메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 9780387893709, Issue , 2010, Pages 157-176

Drug resistance in African trypanosomiasis

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 84873483655     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-89370-9_10     Document Type: Chapter
Times cited : (1)

References (95)
  • 2
    • 0027180318 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics of diminazene in female Boran (Bos indicus) cattle
    • Aliu, Y. O., Mamman, M. and Peregrine, A. S. 1993. Pharmacokinetics of diminazene in female Boran (Bos indicus) cattle. J. Vet. Pharmacol. Therap. 16, 291-300.
    • (1993) J. Vet. Pharmacol. Therap. , vol.16 , pp. 291-300
    • Aliu, Y.O.1    Mamman, M.2    Peregrine, A.S.3
  • 3
    • 27444433745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phenotypic analysis of trypanothione synthetase knockdown in the African trypanosome
    • Arinayagam, M. R., Oza, S. L., Guther, M. L. S. and Fairlamb, A. H. 2005. Phenotypic analysis of trypanothione synthetase knockdown in the African trypanosome. Biochem. J. 391, 425-432.
    • (2005) Biochem. J. , vol.391 , pp. 425-432
    • Arinayagam, M.R.1    Oza, S.L.2    Guther, M.L.S.3    Fairlamb, A.H.4
  • 4
    • 0016234504 scopus 로고
    • Cyclization and N dealkylation of chloroguanide by rabbit and rat hepatic microsomes
    • Armstrong, V. L. and Smith, C. C. 1974. Cyclization and N dealkylation of chloroguanide by rabbit and rat hepatic microsomes. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 29, 90.
    • (1974) Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , vol.29 , pp. 90
    • Armstrong, V.L.1    Smith, C.C.2
  • 5
    • 0019194217 scopus 로고
    • Polyamine metabolism: A potential therapeutic target in trypanosomes
    • Bacchi, C. J., Nathan, H. C., Hutner, S. H., McCann, P. P., and Sjerdsma, A. 1980. Polyamine metabolism: a potential therapeutic target in trypanosomes. Science 210, 332-334.
    • (1980) Science , vol.210 , pp. 332-334
    • Bacchi, C.J.1    Nathan, H.C.2    Hutner, S.H.3    McCann, P.P.4    Sjerdsma, A.5
  • 7
    • 0035091543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A receptor-like flagellar pocket glycoprotein specific to Trypanosoma brucei gambiense
    • Berberof, M., Perez-Morga, D. and Pays, E. 2001. A receptor-like flagellar pocket glycoprotein specific to Trypanosoma brucei gambiense. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 113, 127-138.
    • (2001) Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. , vol.113 , pp. 127-138
    • Berberof, M.1    Perez-Morga, D.2    Pays, E.3
  • 8
    • 34548702901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Melarsoprol- and pentamidineresistant Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense populations and their cross-resistance
    • Bernhard, S., Nerima, B., Maser, P. and Brun, R. 2007. Melarsoprol- and pentamidineresistant Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense populations and their cross-resistance. Int. J. Parasitol. 37, 1443-1448.
    • (2007) Int. J. Parasitol. , vol.37 , pp. 1443-1448
    • Bernhard, S.1    Nerima, B.2    Maser, P.3    Brun, R.4
  • 9
    • 33846407934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Equivalence trail of melarsoprol and Nifurtimox monotherapy and combination therapy for the treatment of second stage trypanosome brucei gambiense sleeping sickness
    • Bisser S., N'Siesi, F-X., Lejon, V., Preux, P-M., Van Nieuwenhove, S., Miaka, C. and Buscher P. 2007. Equivalence trail of melarsoprol and Nifurtimox monotherapy and combination therapy for the treatment of second stage trypanosome brucei gambiense sleeping sickness. J. Infect. Dis. 195, 322-329.
    • (2007) J. Infect. Dis. , vol.195 , pp. 322-329
    • Bisser, S.1    N'Siesi, F.-X.2    Lejon, V.3    Preux, P.-M.4    Van Nieuwenhove, S.5    Miaka, C.6    Buscher, P.7
  • 10
    • 0024432005 scopus 로고
    • Malic enzyme VII isoenzyme as an indicator of suramin resistance in Trypanosoma evansi
    • Boid, R., Jones, T. W. and Payne, R. C., 1989. Malic enzyme VII isoenzyme as an indicator of suramin resistance in Trypanosoma evansi. Exp Parasitol. 69, 317-323.
    • (1989) Exp Parasitol. , vol.69 , pp. 317-323
    • Boid, R.1    Jones, T.W.2    Payne, R.C.3
  • 11
    • 0027241137 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetic properties of the trypanocidal drug melarsoprol
    • Burri, C., Baltz, T., Giroud, C., Doua, F., Welker, H. A. and Brun, R. 1993. Pharmacokinetic properties of the trypanocidal drug melarsoprol. Chemotherapy 39, 225-234.
    • (1993) Chemotherapy , vol.39 , pp. 225-234
    • Burri, C.1    Baltz, T.2    Giroud, C.3    Doua, F.4    Welker, H.A.5    Brun, R.6
  • 12
    • 0027500261 scopus 로고
    • Arsenical resistant trypanosomes lack an unusual adenosine transporter
    • Carter, N. S. and Fairlamb, A. H. 1993. Arsenical resistant trypanosomes lack an unusual adenosine transporter. Nature 361:173-175.
    • (1993) Nature , vol.361 , pp. 173-175
    • Carter, N.S.1    Fairlamb, A.H.2
  • 13
    • 0028875686 scopus 로고
    • Uptake of diamidine drugs by the P2 nucleoside transporter in melarsen-sensitive and -resistant Trypanosoma brucei brucei
    • Carter, N. S., Berger, B. J. and Fairlamb, A. H. 1995. Uptake of diamidine drugs by the P2 nucleoside transporter in melarsen-sensitive and -resistant Trypanosoma brucei brucei. J. Biol. Chem. 270, 28153-28157.
    • (1995) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.270 , pp. 28153-28157
    • Carter, N.S.1    Berger, B.J.2    Fairlamb, A.H.3
  • 14
    • 0026528589 scopus 로고
    • In vivo assessment of drug sensitivity of African trypanosomes using the akinetoplastic induction test
    • Chitambo, H., Arakawa, A. and Ono, T. 1992. In vivo assessment of drug sensitivity of African trypanosomes using the akinetoplastic induction test. Res. Vet. Sci. 52, 243-249.
    • (1992) Res. Vet. Sci. , vol.52 , pp. 243-249
    • Chitambo, H.1    Arakawa, A.2    Ono, T.3
  • 15
    • 34249901033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leishmania panamensis: Comparative inhibition of nuclear DNA topoisomerase II enzymes from promastigotes and human macrophages reveals anti-parasite selectivity of fluoroquinolones, flavanoids and pentamidin
    • Cortazar, T. M., Coombs, G. H. and Walker, J. 2007. Leishmania panamensis: comparative inhibition of nuclear DNA topoisomerase II enzymes from promastigotes and human macrophages reveals anti-parasite selectivity of fluoroquinolones, flavanoids and pentamidin. Exp. Parasitol. 116, 475-482.
    • (2007) Exp. Parasitol. , vol.116 , pp. 475-482
    • Cortazar, T.M.1    Coombs, G.H.2    Walker, J.3
  • 16
    • 0028895722 scopus 로고
    • Sexual compatibility among Trypanosoma brucei isolates from an epidemic area in south-eastern Uganda
    • Degen R., Pospichal H., Enyaru J. and Jenni L. 1995. Sexual compatibility among Trypanosoma brucei isolates from an epidemic area in south-eastern Uganda. Parasitol. Res. 81, 253-257.
    • (1995) Parasitol. Res. , vol.81 , pp. 253-257
    • Degen, R.1    Pospichal, H.2    Enyaru, J.3    Jenni, L.4
  • 17
    • 0021045232 scopus 로고
    • Role ofantibodyin the elimination of trypanosomes after DL-a-difluoromethylornithine chemotherapy
    • De Gee, A. L. W., McCann, P. P. and Mansfield, J. M. 1983. Role ofantibodyin the elimination of trypanosomes after DL-a-difluoromethylornithine chemotherapy. J. Parasitol. 69, 818-822.
    • (1983) J. Parasitol. , vol.69 , pp. 818-822
    • De Gee, A.L.W.1    McCann, P.P.2    Mansfield, J.M.3
  • 18
    • 0035119571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uptake of pentamidine in Trypanosoma brucei is mediated by three distinct transporters: Implications for cross-resistance with arsenicals
    • de Koning, H. 2001. Uptake of pentamidine in Trypanosoma brucei is mediated by three distinct transporters: implications for cross-resistance with arsenicals. Mol. Pharmacol. 59, 586-592.
    • (2001) Mol. Pharmacol. , vol.59 , pp. 586-592
    • De Koning, H.1
  • 19
    • 2142660741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The trypanocide diminazene aceturate is accumulated predominantly through the TbAT1 purine transporter: Additional insights on diamidine resistance in African trypanosomes
    • de Koning, H. P., Anderson, L. F., Stewart, M., Burchmore, R. J., Wallace, L. J. and Barrett, M. P. 2004. The trypanocide diminazene aceturate is accumulated predominantly through the TbAT1 purine transporter: additional insights on diamidine resistance in African trypanosomes. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 48, 1515-1519.
    • (2004) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. , vol.48 , pp. 1515-1519
    • De Koning, H.P.1    Anderson, L.F.2    Stewart, M.3    Burchmore, R.J.4    Wallace, L.J.5    Barrett, M.P.6
  • 20
    • 33751418498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SSCP analysis of the P2 purine transporter TcoAT1 gene of Trypanosoma congolense leads to a simple PCR-RFLP test allowing the rapid identification of diminazene resistant stocks
    • Delespaux, V., Chitanga, S., Geysen, D., Goethals, A. P., Van den Bossche, P. and Geerts, S. 2006. SSCP analysis of the P2 purine transporter TcoAT1 gene of Trypanosoma congolense leads to a simple PCR-RFLP test allowing the rapid identification of diminazene resistant stocks. Acta Trop. 100, 96-102.
    • (2006) Acta Trop. , vol.100 , pp. 96-102
    • Delespaux, V.1    Chitanga, S.2    Geysen, D.3    Goethals, A.P.4    Van Den Bossche, P.5    Geerts, S.6
  • 22
    • 0014936325 scopus 로고
    • An altered dihydrofolate reductase associated with pyrimethamine resistant P. bergei produced in a single step
    • Diggens, S. M., Gutteridge, W. E. and Trigg, P. I. 1970. An altered dihydrofolate reductase associated with pyrimethamine resistant P. bergei produced in a single step. Nature 228, 579-580.
    • (1970) Nature , vol.228 , pp. 579-580
    • Diggens, S.M.1    Gutteridge, W.E.2    Trigg, P.I.3
  • 24
    • 0142258170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemotherapy of human African trypanosomiasis: Current and future prospects
    • Fairlamb, A. H. 2003. Chemotherapy of human African trypanosomiasis: current and future prospects. Trends Parasitol. 19, 488-494.
    • (2003) Trends Parasitol. , vol.19 , pp. 488-494
    • Fairlamb, A.H.1
  • 25
    • 0017603966 scopus 로고
    • Trypanosoma brucei: Suramin and other trypanocidal compounds effects on glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase
    • Fairlamb, A. H. and Bowman, I. B. R. 1977. Trypanosoma brucei: suramin and other trypanocidal compounds effects on glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase. Exp. Parasitol. 43, 353-361.
    • (1977) Exp. Parasitol. , vol.43 , pp. 353-361
    • Fairlamb, A.H.1    Bowman, I.B.R.2
  • 26
    • 0019076864 scopus 로고
    • Uptake of the trypanocidal drug suramin by bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma brucei and its effects on respiration and growth rate in vivo
    • Fairlamb, A. H. and Bowman, I. B. R. 1980. Uptake of the trypanocidal drug suramin by bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma brucei and its effects on respiration and growth rate in vivo. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 1, 315-333.
    • (1980) Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. , vol.1 , pp. 315-333
    • Fairlamb, A.H.1    Bowman, I.B.R.2
  • 27
    • 0028266982 scopus 로고
    • The mode of action and the mechanism of resistance to antimalarial drugs
    • Foote, S. J. and Cowman, A. F. 1994. The mode of action and the mechanism of resistance to antimalarial drugs. Acta Trop. 56, 157-171.
    • (1994) Acta Trop. , vol.56 , pp. 157-171
    • Foote, S.J.1    Cowman, A.F.2
  • 28
    • 0345479418 scopus 로고
    • Flow cytofluorimetric analysis of drug accumulation by multidrug-resistant Trypanosoma brucei brucei and T. b. rhodesiense
    • Frommel, T. O. and Balber, A. E. 1987. Flow cytofluorimetric analysis of drug accumulation by multidrug-resistant Trypanosoma brucei brucei and T. b. rhodesiense. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 26, 183-192.
    • (1987) Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. , vol.26 , pp. 183-192
    • Frommel, T.O.1    Balber, A.E.2
  • 29
    • 0004443694 scopus 로고
    • The preparation of a strain of Trypanosoma rhodesiense resistant to stilbamidine and some observations on its nature
    • Fulton, J. D. and Grant, P. T. 1955. The preparation of a strain of Trypanosoma rhodesiense resistant to stilbamidine and some observations on its nature. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. 49, 377-387.
    • (1955) Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. , vol.49 , pp. 377-387
    • Fulton, J.D.1    Grant, P.T.2
  • 30
    • 0036238067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The human serum associated gene is ubiquitous and conserved in Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense throughout East Africa
    • Gibson, W., Backhouse, T. and Griffiths, A. 2002. The human serum associated gene is ubiquitous and conserved in Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense throughout East Africa. Infect. Genet. Evol. 1, 207-214.
    • (2002) Infect. Genet. Evol. , vol.1 , pp. 207-214
    • Gibson, W.1    Backhouse, T.2    Griffiths, A.3
  • 31
    • 0027299523 scopus 로고
    • Genetic exchange in Trypanosoma brucei: Selection of hybrid trypanosomes by introduction of genes conferring drug resistance
    • Gibson, W. and Whittington, H. 1993. Genetic exchange in Trypanosoma brucei: selection of hybrid trypanosomes by introduction of genes conferring drug resistance. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 60, 19-26.
    • (1993) Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. , vol.60 , pp. 19-26
    • Gibson, W.1    Whittington, H.2
  • 32
    • 0031746084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frequency of the asn-108 and Thr-108 point mutations in the dihydrofolate reductase gene in Plasmodium falciparum from southwest Columbia
    • Giraldo, L. E., Acosta, M. C., Labrada, L. A., Praba, A., Montanegro-James, S., Saravia, N. G. and Krogstad, D. J. 1998. Frequency of the asn-108 and Thr-108 point mutations in the dihydrofolate reductase gene in Plasmodium falciparum from southwest Columbia. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 59, 124-128.
    • (1998) Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.59 , pp. 124-128
    • Giraldo, L.E.1    Acosta, M.C.2    Labrada, L.A.3    Praba, A.4    Montanegro-James, S.5    Saravia, N.G.6    Krogstad, D.J.7
  • 33
    • 0042196834 scopus 로고
    • The absorption of arsenical compounds and tartar emetic by normal and resistant trypanosomes and its relation to drug-resistance
    • Hawking, F. 1936. The absorption of arsenical compounds and tartar emetic by normal and resistant trypanosomes and its relation to drug-resistance. J. Pharm. Exp. Therap. 59, 123-156.
    • (1936) J. Pharm. Exp. Therap. , vol.59 , pp. 123-156
    • Hawking, F.1
  • 34
    • 78651120225 scopus 로고
    • Drug resistance of Trypanosoma congolense and other trypanosomes to quinapyramine, penanthridines, Berenil and other compounds in mice
    • Hawking, F. 1963a. Drug resistance of Trypanosoma congolense and other trypanosomes to quinapyramine, penanthridines, Berenil and other compounds in mice. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. 57, 262-282.
    • (1963) Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. , vol.57 , pp. 262-282
    • Hawking, F.1
  • 35
    • 35349029198 scopus 로고
    • History of chemotherapy
    • Ed R. J. Schnitzer, and F. Hawking. New York, Academic Press
    • Hawking, F. 1963b. History of chemotherapy. In Experimental chemotherapy Ed R. J. Schnitzer, and F. Hawking. New York, Academic Press, Vol I, pp. 2-3.
    • (1963) Experimental Chemotherapy , vol.1 , pp. 2-3
    • Hawking, F.1
  • 36
    • 0028988032 scopus 로고
    • A novel cultivation technique for long-term maintenance of bloodstream form trypanosomes in vitro
    • Hesse, F., Sezer, P. M., Muhlstadt, K. and Duszenko, M. 1995. A novel cultivation technique for long-term maintenance of bloodstream form trypanosomes in vitro. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 70, 157-166.
    • (1995) Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. , vol.70 , pp. 157-166
    • Hesse, F.1    Sezer, P.M.2    Muhlstadt, K.3    Duszenko, M.4
  • 38
    • 0029122226 scopus 로고
    • Innate lack of susceptibility of Ugandan Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense to DL-a-difluorometylornithine (DFMO)
    • Iten, M., Matovu, E., Brun, R. and Kaminsky, R. 1995. Innate lack of susceptibility of Ugandan Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense to DL-a-difluorometylornithine (DFMO). Trop. Med. Parasitol. 46, 190-194.
    • (1995) Trop. Med. Parasitol. , vol.46 , pp. 190-194
    • Iten, M.1    Matovu, E.2    Brun, R.3    Kaminsky, R.4
  • 39
    • 0030824384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alterations in ornithine decarboxylase characteristics account for tolerance of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense to DL-a-difluoromethylornithine
    • Iten, M., Mett, H., Evans, A., Enyaru, J. C. K., Brun, R. and Kaminsky R. 1997. Alterations in ornithine decarboxylase characteristics account for tolerance of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense to DL-a-difluoromethylornithine. Antimicrob. Agents Chemoth. 41, 1922-1925.
    • (1997) Antimicrob. Agents Chemoth. , vol.41 , pp. 1922-1925
    • Iten, M.1    Mett, H.2    Evans, A.3    Enyaru, J.C.K.4    Brun, R.5    Kaminsky, R.6
  • 41
    • 0018676771 scopus 로고
    • The brain as a source of relapsing Trypanosoma brucei infections in mice after chemotherapy
    • Jennings, F. W., Whitelaw, D. D., Chizyuka, H. G. B., Holmes, P. H. and Urquhart, G. 1979. The brain as a source of relapsing Trypanosoma brucei infections in mice after chemotherapy. Int. J. Parasitol. 9, 381-384.
    • (1979) Int. J. Parasitol. , vol.9 , pp. 381-384
    • Jennings, F.W.1    Whitelaw, D.D.2    Chizyuka, H.G.B.3    Holmes, P.H.4    Urquhart, G.5
  • 42
    • 0025361688 scopus 로고
    • A drug incubation infectivity test DIIT for assessing resistance in trypanosomes
    • Kaminsky, R., Gumm, L. D., Zweygarth, E. and Chuma, F. 1990. A drug incubation infectivity test DIIT for assessing resistance in trypanosomes. Vet. Parasitol. 34, 335-343.
    • (1990) Vet. Parasitol. , vol.34 , pp. 335-343
    • Kaminsky, R.1    Gumm, L.D.2    Zweygarth, E.3    Chuma, F.4
  • 43
    • 0034087423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigations on the metabolites of the trypanocidal drug melarsoprol
    • Keiser, J., Ericson, O. and Burri, C. 2000. Investigations on the metabolites of the trypanocidal drug melarsoprol. Clin. Pharmacol. Therap. 67, 478-488.
    • (2000) Clin. Pharmacol. Therap. , vol.67 , pp. 478-488
    • Keiser, J.1    Ericson, O.2    Burri, C.3
  • 44
    • 0023854524 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetic and histopathological investigations of isometamidium in cattle
    • Kinabo, L. D. B. and Bogan, J. A. 1988. Pharmacokinetic and histopathological investigations of isometamidium in cattle. Res. Vet. Sci. 44, 267-269.
    • (1988) Res. Vet. Sci. , vol.44 , pp. 267-269
    • Kinabo, L.D.B.1    Bogan, J.A.2
  • 45
    • 0026017393 scopus 로고
    • Isometamidium in pigs: Disposition kinetics, tissue residues and adverse reactions
    • Kinabo, L. D. B, McKellar, Q. A., and Eckersall, P. D. 1991. Isometamidium in pigs: disposition kinetics, tissue residues and adverse reactions. Res. Vet. Sci. 50, 6-13.
    • (1991) Res. Vet. Sci. , vol.50 , pp. 6-13
    • Kinabo, L.D.B.1    McKellar, Q.A.2    Eckersall, P.D.3
  • 46
    • 0027424706 scopus 로고
    • Current situation of African trypanosomiasis
    • Kuzoe, F. A. S. 1993. Current situation of African trypanosomiasis. Acta Trop. 54, 153-162.
    • (1993) Acta Trop. , vol.54 , pp. 153-162
    • Kuzoe, F.A.S.1
  • 48
    • 4644332709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DB75, a novel trypanocidalagent disrupts mitochondrial function in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    • Lanteri, C. A., Trumpower, B. L., Tidwell, R. R. and Meshnick, S. R. 2004. DB75, a novel trypanocidalagent disrupts mitochondrial function in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Antimicrob. Agents Chemoth. 48, 3968-3974.
    • (2004) Antimicrob. Agents Chemoth. , vol.48 , pp. 3968-3974
    • Lanteri, C.A.1    Trumpower, B.L.2    Tidwell, R.R.3    Meshnick, S.R.4
  • 49
    • 0032871338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for treatment failure after melarsoprol for Trypanosoma brucei gambiense trypanosomiasis in Uganda
    • Legros, D., Evans, S., Maiso, F., Enyaru, J. C. K. and Mbulamberi, D. 1999. Risk factors for treatment failure after melarsoprol for Trypanosoma brucei gambiense trypanosomiasis in Uganda. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Parasitol. 93, 439-442.
    • (1999) Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Parasitol. , vol.93 , pp. 439-442
    • Legros, D.1    Evans, S.2    Maiso, F.3    Enyaru, J.C.K.4    Mbulamberi, D.5
  • 50
    • 50349106204 scopus 로고
    • Certain aspects of trypanosomiasis in some African independencies
    • Lester, H. M. O. 1939. Certain aspects of trypanosomiasis in some African independencies. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 33, 11-36.
    • (1939) Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.33 , pp. 11-36
    • Lester, H.M.O.1
  • 52
    • 33750611453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combined contribution of TbAT1 and TbMRPA to drug resistance in Trypanosoma brucei
    • Luscher, A., Nerima, B. and Maser, P. 2006. Combined contribution of TbAT1 and TbMRPA to drug resistance in Trypanosoma brucei. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 150, 364-366.
    • (2006) Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. , vol.150 , pp. 364-366
    • Luscher, A.1    Nerima, B.2    Maser, P.3
  • 53
    • 0015456102 scopus 로고
    • Drug effects on the fine structure of Trypanosoma rhodesiense: Diamidines
    • MacAdam, R. F. and Williamson, J. 1972. Drug effects on the fine structure of Trypanosoma rhodesiense: diamidines. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 66, 897-904.
    • (1972) Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.66 , pp. 897-904
    • MacAdam, R.F.1    Williamson, J.2
  • 54
    • 0028024475 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics of diminazene in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of goats
    • Mamman, M. and Peregrine, A. S. 1994. Pharmacokinetics of diminazene in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of goats. Res. Vet. Sci. 57, 253-255.
    • (1994) Res. Vet. Sci. , vol.57 , pp. 253-255
    • Mamman, M.1    Peregrine, A.S.2
  • 55
    • 35348915954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense isolates from Ibba, South Sudan, an area of high melarsoprol treatment failure rate
    • Maina, N., Maina, K., Maser, P. and Brun, R. 2007. Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense isolates from Ibba, South Sudan, an area of high melarsoprol treatment failure rate. Acta Trop. 104, 84-90.
    • (2007) Acta Trop. , vol.104 , pp. 84-90
    • Maina, N.1    Maina, K.2    Maser, P.3    Brun, R.4
  • 56
    • 0037834651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A nucleoside transporter from Trypanosoma brucei involved in drug resistance
    • Maser, P., Sutterlin, C., Kralli, A. and Kaminsky, R. 1999. A nucleoside transporter from Trypanosoma brucei involved in drug resistance. Science 285, 242-244.
    • (1999) Science , vol.285 , pp. 242-244
    • Maser, P.1    Sutterlin, C.2    Kralli, A.3    Kaminsky, R.4
  • 57
    • 0031882865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of three ABC transporter genes in Trypanosoma brucei spp
    • Maser, P. and Kaminsky, R. 1998. Identification of three ABC transporter genes in Trypanosoma brucei spp. Parasitol. Res. 84, 106-111.
    • (1998) Parasitol. Res. , vol.84 , pp. 106-111
    • Maser, P.1    Kaminsky, R.2
  • 58
    • 17444433224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug transport and drug resistance in African trypanosomes
    • Maser, P., Luscher, A. and Kaminsky, R. 2003. Drug transport and drug resistance in African trypanosomes. Drug Resist. Update 6, 281-290.
    • (2003) Drug Resist. Update , vol.6 , pp. 281-290
    • Maser, P.1    Luscher, A.2    Kaminsky, R.3
  • 59
    • 0031014731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Susceptibility of Ugandan Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense isolated from man and animal reservoirs to diminazene, isometamidium and melarsoprol
    • Matovu, E., Iten, M., Enyaru, J. C. K., Schmid, C., Lubega, G. W., Brun, R. and Kaminsky, R. 1997. Susceptibility of Ugandan Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense isolated from man and animal reservoirs to diminazene, isometamidium and melarsoprol. Trop. Med. Int. Health 2, 13-18.
    • (1997) Trop. Med. Int. Health , vol.2 , pp. 13-18
    • Matovu, E.1    Iten, M.2    Enyaru, J.C.K.3    Schmid, C.4    Lubega, G.W.5    Brun, R.6    Kaminsky, R.7
  • 60
    • 0034852287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic variants of the TbAT1 adenosine transporter from African trypanosomes in relapse infections following melarsoprol therapy
    • Matovu, E., Geiser, F., Schneider, V., Maser, P., Enyaru, J. C. K., Kaminsky, R., Gallati, S. and Seebeck, T. 2001. Genetic variants of the TbAT1 adenosine transporter from African trypanosomes in relapse infections following melarsoprol therapy. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 117, 73-81.
    • (2001) Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. , vol.117 , pp. 73-81
    • Matovu, E.1    Geiser, F.2    Schneider, V.3    Maser, P.4    Enyaru, J.C.K.5    Kaminsky, R.6    Gallati, S.7    Seebeck, T.8
  • 64
    • 36549036766 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of mutant P2 adenosine transporter TbAT1) gene in Trypanosoma brucei gambiense isolates from northwest Uganda using allele-specific polymerase chain reaction
    • Nerima, B., Matovu, E., Lubega, G. and Enyaru, J. 2007. Detection of mutant P2 adenosine transporter TbAT1) gene in Trypanosoma brucei gambiense isolates from northwest Uganda using allele-specific polymerase chain reaction. Trop. Med Int. Health 12, 1361-1368.
    • (2007) Trop. Med Int. Health , vol.12 , pp. 1361-1368
    • Nerima, B.1    Matovu, E.2    Lubega, G.3    Enyaru, J.4
  • 65
    • 0025894701 scopus 로고
    • A new approach to community participation in tsetse control in the Busoga Sleeping sickness focus, Uganda. A preliminary report
    • Okoth, J. O., Kirumira, E. K. and Kapaata, R. 1991. A new approach to community participation in tsetse control in the Busoga Sleeping sickness focus, Uganda. A preliminary report. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. 85, 315-322.
    • (1991) Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. , vol.85 , pp. 315-322
    • Okoth, J.O.1    Kirumira, E.K.2    Kapaata, R.3
  • 66
    • 0027255738 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of drug resistance in Leishmania
    • Ouellette, M. and Papadopoulou, B. 1993. Mechanisms of drug resistance in Leishmania. Parasitol. Today 9, 150-153.
    • (1993) Parasitol. Today , vol.9 , pp. 150-153
    • Ouellette, M.1    Papadopoulou, B.2
  • 67
    • 0025321675 scopus 로고
    • The amplified H-circle of methotrexateresistant Leishmania tarentolae contains a novel P-glycoprotein
    • Ouellette, M., Fase-Fowler, F. and Borst, P. 1990. The amplified H-circle of methotrexateresistant Leishmania tarentolae contains a novel P-glycoprotein. EMBO J. 9, 1027-1033.
    • (1990) EMBO J. , vol.9 , pp. 1027-1033
    • Ouellette, M.1    Fase-Fowler, F.2    Borst, P.3
  • 68
    • 0026022969 scopus 로고
    • Direct and inverted DNA repeats associated with P-glycoprotein gene amplification in drug resistant Leishmania
    • Ouellette, M., Hettema, E., Wust, D., Fase-Fowler, F. and Borst, P. 1991. Direct and inverted DNA repeats associated with P-glycoprotein gene amplification in drug resistant Leishmania. EMBO J. 10, 1009-1016.
    • (1991) EMBO J. , vol.10 , pp. 1009-1016
    • Ouellette, M.1    Hettema, E.2    Wust, D.3    Fase-Fowler, F.4    Borst, P.5
  • 69
    • 0027952832 scopus 로고
    • Invariant surface proteins in bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma brucei
    • Overath, P., Chaudri, M., Steverdig, D. and Ziegelbauer, K. 1994. Invariant surface proteins in bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma brucei. Parasitol. Today 10, 53-58.
    • (1994) Parasitol. Today , vol.10 , pp. 53-58
    • Overath, P.1    Chaudri, M.2    Steverdig, D.3    Ziegelbauer, K.4
  • 70
    • 0025762044 scopus 로고
    • African trypanosomiasis and drug-induced encephalopathy; risk factors and pathogenesis
    • Pepin, J. and Milord, F. 1991. African trypanosomiasis and drug-induced encephalopathy; risk factors and pathogenesis. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 85, 222-224.
    • (1991) Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.85 , pp. 222-224
    • Pepin, J.1    Milord, F.2
  • 71
    • 0028366196 scopus 로고
    • The treatment of human African trypanosomiasis
    • Pepin, J. and Milord, F. 1994. The treatment of human African trypanosomiasis. Adv. Parasitol. 33, 1-47.
    • (1994) Adv. Parasitol. , vol.33 , pp. 1-47
    • Pepin, J.1    Milord, F.2
  • 72
  • 74
    • 0029775095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Point mutations in the dihydrofolate reductase and dihydropteroate synthetase genes and in vitro susceptibility to pyrimathamine and cycloguanil of Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Papua New Guinea
    • Reeder, J. C., Riekmann, K. H., Genton, B., Lorry, K., Wines, B. and Cowman, A. F. 1996. Point mutations in the dihydrofolate reductase and dihydropteroate synthetase genes and in vitro susceptibility to pyrimathamine and cycloguanil of Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Papua New Guinea. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 55, 209-213.
    • (1996) Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.55 , pp. 209-213
    • Reeder, J.C.1    Riekmann, K.H.2    Genton, B.3    Lorry, K.4    Wines, B.5    Cowman, A.F.6
  • 75
    • 4344668582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The melaminophenyl arsenicals melarsoprol and melarsen oxide interfere with thiamine metabolism in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe
    • Schweingruber, M. 2004. The melaminophenyl arsenicals melarsoprol and melarsen oxide interfere with thiamine metabolism in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Antimicrob. Agents Chemoth. 48, 3268-3271.
    • (2004) Antimicrob. Agents Chemoth. , vol.48 , pp. 3268-3271
    • Schweingruber, M.1
  • 76
    • 0036223214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Over-expression of the putative thiol conjugate transporter TbMRPA causes melarsoprol resistance in Trypanosoma brucei
    • Shahi, S. K., Krauth-Siegel, R. L. and Clayton, C. E. 2002. Over-expression of the putative thiol conjugate transporter TbMRPA causes melarsoprol resistance in Trypanosoma brucei. Mol. Microbiol. 43, 1129-1138.
    • (2002) Mol. Microbiol. , vol.43 , pp. 1129-1138
    • Shahi, S.K.1    Krauth-Siegel, R.L.2    Clayton, C.E.3
  • 77
    • 32144431759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biosynthesis and uptake of thiamine vitamin B1. in bloodstream form Trypanosoma brucei brucei and interference of the vitamin with melarsen oxide activity
    • Stoffel, S., Rodenko, B., Schweingruber, A., Maser, P., de Koning, H. and Schweingruber, M. 2006. Biosynthesis and uptake of thiamine vitamin B1. in bloodstream form Trypanosoma brucei brucei and interference of the vitamin with melarsen oxide activity. Int. J. Parasitol. 36, 229-236.
    • (2006) Int. J. Parasitol. , vol.36 , pp. 229-236
    • Stoffel, S.1    Rodenko, B.2    Schweingruber, A.3    Maser, P.4    De Koning, H.5    Schweingruber, M.6
  • 78
    • 0347756749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in adenosine transport associated with melanophenyl arsenical (Mel CY. resiatnce in Trypanosoma evansi: Down-regulation and affinity changes of the P2 transporter
    • Suswam, E. A., Ross, C. A. and Martin, R. J. 2003. Changes in adenosine transport associated with melanophenyl arsenical (Mel CY. resiatnce in Trypanosoma evansi: down-regulation and affinity changes of the P2 transporter. Parasitology 127, 543-549.
    • (2003) Parasitology , vol.127 , pp. 543-549
    • Suswam, E.A.1    Ross, C.A.2    Martin, R.J.3
  • 79
    • 0026648157 scopus 로고
    • Transport of isometamidium (Samorin) by drug resistant and drug sensitive Trypanosoma congolense
    • Sutherland, I. A., Mounsey, A. and Holmes, P. H. (1992). Transport of isometamidium (Samorin) by drug resistant and drug sensitive Trypanosoma congolense. Parasitology 104, 461-467.
    • (1992) Parasitology , vol.104 , pp. 461-467
    • Sutherland, I.A.1    Mounsey, A.2    Holmes, P.H.3
  • 80
    • 0027371516 scopus 로고
    • Alterations in drug transport in resistant Trypanosoma congolense
    • Sutherland, I. A. and Holmes, P. H. 1993. Alterations in drug transport in resistant Trypanosoma congolense, Acta Trop. 54, 271-278.
    • (1993) Acta Trop. , vol.54 , pp. 271-278
    • Sutherland, I.A.1    Holmes, P.H.2
  • 81
    • 33646515328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The anti-trypanosomal drug melarsoprol competitively inhibits thiamin uptake in mouse neuroblastoma cells
    • Szyniarowski, P., Bettendorff, L. and Schweingruber, M. 2006. The anti-trypanosomal drug melarsoprol competitively inhibits thiamin uptake in mouse neuroblastoma cells. Cell Biol. Toxicol. 22, 183-187.
    • (2006) Cell Biol. Toxicol. , vol.22 , pp. 183-187
    • Szyniarowski, P.1    Bettendorff, L.2    Schweingruber, M.3
  • 82
    • 0021794126 scopus 로고
    • The biochemistry of the surface antigens of African trypanosomes
    • Turner, M. J. 1985. The biochemistry of the surface antigens of African trypanosomes. Br. Med. Bull. 41, 137-143.
    • (1985) Br. Med. Bull. , vol.41 , pp. 137-143
    • Turner, M.J.1
  • 83
    • 0028294024 scopus 로고
    • Multiple drug resistance in the pathogenic protozoa
    • Upcroft, P. 1994. Multiple drug resistance in the pathogenic protozoa. Acta Trop. 56, 195-212.
    • (1994) Acta Trop. , vol.56 , pp. 195-212
    • Upcroft, P.1
  • 84
    • 0022194481 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of gambiense sleeping sickness in the Sudan with Oral DFMO DL-a-difluoromethylornithine), an inhibitor of the ornithine decarboxylase; first field trial
    • Van Nieuwenhove, S., Schechter, P. J., Declercq, J., Bone, G., Burke, J. and Sjoerdsma, A. 1985. Treatment of gambiense sleeping sickness in the Sudan with Oral DFMO DL-a-difluoromethylornithine), an inhibitor of the ornithine decarboxylase; first field trial. Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 79, 692-698.
    • (1985) Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.79 , pp. 692-698
    • Van Nieuwenhove, S.1    Schechter, P.J.2    Declercq, J.3    Bone, G.4    Burke, J.5    Sjoerdsma, A.6
  • 85
    • 0027430091 scopus 로고
    • The uptake of the trypanocidal drug suramin in combination with low-density lipoproteins by Trypanosoma brucei and its possible mode of action
    • Vansterkenburg, E. L. M., Coppens, I., Wilting, J., Bos, O. J. M., Fischer, M. J. E., Janssen, L. H. M. and Opperdoes, F. R. 1993. The uptake of the trypanocidal drug suramin in combination with low-density lipoproteins by Trypanosoma brucei and its possible mode of action. Acta Trop. 54, 237-250.
    • (1993) Acta Trop. , vol.54 , pp. 237-250
    • Vansterkenburg, E.L.M.1    Coppens, I.2    Wilting, J.3    Bos, O.J.M.4    Fischer, M.J.E.5    Janssen, L.H.M.6    Opperdoes, F.R.7
  • 86
    • 0018096718 scopus 로고
    • Antigenic variation in trypanosomes
    • Vickerman, K. 1978. Antigenic variation in trypanosomes. Nature 273, 613-617.
    • (1978) Nature , vol.273 , pp. 613-617
    • Vickerman, K.1
  • 87
    • 0042327848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Principles of area-wide intergrated testse fly control using the sterile insect technique
    • Vreysen, M. J. 2001. Principles of area-wide intergrated testse fly control using the sterile insect technique. Med. Trop. (Mars.) 61, 397-411.
    • (2001) Med. Trop. (Mars.) , vol.61 , pp. 397-411
    • Vreysen, M.J.1
  • 89
    • 0025776128 scopus 로고
    • Molecular studies on trypanothione reductase, a target for anti-parasitic drugs
    • Walsh, C., Bradley, M. and Nadeau, K. 1991. Molecular studies on trypanothione reductase, a target for anti-parasitic drugs. TIBS 16, 305-309.
    • (1991) TIBS , vol.16 , pp. 305-309
    • Walsh, C.1    Bradley, M.2    Nadeau, K.3
  • 90
    • 0028949538 scopus 로고
    • Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic approaches to the treatment of African trypanosomiasis
    • Wang, C. C. 1995. Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic approaches to the treatment of African trypanosomiasis. Ann. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 35, 93-127.
    • (1995) Ann. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. , vol.35 , pp. 93-127
    • Wang, C.C.1
  • 91
    • 0035204402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sleeping sickness: A tale of two diseases. A review focussing on the contrasts between the epidemiology of T.b. rhodesiense and T. b. gambiense
    • Welburn, S. C., Coleman, P. G., Fevre, E., Maudlin, I. 2001. Sleeping sickness: a tale of two diseases. A review focussing on the contrasts between the epidemiology of T.b. rhodesiense and T. b. gambiense. Parasitol. Today 19, 19-24.
    • (2001) Parasitol. Today , vol.19 , pp. 19-24
    • Welburn, S.C.1    Coleman, P.G.2    Fevre, E.3    Maudlin, I.4
  • 92
    • 0003760859 scopus 로고
    • Report of a WHO Expert Committee, WHO, Geneva. Technical Report Series
    • WHO. 1986. Epidemiology and control of African trypanosomiasis. Report of a WHO Expert Committee, WHO, Geneva. Technical Report Series 739, pp. 7.
    • (1986) Epidemiology and Control of African Trypanosomiasis , pp. 7
    • WHO1
  • 93
    • 0028046144 scopus 로고
    • Amplification of the inosinate dehydrogenase gene in Trypanosoma brucei gambiense due to an increase in chromosome copy number
    • Wilson, K., Berens, R. L., Sifri, C. D. and Ullman, B. 1994. Amplification of the inosinate dehydrogenase gene in Trypanosoma brucei gambiense due to an increase in chromosome copy number. J. Biol. Chem. 269, 28979-28987.
    • (1994) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.269 , pp. 28979-28987
    • Wilson, K.1    Berens, R.L.2    Sifri, C.D.3    Ullman, B.4
  • 94
    • 2942637585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RNA-interference silencing of the adenosine transporter gene in Trypanosoma evansi confers resistance to diminazene aceturate
    • Witola, W. H., Inoue, N., Ohasi, K. and Onuma, M. 2004. RNA-interference silencing of the adenosine transporter gene in Trypanosoma evansi confers resistance to diminazene aceturate. Exp. Parasitol. 107, 47-57.
    • (2004) Exp. Parasitol. , vol.107 , pp. 47-57
    • Witola, W.H.1    Inoue, N.2    Ohasi, K.3    Onuma, M.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.