Am J Emerg Med 2003; 21: 497-502.
    • (2003) Am J Emerg Med , vol.21 , pp. 497-502
    • Chung, S.P.1    Kim, S.W.2    Yoo, I.S.3    Lim, Y.S.4    Lee, G.5
  • 70
    • 32944466644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MR imaging with diffusion-weighted imaging in acute and chronic Wernicke encephalopathy
    • White ML, Zhang Y, Andrew LG, Hadley WL. MR imaging with diffusion-weighted imaging in acute and chronic Wernicke encephalopathy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2005; 26: 2306-2310.
    • (2005) AJNR Am J Neuroradiol , vol.26 , pp. 2306-2310
    • White, M.L.1    Zhang, Y.2    Andrew, L.G.3    Hadley, W.L.4
  • 71
    • 58249127410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MR imaging findings in 56 patients with Wernicke encephalopathy: nonalcoholics may differ from alcoholics
    • Zuccoli G, Santa Cruz D, Bertolini M, et al. MR imaging findings in 56 patients with Wernicke encephalopathy: nonalcoholics may differ from alcoholics. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2009; 30: 171-176.
    • (2009) AJNR Am J Neuroradiol , vol.30 , pp. 171-176
    • Zuccoli, G.1    Santa Cruz, D.2    Bertolini, M.3
  • 72
  • 74
    • 32944454541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MR Imaging of nonalcoholic Wernicke encephalopathy: a follow-up study
    • Zhong C, Jin L, Fei G. MR Imaging of nonalcoholic Wernicke encephalopathy: a follow-up study. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2005; 26: 2301-2305.
    • (2005) AJNR Am J Neuroradiol , vol.26 , pp. 2301-2305
    • Zhong, C.1    Jin, L.2    Fei, G.3
  • 75
    • 33748617860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pancreatic encephalopathy and Wernicke encephalopathy in association with acute pancreatitis: a clinical study
    • Sun GH, Yang YS, Liu QS, Cheng LF, Huang XS. Pancreatic encephalopathy and Wernicke encephalopathy in association with acute pancreatitis: a clinical study. World J Gastroenterol 2006; 12: 4224-4227.
    • (2006) World J Gastroenterol , vol.12 , pp. 4224-4227
    • Sun, G.H.1    Yang, Y.S.2    Liu, Q.S.3    Cheng, L.F.4    Huang, X.S.5
  • 76
    • 30444446379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MRI findings of Wernicke encephalopathy revisited due to hunger strike
    • Unlu E, Cakir B, Asil T. MRI findings of Wernicke encephalopathy revisited due to hunger strike. Eur J Radiol 2006; 57: 43-53.
    • (2006) Eur J Radiol , vol.57 , pp. 43-53
    • Unlu, E.1    Cakir, B.2    Asil, T.3
  • 77
    • 38349049180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical characteristics and MR imaging features of nonalcoholic Wernicke encephalopathy
    • Fei GQ, Zhong C, Jin L, et al. Clinical characteristics and MR imaging features of nonalcoholic Wernicke encephalopathy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2008; 29: 164-169.
    • (2008) AJNR Am J Neuroradiol , vol.29 , pp. 164-169
    • Fei, G.Q.1    Zhong, C.2    Jin, L.3
  • 78
    • 55949092440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of prolonged hunger strike: clinical and laboratory aspects of twenty-five hunger strikers
    • Kirbas D, Sutlas N, Kuscu DY, Karagoz N, Tecer O, Altun U. The impact of prolonged hunger strike: clinical and laboratory aspects of twenty-five hunger strikers. Ideggyogy Sz 2008; 61: 317-324.
    • (2008) Ideggyogy Sz , vol.61 , pp. 317-324
    • Kirbas, D.1    Sutlas, N.2    Kuscu, D.Y.3    Karagoz, N.4    Tecer, O.5    Altun, U.6
  • 79
    • 0032914278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do acute lesions of Wernicke's encephalopathy show contrast enhancement? Report of three cases and review of the literature
    • Mascalchi M, Simonelli P, Tessa C, et al. Do acute lesions of Wernicke's encephalopathy show contrast enhancement? Report of three cases and review of the literature Neuroradiology 1999; 41: 249-254.
    • (1999) Neuroradiology , vol.41 , pp. 249-254
    • Mascalchi, M.1    Simonelli, P.2    Tessa, C.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.