Replacement of the heterologous 5' untranslated region allows preservation of the fully functional activities of type 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

Virology

Volumn 439, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 1-12

  Gao, Fei ^a   Yao, Huochun ^b   Lu, Jiaqi ^a   Wei, Zuzhang ^a   Zheng, Haihong ^a   Zhuang, Jinshan ^a   Tong, Guangzhi ^a   Yuan, Shishan ^a  

^a INSTITUTE OF PLANT PROTECTION   (China)

^b NANJING AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY   (China)

Author keywords

5' UTR; Chimeric clone; PRRSV; Stem loop structure

Indexed keywords

CIS ACTING ELEMENT;

5' UNTRANSLATED REGION; ANIMAL CELL; ARTERIVIRUS; ARTICLE; CLONE; CONTROLLED STUDY; GENOTYPE; IN VITRO STUDY; NONHUMAN; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; PHENOTYPE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RNA SYNTHESIS; VIRUS INFECTIVITY; VIRUS REPLICATION;

5' UNTRANSLATED REGIONS; ANIMALS; BASE SEQUENCE; BLOTTING, NORTHERN; CELL LINE; MODELS, MOLECULAR; MOLECULAR SEQUENCE DATA; NUCLEIC ACID CONFORMATION; PORCINE RESPIRATORY AND REPRODUCTIVE SYNDROME VIRUS; RECOMBINATION, GENETIC; RNA, VIRAL; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; SWINE; VIRAL LOAD; VIRAL PLAQUE ASSAY; VIRUS REPLICATION;

PORCINE RESPIRATORY AND REPRODUCTIVE SYNDROME VIRUS;

EID: 84874974760     PISSN: 00426822     EISSN: 10960341     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2012.12.013     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. Alexander O., Pasternak W.J.M.S.a.E.J.S. Nidovirus transcription: how to make sense...?. J. Gen. Virol. 2006, 87:1403-1421.
2. Alvarez D.E., Lodeiro M.F., Luduena S.J., Pietrasanta L.I., Gamarnik A.V. Long-range RNA-RNA interactions circularize the dengue virus genome. J. Virol. 2005, 79(11):6631-6643.
3. Andino R., Rieckhof G.E., Baltimore D. A functional ribonucleoprotein complex forms around the 5' end of poliovirus RNA. Cell 1990, 63(2):369-380.
4. Barton D.J., O'Donnell B.J., Flanegan J.B. 5' cloverleaf in poliovirus RNA is a cis-acting replication element required for negative-strand synthesis. EMBO J. 2001, 20(6):1439-1448.
5. Born E.V.D., Gultyaev A.P., Snijder E.J. Secondary structure and function of the 5'-proximal region of the equine arteritis virus RNA genome. RNA 2004, 10(3):424-437.
6. Born E.v.d., Posthuma C.C., Gultyaev A.P., Snijder E.J. Discontinuous subgenomic RNA synthesis in arteriviruses is guided by an RNA hairpin structure located in the genomic leader region. J. Virol. 2005, 79(10):6312-6324.
7. Cavanagh D. Nidovirales: a new order comprising Coronaviridae and Arteriviridae. Arch. Virol. 1997, 142(3):629-633.
8. De Rijk P., Wuyts J., De Wachter R. RnaViz 2: an improved representation of RNA secondary structure. Bioinformatics 2003, 19(2):299-300.
9. Dumas E., Staedel C., Colombat M., Reigadas S., Chabas S., Astier-Gin T., Cahour A., Litvak S., Ventura M. A promoter activity is present in the DNA sequence corresponding to the hepatitis C virus 5' UTR. Nucleic Acids Res. 2003, 31(4):1275-1281.
10. Fang Y., Snijder E.J. The PRRSV replicase: exploring the multifunctionality of an intriguing set of nonstructural proteins. Virus Res. 2010, 154(1-2):61-76.
11. Filomatori C.V., Lodeiro M.F., Alvarez D.E., Samsa M.M., Pietrasanta L., Gamarnik A.V. A 5' RNA element promotes dengue virus RNA synthesis on a circular genome. Genes Dev. 2006, 20(16):2238-2249.
12. Filomatori C.V., Lodeiro M.F., Alvarez D.E., Samsa M.M., Pietrasanta L., Gamarnik A.V. A 5' RNA element promotes dengue virus RNA synthesis on a circular genome. Genes Dev. 2007, 20:2238-2249.
13. Forsberg R. Divergence time of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus subtypes. Mol. Biol. Evol. 2005, 22(11):2131-2134.
14. Frolov I., Hardy R., Rice C.M. Cis-acting RNA elements at the 5' end of Sindbis virus genome RNA regulate minus- and plus-strand RNA synthesis. RNA 2001, 7(11):1638-1651.
15. Frolov I., McBride M.S., Rice C.M. Cis-acting RNA elements required for replication of bovine viral diarrhea virus-hepatitis C virus 5' nontranslated region chimeras. RNA 1998, 4(11):1418-1435.
16. Gallie D.R. A tale of two termini: a functional interaction between the termini of an mRNA is a prerequisite for efficient translation initiation. Gene 1998, 216(1):1-11.
17. Gamarnik A.V., Andino R. Switch from translation to RNA replication in a positive-stranded RNA virus. Genes Dev. 1998, 12(15):2293-2304.
18. Gao F., Lu J., Yao H., Wei Z., Yang Q., Yuan S. Cis-acting structural element in 5' UTR is essential for infectivity of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Virus Res. 2012, 163(1):108-119.
19. Halbur P.G., Paul P.S., Frey M.L., Landgraf J., Eernisse K., Meng X.J., Lum M.A., Andrews J.J., Rathje J.A. Comparison of the pathogenicity of two US porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus isolates with that of the Lelystad virus. Vet. Pathol. 1995, 32(6):648-660.
20. Hanada K., Suzuki Y., Nakane T., Hirose O., Gojobori T. The origin and evolution of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses. Mol. Biol. Evol. 2005, 22(4):1024-1031.
21. Herold J., Andino R. Poliovirus requires a precise 5' end for efficient positive-strand RNA synthesis. J. Virol. 2000, 74(14):6394-6400.
22. Kang H., Feng M., Schroeder M.E., Giedroc D.P., Leibowitz J.L. Putative cis-acting stem-loops in the 5' untranslated region of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus can substitute for their mouse hepatitis virus counterparts. J. Virol. 2006, 80(21):10600-10614.
23. Khromykh A.A., Kondratieva N., Sgro J.Y., Palmenberg A., Westaway E.G. Significance in replication of the terminal nucleotides of the flavivirus genome. J. Virol. 2003, 77(19):10623-10629.
24. Liao H.X., Chen X., Munshaw S., Zhang R., Marshall D.J., Vandergrift N., Whitesides J.F., Lu X., Yu J.S., Hwang K.K., Gao F., Markowitz M., Heath S.L., Bar K.J., Goepfert P.A., Montefiori D.C., Shaw G.C., Alam S.M., Margolis D.M., Denny T.N., Boyd S.D., Marshal E., Egholm M., Simen B.B., Hanczaruk B., Fire A.Z., Voss G., Kelsoe G., Tomaras G.D., Moody M.A., Kepler T.B., Haynes B.F. Initial antibodies binding to HIV-1 gp41 in acutely infected subjects are polyreactive and highly mutated. J. Exp. Med. 2011, 208(11):2237-2249.
25. Liu Y., Wimmer E., Paul A.V. Cis-acting RNA elements in human and animal plus-strand RNA viruses. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 2009, 1789(9-10):495-517.
26. Lodeiro M.F., Filomatori C.V., Gamarnik A.V. Structural and functional studies of the promoter element for dengue virus RNA replication. J. Virol. 2009, 83(2):993-1008.
27. Lu J., Gao F., Wei Z., Liu P., Liu C., Zheng H., Li Y., Lin T., Yuan S. A 5'-proximal stem-loop structure of 5' untranslated region of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus genome is key for virus replication. Virol. J. 2011, 8:172.
28. Matanin B.M., Huang Y., Meng X.J., Zhang C. Purification of the major envelop protein GP5 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) from native virions. J. Virol. Methods 2008, 147(1):127-135.
29. Meng X.J., Paul P.S., Halbur P.G. Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequencing of the 3'-terminal genomic RNA of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. J. Gen. Virol. 1994, 75(Pt 7):1795-1801.
30. Meulenberg J.J., de Meijer E.J., Moormann R.J. Subgenomic RNAs of Lelystad virus contain a conserved leader-body junction sequence. J. Gen. Virol. 1993, 74(Pt 8):1697-1701.
31. Meulenberg J.J., Hulst M.M., de Meijer E.J., Moonen P.L., den Besten A., de Kluyver E.P., Wensvoort G., Moormann R.J. Lelystad virus, the causative agent of porcine epidemic abortion and respiratory syndrome (PEARS), is related to LDV and EAV. Virology 1993, 192(1):62-72.
32. Mihalek R.M., Banerjee P.K., Korpi E.R., Quinlan J.J., Firestone L.L., Mi Z.P., Lagenaur C., Tretter V., Sieghart W., Anagnostaras S.G., Sage J.R., Fanselow M.S., Guidotti A., Spigelman I., Li Z., DeLorey T.M., Olsen R.W., Homanics G.E. Attenuated sensitivity to neuroactive steroids in gamma-aminobutyrate type A receptor delta subunit knockout mice. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1999, 96(22):12905-12910.
33. Murtaugh M.P., Elam M.R., Kakach L.T. Comparison of the structural protein coding sequences of the VR-2332 and Lelystad virus strains of the PRRS virus. Arch. Virol. 1995, 140(8):1451-1460.
34. Nagashima S., Sasaki J., Taniguchi K. The 5'-terminal region of the Aichi virus genome encodes cis-acting replication elements required for positive- and negative-strand RNA synthesis. J. Virol. 2005, 79(11):6918-6931.
35. Nagashima S., Sasaki J., Taniguchi K. The 5'-terminal region of the aichi virus genome encodes cis-acting replication elements required for positiveand negative-strand RNA synthesis. J. Virol. 2005, 79(11):6918-6931.
36. Nelsen C.J., Murtaugh M.P., Faaberg K.S. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus comparison: divergent evolution on two continents. J. Virol. 1999, 73(1):270-280.
37. Oleksiewicz M.B., Botner A., Nielsen J., Storgaard T. Determination of 5'-leader sequences from radically disparate strains of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus reveals the presence of highly conserved sequence motifs. Arch. Virol. 1999, 144(5):981-987.
38. Pasternak A.O., Spaan W.J., Snijder E.J. Nidovirus transcription: how to make sense...?. J. Gen. Virol. 2006, 87(Pt 6):1403-1421.
39. Rijnbrand R., Abell G., Lemon S.M. Mutational analysis of the GB virus B internal ribosome entry site. J. Virol. 2000, 74(2):773-783.
40. Rijnbrand R., van der Straaten T., van Rijn P.A., Spaan W.J., Bredenbeek P.J. Internal entry of ribosomes is directed by the 5' noncoding region of classical swine fever virus and is dependent on the presence of an RNA pseudoknot upstream of the initiation codon. J. Virol. 1997, 71(1):451-457.
41. Sawicki S.G., Sawicki D.L. Coronaviruses use discontinuous extension for synthesis of subgenome-length negative strands. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 1995, 380:499-506.
42. Snijder E.J. Arterivirus RNA synthesis dissected. Nucleotides, membranes, amino acids, and a bit of zinc. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 2001, 494:241-253.
43. Snijder E.J., Meulenberg J.J. The molecular biology of arteriviruses. J. Gen. Virol. 1998, 79(Pt 5):961-979.
44. Sun Z., Liu C., Tan F., Gao F., Liu P., Qin A., Yuan S. Identification of dispensable nucleotide sequence in 3' untranslated region of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Virus Res. 2010, 154(1-2):38-47.
45. Sun Z., Wang J.Y., Zhang J.W., Qin A.J., Yuan S.S. Identification of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus regulation sequence in 3'-untranslated region. Wei Sheng Wu Xue Bao 2007, 47(5):774-778.
46. TR F., B M. Structure and stability of mRNA synthesized by vaccinia virus-encoded bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase in mammalian cells. Importance of the 5' untranslated leader. J. Mol. Biol. 1989, 206(2):333-348.
47. Van Den Born E., Gultyaev A.P., Snijder E.J. Secondary structure and function of the 5'-proximal region of the equine arteritis virus RNA genome. RNA 2004, 10(3):424-437.
48. van Marle G., Dobbe J.C., Gultyaev A.P., Luytjes W., Spaan W.J., Snijder E.J. Arterivirus discontinuous mRNA transcription is guided by base pairing between sense and antisense transcription-regulating sequences. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1999, 96(21):12056-12061.
49. Wang Y., Liang Y., Han J., Burkhart K.M., Vaughn E.M., Roof M.B., Faaberg K.S. Attenuation of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus strain MN184 using chimeric construction with vaccine sequence. Virology 2008, 371(2):418-429.
50. Warter L., Cohen L., Benureau Y., Chavez D., Yang Y., Bodola F., Lemon S.M., Traboni C., Lanford R.E., Martin A. A cooperative interaction between nontranslated RNA sequences and NS5A protein promotes in vivo fitness of a chimeric hepatitis C/GB virus B. PLoS One 2009, 4(2):e4419.
51. Yu D., Lv J., Sun Z., Zheng H., Lu J., Yuan S. Reverse genetic manipulation of the overlapping coding regions for structural proteins of the type II porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Virology 2009, 383(1):22-31.
52. Yuan S., Mickelson D., Murtaugh M.P., Faaberg K.S. Complete genome comparison of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus parental and attenuated strains. Virus Res. 2001, 79(1-2):189-200.
53. Yuan S., Wei Z. Construction of infectious cDNA clones of PRRSV: separation of coding regions for nonstructural and structural proteins. Sci. China, Ser. C Life Sci. 2008, 51(3):271-279.
54. Zheng H., Sun Z., Zhu X.Q., Long J., Lu J., Lv J., Yuan S. Recombinant PRRSV expressing porcine circovirus sequence reveals novel aspect of transcriptional control of porcine arterivirus. Virus Res. 2010, 148(1-2):8-16.
55. Zuker M. Mfold web server for nucleic acid folding and hybridization prediction. Nucleic Acids Res. 2003, 31(13):3406-3415.