Chronic HBV infection outside treatment guidelines: Is treatment needed?

Antiviral Therapy

Volumn 18, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 229-235

  Evans, Alison A ^a,b   London, W Thomas ^b,c   Gish, Robert G ^d   Cohen, Chari ^a,b   Block, Tim M ^b,e  

^a DREXEL UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b HEPATITIS B FOUNDATION   (United States)

^c FOX CHASE CANCER CENTER   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^e DREXEL UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE; DNA POLYMERASE; HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGEN; HEPATITIS B(E) ANTIGEN; INTERFERON; VIRUS DNA;

ADULT; ADVERSE OUTCOME; AGE; ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION; ARTICLE; CANCER RISK; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; HEPATITIS B; HUMAN; INFECTION RISK; LIVER CELL CARCINOMA; MALE; MORTALITY; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK ASSESSMENT; SEX DIFFERENCE; TREATMENT PLANNING; VIRAL CLEARANCE; VIRUS LOAD;

ADULT; ANTIVIRAL AGENTS; CARCINOMA, HEPATOCELLULAR; FEMALE; HEPATITIS B, CHRONIC; HUMANS; LIVER NEOPLASMS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PRACTICE GUIDELINES AS TOPIC; RISK; VIRAL LOAD;

EID: 84875640776     PISSN: 13596535     EISSN: 20402058     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3851/IMP2325     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. Amin J, Law MG, Bartlett M, Kaldor JM, Dore GJ. Causes of death after diagnosis of hepatitis B or hepatitis C infection: a large community-based linkage study. Lancet 2006; 368:938-945.
2. Chen G, Lin W-Y, Shen FM, et al. Chronic HBV infection and mortality for non-liver causes: results from the Haimen City Cohort Study. Int J Epidemiol 2005; 34:132-137.
3. McMahon BJ. The natural history of chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Hepatology 2009; 49:S45-S55.
4. McMahon BJ. Selecting appropriate management strategies for chronic hepatitis B: who to treat. Am J Gastroenterol 2006; 101 Suppl 1:S7-S12.
5. Lok AS, Heathcote EJ, Hoofnagle JH. Management of hepatitis B: 2000 -summary of a workshop. Gastroenterology 2001; 120:1828-1853.
6. Beasley RP. Hepatitis B virus: the major etiology of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer 1988; 61:1942-1956.
7. Beasley RP. Hepatitis B virus as the etiologic agent in hepatocellular carcinoma -epidemiologic considerations. Hepatology 1982; 2:21S-26S.
8. Evans AA, Chen G, Ross EA, et al. Eight-year follow-up of the 90,000-person Haimen City Cohort: I. Hepatocellular carcinoma mortality, risk factors, and gender differences. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2002; 11:369-376.
9. Chen CJ, Yang H, Su J, et al. Risk of hepatocellular carcinoma across a biological gradient of serum hepatitis B virus DNA level. JAMA 2006; 295:65-73.
10. Ribes J, Cleries R, Rubio A, et al. Cofactors associated with liver disease mortality in an HBsAg-positive Mediterranean cohort: 20 years of follow-up. Int J Cancer 2006; 119:687-694.
11. Hepatitis B Foundation. HBF drug watch. (Updated 7 November 2012. Accessed 1 December 2012.) Available from http://www.hepb.org/professionals/hbf- drug-watch.htm
12. Lok AS, McMahon BJ. Chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology 2007; 45:507-539.
13. Lok AS, McMahon BJ. Chronic hepatitis B: update 2009. Hepatology 2009; 50:661-662.
14. Keeffe EB, Dieterich DT, Han SH, et al. A treatment algorithm for the management of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in the United States: 2008 update. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008; 6:1315-1341.
15. Keeffe EB, Dieterich DT, Han SH, et al. A treatment algorithm for the management of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in the United States: an update. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2006; 4:936-962.
16. European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: management of chronic hepatitis B. J Hepatol 2009; 50:227-242.
17. Liaw YF, Leung N, Kao JH, et al. Asian-Paciic consensus statement on the management of chronic hepatitis B: a 2008 update. Hepatol Int 2008; 2:263-283.
18. Kwon H, Lok AS. Does antiviral therapy prevent hepatocellular carcinoma? Antivir Ther 2011; 16:787-795.
19. Tong MJ, Pan CQ, Hann HW, et al. The management of chronic hepatitis B in Asian Americans. Dig Dis Sci 2011; 56:3143-3162.
20. Tong MJ, Hsu L, Chang PW, Blatt LM. Evaluation of current treatment recommendations for chronic hepatitis B: a 2011 update. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011; 26:829-835.
21. Chen G, Lin W, Shen F, et al. Past HBV viral load as predictor of mortality and morbidity from HCC and chronic liver disease in a prospective study. Am J Gastroenterol 2006; 101:1797-1803.
22. Liaw Y-F, Sung JJY, Chow WC, et al. Lamivudine for patients with chronic hepatitis B and advanced liver disease. N Engl J Med 2004; 351:1521-1531.
23. Yuen MF, Seto WK, Chow DH, et al. Long-term lamivudine therapy reduces the risk of long-term complications of chronic hepatitis B infection even in patients without advanced disease. Antivir Ther 2007; 12:1295-1303.
24. Cohen C, Holmberg SD, McMahon BJ, et al. Is chronic hepatitis B being undertreated in the United States? J Viral Hepat 2011; 18:377-383.
25. Gish RG, Gadano AC. Chronic hepatitis B: current epidemiology in the Americas and implications for management. J Viral Hepat 2006; 13:787-798.
26. Tai DI, Lin SM, Sheen IS, et al. Long-term outcome of hepatitis B e antigen-negative hepatitis B surface antigen carriers in relation to changes of alanine aminotransferase levels over time. Hepatology 2009; 49:1859-1867.
27. Tong MJ, Sun HE, Hsien C, Lu DS. Surveillance for hepatocellular carcinoma improves survival in Asian-American patients with hepatitis B: results from a community-based clinic. Dig Dis Sci 2010; 55:826-835.
28. Tong MJ, Nguyen MO, Tong LT, Blatt LM. Development of hepatocellular carcinoma after seroclearance of hepatitis B surface antigen. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2009; 7:889-893.
29. Villa E, Fattovich G, Mauro A, Pasino M. Natural history of chronic HBV infection: special emphasis on the prognostic implications of the inactive carrier state versus chronic hepatitis. Dig Liver Dis 2011; 43 Suppl 1:S8-S14.
30. Yang HI, Sherman M, Su J, et al. Nomograms for risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. J Clin Oncol 2010; 28:2437-2444.
31. Crook PD, Jones ME, Hall AJ. Mortality of hepatitis B surface antigen-positive blood donors in England and Wales. Int J Epidemiol 2003; 32:118-124.
32. Villeneuve JP, Desrochers M, Infante-Rivard C, et al. A longterm follow-up study of asymptomatic hepatitis B surface antigen-positive carriers in Montreal. Gastroenterology 1994; 106:1000-1005.
33. Manno M, Camma C, Schepis F, et al. Natural history of chronic HBV carriers in northern Italy: morbidity and mortality after 30 years. Gastroenterology 2004; 127:756-763.
34. Brunetto MR, Oliveri F, Coco B, et al. Outcome of anti-HBe positive chronic hepatitis B in alpha-interferon treated and untreated patients: a long term cohort study. J Hepatol 2002; 36:263-270.
35. Niederau C, Heintges T, Lange S, et al. Long-term follow-up of HBeAg-positive patients treated with interferon alfa for chronic hepatitis B. N Engl J Med 1996; 334:1422-1427.
36. Papatheodoridis GV, Manesis E, Hadziyannis SJ. The longterm outcome of interferon-alpha treated and untreated patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B. J Hepatol 2001; 34:306-313.
37. Mazzella G, Saracco G, Festi D, et al. Long-term results with interferon therapy in chronic type B hepatitis: a prospective randomized trial. Am J Gastroenterol 1999; 94:2246-2250.
38. Fattovich G, Olivari N, Pasino M, et al. Long-term outcome of chronic hepatitis B in Caucasian patients: mortality after 25 years. Gut 2008; 57:84-90.
39. Fattovich G, Bortolotti F, Donato F. Natural history of chronic hepatitis B: special emphasis on disease progression and prognostic factors. J Hepatol 2008; 48:335-352.
40. Prati D, Taioli E, Zanella A, et al. Updated deinitions of healthy ranges for serum alanine aminotransferase levels. Ann Intern Med 2002; 137:1-10.
41. Kim HC, Nam CM, Jee SH, et al. Normal serum aminotransferase concentration and risk of mortality from liver diseases: prospective cohort study. BMJ 2004; 328:983.
42. Eckman MH, Kaiser TE, Sherman KE. The cost-effectiveness of screening for chronic hepatitis B infection in the United States. Clin Infect Dis 2011; 52:1294-1306.
43. Tong MJ, Hsien C, Hsu L, Sun HE, Blatt LM. Treatment recommendations for chronic hepatitis B: an evaluation of current guidelines based on a natural history study in the United States. Hepatology 2008; 48:1070-1078.
44. Manos MM, Leyden WA, Murphy RC, Terrault NA, Bell BP. Limitations of conventionally derived chronic liver disease mortality rates: results of a comprehensive assessment. Hepatology 2008; 47:1150-1157.
45. Xu J, Kochanek MA, Murphy SL, Tejada-Vera B. National vital statistics reports. Deaths: inal data for 2007. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics 2010; pp. 1-135.
46. World Health Organization. Causes of death summary tables. (Updated May 2011. Accessed 1 May 2012.) Available from http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global- burden-disease/estimates-regional/en/index.html
47. Adams LA, Lymp JF, St Sauver J, et al. The natural history of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a population-based cohort study. Gastroenterology 2005; 129:113-121.
48. Ekstedt M, Franzen LE, Mathiesen UL, et al. Long-term follow-up of patients with NAFLD and elevated liver enzymes. Hepatology 2006; 44:865-873.
49. Bhala N, Angulo P, van der Poorten D, et al. The natural history of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with advanced ibrosis or cirrhosis: an international collaborative study. Hepatology 2011; 54:1208-1216.
50. Artz AS, Somerield MR, Feld JJ, et al. American Society of Clinical Oncology provisional clinical opinion: chronic hepatitis B virus infection screening in patients receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy for treatment of malignant diseases. J Clin Oncol 2010; 28:3199-3202.
51. Loomba R, Rowley A, Wesley R, et al. Systematic review: the effect of preventive lamivudine on hepatitis B reactivation during chemotherapy. Ann Intern Med 2008; 148:519-528.
52. Chan AC, Chok KS, Yuen WK, et al. Impact of antiviral therapy on the survival of patients after major hepatectomy for hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Arch Surg 2011; 146:675-681.
53. Hann HW, Bergin D, Coben R, DiMarino AJ. Prevention of new hepatocellular carcinoma with concomitant antiviral therapy in chronic hepatitis B patients whose initial tumor was successfully ablated. Int J Cancer 2011; 128:739-742.
54. Lok AS, Wu PC, Lai CL, et al. A controlled trial of interferon with or without prednisone priming for chronic hepatitis B. Gastroenterology 1992; 102:2091-2097.
55. Lai CL, Lok A, Lin H, et al. Placebo-controlled trial of recombinant a2-interferon in Chinese HBsAg-carrier children. Lancet 1987; 2:877-880.
56. Lai CL, Lin HJ, Lau JN, et al. Effect of recombinant alpha 2 interferon with or without prednisone inChinese HBsAg carrier children. Q J Med 1991; 78:155-163.
57. Lok AS. Does antiviral therapy for hepatitis B and C prevent hepatocellular carcinoma? J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011; 26:221-227.