Clinical phenotype of schizophrenia in a Finnish isolate

Schizophrenia Research

Volumn 67, Issue 2-3, 2004, Pages 195-205

  Arajärvi, Ritva ^a   Haukka, Jari ^a   Varilo, Teppo ^a   Suokas, Jaana ^a   Juvonen, Hannu ^a   Suvisaari, Jaana ^a   Muhonen, Maria ^a   Suominen, Kirsi ^a   Tuulio Henriksson, Annamari ^a   Schreck, Marjut ^a   Hovatta, Iiris ^a   Partonen, Timo ^a   Lönnqvist, Jouko ^a  

^a NATIONAL PUBLIC HEALTH INSTITUTE   (Finland)

Author keywords

Factor analysis; Isolate; OCCPI; Schizophrenia

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; CHROMOSOME 1; DELUSION; DEPRESSION; DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS; EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DATA; FACTORIAL ANALYSIS; FEMALE; FINLAND; HALLUCINATION; HUMAN; MALE; MANIA; MOOD DISORDER; PHENOTYPE; POPULATION GENETIC PARAMETERS; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHIATRIC DIAGNOSIS; RATING SCALE; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SYMPTOMATOLOGY;

EID: 10744224522     PISSN: 09209964     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0920-9964(03)00007-0     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 3rd ed. 1980;American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC.
2. American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic, Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 3rd ed. 1987;American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC. Revised.
3. American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic, Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4th ed. 1994;American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC.
4. Andreasen N.C., Arndt S., Alliger R., Miller D., Flaum M. Symptoms of schizophrenia: methods, meanings, and, mechanisms. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 52:1995;341-351.
5. Andreasen N.C., Arndt S., Miller D., Flaum M., Nopoulos P. Correlational studies of the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms and the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms: an overview and update. Psychopathology. 28:1995;7-17.
6. Azevedo M.H., Soares M.J., Coelho I., Dourado A., Valente J., Macedo A., Pato M., Pato C. Using consensus OPCRIT diagnoses: an efficient procedure for best-estimate lifetime diagnoses. Br. J. Psychiatry. 175:1999;154-157.
7. Böök J.A., Wetterberg L., Modrzewska K. Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900-1977. Epidemiology, genetics, biochemistry. Clin. Genet. 14:1987;373-394.
8. Breiman L., Friedman J.H., Olshen R.A., Stone C.J. Classification and Regression Trees. 1984;. Monterey, Wadsworth.
9. Burke J.G., Murphy B.M., Bray J.C., Walsh D., Kendler K.S. Clinical similarities in siblings with schizophrenia. Am. J. Med. Genet. (Neuropsychiatr. Genet.). 67:1996;239-243.
10. Cannon T.D., Kaprio J., Lönnqvist J., Huttunen M., Koskenvuo M. The genetic epidemiology of schizophrenia in a Finnish twin cohort. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 55:1998;67-74.
11. Cardno A.G., Jones L.A., Murphy K.C., Asherson P., Scott L.C., Williams J., Owen M.J., McGuffin P. Factor analysis of schizophrenic symptoms using the OPCRIT checklist. Schizophr. Res. 22:1996;233-239.
12. Cardno A.G., Holmans P.A., Harvey I., Williams M.B., Owen M.J., McGuffin P. Factor-derived subsyndromes of schizophrenia and familial morbid risks. Schizophr. Res. 23:1997;231-238.
13. Cardno A.G., Jones L.A., Murphy K.C., Sanders R.D., Asherson P., Owen M.J., McGuffin P. Sibling pairs with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder: associations of subtypes, symptoms and demographic variables. Psychol. Med. 28:1998;815-823.
14. Cardno A.G., Jones L.A., Murphy K.C., Sanders R.D., Asherson P., Owen M.J., McGuffin P. Dimensions of psychosis in affected sibling pairs. Schizophr. Bull. 25(4):1999;841-850.
15. Cardno A.G., Sham P.C., Murray R.M., McGuffin P. Twin study of symptom dimensions in psychoses. Br. J. Psychiatry. 179:2001;39-45.
16. Castle D.J., Sham P.C., Wessely S., Murray R.M. The subtyping of schizophrenia in men and women: a latent class analysis. Psychol. Med. 24:1994;41-51.
17. Craddock N., Asherson P., Owen M.J., Williams J., McGuffin P., Farmer A.E. Concurrent validity of the OPCRIT diagnostic system: comparison of OPCRIT diagnoses with consensus best-estimate lifetime diagnoses. Br. J. Psychiatry. 169:1996;58-63.
18. DeLisi L., Mesen A., Rodriguez C., Bertheau A., LaPrade B., Llach M., Riondet S., Razi K. Clinical characteristics of schizophrenia in multiply affected Spanish origin families from Costa Rica. Psychiatr. Genet. 11:2001;145-152.
19. Ekelund J., Hovatta I., Parker A., Paunio T., Varilo T., Martin R., Suhonen J., Ellonen P., Chan G., Sinsheimer J., Sobel E., Juvonen H., Arajärvi R., Partonen T., Suvisaari J., Lönnqvist J., Meyer J., Peltonen L. Chromosome 1 loci in Finnish schizophrenia families. Hum. Mol. Genet. 15:2001;1611-1617.
20. Hovatta I., Terwilliger J.D., Lichtermann D., Mäkikyrö T., Suvisaari J., Peltonen L., Lönnqvist J. Schizophrenia in the genetic isolate of Finland. Am. J. Med. Gen. (Neuropsychiatr. Genet.). 74:1997;353-360.
21. Hovatta I., Varilo T., Suvisaari J., Terwilliger D., Ollikainen V., Arajärvi R., Juvonen H., Kokko-Sahin M.-L., Väisänen L., Mannila H., Lönnqvist J., Peltonen L. A genomewide screen for schizophrenia genes in an isolated Finnish subpopulation, suggesting multiple susceptibility loci. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 65:1999;1114-1124.
22. Isohanni M., Mäkikyrö T., Moring J., Räsänen P., Hakko H., Partanen U., Koiranen M., Jones P. A comparison of clinical and research DSM-III-R diagnoses of schizophrenia in a Finnish national birth cohort: clinical and research diagnoses of schizophrenia. Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol. 32:1997;303-308.
23. Isometsä E., Aro S., Aro H. Depression in Finland - a computer assisted telephone interview study. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 96:1997;122-128.
24. Johnson R.A., Wichern D.W. Applied Multivariate Statistical Analysis. 1982;Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
25. Jokipii M. Folio 153 settlement. Atlas of Finland. 1992;7 National Board of Survey and Geographical Society of Finland, Map Centre, Helsinki.
26. Kendler K.S., McGuire M., Gruenberg A.M., Walsh D. Clinical heterogeneity in schizophrenia and the pattern of psychopathology in relatives: results from an epidemiological based family study. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 89:1994;294-300.
27. Kendler S.K., Karkowski-Shuman L., O'Neill A., Straub R.E., MacLean C.J., Walsh D. Resemblance of psychotic symptoms and syndromes in affected sibling pairs from the Irish study of high-density schizophrenia families: evidence for possible etiologic heterogeneity. Am. J. Psychiatry. 154:1997;191-198.
28. Kendler S.K., Karkowski L.M., Walsh D. The structure of psychosis: latent class analysis of probands from the Roscommon Family Study. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 55:1998;492-499.
29. Kendler S., Myers J.M., O'Neill F.A., Martin R., Murphy D.B., MacLean C.J., Walsh D., Straub R.E. Clinical features of schizophrenia and linkage to chromosomes 5q, 6p, 8p, and 10p in the Irish study of high-density schizophrenia families. Am. J. Psychiatry. 157:2000;402-408.
30. Kessler R., McGonagle K., Zhao S., Nelson C., Hughes M., Eshleman S., Wittchen H., Kendler K. Lifetime and 12-moth prevalence of DSM-III-R psychiatric disorders in the United States. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 51:1994;8-19.
31. Leckman J.F., Sholomskas D., Thompson W.D., Belanger A., Weissman M.M. Best estimate of lifetime psychiatric diagnosis: a methodological study. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 39:1982;879-883.
32. Mäkikyrö T., Isohanni M., Moring J., Hakko H., Hovatta I., Lönnqvist J. Accuracy of register-based diagnoses in a genetic study. Eur. Psychiatry. 13:1998;57-62.
33. Malaspina D., Goetz R., Yale S., Berman A., Friedman J., Tremeau F., Printz D., Amador X., Johnson J., Brown A., Gorman J. Relation of familial schizophrenia to negative symptoms but not to the deficit syndrome. Am. J. Psychiatry. 157:2000;994-1003.
34. Maziade M., Roy M.-A., Martinez M., Cliche D., Fournier J.-P., Garneau Y., Nicole L., Montgrain N., Dion C., Ponton A.M., Potvin A., Lavallée J.-C., Pirès A., Bouchard S., Boutin P., Brisebois F., Mérette C. Negative, psychoticism, and disorganized dimensions in patients with familial schizophrenia or bipolar disorder: continuity and discontinuity between the major psychoses. Am. J. Psychiatry. 152:1995;1458-1463.
35. McGorry P.D., Bell R.C., Dudgeon P.L., Jackson H.Y. The dimensional structure of first episode psychosis: an exploratory factor analysis. Psychol. Med. 28:1998;935-947.
36. McGuffin P., Farmer A., Harvey I. A polydiagnostic application of operational criteria in studies of psychotic illness: development and reliability of the OPCRIT System. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 48:1991;764-770.
37. McIntosh A.M., Forrester A., Lawrie S.M., Byrne M., Harper A., Kestelman J.N., Best J.J., Johnstone E.C., Owens D.G. A factor model of the functional psychoses and the relationship of factor clinical variables and brain morphology. Psychol. Med. 31:2001;159-171.
38. Nevanlinna H.R. The Finnish population structure. A genetic and genealogical study. Hereditas. 71:1972;195-236.
39. Pakaslahti A. On the diagnosis of schizophrenic psychosis in clinical practice. Psychiatr. Fenn. 18:1987;63-72.
40. Peltonen L., Jalanko A., Varilo T. Molecular genetics of the Finnish disease heritage. Hum. Mol. Genet. 10:1999;1913-1923.
41. Ross D., Kirpatrick B., Karkowski L., Straub R., MacLean C., O'Neill F., Compton A., Murphy B., Walsh D., Kendler K. Sibling correlation of deficit syndrome in the Irish study of high-density schizophrenia families. Am. J. Psychiatry. 157:2000;1071-1076.
42. Sajantila A., Salem A., Savolainen P., Bauer K., Gierig C., Pääbo S. Paternal and maternal DNA lineages reveal a bottleneck in the founding of the Finnish population. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 93:1996;12035-12039.
43. Serretti A., Macciardi F., Smeraldi E. Identification of symptomatologic patterns common to major psychoses: proposal for a phenotype definition. Am. J. Med. Genet. (Neuropsychiatr. Genet.). 67:1996;393-400.
44. Serretti A., Lattuada E., Cusin C., Smeraldi E. Factor analysis of delusional disorder symptomatology. Comp. Psychiatry. 40:1999;143-147.
45. Serretti A., Rietschel M., Lattuada E. Major psychoses symptomatology: factor analysis of 2241 psychotic subjects. Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 251:2001;193-198.
46. Spitzer R.L., Endicott J., Robins E. Research diagnostic criteria: rationale and reliability. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 35:1978;773-782.
47. Suvisaari J., Haukka J., Tanskanen A., Lönnqvist J. Age at onset and outcome in schizophrenia are related to the degree of familial loading. Br. J. Psychiatry. 173:1998;494-500.
48. Torrey E.F. Prevalence studies in schizophrenia. Br. J. Psychiatry. 150:1987;598-608.
49. Van Os J., Marcelis M., Sham P., Jones P., Gilvarry K., Murray R. Psychopathological syndromes and familial morbid risk of psychosis. Br. J. Psychiatry. 170:1997;241-246.
50. Van Os J., Gilvarry C., Bale R., Van Horn E., Tattan T., White I., Murray R. A comparison of the utility of dimensional and categorical representations of psychosis. Psychol. Med. 29:1999;595-606.
51. Varilo T., Savukoski M., Norio R., Santavuori P., Peltonen L., Järvelä I. The age of human mutation: genealogical and linkage disequilibrium analysis of the CLN5 mutation in the Finnish population. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 58:1996;506-512.
52. Verdoux H., Van Os J., Sham P., Jones P., Gilvarry K., Murray R. Does familiality predispose to both emergence and persistence of psychosis? A follow-up study. Br. J. Psychiatry. 168:1996;620-626.
53. Wickham H., Walsh C., Asherson P., Taylor C., Sigmundson T., Gill M., Owen P., McGuffin P., Murray R., Sham P. Familiality of symptom dimensions in schizophrenia. Schizophr. Res. 47:2001;223-232.
54. Williams J., Farmer A.E., Ackenheil M., Kaufmann C.A., McGuffin P.A. A multi-center inter-rater reliability study using the OPCRIT computerized diagnostic system. Psychol. Med. 26:1996;775-783.
55. The Tenth Revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10): Diagnostic Criteria for Research. 1993;WHO, Geneva.