메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 8, Issue 2, 2013, Pages

Brain Training Game Boosts Executive Functions, Working Memory and Processing Speed in the Young Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; ATTENTION; CONTROLLED STUDY; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; FEMALE; FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; MALE; MENTAL CAPACITY; MENTAL PERFORMANCE; READING; RECREATION; SHORT TERM MEMORY; TASK PERFORMANCE; VISUAL FEEDBACK; WORKING MEMORY;

EID: 84873540417     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055518     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (165)

References (93)
  • 1
    • 33644830536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of the adolescent brain: implications for executive function and social cognition
    • Blakemore SJ, Choudhury S, (2006) Development of the adolescent brain: implications for executive function and social cognition. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 47: 296-312.
    • (2006) J Child Psychol Psychiatry , vol.47 , pp. 296-312
    • Blakemore, S.J.1    Choudhury, S.2
  • 3
    • 7444236416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maturation of cognitive processes from late childhood to adulthood
    • Luna B, Garver KE, Urban TA, Lazar NA, Sweeney JA, (2004) Maturation of cognitive processes from late childhood to adulthood. Child Dev 75: 1357-1372.
    • (2004) Child Dev , vol.75 , pp. 1357-1372
    • Luna, B.1    Garver, K.E.2    Urban, T.A.3    Lazar, N.A.4    Sweeney, J.A.5
  • 4
    • 0028411577 scopus 로고
    • The course of adult intellectual development
    • Schaie KW, (1994) The course of adult intellectual development. Am Psychol 49: 304-313.
    • (1994) Am Psychol , vol.49 , pp. 304-313
    • Schaie, K.W.1
  • 5
    • 0031005504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emergence of a powerful connection between sensory and cognitive functions across the adult life span: a new window to the study of cognitive aging?
    • Baltes PB, Lindenberger U, (1997) Emergence of a powerful connection between sensory and cognitive functions across the adult life span: a new window to the study of cognitive aging? Psychol Aging 12: 12-21.
    • (1997) Psychol Aging , vol.12 , pp. 12-21
    • Baltes, P.B.1    Lindenberger, U.2
  • 7
    • 84867077951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do action video games improve perception and cognition?
    • Boot WR, Blakely DP, Simons DJ, (2011) Do action video games improve perception and cognition? Front Psychol 2: 226.
    • (2011) Front Psychol , vol.2 , pp. 226
    • Boot, W.R.1    Blakely, D.P.2    Simons, D.J.3
  • 8
    • 84855673904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain training game improves executive functions and processing speed in the elderly: A randomized controlled trial
    • Nouchi R, Taki Y, Takeuchi H, Hashizume H, Akitsuki Y, et al. (2012) Brain training game improves executive functions and processing speed in the elderly: A randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 7: e29676.
    • (2012) PLoS One , vol.7
    • Nouchi, R.1    Taki, Y.2    Takeuchi, H.3    Hashizume, H.4    Akitsuki, Y.5
  • 10
    • 79951776608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of working memory training on cognitive functions and neural systems
    • Takeuchi H, Taki Y, Kawashima R, (2010) Effects of working memory training on cognitive functions and neural systems. Rev Neurosci 21: 427-449.
    • (2010) Rev Neurosci , vol.21 , pp. 427-449
    • Takeuchi, H.1    Taki, Y.2    Kawashima, R.3
  • 11
  • 12
    • 0038700754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Action video game modifies visual selective attention
    • Green CS, Bavelier D, (2003) Action video game modifies visual selective attention. Nature 423: 534-537.
    • (2003) Nature , vol.423 , pp. 534-537
    • Green, C.S.1    Bavelier, D.2
  • 14
    • 84856889176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain training in older adults: evidence of transfer to memory span performance and pseudo-Matthew effects
    • McDougall S, House B, (2012) Brain training in older adults: evidence of transfer to memory span performance and pseudo-Matthew effects. Neuropsychol Dev Cogn B Aging Neuropsychol Cogn 19: 195-221.
    • (2012) Neuropsychol Dev Cogn B Aging Neuropsychol Cogn , vol.19 , pp. 195-221
    • McDougall, S.1    House, B.2
  • 15
    • 76849093213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using a games console in the primary classroom: Effects of 'Brain Training' programme on computation and self-esteem
    • Miller DJ, Robertson DP, (2010) Using a games console in the primary classroom: Effects of 'Brain Training' programme on computation and self-esteem. Br J Educ Technol 41: 242-255.
    • (2010) Br J Educ Technol , vol.41 , pp. 242-255
    • Miller, D.J.1    Robertson, D.P.2
  • 16
    • 80051718142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Educational benefits of using game consoles in a primary classroom: A randomised controlled trial
    • Miller DJ, Robertson DP, (2011) Educational benefits of using game consoles in a primary classroom: A randomised controlled trial. Br J Educ Technol 42: 850-864.
    • (2011) Br J Educ Technol , vol.42 , pp. 850-864
    • Miller, D.J.1    Robertson, D.P.2
  • 18
    • 33947523213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Memory plasticity across the life span: uncovering children's latent potential
    • Brehmer Y, Li SC, Muller V, von Oertzen T, Lindenberger U, (2007) Memory plasticity across the life span: uncovering children's latent potential. Dev Psychol 43: 465-478.
    • (2007) Dev Psychol , vol.43 , pp. 465-478
    • Brehmer, Y.1    Li, S.C.2    Muller, V.3    von Oertzen, T.4    Lindenberger, U.5
  • 19
    • 45849106902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transfer of learning after updating training mediated by the striatum
    • Dahlin E, Neely AS, Larsson A, Backman L, Nyberg L, (2008) Transfer of learning after updating training mediated by the striatum. Science 320: 1510-1512.
    • (2008) Science , vol.320 , pp. 1510-1512
    • Dahlin, E.1    Neely, A.S.2    Larsson, A.3    Backman, L.4    Nyberg, L.5
  • 20
    • 58749115975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasticity of executive functioning in young and older adults: immediate training gains, transfer, and long-term maintenance
    • Dahlin E, Nyberg L, Backman L, Neely AS, (2008) Plasticity of executive functioning in young and older adults: immediate training gains, transfer, and long-term maintenance. Psychol Aging 23: 720-730.
    • (2008) Psychol Aging , vol.23 , pp. 720-730
    • Dahlin, E.1    Nyberg, L.2    Backman, L.3    Neely, A.S.4
  • 21
    • 84865072680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hundred Days of Cognitive Training Enhance Broad Cognitive Abilities in Adulthood: Findings from the COGITO Study
    • Schmiedek F, Lovden M, Lindenberger U, (2010) Hundred Days of Cognitive Training Enhance Broad Cognitive Abilities in Adulthood: Findings from the COGITO Study. Front Aging Neurosci 2: 27.
    • (2010) Front Aging Neurosci , vol.2 , pp. 27
    • Schmiedek, F.1    Lovden, M.2    Lindenberger, U.3
  • 22
    • 51449099474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Associative and strategic components of episodic memory: a life-span dissociation
    • Shing YL, Werkle-Bergner M, Li SC, Lindenberger U, (2008) Associative and strategic components of episodic memory: a life-span dissociation. J Exp Psychol Gen 137: 495-513.
    • (2008) J Exp Psychol Gen , vol.137 , pp. 495-513
    • Shing, Y.L.1    Werkle-Bergner, M.2    Li, S.C.3    Lindenberger, U.4
  • 23
    • 0023135113 scopus 로고
    • The effects of videogame playing on the response selection processing of elderly adults
    • Clark JE, Lanphear AK, Riddick CC, (1987) The effects of videogame playing on the response selection processing of elderly adults. J Gerontol 42: 82-85.
    • (1987) J Gerontol , vol.42 , pp. 82-85
    • Clark, J.E.1    Lanphear, A.K.2    Riddick, C.C.3
  • 25
    • 84866856934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • De facto masking and other measures to prevent contamination
    • Author reply 1236-1237
    • Berger VW (2012) De facto masking and other measures to prevent contamination. J Clin Epidemiol 65: 1236; author reply 1236-1237.
    • (2012) J Clin Epidemiol , vol.65 , pp. 1236
    • Berger, V.W.1
  • 27
    • 84856393746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Executive function on the Psychology Experiment Building Language tests
    • Piper BJ, Li V, Eiwaz MA, Kobel YV, Benice TS, et al. (2012) Executive function on the Psychology Experiment Building Language tests. Behav Res Methods 44: 110-123.
    • (2012) Behav Res Methods , vol.44 , pp. 110-123
    • Piper, B.J.1    Li, V.2    Eiwaz, M.A.3    Kobel, Y.V.4    Benice, T.S.5
  • 28
    • 85007943039 scopus 로고
    • Group version of the Stroop and reverse-Stroop test: the effects of reaction mode, order and practice
    • Hakoda Y, Sasaki M, (1990) Group version of the Stroop and reverse-Stroop test: the effects of reaction mode, order and practice. Kyoiku Shinrigaku Kenkyu (JPN J Educ Psychol) 38: 389-394.
    • (1990) Kyoiku Shinrigaku Kenkyu (JPN J Educ Psychol) , vol.38 , pp. 389-394
    • Hakoda, Y.1    Sasaki, M.2
  • 29
    • 33847039693 scopus 로고
    • Is working memory capacity task dependent?
    • Turner ML, Engel RW, (1989) Is working memory capacity task dependent? J Mem Lang 28: 127-154.
    • (1989) J Mem Lang , vol.28 , pp. 127-154
    • Turner, M.L.1    Engel, R.W.2
  • 33
    • 0029171247 scopus 로고
    • Simple reaction time as a measure of global attention in Alzheimer's disease
    • Sano M, Rosen W, Stern Y, Rosen J, Mayeux R, (1995) Simple reaction time as a measure of global attention in Alzheimer's disease. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 1: 56-61.
    • (1995) J Int Neuropsychol Soc , vol.1 , pp. 56-61
    • Sano, M.1    Rosen, W.2    Stern, Y.3    Rosen, J.4    Mayeux, R.5
  • 34
    • 0015231889 scopus 로고
    • Mental rotation of three-dimensional objects
    • Shepard RN, Metzler J, (1971) Mental rotation of three-dimensional objects. Science 171: 701-703.
    • (1971) Science , vol.171 , pp. 701-703
    • Shepard, R.N.1    Metzler, J.2
  • 35
    • 33646689361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimation of premorbid IQ in individuals with Alzheimer's disease using Japanese ideographic script (Kanji) compound words: Japanese version of National Adult Reading Test
    • Matsuoka K, Uno M, Kasai K, Koyama K, Kim Y, (2006) Estimation of premorbid IQ in individuals with Alzheimer's disease using Japanese ideographic script (Kanji) compound words: Japanese version of National Adult Reading Test. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 60: 332-339.
    • (2006) Psychiatry Clin Neurosci , vol.60 , pp. 332-339
    • Matsuoka, K.1    Uno, M.2    Kasai, K.3    Koyama, K.4    Kim, Y.5
  • 36
    • 85047684989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How are visuospatial working memory, executive functioning, and spatial abilities related? A latent-variable analysis
    • Miyake A, Friedman NP, Rettinger DA, Shah P, Hegarty M, (2001) How are visuospatial working memory, executive functioning, and spatial abilities related? A latent-variable analysis. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 130: 621-640.
    • (2001) Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , vol.130 , pp. 621-640
    • Miyake, A.1    Friedman, N.P.2    Rettinger, D.A.3    Shah, P.4    Hegarty, M.5
  • 37
    • 77950326831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between working memory capacity and executive functioning: evidence for a common executive attention construct
    • McCabe DP, Roediger III HL, McDaniel MA, Balota DA, Hambrick DZ, (2010) The relationship between working memory capacity and executive functioning: evidence for a common executive attention construct. Neuropsychology 24: 222-243.
    • (2010) Neuropsychology , vol.24 , pp. 222-243
    • McCabe, D.P.1    Roediger III, H.L.2    McDaniel, M.A.3    Balota, D.A.4    Hambrick, D.Z.5
  • 38
    • 8744316922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Domain specificity of spatial expertise: The case of video game players
    • Sims VK, Mayer RE, (2001) Domain specificity of spatial expertise: The case of video game players. Applied Cognitive Psychology 16: 97-115.
    • (2001) Applied Cognitive Psychology , vol.16 , pp. 97-115
    • Sims, V.K.1    Mayer, R.E.2
  • 39
    • 58749117444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can training in a real-time strategy video game attenuate cognitive decline in older adults?
    • Basak C, Boot WR, Voss MW, Kramer AF, (2008) Can training in a real-time strategy video game attenuate cognitive decline in older adults? Psychol Aging 23: 765-777.
    • (2008) Psychol Aging , vol.23 , pp. 765-777
    • Basak, C.1    Boot, W.R.2    Voss, M.W.3    Kramer, A.F.4
  • 40
    • 20944450564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reading aloud and arithmetic calculation improve frontal function of people with dementia
    • Kawashima R, Okita K, Yamazaki R, Tajima N, Yoshida H, et al. (2005) Reading aloud and arithmetic calculation improve frontal function of people with dementia. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 60: 380-384.
    • (2005) J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci , vol.60 , pp. 380-384
    • Kawashima, R.1    Okita, K.2    Yamazaki, R.3    Tajima, N.4    Yoshida, H.5
  • 41
    • 77749325669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reading and solving arithmetic problems improves cognitive functions of normal aged people: a randomized controlled study
    • Uchida S, Kawashima R, (2008) Reading and solving arithmetic problems improves cognitive functions of normal aged people: a randomized controlled study. Age (Dordr) 30: 21-29.
    • (2008) Age (Dordr) , vol.30 , pp. 21-29
    • Uchida, S.1    Kawashima, R.2
  • 42
    • 58749100004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exercising your brain: a review of human brain plasticity and training-induced learning
    • Green CS, Bavelier D, (2008) Exercising your brain: a review of human brain plasticity and training-induced learning. Psychol Aging 23: 692-701.
    • (2008) Psychol Aging , vol.23 , pp. 692-701
    • Green, C.S.1    Bavelier, D.2
  • 43
    • 80052006511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Working memory training using mental calculation impacts regional gray matter of the frontal and parietal regions
    • Takeuchi H, Taki Y, Sassa Y, Hashizume H, Sekiguchi A, et al. (2011) Working memory training using mental calculation impacts regional gray matter of the frontal and parietal regions. PLoS One 6: e23175.
    • (2011) PLoS One , vol.6
    • Takeuchi, H.1    Taki, Y.2    Sassa, Y.3    Hashizume, H.4    Sekiguchi, A.5
  • 44
    • 0043264383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistent activity in the prefrontal cortex during working memory
    • Curtis CE, D'Esposito M, (2003) Persistent activity in the prefrontal cortex during working memory. Trends in cognitive sciences 7: 415-423.
    • (2003) Trends in Cognitive Sciences , vol.7 , pp. 415-423
    • Curtis, C.E.1    D'Esposito, M.2
  • 46
    • 33745447477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Executive function and the frontal lobes: a meta-analytic review
    • Alvarez JA, Emory E, (2006) Executive function and the frontal lobes: a meta-analytic review. Neuropsychology review 16: 17-42.
    • (2006) Neuropsychology Review , vol.16 , pp. 17-42
    • Alvarez, J.A.1    Emory, E.2
  • 48
    • 68149099833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cortical areas related to performance of WAIS Digit Symbol Test: a functional imaging study
    • Usui N, Haji T, Maruyama M, Katsuyama N, Uchida S, et al. (2009) Cortical areas related to performance of WAIS Digit Symbol Test: a functional imaging study. Neuroscience letters 463: 1-5.
    • (2009) Neuroscience Letters , vol.463 , pp. 1-5
    • Usui, N.1    Haji, T.2    Maruyama, M.3    Katsuyama, N.4    Uchida, S.5
  • 49
    • 0036970348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tests of executive function predict instrumental activities of daily living in community-dwelling older individuals
    • Cahn-Weiner DA, Boyle PA, Malloy PF, (2002) Tests of executive function predict instrumental activities of daily living in community-dwelling older individuals. Applied neuropsychology 9: 187-191.
    • (2002) Applied Neuropsychology , vol.9 , pp. 187-191
    • Cahn-Weiner, D.A.1    Boyle, P.A.2    Malloy, P.F.3
  • 50
    • 0036903333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age, executive function and social decision making: A dorsolateral prefrontal theory of cognitive aging
    • MacPherson SE, Phillips LH, Della Sala S, (2002) Age, executive function and social decision making: A dorsolateral prefrontal theory of cognitive aging. Psychology and Aging; Psychology and Aging 17: 598-609.
    • (2002) Psychology and Aging; Psychology and Aging , vol.17 , pp. 598-609
    • MacPherson, S.E.1    Phillips, L.H.2    Della Sala, S.3
  • 51
    • 0033760141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of semantic knowledge and working memory in everyday tasks
    • Forde EME, Humphreys GW, (2000) The role of semantic knowledge and working memory in everyday tasks. Brain and Cognition 44: 214-252.
    • (2000) Brain and Cognition , vol.44 , pp. 214-252
    • Forde, E.M.E.1    Humphreys, G.W.2
  • 52
    • 1642574443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A functional MRI study of simple arithmetic-a comparison between children and adults
    • Kawashima R, Taira M, Okita K, Inoue K, Tajima N, et al. (2004) A functional MRI study of simple arithmetic-a comparison between children and adults. Brain Res Cogn Brain Res 18: 227-233.
    • (2004) Brain Res Cogn Brain Res , vol.18 , pp. 227-233
    • Kawashima, R.1    Taira, M.2    Okita, K.3    Inoue, K.4    Tajima, N.5
  • 53
    • 0141534206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cortical activation during reading aloud of long sentences: fMRI study
    • Miura N, Iwata K, Watanabe J, Sugiura M, Akitsuki Y, et al. (2003) Cortical activation during reading aloud of long sentences: fMRI study. Neuroreport 14: 1563-1566.
    • (2003) Neuroreport , vol.14 , pp. 1563-1566
    • Miura, N.1    Iwata, K.2    Watanabe, J.3    Sugiura, M.4    Akitsuki, Y.5
  • 54
    • 33745447477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Executive function and the frontal lobes: a meta-analytic review
    • Alvarez JA, Emory E, (2006) Executive function and the frontal lobes: a meta-analytic review. Neuropsychol Rev 16: 17-42.
    • (2006) Neuropsychol Rev , vol.16 , pp. 17-42
    • Alvarez, J.A.1    Emory, E.2
  • 57
    • 0346743681 scopus 로고
    • An observational analysis of children's behavior during a simple-reaction-time task: The role of attention
    • Krupski A, Boyle PR (1978) An observational analysis of children's behavior during a simple-reaction-time task: The role of attention. Child Development: 340-347.
    • (1978) Child Development , pp. 340-347
    • Krupski, A.1    Boyle, P.R.2
  • 59
    • 84946632437 scopus 로고
    • Reaction time as a measure of span of attention
    • Saltzman I, Garner W, (1948) Reaction time as a measure of span of attention. The Journal of Psychology 25: 227-241.
    • (1948) The Journal of Psychology , vol.25 , pp. 227-241
    • Saltzman, I.1    Garner, W.2
  • 60
    • 0033662614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The memory enhancing effects of a Ginkgo biloba/Panax ginseng combination in healthy middle-aged volunteers
    • Wesnes K, Ward T, McGinty A, Petrini O, (2000) The memory enhancing effects of a Ginkgo biloba/Panax ginseng combination in healthy middle-aged volunteers. Psychopharmacology 152: 353-361.
    • (2000) Psychopharmacology , vol.152 , pp. 353-361
    • Wesnes, K.1    Ward, T.2    McGinty, A.3    Petrini, O.4
  • 64
    • 0032372107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why permutation tests are superior to t and F tests in biomedical research
    • Ludbrook J, Dudley H, (1998) Why permutation tests are superior to t and F tests in biomedical research. The American Statistician 52: 127-132.
    • (1998) The American Statistician , vol.52 , pp. 127-132
    • Ludbrook, J.1    Dudley, H.2
  • 65
    • 0035056250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Permutation tests for univariate or multivariate analysis of variance and regression
    • Anderson MJ, (2001) Permutation tests for univariate or multivariate analysis of variance and regression. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 58: 626-639.
    • (2001) Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , vol.58 , pp. 626-639
    • Anderson, M.J.1
  • 66
    • 77949568386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An exact permutation method for testing any effect in balanced and unbalanced fixed effect ANOVA
    • Kherad-Pajouh S, Renaud O, (2010) An exact permutation method for testing any effect in balanced and unbalanced fixed effect ANOVA. Computational Statistics & Data Analysis 54: 1881-1893.
    • (2010) Computational Statistics & Data Analysis , vol.54 , pp. 1881-1893
    • Kherad-Pajouh, S.1    Renaud, O.2
  • 71
    • 0035263305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Permutation testing made practical for functional magnetic resonance image analysis
    • Belmonte M, Yurgelun-Todd D, (2001) Permutation testing made practical for functional magnetic resonance image analysis. IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging 20: 243-248.
    • (2001) IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging , vol.20 , pp. 243-248
    • Belmonte, M.1    Yurgelun-Todd, D.2
  • 72
    • 8144231087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A farewell to Bonferroni: the problems of low statistical power and publication bias
    • Nakagawa S, (2004) A farewell to Bonferroni: the problems of low statistical power and publication bias. Behavioral Ecology 15: 1044-1045.
    • (2004) Behavioral Ecology , vol.15 , pp. 1044-1045
    • Nakagawa, S.1
  • 75
    • 35948987547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A simple sample size formula for analysis of covariance in randomized clinical trials
    • Borm GF, Fransen J, Lemmens WA, (2007) A simple sample size formula for analysis of covariance in randomized clinical trials. J Clin Epidemiol 60: 1234-1238.
    • (2007) J Clin Epidemiol , vol.60 , pp. 1234-1238
    • Borm, G.F.1    Fransen, J.2    Lemmens, W.A.3
  • 76
    • 85047672328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When and where do we apply what we learn? A taxonomy for far transfer
    • Barnett SM, Ceci SJ, (2002) When and where do we apply what we learn? A taxonomy for far transfer. Psychol Bull 128: 612-637.
    • (2002) Psychol Bull , vol.128 , pp. 612-637
    • Barnett, S.M.1    Ceci, S.J.2
  • 77
    • 70350510085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Far transfer in cognitive training of older adults
    • Zelinski EM, (2009) Far transfer in cognitive training of older adults. Restor Neurol Neurosci 27: 455-471.
    • (2009) Restor Neurol Neurosci , vol.27 , pp. 455-471
    • Zelinski, E.M.1
  • 79
    • 78650223826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is 2+2 = 4? Meta-analyses of brain areas needed for numbers and calculations
    • Arsalidou M, Taylor MJ, (2011) Is 2+2 = 4? Meta-analyses of brain areas needed for numbers and calculations. Neuroimage 54: 2382-2393.
    • (2011) Neuroimage , vol.54 , pp. 2382-2393
    • Arsalidou, M.1    Taylor, M.J.2
  • 81
    • 0034112298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Working memory and executive function: evidence from neuroimaging
    • Carpenter PA, Just MA, Reichle ED, (2000) Working memory and executive function: evidence from neuroimaging. Curr Opin Neurobiol 10: 195-199.
    • (2000) Curr Opin Neurobiol , vol.10 , pp. 195-199
    • Carpenter, P.A.1    Just, M.A.2    Reichle, E.D.3
  • 82
    • 0037969946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of prefrontal cortex in working-memory capacity, executive attention, and general fluid intelligence: an individual-differences perspective
    • Kane MJ, Engle RW, (2002) The role of prefrontal cortex in working-memory capacity, executive attention, and general fluid intelligence: an individual-differences perspective. Psychon Bull Rev 9: 637-671.
    • (2002) Psychon Bull Rev , vol.9 , pp. 637-671
    • Kane, M.J.1    Engle, R.W.2
  • 83
    • 59849120110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aging white matter and cognition: differential effects of regional variations in diffusion properties on memory, executive functions, and speed
    • Kennedy KM, Raz N, (2009) Aging white matter and cognition: differential effects of regional variations in diffusion properties on memory, executive functions, and speed. Neuropsychologia 47: 916-927.
    • (2009) Neuropsychologia , vol.47 , pp. 916-927
    • Kennedy, K.M.1    Raz, N.2
  • 84
    • 17744376390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • fMri studies of Stroop tasks reveal unique roles of anterior and posterior brain systems in attentional selection
    • Banich MT, Milham MP, Atchley R, Cohen NJ, Webb A, et al. (2000) fMri studies of Stroop tasks reveal unique roles of anterior and posterior brain systems in attentional selection. J Cogn Neurosci 12: 988-1000.
    • (2000) J Cogn Neurosci , vol.12 , pp. 988-1000
    • Banich, M.T.1    Milham, M.P.2    Atchley, R.3    Cohen, N.J.4    Webb, A.5
  • 85
    • 33244483359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The precuneus: a review of its functional anatomy and behavioural correlates
    • Cavanna AE, Trimble MR, (2006) The precuneus: a review of its functional anatomy and behavioural correlates. Brain 129: 564-583.
    • (2006) Brain , vol.129 , pp. 564-583
    • Cavanna, A.E.1    Trimble, M.R.2
  • 86
    • 67651183996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Examination of processing speed deficits in multiple sclerosis using functional magnetic resonance imaging
    • Genova HM, Hillary FG, Wylie G, Rypma B, Deluca J, (2009) Examination of processing speed deficits in multiple sclerosis using functional magnetic resonance imaging. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 15: 383-393.
    • (2009) J Int Neuropsychol Soc , vol.15 , pp. 383-393
    • Genova, H.M.1    Hillary, F.G.2    Wylie, G.3    Rypma, B.4    Deluca, J.5
  • 87
    • 80053600385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Verbal working memory performance correlates with regional white matter structures in the frontoparietal regions
    • Takeuchi H, Taki Y, Sassa Y, Hashizume H, Sekiguchi A, et al. (2011) Verbal working memory performance correlates with regional white matter structures in the frontoparietal regions. Neuropsychologia 49: 3466-3473.
    • (2011) Neuropsychologia , vol.49 , pp. 3466-3473
    • Takeuchi, H.1    Taki, Y.2    Sassa, Y.3    Hashizume, H.4    Sekiguchi, A.5
  • 88
    • 68149099833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cortical areas related to performance of WAIS Digit Symbol Test: a functional imaging study
    • Usui N, Haji T, Maruyama M, Katsuyama N, Uchida S, et al. (2009) Cortical areas related to performance of WAIS Digit Symbol Test: a functional imaging study. Neurosci Lett 463: 1-5.
    • (2009) Neurosci Lett , vol.463 , pp. 1-5
    • Usui, N.1    Haji, T.2    Maruyama, M.3    Katsuyama, N.4    Uchida, S.5
  • 90
    • 78650973552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use it or lose it? Wii brain exercise practice and reading for domain knowledge
    • Ackerman PL, Kanfer R, Calderwood C, (2010) Use it or lose it? Wii brain exercise practice and reading for domain knowledge. Psychology and aging 25: 753-766.
    • (2010) Psychology and Aging , vol.25 , pp. 753-766
    • Ackerman, P.L.1    Kanfer, R.2    Calderwood, C.3
  • 91
    • 33845717310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term effects of cognitive training on everyday functional outcomes in older adults
    • Willis SL, Tennstedt SL, Marsiske M, Ball K, Elias J, et al. (2006) Long-term effects of cognitive training on everyday functional outcomes in older adults. JAMA 296: 2805-2814.
    • (2006) JAMA , vol.296 , pp. 2805-2814
    • Willis, S.L.1    Tennstedt, S.L.2    Marsiske, M.3    Ball, K.4    Elias, J.5
  • 92
    • 0031605844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perceptual learning
    • Goldstone RL, (1998) Perceptual learning. Annu Rev Psychol 49: 585-612.
    • (1998) Annu Rev Psychol , vol.49 , pp. 585-612
    • Goldstone, R.L.1
  • 93
    • 37349069492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Be smart, exercise your heart: exercise effects on brain and cognition
    • Hillman CH, Erickson KI, Kramer AF, (2008) Be smart, exercise your heart: exercise effects on brain and cognition. Nat Rev Neurosci 9: 58-65.
    • (2008) Nat Rev Neurosci , vol.9 , pp. 58-65
    • Hillman, C.H.1    Erickson, K.I.2    Kramer, A.F.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.