메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 30, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 66-78

Facilitation of corticospinal connections in able-bodied people and people with central nervous system disorders using eight interventions

Author keywords

Functional electrical stimulation; Neural plasticity; Transcranial magnetic stimulation

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASE; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORTICOSPINAL CONNECTION; ELECTROCARDIOGRAM; EVOKED MUSCLE RESPONSE; FACILITATION; FUNCTIONAL ELECTRICAL STIMULATION; HOFFMANN REFLEX; HUMAN; INTERVENTION STUDY; M WAVE; MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS; MUSCLE CONTRACTION; NERVE EXCITABILITY; NERVE STIMULATION; NERVOUS SYSTEM PARAMETERS; PAIRED ASSOCIATIVE STIMULATION; SPINAL CORD INJURY; TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION; VOLUNTARY CONTRACTION;

EID: 84873361330     PISSN: 07360258     EISSN: 15371603     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/WNP.0b013e31827ed6bd     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (27)

References (56)
  • 1
    • 52449115637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cortical excitability changes following grasping exercise augmented with electrical stimulation
    • Barsi GI, Popovic DB, Tarkka IM, et al. Cortical excitability changes following grasping exercise augmented with electrical stimulation. Exp Brain Res 2008;191:57-66.
    • (2008) Exp Brain Res , vol.191 , pp. 57-66
    • Barsi, G.I.1    Popovic, D.B.2    Tarkka, I.M.3
  • 2
    • 77955979327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired transmission in the corticospinal tract and gait disability in spinal cord injured persons
    • Barthelemy D, Willerslev-Olsen M, Lundell H, et al. Impaired transmission in the corticospinal tract and gait disability in spinal cord injured persons. J Neurophysiol 2010;104:1167-1176.
    • (2010) J Neurophysiol , vol.104 , pp. 1167-1176
    • Barthelemy, D.1    Willerslev-Olsen, M.2    Lundell, H.3
  • 3
    • 3242768257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnetic brain stimulation can improve clinical outcome in incomplete spinal cord injured patients
    • Belci M, Catley M, Husain M, et al. Magnetic brain stimulation can improve clinical outcome in incomplete spinal cord injured patients. Spinal Cord 2004;42:417-419.
    • (2004) Spinal Cord , vol.42 , pp. 417-419
    • Belci, M.1    Catley, M.2    Husain, M.3
  • 4
    • 0028943716 scopus 로고
    • Motoneuron properties after operantly conditioned increase in primate H-reflex
    • Carp JS, Wolpaw Jr. Motoneuron properties after operantly conditioned increase in primate H-reflex. J Neurophysiol 1995;73:1365-1373.
    • (1995) J Neurophysiol , vol.73 , pp. 1365-1373
    • Carp, J.S.1    Wolpaw, J.R.2
  • 5
    • 0008607796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Operant conditioning of H-reflex increase in spinal cord-injured rats
    • Chen XY, Wolpaw JR, Jakeman LB, Stokes BT. Operant conditioning of H-reflex increase in spinal cord-injured rats. J Neurotrauma 1999;16:175-186.
    • (1999) J Neurotrauma , vol.16 , pp. 175-186
    • Chen, X.Y.1    Wolpaw, J.R.2    Jakeman, L.B.3    Stokes, B.T.4
  • 6
    • 0030986046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Input-output properties and gain changes in the human corticospinal pathway
    • Devanne H, Lavoie BA, Capaday C. Input-output properties and gain changes in the human corticospinal pathway. Exp Brain Res 1997;114:329-338.
    • (1997) Exp Brain Res , vol.114 , pp. 329-338
    • Devanne, H.1    Lavoie, B.A.2    Capaday, C.3
  • 7
    • 48849093943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical applications oftranscranial magnetic stimulation in patients with movement disorders
    • Edwards MJ, Talelli P, Rothwell JC. Clinical applications oftranscranial magnetic stimulation in patients with movement disorders. Lancet Neurol 2008;7: 827-840.
    • (2008) Lancet Neurol , vol.7 , pp. 827-840
    • Edwards, M.J.1    Talelli, P.2    Rothwell, J.C.3
  • 9
    • 76649124565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does functional electrical stimulation for foot drop strengthen corticospinal connections?
    • Everaert DG, Thompson AK, Chong SL, Stein RB. Does functional electrical stimulation for foot drop strengthen corticospinal connections? Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2010;24:168-177.
    • (2010) Neurorehabil Neural Repair , vol.24 , pp. 168-177
    • Everaert, D.G.1    Thompson, A.K.2    Chong, S.L.3    Stein, R.B.4
  • 10
    • 79952236229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of a locomotor training approach on walking speed and distance in people with chronic spinal cord injury: A randomized clinical trial
    • Field-Fote EC, Roach KE. Influence of a locomotor training approach on walking speed and distance in people with chronic spinal cord injury: a randomized clinical trial. Phys Ther 2011;91:48-60.
    • (2011) Phys Ther , vol.91 , pp. 48-60
    • Field-Fote, E.C.1    Roach, K.E.2
  • 11
    • 50049109048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bidirectional long-term motor cortical plasticity and metaplasticity induced by quadripulse transcranial magnetic stimulation
    • Hamada M, Terao Y, Hanajima R, et al. Bidirectional long-term motor cortical plasticity and metaplasticity induced by quadripulse transcranial magnetic stimulation. J Physiol 2008;586:3927-3947.
    • (2008) J Physiol , vol.586 , pp. 3927-3947
    • Hamada, M.1    Terao, Y.2    Hanajima, R.3
  • 13
    • 43149106973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contralesional paired associative stimulation increases paretic lower limb motor excitability post-stroke
    • Jayaram G, Stinear JW. Contralesional paired associative stimulation increases paretic lower limb motor excitability post-stroke. Exp Brain Res 2008;185:563-570.
    • (2008) Exp Brain Res , vol.185 , pp. 563-570
    • Jayaram, G.1    Stinear, J.W.2
  • 14
    • 70349784019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects oftranscranial stimulation on paretic lower limb motor excitability during walking
    • Jayaram G, Stinear JW. The effects oftranscranial stimulation on paretic lower limb motor excitability during walking. J Clin Neurophysiol 2009;26:272-279.
    • (2009) J Clin Neurophysiol , vol.26 , pp. 272-279
    • Jayaram, G.1    Stinear, J.W.2
  • 15
    • 29544451294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Motor skill training and strength training are associated with different plastic changes in the central nervous system
    • Jensen JL, Marstrand PC, Nielsen JB. Motor skill training and strength training are associated with different plastic changes in the central nervous system. JAppl Physiol 2005;99:1558-1568.
    • (2005) JAppl Physiol , vol.99 , pp. 1558-1568
    • Jensen, J.L.1    Marstrand, P.C.2    Nielsen, J.B.3
  • 16
    • 0037092296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulation of human corticomotor excitability by somatosensory input
    • Kaelin-Lang A, Luft AR, Sawaki L, et al. Modulation of human corticomotor excitability by somatosensory input. J Physiol 2002;540:623-633.
    • (2002) J Physiol , vol.540 , pp. 623-633
    • Kaelin-Lang, A.1    Luft, A.R.2    Sawaki, L.3
  • 17
    • 0036323273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increase in tibialis anterior motor cortex excitability following repetitive electrical stimulation of the common pero-neal nerve
    • Khaslavskaia S, Ladouceur M, Sinkjaer T. Increase in tibialis anterior motor cortex excitability following repetitive electrical stimulation of the common pero-neal nerve. Exp Brain Res 2002;145:309-315.
    • (2002) Exp Brain Res , vol.145 , pp. 309-315
    • Khaslavskaia, S.1    Ladouceur, M.2    Sinkjaer, T.3
  • 18
    • 18844428045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Motor cortex excitability following repetitive electri-cal stimulation of the common peroneal nerve depends on the voluntary drive
    • Khaslavskaia S, Sinkjaer T. Motor cortex excitability following repetitive electri-cal stimulation of the common peroneal nerve depends on the voluntary drive. Exp Brain Res 2005;162:497-502.
    • (2005) Exp Brain Res , vol.162 , pp. 497-502
    • Khaslavskaia, S.1    Sinkjaer, T.2
  • 19
    • 23244444485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic trial of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation after acute ischemic stroke
    • Khedr EM, Ahmed MA, Fathy N, Rothwell JC. Therapeutic trial of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation after acute ischemic stroke. Neurology 2005;65:466-468.
    • (2005) Neurology , vol.65 , pp. 466-468
    • Khedr, E.M.1    Ahmed, M.A.2    Fathy, N.3    Rothwell, J.C.4
  • 20
    • 33745152342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation-induced corticomotor excitability and associated motor skill acquisition in chronic stroke
    • Kim YH, You SH, Ko MH, et al. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation-induced corticomotor excitability and associated motor skill acquisition in chronic stroke. Stroke 2006;37:1471-1476.
    • (2006) Stroke , vol.37 , pp. 1471-1476
    • Kim, Y.H.1    You, S.H.2    Ko, M.H.3
  • 21
    • 0344873307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrical stimulation of the human common peroneal nerve elicits lasting facilitation ofmotor-evoked potentials
    • Knash ME, Kido A, Gorassini M, et al. Electrical stimulation of the human common peroneal nerve elicits lasting facilitation ofmotor-evoked potentials. Exp Brain Res 2003;221:366-377.
    • (2003) Exp Brain Res , vol.221 , pp. 366-377
    • Knash, M.E.1    Kido, A.2    Gorassini, M.3
  • 22
    • 33748542269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Associative plasticity in human motor cortex during voluntary muscle contraction
    • Kujirai K, Kujirai T, Sinkjaer T, Rothwell JC. Associative plasticity in human motor cortex during voluntary muscle contraction. J Neurophysiol 2006;96: 1337-1346.
    • (2006) J Neurophysiol , vol.96 , pp. 1337-1346
    • Kujirai, K.1    Kujirai, T.2    Sinkjaer, T.3    Rothwell, J.C.4
  • 23
    • 80855143699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Action of5Hz repet-itive transcranial magnetic stimulation on sensory, motor and autonomic func-tion in human spinal cord injury
    • Kuppuswamy A, Balasubramaniam AV, Maksimovic R, et al. Action of5Hz repet-itive transcranial magnetic stimulation on sensory, motor and autonomic func-tion in human spinal cord injury. Clin Neurophysiol 2011;122:2452-2461.
    • (2011) Clin Neurophysiol , vol.122 , pp. 2452-2461
    • Kuppuswamy, A.1    Balasubramaniam, A.V.2    Maksimovic, R.3
  • 24
    • 77955956231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paired associative stimulation induces change in presynaptic inhibition of Ia terminals in wrist flexors in humans
    • Lamy JC, Russmann H, Shamim EA, et al. Paired associative stimulation induces change in presynaptic inhibition of Ia terminals in wrist flexors in humans. J Neurophysiol 2010;104:755-764.
    • (2010) J Neurophysiol , vol.104 , pp. 755-764
    • Lamy, J.C.1    Russmann, H.2    Shamim, E.A.3
  • 25
    • 42149105635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improvement of dexterity by single session low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over the contralesional motor cortex in acute stroke: A double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trial
    • Liepert J, Zittel S, Weiller C. Improvement of dexterity by single session low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over the contralesional motor cortex in acute stroke: a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trial. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2007;25:461-465.
    • (2007) Restor Neurol Neurosci , vol.25 , pp. 461-465
    • Liepert, J.1    Zittel, S.2    Weiller, C.3
  • 26
    • 0034193409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulation ofcorticospinal excitability by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation
    • Maeda F, Keenan JP, Tormos JM, et al. Modulation ofcorticospinal excitability by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. Clin Neurophysiol 2000;111: 800-805.
    • (2000) Clin Neurophysiol , vol.111 , pp. 800-805
    • Maeda, F.1    Keenan, J.P.2    Tormos, J.M.3
  • 27
    • 77952291246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in corticospinal excitability evoked by common peroneal nerve stimulation depend on stimulation frequency
    • Mang CS, Lagerquist O, Collins DF. Changes in corticospinal excitability evoked by common peroneal nerve stimulation depend on stimulation frequency. Exp Brain Res 2010;203:11-20.
    • (2010) Exp Brain Res , vol.203 , pp. 11-20
    • Mang, C.S.1    Lagerquist, O.2    Collins, D.F.3
  • 29
    • 33947143426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in excitability of the cortical projections to the human tibialis anterior after paired associative stimulation
    • Mrachacz-Kersting N, Fong M, Murphy BA, Sinkjaer T. Changes in excitability of the cortical projections to the human tibialis anterior after paired associative stimulation. J Neurophysiol 2007;97:1951-1958.
    • (2007) J Neurophysiol , vol.97 , pp. 1951-1958
    • Mrachacz-Kersting, N.1    Fong, M.2    Murphy, B.A.3    Sinkjaer, T.4
  • 30
    • 0027989493 scopus 로고
    • Responses to rapid-rate transcranial magnetic stimulation of the human motor cortex
    • Pascual-Leone A, Valls-Sole J, Wassermann EM, Hallett M. Responses to rapid-rate transcranial magnetic stimulation of the human motor cortex. Brain 1994;117(pt 4):847-858.
    • (1994) Brain , vol.117 , Issue.PART 4 , pp. 847-858
    • Pascual-Leone, A.1    Valls-Sole, J.2    Wassermann, E.M.3    Hallett, M.4
  • 31
    • 11144296952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Motor skill training induces changes in the excitability of the leg cortical area in healthy humans
    • Perez MA, Lungholt BK, Nyborg K, Nielsen JB. Motor skill training induces changes in the excitability of the leg cortical area in healthy humans. Exp Brain Res 2004;159:197-205.
    • (2004) Exp Brain Res , vol.159 , pp. 197-205
    • Perez, M.A.1    Lungholt, B.K.2    Nyborg, K.3    Nielsen, J.B.4
  • 32
    • 44749091786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interaction of paired cortical and peripheral nerve stimulation on human motor neurons
    • Poon DE, Roy FD, Gorassini MA, Stein RB. Interaction of paired cortical and peripheral nerve stimulation on human motor neurons. Exp Brain Res 2008; 188:13-21.
    • (2008) Exp Brain Res , vol.188 , pp. 13-21
    • Poon, D.E.1    Roy, F.D.2    Gorassini, M.A.3    Stein, R.B.4
  • 33
    • 13744258535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distinct changes in cortical and spinal excitability following high-frequency repetitive TMS to the human motor cortex
    • Quartarone A, Bagnato S, Rizzo V, et al. Distinct changes in cortical and spinal excitability following high-frequency repetitive TMS to the human motor cortex. Exp Brain Res 2005;161:114-124.
    • (2005) Exp Brain Res , vol.161 , pp. 114-124
    • Quartarone, A.1    Bagnato, S.2    Rizzo, V.3
  • 34
    • 33644953668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences between the effects of three plasticity inducing protocols on the organization of the human motor cortex
    • Rosenkranz K, Rothwell JC. Differences between the effects of three plasticity inducing protocols on the organization of the human motor cortex. Eur J Neurosci 2006;23:822-829.
    • (2006) Eur J Neurosci , vol.23 , pp. 822-829
    • Rosenkranz, K.1    Rothwell, J.C.2
  • 35
    • 70450273261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety, ethical considerations, and application guidelines for the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation in clinical practice and research
    • Rossi S, Hallett M, Rossini PM, Pascual-Leone A. Safety, ethical considerations, and application guidelines for the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation in clinical practice and research. Clin Neurophysiol 2009;120:2008-2039.
    • (2009) Clin Neurophysiol , vol.120 , pp. 2008-2039
    • Rossi, S.1    Hallett, M.2    Rossini, P.M.3    Pascual-Leone, A.4
  • 36
    • 0023628579 scopus 로고
    • Motor cortex stimulation in intact man. 1. General characteristics of EMG responses in different muscles
    • Rothwell JC, Thompson PD, Day BL, et al. Motor cortex stimulation in intact man. 1. General characteristics of EMG responses in different muscles. Brain 1987;110(pt 5):1173-1190.
    • (1987) Brain , vol.110 , Issue.PART 5 , pp. 1173-1190
    • Rothwell, J.C.1    Thompson, P.D.2    Day, B.L.3
  • 37
    • 51749093122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peripheral sensory activation ofcortical circuits in the leg motor cortex ofman
    • Roy FD, Gorassini MA. Peripheral sensory activation ofcortical circuits in the leg motor cortex ofman. JPhysiol 2008;586:4091-4105.
    • (2008) JPhysiol , vol.586 , pp. 4091-4105
    • Roy, F.D.1    Gorassini, M.A.2
  • 38
    • 34547782275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role ofsustained excitability of the leg motor cortex after transcranial magnetic stimulation in associative plasticity
    • Roy FD, Norton JA, Gorassini MA. Role ofsustained excitability of the leg motor cortex after transcranial magnetic stimulation in associative plasticity. J Neurophysiol 2007;98:657-667.
    • (2007) J Neurophysiol , vol.98 , pp. 657-667
    • Roy, F.D.1    Norton, J.A.2    Gorassini, M.A.3
  • 39
    • 77951248211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Afferent regulation of leg motor cortex excitability after incomplete spinal cord injury
    • Roy FD, Yang JF, Gorassini MA. Afferent regulation of leg motor cortex excitability after incomplete spinal cord injury. J Neurophysiol 2010;103:2222-2233.
    • (2010) J Neurophysiol , vol.103 , pp. 2222-2233
    • Roy, F.D.1    Yang, J.F.2    Gorassini, M.A.3
  • 40
    • 0036714467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of enhancement of human motor cortex excitability induced by interventional paired associative stimu-lation
    • Stefan K, Kunesch E, Benecke R, et al. Mechanisms of enhancement of human motor cortex excitability induced by interventional paired associative stimu-lation. J Physiol 2002;543:699-708.
    • (2002) J Physiol , vol.543 , pp. 699-708
    • Stefan, K.1    Kunesch, E.2    Benecke, R.3
  • 41
    • 0033961189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction ofplasticity in the human motor cortex by paired associative stimulation
    • Stefan K, Kunesch E, Cohen LG, et al. Induction ofplasticity in the human motor cortex by paired associative stimulation. Brain 2000;123(pt 3):572-584.
    • (2000) Brain , vol.123 , Issue.PART 3 , pp. 572-584
    • Stefan, K.1    Kunesch, E.2    Cohen, L.G.3
  • 42
    • 33749830914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Muscle reflexes in motion: How, what and why?
    • Stein R, Thompson A. Muscle reflexes in motion: how, what and why? Exc Sport Sci Rev 2006;34:145-153.
    • (2006) Exc Sport Sci Rev , vol.34 , pp. 145-153
    • Stein, R.1    Thompson, A.2
  • 43
    • 84873391807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TMS and PAS for strength-ening corticospinal connections in disabled and able-bodied humans
    • Abst 657.651
    • Stein RB, Chong SL, Everaert DG. Comparing FES, TMS and PAS for strength-ening corticospinal connections in disabled and able-bodied humans. Soc Neurosci 2009. Abst 657.651.
    • (2009) Soc Neurosci
    • Stein, R.B.1    Chong, S.L.2    Everaert, D.G.3    Fes, C.4
  • 44
    • 76649110210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term therapeutic and orthotic effects of a foot drop stimulator on walking performance in progressive and nonprogressive neurological disorders
    • Stein RB, Everaert DG, Thompson AK, et al. Long-term therapeutic and orthotic effects of a foot drop stimulator on walking performance in progressive and nonprogressive neurological disorders. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2010;24:152-167.
    • (2010) Neurorehabil Neural Repair , vol.24 , pp. 152-167
    • Stein, R.B.1    Everaert, D.G.2    Thompson, A.K.3
  • 45
    • 24944496865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stimulation-induced changes in lower limb corticomotor excitability during treadmill walking in humans
    • Stinear JW, Hornby TG. Stimulation-induced changes in lower limb corticomotor excitability during treadmill walking in humans. J Physiol 2005;567: 701-711.
    • (2005) J Physiol , vol.567 , pp. 701-711
    • Stinear, J.W.1    Hornby, T.G.2
  • 46
    • 24944511114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increases in corticospinal tract function by treadmill training after incomplete spinal cord injury
    • Thomas SL, Gorassini MA. Increases in corticospinal tract function by treadmill training after incomplete spinal cord injury. J Neurophysiol 2005;94: 2844-2855.
    • (2005) J Neurophysiol , vol.94 , pp. 2844-2855
    • Thomas, S.L.1    Gorassini, M.A.2
  • 47
    • 33645111895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short-term effects of functional electrical stimulation on spinal excitatory and inhibitory reflexes in ankle extensor and flexor muscles
    • Thompson AK, Doran B, Stein RB. Short-term effects of functional electrical stimulation on spinal excitatory and inhibitory reflexes in ankle extensor and flexor muscles. Exp Brain Res 2006;170:216-226.
    • (2006) Exp Brain Res , vol.170 , pp. 216-226
    • Thompson, A.K.1    Doran, B.2    Stein, R.B.3
  • 48
    • 58849083734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spinal reflexes in ankle flexor and extensor muscles after chronic CNS lesions and functional electrical stimulation
    • Thompson AK, Estabrooks KL, Chong S, Stein RB. Spinal reflexes in ankle flexor and extensor muscles after chronic CNS lesions and functional electrical stimulation. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2009;23:133-142.
    • (2009) Neurorehabil Neural Repair , vol.23 , pp. 133-142
    • Thompson, A.K.1    Estabrooks, K.L.2    Chong, S.3    Stein, R.B.4
  • 49
    • 79953822585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Repetitive common peroneal nerve stimulation increases ankle dorsiflexor motor evoked potentials in incomplete spinal cord lesions
    • Thompson AK, Lapallo B, Duffield M, et al. Repetitive common peroneal nerve stimulation increases ankle dorsiflexor motor evoked potentials in incomplete spinal cord lesions. Exp Brain Res 2011;210:143-152.
    • (2011) Exp Brain Res , vol.210 , pp. 143-152
    • Thompson, A.K.1    Lapallo, B.2    Duffield, M.3
  • 50
    • 11244314125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short-term effects offunctional electrical stimulation on motor-evoked potentials in ankle flexor and extensor muscles
    • Thompson AK, Stein RB. Short-term effects offunctional electrical stimulation on motor-evoked potentials in ankle flexor and extensor muscles. Exp Brain Res 2004;159:491-500.
    • (2004) Exp Brain Res , vol.159 , pp. 491-500
    • Thompson, A.K.1    Stein, R.B.2
  • 51
    • 34548407809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The amplitude of lower leg motor evoked potentials is a reliable measure when controlled for torque and motor task
    • van Hedel HJ, Murer C, Dietz V, Curt A. The amplitude of lower leg motor evoked potentials is a reliable measure when controlled for torque and motor task. J Neurol 2007;254:1089-1098.
    • (2007) J Neurol , vol.254 , pp. 1089-1098
    • Van Hedel, H.J.1    Murer, C.2    Dietz, V.3    Curt, A.4
  • 53
    • 0031930002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk and safety ofrepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation: Report and suggested guidelines from the International Workshop on the Safety of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
    • June 5-7
    • Wassermann EM. Risk and safety ofrepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation: report and suggested guidelines from the International Workshop on the Safety of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, June 5-7, 1996. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1998;108:1-16.
    • (1996) Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol , vol.1998 , Issue.108 , pp. 1-16
    • Wassermann, E.M.1
  • 54
    • 0029926726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Responses to paired transcranial magnetic stimuli in resting, active, and recently activated muscles
    • Wassermann EM, Samii A, Mercuri B, et al. Responses to paired transcranial magnetic stimuli in resting, active, and recently activated muscles. Exp Brain Res 1996;109:158-163.
    • (1996) Exp Brain Res , vol.109 , pp. 158-163
    • Wassermann, E.M.1    Samii, A.2    Mercuri, B.3
  • 55
    • 39649105848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in activity after a complete spinal cord injury as measured by the Spinal Cord Independence Measure II (SCIM II)
    • Wirth B, van Hedel HJ, Kometer B, et al. Changes in activity after a complete spinal cord injury as measured by the Spinal Cord Independence Measure II (SCIM II). Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2008;22:279-287.
    • (2008) Neurorehabil Neural Repair , vol.22 , pp. 279-287
    • Wirth, B.1    Van Hedel, H.J.2    Kometer, B.3
  • 56
    • 0031891751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulation of plasticity in human motor cortex after forearm ischemic nerve block
    • Ziemann U, Corwell B, Cohen LG. Modulation of plasticity in human motor cortex after forearm ischemic nerve block. JNeurosci 1998;18:1115-1123.
    • (1998) JNeurosci , vol.18 , pp. 1115-1123
    • Ziemann, U.1    Corwell, B.2    Cohen, L.G.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.