메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 8, Issue 3, 2013, Pages

Processing of Continuously Provided Punishment and Reward in Children with ADHD and the Modulating Effects of Stimulant Medication: An ERP Study

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

METHYLPHENIDATE;

EID: 84875295256     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059240     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (18)

References (61)
  • 1
    • 84870469320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American Psychiatric Association, fourth edition text revision (DSM-IV-TR). Washington DC: American Psychiatric Association
    • American Psychiatric Association (2000) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fourth edition text revision (DSM-IV-TR). Washington DC: American Psychiatric Association.
    • (2000) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders
  • 2
    • 0030638716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Behavioral inhibition, sustained attention, and executive functions: Constructing a unifying theory of ADHD
    • Barkley RA, (1997) Behavioral inhibition, sustained attention, and executive functions: Constructing a unifying theory of ADHD. Psychol Bull 121: 65-94.
    • (1997) Psychol Bull , vol.121 , pp. 65-94
    • Barkley, R.A.1
  • 3
    • 0028343176 scopus 로고
    • Effects of reward and nonreward on frustration and attention in attention-deficit disorder
    • Douglas VI, Parry PA, (1994) Effects of reward and nonreward on frustration and attention in attention-deficit disorder. J Abnorm Child Psychol 22: 281-302.
    • (1994) J Abnorm Child Psychol , vol.22 , pp. 281-302
    • Douglas, V.I.1    Parry, P.A.2
  • 4
    • 0023203779 scopus 로고
    • Attention-deficit disorder with hyperactivity - A specific hypothesis of reward dysfunction
    • Haenlein M, Caul WF, (1987) Attention-deficit disorder with hyperactivity- A specific hypothesis of reward dysfunction. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 26: 356-362.
    • (1987) J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry , vol.26 , pp. 356-362
    • Haenlein, M.1    Caul, W.F.2
  • 5
    • 26644469053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A dynamic developmental theory of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) predominantly hyperactive/impulsive and combined subtypes
    • Sagvolden T, Johansen EB, Aase H, Russell VA, (2005) A dynamic developmental theory of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) predominantly hyperactive/impulsive and combined subtypes. Behav Brain Sci 28: 397-468.
    • (2005) Behav Brain Sci , vol.28 , pp. 397-468
    • Sagvolden, T.1    Johansen, E.B.2    Aase, H.3    Russell, V.A.4
  • 6
    • 0033973304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cognitive-energetic model: An empirical approach to attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
    • Sergeant JA, (2000) The cognitive-energetic model: An empirical approach to attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 24: 7-12.
    • (2000) Neurosci Biobehav Rev , vol.24 , pp. 7-12
    • Sergeant, J.A.1
  • 7
    • 0242575034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dual pathway model of AD/HD: An elaboration of neuro-developmental characteristics
    • Sonuga-Barke E, (2003) The dual pathway model of AD/HD: An elaboration of neuro-developmental characteristics. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 27: 593-604.
    • (2003) Neurosci Biobehav Rev , vol.27 , pp. 593-604
    • Sonuga-Barke, E.1
  • 8
    • 11844300310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of reinforcement contingencies on AD/HD: A review and theoretical appraisal
    • Luman M, Oosterlaan J, Sergeant JA, (2005) The impact of reinforcement contingencies on AD/HD: A review and theoretical appraisal. Clin Psychol Rev 25: 183-213.
    • (2005) Clin Psychol Rev , vol.25 , pp. 183-213
    • Luman, M.1    Oosterlaan, J.2    Sergeant, J.A.3
  • 9
    • 77649339532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identifying the neurobiology of altered reinforcement sensitivity in ADHD: A review and research agenda
    • Luman M, Tripp G, Scheres A, (2010) Identifying the neurobiology of altered reinforcement sensitivity in ADHD: A review and research agenda. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 34: 744-54.
    • (2010) Neurosci Biobehav Rev , vol.34 , pp. 744-754
    • Luman, M.1    Tripp, G.2    Scheres, A.3
  • 10
    • 47349119960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Research review: Dopamine transfer deficit: A neurobiological theory of altered reinforcement mechanisms in ADHD
    • Tripp G, Wickens J, (2008) Research review: Dopamine transfer deficit: A neurobiological theory of altered reinforcement mechanisms in ADHD. Journal of child psychology and psychiatry 49: 691-704.
    • (2008) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , vol.49 , pp. 691-704
    • Tripp, G.1    Wickens, J.2
  • 11
    • 34249032875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing computational models of dopamine and noradrenaline dysfunction in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
    • Frank M, Santamaria A, O'Reilly R, Willcutt E, (2007) Testing computational models of dopamine and noradrenaline dysfunction in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology 32: 1583-1599.
    • (2007) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.32 , pp. 1583-1599
    • Frank, M.1    Santamaria, A.2    O'Reilly, R.3    Willcutt, E.4
  • 12
    • 33644816427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An integrative theory of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder based on the cognitive and affective neurosciences
    • Nigg JT, Casey BJ, (2005) An integrative theory of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder based on the cognitive and affective neurosciences. Dev Psychopathol 17: 785-806.
    • (2005) Dev Psychopathol , vol.17 , pp. 785-806
    • Nigg, J.T.1    Casey, B.J.2
  • 13
    • 0027675434 scopus 로고
    • Reflectivity and learning from aversive events - toward a psychological mechanism for the syndromes of disinhibition
    • Patterson C, Newman J, (1993) Reflectivity and learning from aversive events- toward a psychological mechanism for the syndromes of disinhibition. Psychol Rev 100: 716-736.
    • (1993) Psychol Rev , vol.100 , pp. 716-736
    • Patterson, C.1    Newman, J.2
  • 14
    • 0034052321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of reward and response cost on the performance and motivation of children with ADHD
    • Carlson CL, Mann M, Alexander DK, (2000) Effects of reward and response cost on the performance and motivation of children with ADHD. Cognitive Therapy and Research 24: 87-98.
    • (2000) Cognitive Therapy and Research , vol.24 , pp. 87-98
    • Carlson, C.L.1    Mann, M.2    Alexander, D.K.3
  • 15
    • 0034007231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Responsiveness of children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder to reward and response cost: Differential impact on performance and motivation
    • Carlson CL, Tamm L, (2000) Responsiveness of children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder to reward and response cost: Differential impact on performance and motivation. J Consult Clin Psychol 68: 73-83.
    • (2000) J Consult Clin Psychol , vol.68 , pp. 73-83
    • Carlson, C.L.1    Tamm, L.2
  • 16
    • 79251569290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From reinforcement learning models to psychiatric and neurological disorders
    • Maia TV, Frank MJ, (2011) From reinforcement learning models to psychiatric and neurological disorders. Nat Neurosci 14: 154-162.
    • (2011) Nat Neurosci , vol.14 , pp. 154-162
    • Maia, T.V.1    Frank, M.J.2
  • 17
    • 20444419002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A critical appraisal of the cognitive-energetic model
    • Sergeant JA, (2005) Modeling attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A critical appraisal of the cognitive-energetic model. Biol Psychiatry 57: 1248-1255.
    • (2005) Biol Psychiatry , vol.57 , pp. 1248-1255
    • Sergeant, J.A.1
  • 18
    • 54149102226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Error and feedback processing in children with ADHD and children with autistic spectrum disorder: An EEG event-related potential study
    • Groen Y, Wijers A, Mulder L, Waggeveld B, Minderaa R, et al. (2008) Error and feedback processing in children with ADHD and children with autistic spectrum disorder: An EEG event-related potential study. Clinical neurophysiology 119: 2476-2493.
    • (2008) Clinical Neurophysiology , vol.119 , pp. 2476-2493
    • Groen, Y.1    Wijers, A.2    Mulder, L.3    Waggeveld, B.4    Minderaa, R.5
  • 19
    • 77951880690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Size and probability of rewards modulate the feedback error-related negativity associated with wins but not losses in a monetarily rewarded gambling task
    • San Martin R, Manes F, Hurtado E, Isla P, Ibanez A, (2010) Size and probability of rewards modulate the feedback error-related negativity associated with wins but not losses in a monetarily rewarded gambling task. Neuroimage 51: 1194-1204.
    • (2010) Neuroimage , vol.51 , pp. 1194-1204
    • San Martin, R.1    Manes, F.2    Hurtado, E.3    Isla, P.4    Ibanez, A.5
  • 20
    • 4544337584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An ERP index of task relevance evaluation of visual stimuli
    • Potts GF, (2004) An ERP index of task relevance evaluation of visual stimuli. Brain and Cognition 56: 5-13.
    • (2004) Brain and Cognition , vol.56 , pp. 5-13
    • Potts, G.F.1
  • 21
    • 33745973891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When things are better or worse than expected: The medial frontal cortex and the allocation of processing resources
    • Potts GF, Martin LE, Burton P, Montague PR, (2006) When things are better or worse than expected: The medial frontal cortex and the allocation of processing resources. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 18: 1112-1119.
    • (2006) Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience , vol.18 , pp. 1112-1119
    • Potts, G.F.1    Martin, L.E.2    Burton, P.3    Montague, P.R.4
  • 22
    • 0024587768 scopus 로고
    • Attention to color - an analysis of selection, controlled search, and motor activation, using event-related potentials
    • Wijers A, Mulder G, Okit T, Mulder LJM, Scheffers M, (1989) Attention to color- an analysis of selection, controlled search, and motor activation, using event-related potentials. Psychophysiology 26: 89-109.
    • (1989) Psychophysiology , vol.26 , pp. 89-109
    • Wijers, A.1    Mulder, G.2    Okit, T.3    Mulder, L.J.M.4    Scheffers, M.5
  • 23
    • 0033997477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain potentials in affective picture processing: Covariation with autonomic arousal and affective report
    • Cuthbert BN, Schupp HT, Bradley MM, Birbaumer N, Lang PJ, (2000) Brain potentials in affective picture processing: Covariation with autonomic arousal and affective report. Biological Psychology 52: 95-111.
    • (2000) Biological Psychology , vol.52 , pp. 95-111
    • Cuthbert, B.N.1    Schupp, H.T.2    Bradley, M.M.3    Birbaumer, N.4    Lang, P.J.5
  • 24
    • 33748298946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attending to affect: Appraisal strategies modulate the electrocortical response to arousing pictures
    • Hajcak G, Moser JS, Simons RF, (2006) Attending to affect: Appraisal strategies modulate the electrocortical response to arousing pictures. Emotion 6: 517-522.
    • (2006) Emotion , vol.6 , pp. 517-522
    • Hajcak, G.1    Moser, J.S.2    Simons, R.F.3
  • 25
    • 0034012518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Affective picture processing: The late positive potential is modulated by motivational relevance
    • Schupp HT, Cuthbert BN, Bradley MM, Cacioppo JT, Ito T, et al. (2000) Affective picture processing: The late positive potential is modulated by motivational relevance. Psychophysiology 37: 257-261.
    • (2000) Psychophysiology , vol.37 , pp. 257-261
    • Schupp, H.T.1    Cuthbert, B.N.2    Bradley, M.M.3    Cacioppo, J.T.4    Ito, T.5
  • 26
    • 77951082615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Event-related potentials, emotion, and emotion regulation: An integrative review
    • Hajcak G, MacNamara A, Olvet D, (2010) Event-related potentials, emotion, and emotion regulation: An integrative review. Dev Neuropsychol 35: 129-155.
    • (2010) Dev Neuropsychol , vol.35 , pp. 129-155
    • Hajcak, G.1    MacNamara, A.2    Olvet, D.3
  • 27
    • 77955274664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variants of the SLC6A3 (DAT1) polymorphism affect performance monitoring-related cortical evoked potentials that are associated with ADHD
    • Althaus M, Groen Y, Wijers A, Minderaa R, Kema I, et al. (2010) Variants of the SLC6A3 (DAT1) polymorphism affect performance monitoring-related cortical evoked potentials that are associated with ADHD. Biol Psychol 85: 19-32.
    • (2010) Biol Psychol , vol.85 , pp. 19-32
    • Althaus, M.1    Groen, Y.2    Wijers, A.3    Minderaa, R.4    Kema, I.5
  • 30
    • 67650469084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methylphenidate improves diminished error and feedback sensitivity in ADHD: An evoked heart rate analysis
    • Groen Y, Mulder L, Wijers A, Minderaa R, Althaus M, (2009) Methylphenidate improves diminished error and feedback sensitivity in ADHD: An evoked heart rate analysis. Biol Psychol 82: 45-53.
    • (2009) Biol Psychol , vol.82 , pp. 45-53
    • Groen, Y.1    Mulder, L.2    Wijers, A.3    Minderaa, R.4    Althaus, M.5
  • 33
    • 41049117634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulation of response timing in ADHD, effects of reinforcement valence and magnitude
    • Luman M, Oosterlaan J, Sergeant JA, (2008) Modulation of response timing in ADHD, effects of reinforcement valence and magnitude. J Abnorm Child Psychol 36: 445-456.
    • (2008) J Abnorm Child Psychol , vol.36 , pp. 445-456
    • Luman, M.1    Oosterlaan, J.2    Sergeant, J.A.3
  • 34
    • 85047670409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The neural basis of human error processing: Reinforcement learning, dopamine, and the error-related negativity
    • Holroyd CB, Coles MG, (2002) The neural basis of human error processing: Reinforcement learning, dopamine, and the error-related negativity. Psychological Review 109: 679-709.
    • (2002) Psychological Review , vol.109 , pp. 679-709
    • Holroyd, C.B.1    Coles, M.G.2
  • 35
    • 4043101976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reinforcement-related brain potentials from medial frontal cortex: Origins and functional significance
    • Nieuwenhuis S, Holroyd CB, Mol N, Coles MGH, (2004) Reinforcement-related brain potentials from medial frontal cortex: Origins and functional significance. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 28: 441-448.
    • (2004) Neurosci Biobehav Rev , vol.28 , pp. 441-448
    • Nieuwenhuis, S.1    Holroyd, C.B.2    Mol, N.3    Coles, M.G.H.4
  • 36
    • 77957345657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-regulation in ADHD: The role of error processing
    • Shiels K, Hawk LW Jr, (2010) Self-regulation in ADHD: The role of error processing. Clin Psychol Rev 30: 951-961.
    • (2010) Clin Psychol Rev , vol.30 , pp. 951-961
    • Shiels, K.1    Hawk Jr., L.W.2
  • 39
    • 0033959254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NIMH diagnostic interview schedule for children version IV (NIMH DISC-IV): Description, differences from previous versions, and reliability of some common diagnoses
    • Shaffer D, Fisher P, Lucas CP, Dulcan MK, Schwab-Stone ME, (2000) NIMH diagnostic interview schedule for children version IV (NIMH DISC-IV): Description, differences from previous versions, and reliability of some common diagnoses. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 39: 28-38.
    • (2000) J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry , vol.39 , pp. 28-38
    • Shaffer, D.1    Fisher, P.2    Lucas, C.P.3    Dulcan, M.K.4    Schwab-Stone, M.E.5
  • 42
    • 0032880552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical use of rating scales in diagnosis and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
    • Conners CK, (1999) Clinical use of rating scales in diagnosis and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Pediatr Clin North Am 46: 857-870.
    • (1999) Pediatr Clin North Am , vol.46 , pp. 857-870
    • Conners, C.K.1
  • 43
    • 0842297288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Los Angeles (CA): Western Psychological Services. Dutch translation: Warreyn,P., Raymaekers,R., & Roeyers,H. (2004). Vragenlijst sociale communicatie. Destelbergen (België), SIG vzw
    • Rutter M, Bailey A, Lord C (2003) SCQ, social communication questionnaire. Los Angeles (CA): Western Psychological Services. Dutch translation: Warreyn,P., Raymaekers,R., & Roeyers,H. (2004). Vragenlijst sociale communicatie. Destelbergen (België), SIG vzw.
    • (2003) SCQ, social communication questionnaire
    • Rutter, M.1    Bailey, A.2    Lord, C.3
  • 44
    • 0027997172 scopus 로고
    • Autism diagnostic interview-revised: A revised version of a diagnostic interview for caregivers of individuals with possible pervasive developmental disorders
    • Lord C, Rutter M, Le Couteur A, (1994) Autism diagnostic interview-revised: A revised version of a diagnostic interview for caregivers of individuals with possible pervasive developmental disorders. J Autism Dev Disord 24: 659-685.
    • (1994) J Autism Dev Disord , vol.24 , pp. 659-685
    • Lord, C.1    Rutter, M.2    Le Couteur, A.3
  • 46
    • 1942504814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Context dependence of the event-related brain potential associated with reward and punishment
    • Holroyd CB, Larsen JT, Cohen JD, (2004) Context dependence of the event-related brain potential associated with reward and punishment. Psychophysiology 41: 245-253.
    • (2004) Psychophysiology , vol.41 , pp. 245-253
    • Holroyd, C.B.1    Larsen, J.T.2    Cohen, J.D.3
  • 47
    • 35348815763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physiological correlates of learning by performance feedback in children: A study of EEG event related potentials and evoked heart rate
    • Groen Y, Wijers AA, Mulder LJM, Minderaa RB, Althaus M, (2007) Physiological correlates of learning by performance feedback in children: A study of EEG event related potentials and evoked heart rate. Biological Psychology 76: 174-187.
    • (2007) Biological Psychology , vol.76 , pp. 174-187
    • Groen, Y.1    Wijers, A.A.2    Mulder, L.J.M.3    Minderaa, R.B.4    Althaus, M.5
  • 49
    • 35348999040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • It's worse than you thought: The feedback negativity and violations of reward prediction in gambling tasks
    • Hajcak G, Moser J, Holroyd C, Simons R, (2007) It's worse than you thought: The feedback negativity and violations of reward prediction in gambling tasks. Psychophysiology 44: 905-912.
    • (2007) Psychophysiology , vol.44 , pp. 905-912
    • Hajcak, G.1    Moser, J.2    Holroyd, C.3    Simons, R.4
  • 50
    • 60049088668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The neural consequences of flip-flopping: The feedback-related negativity and salience of reward prediction
    • Moser J, Simons R, (2009) The neural consequences of flip-flopping: The feedback-related negativity and salience of reward prediction. Psychophysiology 46: 313-320.
    • (2009) Psychophysiology , vol.46 , pp. 313-320
    • Moser, J.1    Simons, R.2
  • 51
    • 0037155597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The medial frontal cortex and the rapid processing of monetary gains and losses
    • Gehring WJ, Willoughby AR, (2002) The medial frontal cortex and the rapid processing of monetary gains and losses. Science 295: 2279-2282.
    • (2002) Science , vol.295 , pp. 2279-2282
    • Gehring, W.J.1    Willoughby, A.R.2
  • 52
    • 0031436055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Event-related brain potentials following incorrect feedback in a time-estimation task: Evidence for a "generic" neural system for error detection
    • Miltner WHR, Braun CH, Coles MGH, (1997) Event-related brain potentials following incorrect feedback in a time-estimation task: Evidence for a "generic" neural system for error detection. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 9: 788-798.
    • (1997) Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience , vol.9 , pp. 788-798
    • Miltner, W.H.R.1    Braun, C.H.2    Coles, M.G.H.3
  • 54
    • 24944479965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Telling good from bad news: ADHD differentially affects processing of positive and negative feedback during guessing
    • Van Meel CS, Oosterlaan J, Heslenfeld DJ, Sergeant JA, (2005) Telling good from bad news: ADHD differentially affects processing of positive and negative feedback during guessing. Neuropsychologia 43: 1946-1954.
    • (2005) Neuropsychologia , vol.43 , pp. 1946-1954
    • Van Meel, C.S.1    Oosterlaan, J.2    Heslenfeld, D.J.3    Sergeant, J.A.4
  • 55
    • 44149099546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrophysiological evidence of atypical motivation and reward processing in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
    • Holroyd CB, Baker TE, Kerns KA, Muller U, (2008) Electrophysiological evidence of atypical motivation and reward processing in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Neuropsychologia 46: 2234-2242.
    • (2008) Neuropsychologia , vol.46 , pp. 2234-2242
    • Holroyd, C.B.1    Baker, T.E.2    Kerns, K.A.3    Muller, U.4
  • 56
    • 0032174997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Negative information weighs more heavily on the brain: The negativity bias in evaluative categorizations
    • Ito TA, Larsen JT, Smith NK, Cacioppo JT, (1998) Negative information weighs more heavily on the brain: The negativity bias in evaluative categorizations. J Pers Soc Psychol 75: 887-900.
    • (1998) J Pers Soc Psychol , vol.75 , pp. 887-900
    • Ito, T.A.1    Larsen, J.T.2    Smith, N.K.3    Cacioppo, J.T.4
  • 57
    • 37849026062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reward anticipation and outcomes in adult males with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
    • Ströhle A, Stoy M, Wrase J, Schwarzer S, Schlagenhauf F, et al. (2008) Reward anticipation and outcomes in adult males with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Neuroimage 39: 966-972.
    • (2008) Neuroimage , vol.39 , pp. 966-972
    • Ströhle, A.1    Stoy, M.2    Wrase, J.3    Schwarzer, S.4    Schlagenhauf, F.5
  • 58
    • 33847274159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ventral striatal hyporesponsiveness during reward anticipation in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
    • Scheres A, Milham M, Knutson B, Castellanos F, (2007) Ventral striatal hyporesponsiveness during reward anticipation in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Biol Psychiatry 61: 720-724.
    • (2007) Biol Psychiatry , vol.61 , pp. 720-724
    • Scheres, A.1    Milham, M.2    Knutson, B.3    Castellanos, F.4
  • 59
    • 57049115386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neural hyporesponsiveness and hyperresponsiveness during immediate and delayed reward processing in adult attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity disorder
    • Plichta M, Vasic N, Wolf R, Lesch K, Brummer D, et al. (2009) Neural hyporesponsiveness and hyperresponsiveness during immediate and delayed reward processing in adult attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity disorder. Biol Psychiatry 65: 7-14.
    • (2009) Biol Psychiatry , vol.65 , pp. 7-14
    • Plichta, M.1    Vasic, N.2    Wolf, R.3    Lesch, K.4    Brummer, D.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.