메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 84, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 455-470

Trajectories of Internalizing Problems in War-Affected Sierra Leonean Youth: Examining Conflict and Postconflict Factors

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR; ADOLESCENT; ARTICLE; CHILD; CONTROL; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; MENTAL DISEASE; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; RISK FACTOR; SIERRA LEONE; WAR;

EID: 84875318682     PISSN: 00093920     EISSN: 14678624     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2012.01861.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (113)

References (82)
  • 1
    • 0031825063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of displacement on psychological wellbeing of refugee children
    • Adjukovic, M., & Adjukovic, D. (1998). Impact of displacement on psychological wellbeing of refugee children. International Review of Psychiatry, 10, 186-195.
    • (1998) International Review of Psychiatry , vol.10 , pp. 186-195
    • Adjukovic, M.1    Adjukovic, D.2
  • 2
    • 44849118808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Posttraumatic stress among children in Kurdistan
    • Ahmad, A. (2008). Posttraumatic stress among children in Kurdistan. Acta Paediatrica, 97, 884-888.
    • (2008) Acta Paediatrica , vol.97 , pp. 884-888
    • Ahmad, A.1
  • 4
    • 70649091223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The risk of return: Intimate partner violence in Northern Uganda's armed conflict
    • Annan, J., & Brier, M. (2010). The risk of return: Intimate partner violence in Northern Uganda's armed conflict. Social Science & Medicine, 70, 152-159.
    • (2010) Social Science & Medicine , vol.70 , pp. 152-159
    • Annan, J.1    Brier, M.2
  • 6
    • 34547642665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of trauma and PTSD symptoms with openness to reconciliation and feelings of revenge among former Ugandan and Congolese child soldiers
    • Bayer, C. P., Klasen, F., & Adam, H. (2007). Association of trauma and PTSD symptoms with openness to reconciliation and feelings of revenge among former Ugandan and Congolese child soldiers. Journal of the American Medical Association, 298, 555-559.
    • (2007) Journal of the American Medical Association , vol.298 , pp. 555-559
    • Bayer, C.P.1    Klasen, F.2    Adam, H.3
  • 8
    • 0028015604 scopus 로고
    • Initial reliability and validity of a new retrospective measure of child abuse and neglect
    • Bernstein, D. P., Fink, L., Handelsman, L., & Foote, J. (1994). Initial reliability and validity of a new retrospective measure of child abuse and neglect. American Journal of Psychiatry, 151, 1132-1136.
    • (1994) American Journal of Psychiatry , vol.151 , pp. 1132-1136
    • Bernstein, D.P.1    Fink, L.2    Handelsman, L.3    Foote, J.4
  • 9
    • 79952937519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attending to the mental health of war-affected children: The need for longitudinal and developmental research perspectives
    • Editorial]
    • Betancourt, T. S. (2011). Attending to the mental health of war-affected children: The need for longitudinal and developmental research perspectives. [Editorial] Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 50, 323-325.
    • (2011) Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , vol.50 , pp. 323-325
    • Betancourt, T.S.1
  • 10
    • 70649093958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Past horrors, present struggles: The role of stigma in the association between war experiences and psychosocial adjustment among former child soldiers in Sierra Leone
    • Betancourt, T. S., Agnew-Blais, J., Gilman, S. E., Williams, D. R., & Ellis, B. H. (2010). Past horrors, present struggles: The role of stigma in the association between war experiences and psychosocial adjustment among former child soldiers in Sierra Leone. Social Science & Medicine, 70, 17-26.
    • (2010) Social Science & Medicine , vol.70 , pp. 17-26
    • Betancourt, T.S.1    Agnew-Blais, J.2    Gilman, S.E.3    Williams, D.R.4    Ellis, B.H.5
  • 11
    • 77955145176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sierra Leone's former child soldiers: A follow-up study of psychosocial adjustment and community reintegration
    • Betancourt, T. S., Borisova, I. I., Brennan, R. B., Williams, T. P., Whitfield, T. H., de la Soudiere, M., et al. (2010). Sierra Leone's former child soldiers: A follow-up study of psychosocial adjustment and community reintegration. Child Development, 81, 1077-1095.
    • (2010) Child Development , vol.81 , pp. 1077-1095
    • Betancourt, T.S.1    Borisova, I.I.2    Brennan, R.B.3    Williams, T.P.4    Whitfield, T.H.5    de la Soudiere, M.6
  • 14
    • 45849124251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mental health of children affected by armed conflict: Protective processes and pathways to resilience
    • Betancourt, T. S., & Khan, K. T. (2008). The mental health of children affected by armed conflict: Protective processes and pathways to resilience. International Review of Psychiatry, 20, 317-328.
    • (2008) International Review of Psychiatry , vol.20 , pp. 317-328
    • Betancourt, T.S.1    Khan, K.T.2
  • 15
    • 84875318900 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interventions for children affected by war: An ecological perspective on psychosocial support and mental health care
    • (in press)
    • Betancourt, T. S., Meyers-Ohki, S. E., Charrow, A. P., & Tol, W. A. (in press). Interventions for children affected by war: An ecological perspective on psychosocial support and mental health care. American Journal of Community Psychology.
    • American Journal of Community Psychology
    • Betancourt, T.S.1    Meyers-Ohki, S.E.2    Charrow, A.P.3    Tol, W.A.4
  • 20
    • 33947269727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Centers for Disease Control. Retrieved October 30, 2006, from
    • Centers for Disease Control. (2005). State and local youth risk behavior survey. Retrieved October 30, 2006, from http://www.cdc.gov/HealthyYouth/yrbs/pdfs/2005highschoolquestionaire.pdf
    • (2005) State and local youth risk behavior survey
  • 21
    • 84986543095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Equifinality and multifinality in developmental psychopathology
    • Cicchetti, D., & Rogosch, F. (1996). Equifinality and multifinality in developmental psychopathology. Development and Psychopathology, 8, 597-600.
    • (1996) Development and Psychopathology , vol.8 , pp. 597-600
    • Cicchetti, D.1    Rogosch, F.2
  • 22
    • 85015836893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Girl soldiers and human rights: Lessons from Angola, Mozambique, Sierra Leone and Northern Uganda
    • Denov, M. (2007). Girl soldiers and human rights: Lessons from Angola, Mozambique, Sierra Leone and Northern Uganda. International Journal of Human Rights, 12, 813-836.
    • (2007) International Journal of Human Rights , vol.12 , pp. 813-836
    • Denov, M.1
  • 25
    • 77952504956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trajectories of anxiety in a population sample of children: Clarifying the role of children's behavioral characteristics and maternal parenting
    • Duchesne, S., Larose, S., Vitaro, F., & Tremblay, R. E. (2010). Trajectories of anxiety in a population sample of children: Clarifying the role of children's behavioral characteristics and maternal parenting. Development and Psychopathology, 22, 361-373.
    • (2010) Development and Psychopathology , vol.22 , pp. 361-373
    • Duchesne, S.1    Larose, S.2    Vitaro, F.3    Tremblay, R.E.4
  • 26
    • 0037220573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determinants of posttraumatic adjustment in adolescents from Sarajevo who experienced war
    • Durakovic-Belko, E., Kulenovic, A., & Dapic, R. (2003). Determinants of posttraumatic adjustment in adolescents from Sarajevo who experienced war. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 59, 27-40.
    • (2003) Journal of Clinical Psychology , vol.59 , pp. 27-40
    • Durakovic-Belko, E.1    Kulenovic, A.2    Dapic, R.3
  • 29
    • 79959360893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global burden of disease in young people aged 10-24 years: A systematic analysis
    • Gore, F. M., Bloem, P. J. N., Patton, G. C., Ferguson, J., Joseph, V., Coffey, C., et al. (2011). Global burden of disease in young people aged 10-24 years: A systematic analysis. The Lancet, 377, 2093-2102.
    • (2011) The Lancet , vol.377 , pp. 2093-2102
    • Gore, F.M.1    Bloem, P.J.N.2    Patton, G.C.3    Ferguson, J.4    Joseph, V.5    Coffey, C.6
  • 30
    • 0031912474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychological sequelae of torture and organized violence suffered by refugees from Iraq: Trauma-related factors compared with social factors in exile
    • Gorst-Unsworth, C., & Goldenberg, E. (1998). Psychological sequelae of torture and organized violence suffered by refugees from Iraq: Trauma-related factors compared with social factors in exile. British Journal of Psychiatry, 172, 90-94.
    • (1998) British Journal of Psychiatry , vol.172 , pp. 90-94
    • Gorst-Unsworth, C.1    Goldenberg, E.2
  • 31
    • 0022992715 scopus 로고
    • Loss of parent in childhood and adult psychiatric disorder: The role of lack of adequate parental care
    • Harris, T., Brown, G. W., & Bifulcoa, A. (1986). Loss of parent in childhood and adult psychiatric disorder: The role of lack of adequate parental care. Psychological Medicine, 16, 641-659.
    • (1986) Psychological Medicine , vol.16 , pp. 641-659
    • Harris, T.1    Brown, G.W.2    Bifulcoa, A.3
  • 32
    • 0028799794 scopus 로고
    • Functioning and well-being outcomes of patients with depression compared with chronic general medical illnesses
    • Hays, R. D., Wells, K. B., Sherbourne, C. D., Rogers, W., & Spritzer, K. (1995). Functioning and well-being outcomes of patients with depression compared with chronic general medical illnesses. Archives of General Psychiatry, 52, 11-19.
    • (1995) Archives of General Psychiatry , vol.52 , pp. 11-19
    • Hays, R.D.1    Wells, K.B.2    Sherbourne, C.D.3    Rogers, W.4    Spritzer, K.5
  • 38
    • 77958586128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple trauma and mental health in former Ugandan child soldiers
    • Klasen, F., Oettingen, G., Daniels, J., & Adam, H. (2010). Multiple trauma and mental health in former Ugandan child soldiers. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 23, 573-581.
    • (2010) Journal of Traumatic Stress , vol.23 , pp. 573-581
    • Klasen, F.1    Oettingen, G.2    Daniels, J.3    Adam, H.4
  • 39
    • 84875351349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recommendations to promote psychosocial well-being of children associated with armed forces and armed groups (CAAFAG) in Nepal
    • Transcultural Psychosocial Organization-Nepal (Ed.), Kathmandu, Nepal: UNICEF.
    • Kohrt, B. A. (2007). Recommendations to promote psychosocial well-being of children associated with armed forces and armed groups (CAAFAG) in Nepal. In Transcultural Psychosocial Organization-Nepal (Ed.), Psychosocial well-being of returned children: Findings and recommendations (pp. 1-36). Kathmandu, Nepal: UNICEF.
    • (2007) Psychosocial well-being of returned children: Findings and recommendations , pp. 1-36
    • Kohrt, B.A.1
  • 42
    • 0034930104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mothers' functioning and children's symptoms 5 years after a SCUD missile attack
    • Laor, N., Wolmer, L., & Cohen, D. J. (2001). Mothers' functioning and children's symptoms 5 years after a SCUD missile attack. American Journal of Psychiatry, 158, 1020-1026.
    • (2001) American Journal of Psychiatry , vol.158 , pp. 1020-1026
    • Laor, N.1    Wolmer, L.2    Cohen, D.J.3
  • 43
    • 84904834075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Promoting "resilient" posttraumatic adjustment in childhood and beyond: "Unpacking" life events, adjustment trajectories, resources, and interventions
    • D. Brom, R. Pat-Horenczyk & J. Ford (Eds.), New York: Routledge.
    • Layne, C. M., Beck, C. J., Rimmasch, H., Southwick, J. S., Moreno, M. A., & Hobfoll, S. E. (2009). Promoting "resilient" posttraumatic adjustment in childhood and beyond: "Unpacking" life events, adjustment trajectories, resources, and interventions. In D. Brom, R. Pat-Horenczyk & J. Ford (Eds.), Treating traumatized children: Risk, resilience, and recovery (pp. 13-47). New York: Routledge.
    • (2009) Treating traumatized children: Risk, resilience, and recovery , pp. 13-47
    • Layne, C.M.1    Beck, C.J.2    Rimmasch, H.3    Southwick, J.S.4    Moreno, M.A.5    Hobfoll, S.E.6
  • 44
    • 77955143321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unpacking trauma exposure risk factors and differential pathways of influence: Predicting post-war mental distress in Bosnian adolescents
    • Layne, C. M., Olsen, J. A., Baker, A., Legerski, J. P., Isakson, B., & Pašalić, A. (2010). Unpacking trauma exposure risk factors and differential pathways of influence: Predicting post-war mental distress in Bosnian adolescents. Child Development, 81, 1053-1076.
    • (2010) Child Development , vol.81 , pp. 1053-1076
    • Layne, C.M.1    Olsen, J.A.2    Baker, A.3    Legerski, J.P.4    Isakson, B.5    Pašalić, A.6
  • 46
    • 66149167566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of peer victimization and physical aggression on changes in internalizing from first to third grade
    • Leadbeater, B. J., & Hoglund, W. L. (2009). The effects of peer victimization and physical aggression on changes in internalizing from first to third grade. Child Development, 80, 843-859.
    • (2009) Child Development , vol.80 , pp. 843-859
    • Leadbeater, B.J.1    Hoglund, W.L.2
  • 47
    • 3042618226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Research and policy for building strengths: Processes and contexts of individual, family and community development
    • K. I. Maton, C. J. Schellenbach, B. J. Leadbeater, amp; A. L. Solarz (Eds.), Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
    • Leadbeater, B. J., Schellenbach, C. J., Maton, K. I., & Dodgen, D. W. (2004). Research and policy for building strengths: Processes and contexts of individual, family and community development. In K. I. Maton, C. J. Schellenbach, B. J. Leadbeater, & A. L. Solarz (Eds.), Investing in children, youth, families, and communities: Strengths-based research and policy (pp. 13-30). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
    • (2004) Investing in children, youth, families, and communities: Strengths-based research and policy , pp. 13-30
    • Leadbeater, B.J.1    Schellenbach, C.J.2    Maton, K.I.3    Dodgen, D.W.4
  • 48
    • 32144431585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stigma and its public health implications
    • Link, B. G., & Phelan, J. C. (2006). Stigma and its public health implications. The Lancet, 367, 528-529.
    • (2006) The Lancet , vol.367 , pp. 528-529
    • Link, B.G.1    Phelan, J.C.2
  • 50
    • 0026179201 scopus 로고
    • Vulnerability and resilience: A study of high-risk adolescents
    • Luthar, S. S. (1991). Vulnerability and resilience: A study of high-risk adolescents. Child Development, 62, 600-616.
    • (1991) Child Development , vol.62 , pp. 600-616
    • Luthar, S.S.1
  • 52
    • 0030076364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The war experiences and psychosocial development of children in Lebanon
    • Macksoud, M. S., & Aber, J. L. (1996). The war experiences and psychosocial development of children in Lebanon. Child Development, 67, 70-88.
    • (1996) Child Development , vol.67 , pp. 70-88
    • Macksoud, M.S.1    Aber, J.L.2
  • 53
    • 10944251341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigating psychosocial adjustment of former child soldiers in Sierra Leone and Uganda
    • MacMullin, C., & Loughry, M. (2004). Investigating psychosocial adjustment of former child soldiers in Sierra Leone and Uganda. Journal of Refugee Studies, 17, 460-472.
    • (2004) Journal of Refugee Studies , vol.17 , pp. 460-472
    • MacMullin, C.1    Loughry, M.2
  • 54
    • 33845338724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Projections of global mortality and burden of disease from 2002 to 2030
    • Mathers, C. D., & Loncar, D. (2006). Projections of global mortality and burden of disease from 2002 to 2030. PLoS Medicine, 3, 2011-2030.
    • (2006) PLoS Medicine , vol.3 , pp. 2011-2030
    • Mathers, C.D.1    Loncar, D.2
  • 56
    • 77956648912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mental health and armed conflict: The importance of distinguishing between war exposure and other sources of adversity: A response to Neuner
    • Miller, K. E., & Rasmussen, A. (2010a). Mental health and armed conflict: The importance of distinguishing between war exposure and other sources of adversity: A response to Neuner. Social Science & Medicine, 71, 1385-1389.
    • (2010) Social Science & Medicine , vol.71 , pp. 1385-1389
    • Miller, K.E.1    Rasmussen, A.2
  • 57
    • 70649105585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • War exposure, daily stressors, and mental health in conflict and post-conflict settings: Bridging the divide between trauma-focused and psychosocial frameworks
    • Miller, K. E., & Rasmussen, A. (2010b). War exposure, daily stressors, and mental health in conflict and post-conflict settings: Bridging the divide between trauma-focused and psychosocial frameworks. Social Science & Medicine, 70, 7-16.
    • (2010) Social Science & Medicine , vol.70 , pp. 7-16
    • Miller, K.E.1    Rasmussen, A.2
  • 58
    • 38049153429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychosocial effects of war experiences among displaced children in southern Darfur
    • Morgos, D., Worden, J. W., & Gupta, L. (2007). Psychosocial effects of war experiences among displaced children in southern Darfur. Omega (Westport), 56, 229-253.
    • (2007) Omega (Westport) , vol.56 , pp. 229-253
    • Morgos, D.1    Worden, J.W.2    Gupta, L.3
  • 61
    • 0035287985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analyzing developmental trajectories of distinct but related behaviors: A group-based method
    • Nagin, D. S., & Tremblay, R. E. (2001). Analyzing developmental trajectories of distinct but related behaviors: A group-based method. Psychological Methods, 6, 18-34.
    • (2001) Psychological Methods , vol.6 , pp. 18-34
    • Nagin, D.S.1    Tremblay, R.E.2
  • 62
    • 0038009574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal modeling with randomly and systematically missing data: A simulation of ad hoc, maximum likelihood, and multiple imputation techniques
    • Newman, D. A. (2003). Longitudinal modeling with randomly and systematically missing data: A simulation of ad hoc, maximum likelihood, and multiple imputation techniques. Organizational Research Methods, 6, 328-362.
    • (2003) Organizational Research Methods , vol.6 , pp. 328-362
    • Newman, D.A.1
  • 63
    • 67349224376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • General public awareness, perceptions, and attitudes with respect to epilepsy in the Akwaya Health District, South-West Region, Cameroon
    • doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2009.03.013
    • Njamnshi, A. K., Tabah, E. N., Yepnjio, F. N., Angwafor, S. A., Dema, F., Fonsah, J. Y., et al. (2009). General public awareness, perceptions, and attitudes with respect to epilepsy in the Akwaya Health District, South-West Region, Cameroon. Epilepsy Behavior, 15, 179-185. doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2009.03.013
    • (2009) Epilepsy Behavior , vol.15 , pp. 179-185
    • Njamnshi, A.K.1    Tabah, E.N.2    Yepnjio, F.N.3    Angwafor, S.A.4    Dema, F.5    Fonsah, J.Y.6
  • 65
    • 34548503149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment and prevention of mental disorders in low-income and middle-income countries
    • Patel, V., Araya, R., Chatterjee, S., Chisholm, D., Cohen, A., De Silva, M., et al. (2007). Treatment and prevention of mental disorders in low-income and middle-income countries. The Lancet, 370, 991-1005.
    • (2007) The Lancet , vol.370 , pp. 991-1005
    • Patel, V.1    Araya, R.2    Chatterjee, S.3    Chisholm, D.4    Cohen, A.5    De Silva, M.6
  • 66
    • 33947605780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mental health of young people: A global public-health challenge
    • Patel, V., Flisher, A. J., Hetrick, S., & McGorry, P. (2007). Mental health of young people: A global public-health challenge. The Lancet, 369, 1302-1313.
    • (2007) The Lancet , vol.369 , pp. 1302-1313
    • Patel, V.1    Flisher, A.J.2    Hetrick, S.3    McGorry, P.4
  • 67
    • 67649697699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Returning home: Forced conscription, reintegration, and mental health status of former abductees of the Lord's Resistance Army in northern Uganda
    • Pham, P. N., Vinck, P., & Stover, E. (2009). Returning home: Forced conscription, reintegration, and mental health status of former abductees of the Lord's Resistance Army in northern Uganda. BMC Psychiatry, 9, 23-36.
    • (2009) BMC Psychiatry , vol.9 , pp. 23-36
    • Pham, P.N.1    Vinck, P.2    Stover, E.3
  • 71
    • 0030879479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neighborhoods and violent crime: A multilevel study of collective efficacy
    • Sampson, R. J., Raudenbush, S. W., & Earls, F. (1997). Neighborhoods and violent crime: A multilevel study of collective efficacy. Science, 277, 918-924.
    • (1997) Science , vol.277 , pp. 918-924
    • Sampson, R.J.1    Raudenbush, S.W.2    Earls, F.3
  • 72
    • 84875348232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SAS Institute Inc. (version 9.2). Cary, NC: Author.
    • SAS Institute Inc. (2008). SAS (version 9.2). Cary, NC: Author.
    • (2008) SAS
  • 74
    • 77952484143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Matching method with theory in person-oriented developmental psychopathology research
    • Sterba, S. K., & Bauer, D. J. (2010). Matching method with theory in person-oriented developmental psychopathology research. Development and Psychopathology, 22, 239-254.
    • (2010) Development and Psychopathology , vol.22 , pp. 239-254
    • Sterba, S.K.1    Bauer, D.J.2
  • 75
    • 34247594972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trajectories of internalizing problems across childhood: Heterogeneity, external validity, and gender differences
    • Sterba, S. K., Prinstein, M. J., & Cox, M. J. (2007). Trajectories of internalizing problems across childhood: Heterogeneity, external validity, and gender differences. Development and Psychopathology, 19, 345-366.
    • (2007) Development and Psychopathology , vol.19 , pp. 345-366
    • Sterba, S.K.1    Prinstein, M.J.2    Cox, M.J.3
  • 76
    • 1642340647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comorbidity of PTSD and depression among refugee children during war conflict
    • Thabet, A. A., Abed, Y., & Vostanis, P. (2004). Comorbidity of PTSD and depression among refugee children during war conflict. Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry, 45, 533-542.
    • (2004) Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry , vol.45 , pp. 533-542
    • Thabet, A.A.1    Abed, Y.2    Vostanis, P.3
  • 80
    • 0030811247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial differences in physical & mental health: Socioeconomic status, stress, and discrimination
    • Williams, D. R., Yu, Y., Jackson, J. S., & Anderson, N. B. (1997). Racial differences in physical & mental health: Socioeconomic status, stress, and discrimination. Journal of Health Psychology, 2, 335-351.
    • (1997) Journal of Health Psychology , vol.2 , pp. 335-351
    • Williams, D.R.1    Yu, Y.2    Jackson, J.S.3    Anderson, N.B.4
  • 82
    • 38149131708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Health Organization. (July).. New York: World Health Organization. Retrieved from
    • World Health Organization. (2012, July). Process of translation and adaptation of instruments. New York: World Health Organization. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/substance_abuse/research_tools/translation/en/index.html
    • (2012) Process of translation and adaptation of instruments


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.