Is specific HIV eradication from the brain possible or needed?

Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy

Volumn 13, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 403-409

  Brew, Bruce J ^a,b   Gray, Lachlan ^c,d   Lewin, Sharon ^c,d   Churchill, Melissa ^c,d  

^a ST VINCENT S HOSPITAL   (Australia)

^b St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research   (Australia)

^c BURNET INSTITUTE   (Australia)

^d MONASH UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

Brain; Central nervous system; Eradication; HIV; HIV associated neurocognitive disorders

Indexed keywords

LISINOPRIL; MESALAZINE; METHOTREXATE; RIFAXIMIN; VORINOSTAT;

BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER; BRAIN DISEASE; BRAIN INFECTION; CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; CELL TRANSFER; COGNITIVE DEFECT; DISEASE SEVERITY; ERADICATION THERAPY; FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTED PATIENT; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; IMMUNE RESPONSE; IMMUNOSURVEILLANCE; LIMIT OF DETECTION; MENTAL DETERIORATION; NERVE CELL PLASTICITY; NEURAL STEM CELL; NEUROPROTECTION; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; RESERVOIR; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK REDUCTION; RNA INTERFERENCE; SEROCONVERSION;

AIDS DEMENTIA COMPLEX; ANTIVIRAL AGENTS; BRAIN; DISEASE ERADICATION; DISEASE RESERVOIRS; HIV-1; HUMANS; VIRUS LATENCY;

EID: 84873920186     PISSN: 14712598     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2013.748029     Document Type: Review

References (63)

1. Deeks SG, Autran B, Berkhout B, et al. Towards an HIV cure: a global scientific strategy. Nat Rev Immunol 2012;12(8):607-14
2. Lewin SR, Rouzioux C. HIV cure and eradication: how will we get from the laboratory to effective clinical trials? AIDS 2011;25:885-97
3. Archin NM, Liberty AL, Kashuba AD, et al. Administration of vorinostat disrupts HIV-1 latency in patients on antiretroviral therapy. Nature 2012;487(7408):482-5
4. Chun TW, Fauci AS. HIV reservoirs: pathogenesis and obstacles to viral eradication and cure. AIDS 2012;26(10):1261-8
5. Siliciano RF, Greene WC. HIV latency. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2011;1(1):a007096
6. Smith MZ, Wightman F, Lewin SR. HIV reservoirs and strategies for eradication. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 2012;9:5-15
7. Durand CM, Ghiaur G, Siliciano JD, et al. HIV-1 DNA is detected in bone marrow populations containing CD4+ T cells but is not found in purified CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells in most patients on antiretroviral therapy. J Infect Dis 2012;205(6):1014-18
8. Carter CC, Onafuwa-Nuga A, McNamara LA, et al. HIV-1 infects multipotent progenitor cells causing cell death and establishing latent cellular reservoirs. Nat Med 2010;16(4):446-51
9. Josefsson L, Eriksson S, Sinclair E, et al. Hematopoietic precursor cells isolated from patients on long-term suppressive HIV therapy did not contain HIV-1 DNA. J Infect Dis 2012;206(1):28-34
10. Yukl SA, Gianella S, Sinclair E, et al. Differences in HIV burden and immune activation within the gut of HIV-positive patients receiving suppressive antiretroviral therapy. J Infect Dis 2010;202(10):1553-61
11. Lafeuillade A, Soriano V, Suzan-Monti M, et al. Highlights from the 2012 International Symposium on HIV & Emerging Infectious Diseases (ISHEID): from cART management to the search of an HIV cure. AIDS Res Ther 2012;9:23
12. Colin L, Van Lint C. Molecular control of HIV-1 postintegration latency: implications for the development of new therapeutic strategies. Retrovirology 2009;6:111
13. Coull JJ, Romerio F, Sun JM, et al. The human factors YY1 and LSF repress the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat via recruitment of histone deacetylase 1. J Virol 2000;74:6790-9
14. Ylisastigui L, Coull JJ, Rucker VC, et al. Polyamides reveal a role for repression in latency within resting T cells of HIV-infected donors. J Infect Dis 2004;190:1429-37
15. Blazkova J, Trejbalova K, Gondois-Rey F, et al. CpG methylation controls reactivation of HIV from latency. PLoS Pathog 2009;5(8):e1000554
16. Kauder SE, Bosque A, Lindqvist A, et al. Epigenetic regulation of HIV-1 latency by cytosine methylation. PLoS Pathog 2009;5:e1000495
17. Han Y, Lin YB, An W, et al. Orientation-dependent regulation of integrated HIV-1 expression by host gene transcriptional read through. Cell Host Microbe 2008;4(2):134-46
18. Lenasi T, Contreras X, Peterlin BM. Transcriptional interference antagonizes proviral gene expression to promote HIV latency. Cell Host Microbe 2008;4:123-33
19. Williams SA, Greene WC. Regulation of HIV-1 latency by T-cell activation. Cytokine 2007;39:63-74
20. Chun TW, Engel D, Mizell SB, et al. Induction of HIV-1 replication in latently infected CD4R T cells using a combination of cytokines. J Exp Med 1998;188:83-91
21. Hutter G, Nowak D, Mossner M, et al. Long-term control of HIV by CCR5 delta32/delta32 stem-cell transplantation. N Engl J Med 2009;360:692-8
22. Allers K, Hutter G, Hofmann J, et al. Evidence for the cure of HIV infection by CCR5Delta32/Delta32 stem cell transplantation. Blood 2011;117:2791-9
23. Shan L, Deng K, Shroff NS, et al. Stimulation of HIV-1-specific cytolytic T lymphocytes facilitates elimination of latent viral reservoir after virus reactivation. Immunity 2012;36(3):491-501
24. Hubner W, McNerney GP, Chen P, et al. Quantitative 3D video microscopy of HIV transfer across T cell virological synapses. Science 2009;323(5922):1743-7
25. Contreras X, Schweneker M, Chen CS, et al. Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid reactivates HIV from latently infected cells. J Biol Chem 2009;284(11):6782-9
26. Wightman F, Ellenberg P, Churchill M, Lewin SR. HDAC inhibitors in HIV. Immunol Cell Biol 2012;90(1):47-54
27. Wang FX, Xu Y, Sullivan J, et al. IL-7 is a potent and proviral strain-specific inducer of latent HIV-1 cellular reservoirs of infected individuals on virally suppressive HAART. J Clin Invest 2005;115(1):128-37
28. Saleh S, Wightman F, Ramanayake S, et al. Expression and reactivation of HIV in a chemokine induced model of HIV latency in primary resting CD4+ T cells. Retrovirology 2011;8:80
29. Vandergeeten C, Da Fonseca S, Sereti I, et al. Differential impact of IL-7 and IL-15 on HIV reservoir persistence [abstract no. MOAA0101]. 6th IAS Conference on HIV Pathogenesis and Treatment; Rome; 2011
30. Xing S, Bullen CK, Shroff NS, et al. Disulfiram reactivates latent HIV-1 in a Bcl-2-transduced primary CD4+ T cell model without inducing global T cell activation. J Virol 2011;85(12):6060-4
31. Friedman J, Cho WK, Chu CK, et al. Epigenetic silencing of HIV-1 by the histone H3 lysine 27 methyltransferase enhancer of zeste 2. J Virol 2011;85(17):9078-89
32. Contreras X, Barboric M, Lenasi T, Peterlin BM. HMBA releases P-TEFb from HEXIM1 and 7SK snRNA via PI3K/Akt and activates HIV transcription. PLoS Pathog 2007;3(10):1459-69
33. Bouchat S, Gatot JS, Kabeya K, et al. Histone methyltransferase inhibitors induce HIV-1 recovery in resting CD4 (+) T cells from HIV-1-infected HAART-treated patients. AIDS 2012;26(12):1473-82
34. Xing S, Bhat S, Shroff NS, et al. Novel structurally related compounds reactivate latent HIV-1 in a bcl-2-transduced primary CD4+ T cell model without inducing global T cell activation. J Antimicrob Chemother 2012;67(2):398-403
35. Reuse S, Calao M, Kabeya K, et al. Synergistic activation of HIV-1 expression by deacetylase inhibitors and prostratin: implications for treatment of latent infection. PLoS ONE 2009;4(6):e6093
36. Shan L, Deng K, Shroff NS, et al. Stimulation of HIV-1 specifice cytolytic T lymphocytes facilitates elimination of latent viral reservoir after virus reactivation. Immunity 2012;36(3):491-501
37. Henrich TJ, Sciaranghella G, Li JZ, et al. Long-term reduction in peripheral blood HIV-1 reservoirs following reduced-intensity conditioning allogeneic stem cell transplantation in two HIV-positive individuals [abstract] [abstract no. THAA0101]. 19th International AIDS Conference; 22-27 July 2012; Washington DC
38. DiGiusto DL, Krishnan A, Li L, et al. RNA-based gene therapy for HIV with lentiviral vector-modified CD34(+) cells in patients undergoing transplantation for AIDS-related lymphoma. Sci Transl Med 2010;2(36):36ra43
39. Hutter G, Ganepola S. Eradication of HIV by transplantation of CCR5-deficient hematopoietic stem cells. Sci World J 2011;11:1068-76
40. Langford D, Marquie-Beck J, de Almeida S, et al. Relationship of antiretroviral treatment to postmortem brain tissue viral load in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. J Neurovirol 2006;12(2):100-7
41. Churchill MJ, Wesselingh SL, Cowley D, et al. Astrocyte infection by HIV is extensive and correlates with dementia and neuropathology. Ann Neurol 2009;66:253-8
42. Gelman B, Tiansheng Chen T, Lisinicchia J, et al. HIV latency and viral DNA cache's in the human brain: post-integration DNA is highest in specimens obtained prior to HAART and is enriched in white matter. J. Neurovirol 2012;18(Suppl 1):S1-S132; P81
43. Eden A, Price RW, Spudich S, et al. Immune activation of the central nervous system is still present after > 4 years of effective highly active antiretroviral therapy. JID 2007;196(12):1779-83
44. Cysique LA, Brew BJ. Prevalence of non-confounded HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment in the context of undetectable plasma viral load. J Neurovirol 2011;17(2):176-83
45. Heaton RK, Clifford DB, Franklin DR Jr. HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders persist in the era of potent antiretroviral therapy: CHARTER Study. Neurology 2010;75(23):2087-96
46. Gray L, Cowley D, Crespan E, et al. Reduced basal transcriptional activity of central nervous system-derived HIV-1 long terminal repeats. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2012; [Epub ahead of print]
47. Alvarez D, Dobrowolsky C, Karn J. The Nurr1/CoREST transrepression pathway impairs HIV reactivation in latently infected microglial cells. J Neurovirol 2012;18(Suppl 1):S1-S132; P11
48. Soulas C, Donahue RE, Dunbar CE, et al. Genetically modified CD34 hematopoietic stem cells contribute to turnover of brain perivascular macrophages in long-term repopulated primates. Am J Pathol 2009;174:1808-17
49. Gonzalez-Scarano F, Martin-Garcia J. The neuropathogenesis of AIDS. Nat Rev Immunol 2005;5(1):69-81
50. Spudich S, Gonzalez-Scarano F. HIV-1-Related Central Nervous System disease: current issues in pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2012;2(6):a007120
51. Kramer-Hammerle S, Rothenaigner I, Wolff H, et al. Cells of the central nervous system as targets and reservoirs of the human immunodeficiency virus. Virus Res 2005;111(2):194-213
52. Gray L, Tachedjian G, Ellett A, et al. Reduced Effectiveness of the NRTIs d4T and AZT in Astrocytes: implications for Neuro-cART. J Neurovirol 2012;18(Suppl 1):S1-S132; P88
53. Brew BJ, Letendre S. Biomarkers of HIV related Central Nervous System disease. Int Rev Psychiatry 2008;20(1):73-88
54. Thurnher MM, Donovan Post MJ. Neuroimaging in the brain in HIV-1-infected patients. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 2008;18(1):93-117
55. Holt JL, Kraft-Terry SD, Chang L. Neuroimaging studies of the aging HIV-1-infected brain. J Neurovirol 2012;18(4):291-302
56. Jack CR Jr, Knopman DS, Jagust WJ, et al. Hypothetical model of dynamic biomarkers of the Alzheimer's pathological cascade. Lancet Neurol 2010;9(1):119-28
57. Bateman RJ, Xiong C, Benzinger TL, et al. Clinical and biomarker changes in dominantly inherited Alzheimer's disease. N Engl J Med 2012;367(9):795-804
58. Antinori A, Arendt G, Becker JT, et al. Updated research nosology for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. Neurology 2007;69(18):1789-99
59. Heaton R, Franklin D, Woods S, et al. Asymptomatic Mild HIV-associated Neurocognitive Disorder Increases Risk for Future Symptomatic Decline: A CHARTER Longitudinal Study. #77 12th CROI. Available from: http://retroconference.org
60. Mothobi N, Brew BJ. Neurocognitive dysfunction in the HAART Era. Clin Infect Dis 2012;25(1):4-9
61. Lassen KG, Ramyar KX, Bailey JR, et al. Nuclear retention of of multiply spliced HIV-1 RNA in resting CD4+ T cells. PLoS Pathog 2006;2(7):e68
62. Robinson SR, Bishop GM, Lee HG, Munch G. Lessons from the AN 1792 Alzheimer vaccine: lest we forget. Neurobiol Aging 2004;25(5):609-15
63. Thompson KA, Cherry CL, Bell JE, McLean CA. Brain cell reservoirs of latent virus in presymptomatic HIV-infected individuals. Am J Pathol 2011;179(4):1623-9