A protective-compensatory model may reconcile the genetic and the developmental findings in schizophrenia

Schizophrenia Research

Volumn 144, Issue 1-3, 2013, Pages 9-15

  Maziade, Michel ^a,b   Paccalet, Thomas ^a  

^a CENTRE DE RECHERCHE DE L INSTITUT UNIVERSITAIRE EN SANTÉ MENTALE DE QUÉBEC   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITÉ LAVAL   (Canada)

Author keywords

Developmental psychopathology; Families familiality; Genetics; Models theories of psychiatry; Risk and development; Schizophrenia

Indexed keywords

BIPOLAR DISORDER; CANADA; CLINICAL ASSESSMENT; CLINICAL FEATURE; COGNITION; COGNITIVE DEFECT; CONGENITAL MALFORMATION; DISEASE SEVERITY; DSM-IV; ENDOPHENOTYPE; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; FAMILY HISTORY; GENE; GENETIC ANALYSIS; GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY; GENETIC HETEROGENEITY; GENETIC LINKAGE; GENETIC MODEL; HEBEPHRENIA; HEREDITY; HIGH RISK POPULATION; HUMAN; MENTAL DEVELOPMENT; MENTAL FUNCTION; MOLECULAR MECHANICS; NEGATIVE SYNDROME; NERVE CELL PLASTICITY; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST; ONSET AGE; POPULATION RESEARCH; POSITIVE SYNDROME; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGENY; PROTECTIVE COMPENSATORY MODEL; RELATIVE; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; SCHIZOAFFECTIVE PSYCHOSIS; SCHIZOPHRENIA; TREND STUDY;

ADULT; BIPOLAR DISORDER; CHILD; ENDOPHENOTYPES; FOUNDER EFFECT; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION, DEVELOPMENTAL; GENETIC PREDISPOSITION TO DISEASE; GENETIC VARIATION; GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY; HUMANS; LONGITUDINAL STUDIES; MODELS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; SCHIZOPHRENIA;

EID: 84873525509     PISSN: 09209964     EISSN: 15732509     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2012.12.022     Document Type: Review

References (57)

1. Aleman A., Hijman R., de Haan E.H., Kahn R.S. Memory impairment in schizophrenia: a meta-analysis. Am. J. Psychiatry 1999, 156(9):1358-1366.
2. Anacker C., Pariante C.M. Can adult neurogenesis buffer stress responses and depressive behaviour?. Mol. Psychiatry 2012, 17(1):9-10.
3. Arajarvi R., Haukka J., Varilo T., Suokas J., Juvonen H., Suvisaari J., Muhonen M., Suominen K., Tuulio-Henriksson A., Schreck M., Hovatta I., Partonen T., Lonnqvist J. Clinical phenotype of schizophrenia in a Finnish isolate. Schizophr. Res. 2004, 67(2-3):195-205.
4. Bora E., Yucel M., Pantelis C. Cognitive endophenotypes of bipolar disorder: a meta-analysis of neuropsychological deficits in euthymic patients and their first-degree relatives. J. Affect. Disord. 2009, 113(1-2):1-20.
5. Byrne M., Hodges A., Grant E., Owens D.C., Johnstone E.C. Neuropsychological assessment of young people at high genetic risk for developing schizophrenia compared with controls: preliminary findings of the Edinburgh High Risk Study (EHRS). Psychol. Med. 1999, 29(5):1161-1173.
6. Ellison-Wright I., Bullmore E. Anatomy of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia: a meta-analysis. Schizophr. Res. 2010, 117(1):1-12.
7. Esterberg M.L., Trotman H.D., Holtzman C., Compton M.T., Walker E.F. The impact of a family history of psychosis on age-at-onset and positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia: a meta-analysis. Schizophr. Res. 2010, 120(1-3):121-130.
8. Faraone S.V., Seidman L.J., Kremen W.S., Toomey R., Pepple J.R., Tsuang M.T. Neuropsychologic functioning among the nonpsychotic relatives of schizophrenic patients: the effect of genetic loading. Biol. Psychiatry 2000, 48(2):120-126.
9. Goodwin F., Jamison K. Manic Depressive Illness 1990, Oxford University Press, New York.
10. Gottesman I.I., Shields J. Schizophrenia and Genetics: A Twin Study Vantage Point 1972, Academic Press, New York.
11. Hans S.L., Auerbach J.G., Styr B., Marcus J. Offspring of parents with schizophrenia: mental disorders during childhood and adolescence. Schizophr. Bull. 2004, 30(2):303-315.
12. Hébert M., Gagné A.M., Paradis M.E., Jomphe V., Roy M.A., Mérette C., Maziade M. Retinal response to light in young nonaffected offspring at high genetic risk of neuropsychiatric brain disorders. Biol. Psychiatry 2010, 67(3):270-274.
13. Horan W.P., Braff D.L., Nuechterlein K.H., Sugar C.A., Cadenhead K.S., Calkins M.E., Dobie D.J., Freedman R., Greenwood T.A., Gur R.E., Gur R.C., Light G.A., Mintz J., Olincy A., Radant A.D., Schork N.J., Seidman L.J., Siever L.J., Silverman J.M., Stone W.S., Swerdlow N.R., Tsuang D.W., Tsuang M.T., Turetsky B.I., Green M.F. Verbal working memory impairments in individuals with schizophrenia and their first-degree relatives: findings from the Consortium on the Genetics of Schizophrenia. Schizophr. Res. 2008, 103(1-3):218-228.
14. Insel T.R. Rethinking schizophrenia. Nature 2010, 468(7321):187-193.
15. Keshavan M.S., Nasrallah H.A., Tandon R. Schizophrenia, "Just the Facts" 6. Moving ahead with the schizophrenia concept: from the elephant to the mouse. Schizophr. Res. 2011, 127(1-3):3-13.
16. Klimes-Dougan B., Ronsaville D., Wiggs E.A., Martinez P.E. Neuropsychological functioning in adolescent children of mothers with a history of bipolar or major depressive disorders. Biol. Psychiatry 2006, 60(9):957-965.
17. Kvajo M., McKellar H., Drew L.J., Lepagnol-Bestel A.M., Xiao L., Levy R.J., Blazeski R., Arguello P.A., Lacefield C.O., Mason C.A., Simonneau M., O'Donnell J.M., MacDermott A.B., Karayiorgou M., Gogos J.A. Altered axonal targeting and short-term plasticity in the hippocampus of Disc1 mutant mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2011, 108(49):E1349-E1358.
18. Lichtenstein P., Yip B.H., Bjork C., Pawitan Y., Cannon T.D., Sullivan P.F., Hultman C.M. Common genetic determinants of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder in Swedish families: a population-based study. Lancet 2009, 373(9659):234-239.
19. Maziade M., Roy M.A., Fournier J.P., Cliche D., Merette C., Caron C., Garneau Y., Montgrain N., Shriqui C., Dion C., et al. Reliability of best-estimate diagnosis in genetic linkage studies of major psychoses: results from the Quebec pedigree studies. Am. J. Psychiatry 1992, 149(12):1674-1686.
20. Maziade M., Roy M.A., Martinez M., Cliche D., Fournier J.P., Garneau Y., Nicole L., Montgrain N., Dion C., Ponton A.M. Negative, psychoticism, and disorganized dimensions in patients with familial schizophrenia or bipolar disorder: continuity and discontinuity between the major psychoses. Am. J. Psychiatry 1995, 152(10):1458-1463.
21. Maziade M., Roy M.A., Chagnon Y.C., Cliche D., Fournier J.P., Montgrain N., Dion C., Lavallee J.C., Garneau Y., Gingras N., Nicole L., Pires A., Ponton A.M., Potvin A., Wallot H., Merette C. Shared and specific susceptibility loci for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: a dense genome scan in Eastern Quebec families. Mol. Psychiatry 2005, 10(5):486-499.
22. Maziade M., Gingras N., Rouleau N., Poulin S., Jomphe V., Paradis M.E., Mérette C., Roy M.A. Clinical diagnoses in young offspring from eastern Quebec multigenerational families densely affected by schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 2008, 117(2):118-126.
23. Maziade M., Chagnon Y.C., Roy M.A., Bureau A., Fournier A., Merette C. Chromosome 13q13-q14 locus overlaps mood and psychotic disorders: the relevance for redefining phenotype. Eur. J. Hum. Genet. 2009, 17(8):1034-1042.
24. Maziade M., Rouleau N., Gingras N., Boutin P., Paradis M.E., Jomphe V., Boutin J., Letourneau K., Gilbert E., Lefèbvre A.A., Doré M.C., Marino C., Battaglia M., Mérette C., Roy M.A. Shared neurocognitive dysfunctions in young offspring at extreme risk for schizophrenia or bipolar disorder in eastern quebec multigenerational families. Schizophr. Bull. 2009, 35(5):919-930.
25. Maziade M., Rouleau N., Cellard C., Battaglia M., Paccalet T., Moreau I., Gagnon V., Gingras N., Marino C., Gilbert E., Roy M.A., Merette C. Young offspring at genetic risk of adult psychoses: the form of the trajectory of IQ or memory may orient to the right dysfunction at the right time. PLoS One 2011, 6(4):e19153.
26. Maziade M., Rouleau N., Merette C., Cellard C., Battaglia M., Marino C., Jomphe V., Gilbert E., Achim A., Bouchard R.H., Paccalet T., Paradis M.E., Roy M.A. Verbal and visual memory impairments among young offspring and healthy adult relatives of patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: selective generational patterns indicate different developmental trajectories. Schizophr. Bull. 2011, 37(6):1218-1228.
27. McDonald C. The Maudsley Family Study of Psychosis A Quest for Intermediate Phenotypes 2008.
28. McIntosh A.M., Harrison L.K., Forrester K., Lawrie S.M., Johnstone E.C. Neuropsychological impairments in people with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder and their unaffected relatives. Br. J. Psychiatry 2005, 186:378-385.
29. Meltzer H.Y. Treatment-resistant schizophrenia-the role of clozapine. Curr. Med. Res. Opin. 1997, 14(1):1-20.
30. Merabet L.B., Pascual-Leone A. Neural reorganization following sensory loss: the opportunity of change. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2010, 11(1):44-52.
31. Mérette C., Roy M.A., Bureau A., Fournier A., Emond C., Cliche D., Jomphe V., Chagnon Y.C., Maziade M. Replication of linkage with bipolar disorder on chromosome 16p in the Eastern Quebec population. Am. J. Med. Genet. B. Neuropsychiatr. Genet. 2008, 147B(6):737-744.
32. Niemi L.T., Suvisaari J.M., Tuulio-Henriksson A., Lonnqvist J.K. Childhood developmental abnormalities in schizophrenia: evidence from high-risk studies. Schizophr. Res. 2003, 60(2-3):239-258.
33. Owen M.J., O'Donovan M.C., Thapar A., Craddock N. Neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia. Br. J. Psychiatry 2011, 198(3):173-175.
34. Purcell S.M., Wray N.R., Stone J.L., Visscher P.M., O'Donovan M.C., Sullivan P.F., Sklar P. Common polygenic variation contributes to risk of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Nature 2009, 460(7256):748-752.
35. Rajji T.K., Ismail Z., Mulsant B.H. Age at onset and cognition in schizophrenia: meta-analysis. Br. J. Psychiatry 2009, 195(4):286-293.
36. Reichenberg A., Caspi A., Harrington H., Houts R., Keefe R.S., Murray R.M., Poulton R., Moffitt T.E. Static and dynamic cognitive deficits in childhood preceding adult schizophrenia: a 30-year study. Am. J. Psychiatry 2010, 10.1176/appi.ajp. 2009.09040574.
37. Roy M.A., Crowe R.R. Validity of the familial and sporadic subtypes of schizophrenia. Am. J. Psychiatry 1994, 151(6):805-814.
38. Roy M.A., LanctÔt G., Mérette C., Cliche D., Fournier J.P., Boutin P., Rodrigue C., Charron L., Turgeon M., Hamel M., Montgrain N., Nicole L., Pires A., Wallot H., Ponton A.M., Garneau Y., Dion C., Lavallée J.C., Potvin A., Szatmari P., Maziade M. Clinical and methodological factors related to reliability of the best-estimate diagnostic procedure. Am. J. Psychiatry 1997, 154(12):1726-1733.
39. Roy-Gagnon M.H., Moreau C., Bherer C., St-Onge P., Sinnett D., Laprise C., Vezina H., Labuda D. Genomic and genealogical investigation of the French Canadian founder population structure. Hum. Genet. 2011, 129(5):521-531.
40. Schretlen D.J., Cascella N.G., Meyer S.M., Kingery L.R., Testa S.M., Munro C.A., Pulver A.E., Rivkin P., Rao V.A., Diaz-Asper C.M., Dickerson F.B., Yolken R.H., Pearlson G.D. Neuropsychological functioning in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Biol. Psychiatry 2007, 62(2):179-186.
41. Sherr C.J. Principles of tumor suppression. Cell 2004, 116(2):235-246.
42. Skelley S.L., Goldberg T.E., Egan M.F., Weinberger D.R., Gold J.M. Verbal and visual memory: characterizing the clinical and intermediate phenotype in schizophrenia. Schizophr. Res. 2008, 105(1-3):78-85.
43. Skibo G.G., Nikonenko A.G. Brain plasticity after ischemic episode. Vitam. Horm. 2010, 82:107-127.
44. Snitz B.E., Macdonald A.W., Carter C.S. Cognitive deficits in unaffected first-degree relatives of schizophrenia patients: a meta-analytic review of putative endophenotypes. Schizophr. Bull. 2006, 32(1):179-194.
45. Snyder J.S., Soumier A., Brewer M., Pickel J., Cameron H.A. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis buffers stress responses and depressive behaviour. Nature 2011, 476(7361):458-461.
46. Suvisaari J.M., Haukka J., Tanskanen A., Lonnqvist J.K. Age at onset and outcome in schizophrenia are related to the degree of familial loading. Br. J. Psychiatry 1998, 173:494-500.
47. Talkowski M.E., Rosenfeld J.A., Blumenthal I., Pillalamarri V., Chiang C., Heilbut A., Ernst C., Hanscom C., Rossin E., Lindgren A.M., Pereira S., Ruderfer D., Kirby A., Ripke S., Harris D.J., Lee J.H., Ha K., Kim H.G., Solomon B.D., Gropman A.L., Lucente D., Sims K., Ohsumi T.K., Borowsky M.L., Loranger S., Quade B., Lage K., Miles J., Wu B.L., Shen Y., Neale B., Shaffer L.G., Daly M.J., Morton C.C., Gusella J.F. Sequencing chromosomal abnormalities reveals neurodevelopmental loci that confer risk across diagnostic boundaries. Cell 2012, 149(3):525-537.
48. Tandon R., Nasrallah H.A., Keshavan M.S. Schizophrenia, "just the facts" 4. Clinical features and conceptualization. Schizophr. Res. 2009, 110(1-3):1-23.
49. Tang B., Thornton-Wells T., Askland K.D. Comparative linkage meta-analysis reveals regionally-distinct, disparate genetic architectures: application to bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. PLoS One 2011, 6(4):e19073.
50. Taylor M.J., Heaton R.K. Sensitivity and specificity of WAIS-III/WMS-III demographically corrected factor scores in neuropsychological assessment. J. Int. Neuropsychol. Soc. 2001, 7(7):867-874.
51. Toomey R., Faraone S.V., Simpson J.C., Tsuang M.T. Negative, positive, and disorganized symptom dimensions in schizophrenia, major depression, and bipolar disorder. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 1998, 186(8):470-476.
52. van Os J., Kenis G., Rutten B.P. The environment and schizophrenia. Nature 2010, 468(7321):203-212.
53. Van Snellenberg J.X., de Candia T. Meta-analytic evidence for familial coaggregation of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 2009, 66(7):748-755.
54. Vieland V.J. The replication requirement. Nat. Genet. 2001, 29(3):244-245.
55. Vogelstein B., Kinzler K.W. The Genetic Basis of Human Cancer 2002, McGraw-Hill Professional. 2nd edition.
56. Winship I.R., Murphy T.H. In vivo calcium imaging reveals functional rewiring of single somatosensory neurons after stroke. J. Neurosci. 2008, 28(26):6592-6606.
57. Wright I.C., Rabe-Hesketh S., Woodruff P.W., David A.S., Murray R.M., Bullmore E.T. Meta-analysis of regional brain volumes in schizophrenia. Am. J. Psychiatry 2000, 157(1):16-25.