메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 121, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 170-180

Evaluation of the association between maternal smoking, childhood obesity, and metabolic disorders: A national toxicology program workshop review

(12)  Behl, Mamta a,b   Rao, Deepa c   Aagaard, Kjersti d   Davidson, Terry L e   Levin, Edward D f   Slotkin, Theodore A g   Srinivasan, Supriya h   Wallinga, David i   White, Morris F j   Walker, Vickie R b   Thayer, Kristina A b   Holloway, Alison C k  


Author keywords

Animal; Chemically induced epidemiology; Diabetes; Environmental epidemiology; Glucose; Insulin; Maternal smoking toxicity; Metabolism; Nicotine toxicity; Obesity

Indexed keywords

AUTOANTIBODY; CADMIUM; CIGARETTE SMOKE; COTININE; ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL; GLUCOSE; GLUTAMATE DECARBOXYLASE; GLUTAMATE DECARBOXYLASE ANTIBODY; HEMOGLOBIN A1C; INSULIN; LEPTIN; NICOTINE; NICOTINIC RECEPTOR; PROTEIN TYROSINE PHOSPHATASE; TOBACCO SMOKE; TUMOR ANTIGEN;

EID: 84873344571     PISSN: 00916765     EISSN: 15529924     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1205404     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (135)

References (144)
  • 1
    • 24044533536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of maternal smoking with overweight at age 3 y in American Indian children
    • Adams AK, Harvey HE, Prince RJ. 2005. Association of maternal smoking with overweight at age 3 y in American Indian children. Am J Clin Nutr 82(2):393-398.
    • (2005) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.82 , Issue.2 , pp. 393-398
    • Adams, A.K.1    Harvey, H.E.2    Prince, R.J.3
  • 2
    • 33748071433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does maternal smoking during pregnancy have a direct effect on future offspring obesity? Evidence from a prospective birth cohort study
    • Al Mamun A, Lawlor DA, Alati R, O'Callaghan MJ, Williams GM, Najman JM. 2006. Does maternal smoking during pregnancy have a direct effect on future offspring obesity? Evidence from a prospective birth cohort study. Am J Epidemiol 164(4):317-325.
    • (2006) Am J Epidemiol , vol.164 , Issue.4 , pp. 317-325
    • Al-Mamun, A.1    Lawlor, D.A.2    Alati, R.3    O'Callaghan, M.J.4    Williams, G.M.5    Najman, J.M.6
  • 3
    • 78649466467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CNS leptin and insulin action in the control of energy homeostasis
    • Belgardt BF, Bruning JC. 2010. CNS leptin and insulin action in the control of energy homeostasis. Ann NY Acad Sci 1212(1):97-113.
    • (2010) Ann NY Acad Sci , vol.1212 , Issue.1 , pp. 97-113
    • Belgardt, B.F.1    Bruning, J.C.2
  • 5
    • 79251630981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for obesity: Further evidence for stronger effects on overweight children and adolescents compared to normal-weight subjects
    • doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0015739 [Online 20 January 2011]
    • Beyerlein A, Toschke AM, Schaffrath Rosario A, von Kries R. 2011. Risk factors for obesity: further evidence for stronger effects on overweight children and adolescents compared to normal-weight subjects. PLoS One 6(1):e15739; doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0015739 [Online 20 January 2011].
    • (2011) PLoS One , vol.6 , Issue.1
    • Beyerlein, A.1    Toschke, A.M.2    Schaffrath Rosario, A.3    von Kries, R.4
  • 6
    • 77950858017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for childhood overweight: Shift of the mean body mass index and shift of the upper percentiles: Results from a cross-sectional study
    • Beyerlein A, Toschke AM, von Kries R. 2010. Risk factors for childhood overweight: shift of the mean body mass index and shift of the upper percentiles: results from a cross-sectional study. Int J Obes (Lond) 34(4):642-648.
    • (2010) Int J Obes (Lond) , vol.34 , Issue.4 , pp. 642-648
    • Beyerlein, A.1    Toschke, A.M.2    von Kries, R.3
  • 7
    • 77958187116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and predictors of overweight and insulin resistance in offspring of mothers with gesta-tional diabetes mellitus
    • Boerschmann H, Pfluger M, Henneberger L, Ziegler AG, Hummel S. 2010. Prevalence and predictors of overweight and insulin resistance in offspring of mothers with gesta-tional diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 33(8):1845-1849.
    • (2010) Diabetes Care , vol.33 , Issue.8 , pp. 1845-1849
    • Boerschmann, H.1    Pfluger, M.2    Henneberger, L.3    Ziegler, A.G.4    Hummel, S.5
  • 9
    • 43349101355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased pancreatic beta-cell apoptosis following fetal and neonatal exposure to nicotine is mediated via the mitochondria
    • Bruin JE, Gerstein HC, Morrison KM, Holloway AC. 2008a. Increased pancreatic beta-cell apoptosis following fetal and neonatal exposure to nicotine is mediated via the mitochondria. Toxicol Sci 103(2):362-370.
    • (2008) Toxicol Sci , vol.103 , Issue.2 , pp. 362-370
    • Bruin, J.E.1    Gerstein, H.C.2    Morrison, K.M.3    Holloway, A.C.4
  • 10
    • 34547403058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fetal and neonatal nicotine exposure and postnatal glucose homeostasis: Identifying critical windows of exposure
    • Bruin JE, Kellenberger LD, Gerstein HC, Morrison KM, Holloway AC. 2007. Fetal and neonatal nicotine exposure and postnatal glucose homeostasis: identifying critical windows of exposure. J Endocrinol 194(1):171-178.
    • (2007) J Endocrinol , vol.194 , Issue.1 , pp. 171-178
    • Bruin, J.E.1    Kellenberger, L.D.2    Gerstein, H.C.3    Morrison, K.M.4    Holloway, A.C.5
  • 12
    • 54849425174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fetal and neonatal nicotine exposure in Wistar rats causes progressive pancreatic mitochondrial damage and beta cell dysfunction
    • doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003371 [Online 8 October 2008]
    • Bruin JE, Petre MA, Raha S, Morrison KM, Gerstein HC, Holloway AC. 2008c. Fetal and neonatal nicotine exposure in Wistar rats causes progressive pancreatic mitochondrial damage and beta cell dysfunction. PLoS One 3(10):e3371; doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003371 [Online 8 October 2008].
    • (2008) PLoS One , vol.3 , Issue.10
    • Bruin, J.E.1    Petre, M.A.2    Raha, S.3    Morrison, K.M.4    Gerstein, H.C.5    Holloway, A.C.6
  • 13
    • 56349167188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Available, accessed 12 December 2011
    • CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). 2011. Diabetes Data and Trends. Available: http://apps.nccd.cdc.gov/DDTSTRS/default.aspx [accessed 12 December 2011].
    • (2011) Diabetes Data and Trends
  • 14
    • 32144457696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maternal smoking during pregnancy in relation to child overweight: Follow-up to age 8 years
    • Chen A, Pennell ML, Klebanoff MA, Rogan WJ, Longnecker MP. 2006. Maternal smoking during pregnancy in relation to child overweight: follow-up to age 8 years. Int J Epidemiol 35(1):121-130.
    • (2006) Int J Epidemiol , vol.35 , Issue.1 , pp. 121-130
    • Chen, A.1    Pennell, M.L.2    Klebanoff, M.A.3    Rogan, W.J.4    Longnecker, M.P.5
  • 15
    • 80455150295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maternal cigarette smoke exposure contributes to glucose intolerance and decreased brain insulin action in mice offspring independent of maternal diet
    • doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0027260 [Online 4 November 2011]
    • Chen H, Iglesias MA, Caruso V, Morris MJ. 2011. Maternal cigarette smoke exposure contributes to glucose intolerance and decreased brain insulin action in mice offspring independent of maternal diet. PloS one 6(11):e27260; doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0027260 [Online 4 November 2011].
    • (2011) PloS One , vol.6 , Issue.11
    • Chen, H.1    Iglesias, M.A.2    Caruso, V.3    Morris, M.J.4
  • 17
    • 0034751793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationships between placental GH concentration and maternal smoking, newborn gender, and maternal leptin: Possible implications for birth weight
    • Coutant R, Boux de Casson F, Douay O, Mathieu E, Rouleau S, Beringue F, et al. 2001. Relationships between placental GH concentration and maternal smoking, newborn gender, and maternal leptin: possible implications for birth weight. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86(10):4854-4859.
    • (2001) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.86 , Issue.10 , pp. 4854-4859
    • Coutant, R.1    Boux de Casson, F.2    Douay, O.3    Mathieu, E.4    Rouleau, S.5    Beringue, F.6
  • 18
    • 84857699512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In utero exposure to maternal tobacco smoke and subsequent obesity, hypertension, and gestational diabetes among women in the MoBa cohort
    • Cupul-Uicab LA, Skjaerven R, Haug K, Melve KK, Engel SM, Longnecker MP. 2011. In utero exposure to maternal tobacco smoke and subsequent obesity, hypertension, and gestational diabetes among women in the MoBa cohort. Environ Health Perspect 120(3):355-360.
    • (2011) Environ Health Perspect , vol.120 , Issue.3 , pp. 355-360
    • Cupul-Uicab, L.A.1    Skjaerven, R.2    Haug, K.3    Melve, K.K.4    Engel, S.M.5    Longnecker, M.P.6
  • 19
    • 0026734966 scopus 로고
    • Maternal-child blood group incompatibility and other perinatal events increase the risk for early-onset type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus
    • Dahlquist G, Kallen B. 1992. Maternal-child blood group incompatibility and other perinatal events increase the risk for early-onset type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia 35(7):671-675.
    • (1992) Diabetologia , vol.35 , Issue.7 , pp. 671-675
    • Dahlquist, G.1    Kallen, B.2
  • 20
    • 84856020373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence of type 1 diabetes in Sweden among individuals aged 0-34 years, 1983-2007: An analysis of time trends
    • Dahlquist GG, Nystrom L, Patterson CC. 2011. Incidence of type 1 diabetes in Sweden among individuals aged 0-34 years, 1983-2007: an analysis of time trends. Diabetes Care 34(8):1754-1759.
    • (2011) Diabetes Care , vol.34 , Issue.8 , pp. 1754-1759
    • Dahlquist, G.G.1    Nystrom, L.2    Patterson, C.C.3
  • 21
    • 33746548378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence and trends of childhood Type 1 diabetes worldwide 1990-1999
    • DIAMOND Project Group
    • DIAMOND Project Group. 2006. Incidence and trends of childhood Type 1 diabetes worldwide 1990-1999. Diabet Med 23(8):857-866.
    • (2006) Diabet Med , vol.23 , Issue.8 , pp. 857-866
  • 22
    • 33645465483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early determinants of overweight at 4.5 years in a population-based longitudinal study
    • Dubois L, Girard M. 2006. Early determinants of overweight at 4.5 years in a population-based longitudinal study. Int J Obes (Lond) 30(4):610-617.
    • (2006) Int J Obes (Lond) , vol.30 , Issue.4 , pp. 610-617
    • Dubois, L.1    Girard, M.2
  • 23
    • 79959755187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maternal smoking during pregnancy and subcutaneous fat mass in early childhood. The Generation R Study
    • Durmus B, Ay L, Hokken-Koelega AC, Raat H, Hofman A, Steegers EA, et al. 2011a. Maternal smoking during pregnancy and subcutaneous fat mass in early childhood. The Generation R Study. Eur J Epidemiol 26(4):295-304.
    • (2011) Eur J Epidemiol , vol.26 , Issue.4 , pp. 295-304
    • Durmus, B.1    Ay, L.2    Hokken-Koelega, A.C.3    Raat, H.4    Hofman, A.5    Steegers, E.A.6
  • 24
    • 79959483002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parental smoking during pregnancy, early growth, and risk of obesity in preschool children: The Generation R Study
    • Durmus B, Kruithof CJ, Gillman MH, Willemsen SP, Hofman A, Raat H, et al. 2011b. Parental smoking during pregnancy, early growth, and risk of obesity in preschool children: the Generation R Study. Am J Clin Nutr 94(1):164-171.
    • (2011) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.94 , Issue.1 , pp. 164-171
    • Durmus, B.1    Kruithof, C.J.2    Gillman, M.H.3    Willemsen, S.P.4    Hofman, A.5    Raat, H.6
  • 25
    • 67649659812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cadmium, diabetes and chronic kidney disease
    • Edwards JR, Prozialeck WC. 2009. Cadmium, diabetes and chronic kidney disease. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 238(3):289-293.
    • (2009) Toxicol Appl Pharmacol , vol.238 , Issue.3 , pp. 289-293
    • Edwards, J.R.1    Prozialeck, W.C.2
  • 26
    • 4344692338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preventing cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes: A common agenda for the American Cancer Society, the American Diabetes Association, and the American Heart Association
    • Eyre H, Kahn R, Robertson RM. 2004. Preventing cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes: a common agenda for the American Cancer Society, the American Diabetes Association, and the American Heart Association. CA Cancer J Clin 54(4):190-207.
    • (2004) CA Cancer J Clin , vol.54 , Issue.4 , pp. 190-207
    • Eyre, H.1    Kahn, R.2    Robertson, R.M.3
  • 27
    • 57749084700 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maternal smoking cessation in early pregnancy and offspring weight status at four years of age. A prospective birth cohort study
    • Fasting MH, Oien T, Storro O, Nilsen TI, Johnsen R, Vik T. 2009. Maternal smoking cessation in early pregnancy and offspring weight status at four years of age. A prospective birth cohort study. Early Hum Devel 85(1):19-24.
    • (2009) Early Hum Devel , vol.85 , Issue.1 , pp. 19-24
    • Fasting, M.H.1    Oien, T.2    Storro, O.3    Nilsen, T.I.4    Johnsen, R.5    Vik, T.6
  • 28
    • 70349232934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The validity of BMI as an indicator of body fatness and risk among children
    • Freedman DS, Sherry B. 2009. The validity of BMI as an indicator of body fatness and risk among children. Pediatrics 124(suppl 1):S23-S34.
    • (2009) Pediatrics , vol.124 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Freedman, D.S.1    Sherry, B.2
  • 29
    • 48049094774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of fetal and neonatal exposure to nicotine on blood pressure and perivascular adipose tissue function in adult life
    • Gao YJ, Holloway AC, Su LY, Takemori K, Lu C, Lee RM. 2008. Effects of fetal and neonatal exposure to nicotine on blood pressure and perivascular adipose tissue function in adult life. Eur J Pharmacol 590(1-3):264-268.
    • (2008) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.590 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 264-268
    • Gao, Y.J.1    Holloway, A.C.2    Su, L.Y.3    Takemori, K.4    Lu, C.5    Lee, R.M.6
  • 30
    • 26444508566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prenatal exposure to nicotine causes postnatal obesity and altered perivascular adipose tissue function
    • Gao YJ, Holloway AC, Zeng ZH, Lim GE, Petrik JJ, Foster WG, et al. 2005. Prenatal exposure to nicotine causes postnatal obesity and altered perivascular adipose tissue function. Obes Res 13(4):687-692.
    • (2005) Obes Res , vol.13 , Issue.4 , pp. 687-692
    • Gao, Y.J.1    Holloway, A.C.2    Zeng, Z.H.3    Lim, G.E.4    Petrik, J.J.5    Foster, W.G.6
  • 31
    • 80054886955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prenatal environmental risk factors for genital malformations in a population of 1442 French male newborns: A nested case-control study
    • Gaspari L, Paris F, Jandel C, Kalfa N, Orsini M, Daures JP, et al. 2011. Prenatal environmental risk factors for genital malformations in a population of 1442 French male newborns: a nested case-control study. Hum Reprod 26(11):3155-3162.
    • (2011) Hum Reprod , vol.26 , Issue.11 , pp. 3155-3162
    • Gaspari, L.1    Paris, F.2    Jandel, C.3    Kalfa, N.4    Orsini, M.5    Daures, J.P.6
  • 33
    • 50649107657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maternal smoking during pregnancy and children's cognitive and physical development: A causal risk factor?
    • Gilman SE, Gardener H, Buka SL. 2008. Maternal smoking during pregnancy and children's cognitive and physical development: a causal risk factor? Am J Epidemiol 168(5):522-531.
    • (2008) Am J Epidemiol , vol.168 , Issue.5 , pp. 522-531
    • Gilman, S.E.1    Gardener, H.2    Buka, S.L.3
  • 35
    • 81855206143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maternal smoking during pregnancy and childhood obesity: Results from the CESAR study
    • Gorog K, Pattenden S, Antova T, Niciu E, Rudnai P, Scholtens S, et al. 2009. Maternal smoking during pregnancy and childhood obesity: results from the CESAR study. Matern Child Health J 15(7):985-992.
    • (2009) Matern Child Health J , vol.15 , Issue.7 , pp. 985-992
    • Gorog, K.1    Pattenden, S.2    Antova, T.3    Niciu, E.4    Rudnai, P.5    Scholtens, S.6
  • 36
    • 77950859725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for rapid weight gain in preschool children: Findings from a UK-wide prospective study
    • Griffths LJ, Hawkins SS, Cole TJ, Dezateux C. 2010. Risk factors for rapid weight gain in preschool children: endings from a UK-wide prospective study. Int J Obes (Lond) 34(4):624-632.
    • (2010) Int J Obes (Lond) , vol.34 , Issue.4 , pp. 624-632
    • Griffths, L.J.1    Hawkins, S.S.2    Cole, T.J.3    Dezateux, C.4
  • 37
    • 0035176557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic maternal nicotine exposure alters neuronal systems in the arcuate nucleus that regulate feeding behavior in the newborn rhesus macaque
    • Grove KL, Sekhon HS, Brogan RS, Keller JA, Smith MS, Spindel ER. 2001. Chronic maternal nicotine exposure alters neuronal systems in the arcuate nucleus that regulate feeding behavior in the newborn rhesus macaque. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86(11):5420-5426.
    • (2001) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.86 , Issue.11 , pp. 5420-5426
    • Grove, K.L.1    Sekhon, H.S.2    Brogan, R.S.3    Keller, J.A.4    Smith, M.S.5    Spindel, E.R.6
  • 38
    • 0033604568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of the nicotine patch by pregnant women [Letter]
    • Hackman R, Kapur B, Koren G. 1999. Use of the nicotine patch by pregnant women [Letter]. New Engl J Med 341(22):1700.
    • (1999) New Engl J Med , vol.341 , Issue.22 , pp. 1700
    • Hackman, R.1    Kapur, B.2    Koren, G.3
  • 40
    • 0035048806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smoking related to plasma leptin concentration in pregnant women and their newborn infants
    • Helland IB, Reseland JE, Saugstad OD, Drevon CA. 2001. Smoking related to plasma leptin concentration in pregnant women and their newborn infants. Acta Paediatr 90(3):282-287.
    • (2001) Acta Paediatr , vol.90 , Issue.3 , pp. 282-287
    • Helland, I.B.1    Reseland, J.E.2    Saugstad, O.D.3    Drevon, C.A.4
  • 41
    • 22144487679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Offspring from families at high risk for alcohol dependence: Increased body mass index in association with prenatal exposure to cigarettes but not alcohol
    • Hill SY, Shen S, Locke Wellman J, Rickin E, Lowers L. 2005. Offspring from families at high risk for alcohol dependence: increased body mass index in association with prenatal exposure to cigarettes but not alcohol. Psychiatry Res 135(3):203-216.
    • (2005) Psychiatry Res , vol.135 , Issue.3 , pp. 203-216
    • Hill, S.Y.1    Shen, S.2    Locke Wellman, J.3    Rickin, E.4    Lowers, L.5
  • 43
    • 28444469821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fetal and neonatal exposure to nicotine in Wistar rats results in increased beta cell apoptosis at birth and postnatal endocrine and metabolic changes associated with type 2 diabetes
    • Holloway AC, Lim GE, Petrik JJ, Foster WG, Morrison KM, Gerstein HC. 2005. Fetal and neonatal exposure to nicotine in Wistar rats results in increased beta cell apoptosis at birth and postnatal endocrine and metabolic changes associated with type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 48(12):2661-2666.
    • (2005) Diabetologia , vol.48 , Issue.12 , pp. 2661-2666
    • Holloway, A.C.1    Lim, G.E.2    Petrik, J.J.3    Foster, W.G.4    Morrison, K.M.5    Gerstein, H.C.6
  • 45
    • 34548648528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nicotine regulates mRNA expression of feeding peptides in the arcuate nucleus in neonatal rat pups
    • Huang LZ, Winzer-Serhan UH. 2007. Nicotine regulates mRNA expression of feeding peptides in the arcuate nucleus in neonatal rat pups. Dev Neurobiol 67(3):363-377.
    • (2007) Dev Neurobiol , vol.67 , Issue.3 , pp. 363-377
    • Huang, L.Z.1    Winzer-Serhan, U.H.2
  • 47
    • 0035036607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infuence of perinatal factors on the appearance of islet autoantibodies in offspring of parents with type 1 diabetes
    • Hummel M, Schenker M, Ziegler AG. 2001. Infuence of perinatal factors on the appearance of islet autoantibodies in offspring of parents with type 1 diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes 2(1):40-42.
    • (2001) Pediatr Diabetes , vol.2 , Issue.1 , pp. 40-42
    • Hummel, M.1    Schenker, M.2    Ziegler, A.G.3
  • 48
    • 78149256884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Familial factors confound the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and young adult offspring overweight
    • Iliadou AN, Koupil I, Villamor E, Altman D, Hultman C, Langstrom N, et al. 2010. Familial factors confound the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and young adult offspring overweight. Int J Epidemiol 39(5):1193-1202.
    • (2010) Int J Epidemiol , vol.39 , Issue.5 , pp. 1193-1202
    • Iliadou, A.N.1    Koupil, I.2    Villamor, E.3    Altman, D.4    Hultman, C.5    Langstrom, N.6
  • 49
    • 76249122345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring obesity: Meta-analysis
    • Ino T. 2010. Maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring obesity: meta-analysis. Pediatr Int 52(1):94-99.
    • (2010) Pediatr Int , vol.52 , Issue.1 , pp. 94-99
    • Ino, T.1
  • 50
    • 84255173188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of maternal smoking during pregnancy on body composition in offspring
    • Ino T, Shibuya T, Saito K, Ohtani T. 2011. Effects of maternal smoking during pregnancy on body composition in offspring. Pediatr Int 53(6):851-857.
    • (2011) Pediatr Int , vol.53 , Issue.6 , pp. 851-857
    • Ino, T.1    Shibuya, T.2    Saito, K.3    Ohtani, T.4
  • 51
    • 57749197778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tobacco exposure and diabetes-related autoantibodies in children: Results from the ABIS study
    • Johansson A, Hermansson G, Ludvigsson J. 2008. Tobacco exposure and diabetes-related autoantibodies in children: results from the ABIS study. Ann NY Acad Sci 1150:197-199.
    • (2008) Ann NY Acad Sci , vol.1150 , pp. 197-199
    • Johansson, A.1    Hermansson, G.2    Ludvigsson, J.3
  • 53
    • 34249101323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Course of growth during the first 6 years in children exposed in utero to tobacco smoke
    • Kanellopoulos TA, Varvarigou AA, Karatza AA, Beratis NG. 2007. Course of growth during the first 6 years in children exposed in utero to tobacco smoke. Eur J Pediatr 166(7):685-692.
    • (2007) Eur J Pediatr , vol.166 , Issue.7 , pp. 685-692
    • Kanellopoulos, T.A.1    Varvarigou, A.A.2    Karatza, A.A.3    Beratis, N.G.4
  • 54
    • 43549118648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How pre- and postnatal risk factors modify the effect of rapid weight gain in infancy and early childhood on subsequent fat mass development: Results from the Multicenter Allergy Study 90
    • Karaolis-Danckert N, Buyken AE, Kulig M, Kroke A, Forster J, Kamin W, et al. 2008. How pre- and postnatal risk factors modify the effect of rapid weight gain in infancy and early childhood on subsequent fat mass development: results from the Multicenter Allergy Study 90. Am J Clin Nutr 87(5):1356-1364.
    • (2008) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.87 , Issue.5 , pp. 1356-1364
    • Karaolis-Danckert, N.1    Buyken, A.E.2    Kulig, M.3    Kroke, A.4    Forster, J.5    Kamin, W.6
  • 55
    • 53249149659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender, smoking during pregnancy and gestational age influence cord lep-tin concentrations in newborn infants
    • Kayemba-Kay's S, Geary MP, Pringle J, Rodeck CH, Kingdom JC, Hindmarsh PC. 2008. Gender, smoking during pregnancy and gestational age influence cord lep-tin concentrations in newborn infants. Eur J Endocrinol 159(3):217-224.
    • (2008) Eur J Endocrinol , vol.159 , Issue.3 , pp. 217-224
    • Kayemba-Kay's, S.1    Geary, M.P.2    Pringle, J.3    Rodeck, C.H.4    Kingdom, J.C.5    Hindmarsh, P.C.6
  • 56
    • 33748657662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in overweight from 1980 through 2001 among preschool-aged children enrolled in a health maintenance organization
    • Kim J, Peterson KE, Scanlon KS, Fitzmaurice GM, Must A, Oken E, et al. 2006. Trends in overweight from 1980 through 2001 among preschool-aged children enrolled in a health maintenance organization. Obesity (Silver Spring) 14(7):1107-1112.
    • (2006) Obesity (Silver Spring) , vol.14 , Issue.7 , pp. 1107-1112
    • Kim, J.1    Peterson, K.E.2    Scanlon, K.S.3    Fitzmaurice, G.M.4    Must, A.5    Oken, E.6
  • 57
    • 79957472955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dose response association of pregnancy cigarette smoke exposure, childhood stature, overweight and obesity
    • Koshy G, Delpisheh A, Brabin BJ. 2011. Dose response association of pregnancy cigarette smoke exposure, childhood stature, overweight and obesity. Eur J Public Health 21(3):286-291.
    • (2011) Eur J Public Health , vol.21 , Issue.3 , pp. 286-291
    • Koshy, G.1    Delpisheh, A.2    Brabin, B.J.3
  • 58
    • 38149101548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social and early-life determinants of overweight and obesity in 18-year-old Swedish men
    • Koupil I, Toivanen P. 2008. Social and early-life determinants of overweight and obesity in 18-year-old Swedish men. Int J Obes (Lond) 32(1):73-81.
    • (2008) Int J Obes (Lond) , vol.32 , Issue.1 , pp. 73-81
    • Koupil, I.1    Toivanen, P.2
  • 59
    • 75749148746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perinatal and childhood risk factors for overweight in a provincial sample of Canadian Grade 5 students
    • Kuhle S, Allen AC, Veugelers PJ. 2010. Perinatal and childhood risk factors for overweight in a provincial sample of Canadian Grade 5 students. Int J Pediatr Obes 5(1):88-96.
    • (2010) Int J Pediatr Obes , vol.5 , Issue.1 , pp. 88-96
    • Kuhle, S.1    Allen, A.C.2    Veugelers, P.J.3
  • 60
    • 77954360463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paternal smoking and childhood overweight: Evidence from the Hong Kong Children of 1997
    • Kwok MK, Schooling CM,Lam TH,Leung GM. 2010. Paternal smoking and childhood overweight: evidence from the Hong Kong "Children of 1997." Pediatrics 126(1):e46-56.
    • (2010) Pediatrics , vol.126 , Issue.1
    • Kwok, M.K.1    Schooling, C.M.2    Lam, T.H.3    Leung, G.M.4
  • 62
    • 66849138498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integration of hormonal and nutrient signals that regulate leptin synthesis and secretion
    • Lee MJ, Fried SK. 2009. Integration of hormonal and nutrient signals that regulate leptin synthesis and secretion. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 296(6):E1230-E1238.
    • (2009) Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab , vol.296 , Issue.6
    • Lee, M.J.1    Fried, S.K.2
  • 63
    • 0029984682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low antioxidant enzyme gene expression in pancreatic islets compared with various other mouse tissues
    • Lenzen S, Drinkgern J, Tiedge M. 1996. Low antioxidant enzyme gene expression in pancreatic islets compared with various other mouse tissues. Free Radic Biol Med 20(3):463-466.
    • (1996) Free Radic Biol Med , vol.20 , Issue.3 , pp. 463-466
    • Lenzen, S.1    Drinkgern, J.2    Tiedge, M.3
  • 64
    • 84921430564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interventions for promoting smoking cessation during pregnancy
    • CD001055; DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD001055. pub3 [Online 27 July 1998; last assessed as up to date, 4 December 2008]
    • Lumley J, Chamberlain C, Dowswell T, Oliver S, Oakley L, Watson L. 2008. Interventions for promoting smoking cessation during pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 18:(4):CD001055; DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD001055. pub3 [Online 27 July 1998; last assessed as up to date, 4 December 2008].
    • (2008) Cochrane Database Syst Rev , vol.18 , Issue.4
    • Lumley, J.1    Chamberlain, C.2    Dowswell, T.3    Oliver, S.4    Oakley, L.5    Watson, L.6
  • 65
    • 0030923377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of birth weight and maternal smoking on cord blood leptin concentrations of full-term and pre-term newborns
    • Mantzoros CS, Varvarigou A, Kaklamani VG, Beratis NG, Flier JS. 1997. Effect of birth weight and maternal smoking on cord blood leptin concentrations of full-term and pre-term newborns. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 82(9):2856-2861.
    • (1997) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.82 , Issue.9 , pp. 2856-2861
    • Mantzoros, C.S.1    Varvarigou, A.2    Kaklamani, V.G.3    Beratis, N.G.4    Flier, J.S.5
  • 66
    • 4544302034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Type 1 diabetes mellitus in childhood: A matched case control study in Lancashire and Cumbria, UK
    • Marshall AL, Chetwynd A, Morris JA, Placzek M, Smith C, Olabi A, et al. 2004. Type 1 diabetes mellitus in childhood: a matched case control study in Lancashire and Cumbria, UK. Diabet Med 21(9):1035-1040.
    • (2004) Diabet Med , vol.21 , Issue.9 , pp. 1035-1040
    • Marshall, A.L.1    Chetwynd, A.2    Morris, J.A.3    Placzek, M.4    Smith, C.5    Olabi, A.6
  • 67
    • 79956335451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring growth in childhood: 1993 and 2004 Pelotas cohort studies
    • Matijasevich A, Brion MJ, Menezes AM, Barros AJ, Santos IS, Barros FC. 2011. Maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring growth in childhood: 1993 and 2004 Pelotas cohort studies. Arch Dis Child 96(6):519-525.
    • (2011) Arch Dis Child , vol.96 , Issue.6 , pp. 519-525
    • Matijasevich, A.1    Brion, M.J.2    Menezes, A.M.3    Barros, A.J.4    Santos, I.S.5    Barros, F.C.6
  • 68
    • 45749084052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maternal smoking very early in pregnancy is related to child overweight at age 5-7 y
    • Mendez MA, Torrent M, Ferrer C, Ribas-Fito N, Sunyer J. 2008. Maternal smoking very early in pregnancy is related to child overweight at age 5-7 y. Am J Clin Nutr 87(6):1906-1913.
    • (2008) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.87 , Issue.6 , pp. 1906-1913
    • Mendez, M.A.1    Torrent, M.2    Ferrer, C.3    Ribas-Fito, N.4    Sunyer, J.5
  • 69
    • 39149140708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of maternal lifestyles including smoking during pregnancy with childhood obesity
    • Mizutani T, Suzuki K, Kondo N, Yamagata Z. 2007. Association of maternal lifestyles including smoking during pregnancy with childhood obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 15(12):3133-3139.
    • (2007) Obesity (Silver Spring) , vol.15 , Issue.12 , pp. 3133-3139
    • Mizutani, T.1    Suzuki, K.2    Kondo, N.3    Yamagata, Z.4
  • 70
    • 0037021827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smoking during pregnancy and diabetes mellitus in a British longitudinal birth cohort
    • Montgomery SM, Ekbom A. 2002. Smoking during pregnancy and diabetes mellitus in a British longitudinal birth cohort. BMJ 324(7328):26-27.
    • (2002) BMJ , vol.324 , Issue.7328 , pp. 26-27
    • Montgomery, S.M.1    Ekbom, A.2
  • 71
    • 72249092928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent advances in understanding leptin signaling and leptin resistance
    • Morris DL, Rui L. 2009. Recent advances in understanding leptin signaling and leptin resistance. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 297(6):E1247-1259.
    • (2009) Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab , vol.297 , Issue.6
    • Morris, D.L.1    Rui, L.2
  • 73
    • 0033397684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Locomotor behavioral effects of prenatal and postnatal nicotine exposure in rat offspring
    • Newman MB, Shytle RD, Sanberg PR. 1999. Locomotor behavioral effects of prenatal and postnatal nicotine exposure in rat offspring. Behav Pharmacol 10(6-7):699-706.
    • (1999) Behav Pharmacol , vol.10 , Issue.6-7 , pp. 699-706
    • Newman, M.B.1    Shytle, R.D.2    Sanberg, P.R.3
  • 74
    • 67650888915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prenatal exposure to cigarette smoke induces diet- and sex-dependent dyslipidemia and weight gain in adult murine offspring
    • Ng SP, Conklin DJ, Bhatnagar A, Bolanowski DD, Lyon J, Zelikoff JT, et al. 2009. Prenatal exposure to cigarette smoke induces diet- and sex-dependent dyslipidemia and weight gain in adult murine offspring. Environ Health Perspect 117:1042-1048.
    • (2009) Environ Health Perspect , vol.117 , pp. 1042-1048
    • Ng, S.P.1    Conklin, D.J.2    Bhatnagar, A.3    Bolanowski, D.D.4    Lyon, J.5    Zelikoff, J.T.6
  • 75
    • 84862005440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NIDDK (National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases), Available, accessed 12 December 2011
    • NIDDK (National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases). 2011. Diabetes Research Strategic Plan. Available: http://www2.niddk.nih.gov/AboutNIDDK/ReportsAndStrategicPlanning/DiabetesPlan/PlanPosting.htm [accessed 12 December 2011].
    • (2011) Diabetes Research Strategic Plan
  • 76
    • 18144368853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NIH (National Institutes of Health) Obesity Research Task Force, Available, accessed 12 December 2011
    • NIH (National Institutes of Health) Obesity Research Task Force. 2011. Strategic Plan for NIH Obesity Research. Available: http://www.obesityresearch.nih.gov/about/strategic-plan.aspx [accessed 12 December 2011].
    • (2011) Strategic Plan For NIH Obesity Research
  • 78
    • 33644829665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Associations of maternal prenatal smoking with child adiposity and blood pressure
    • Oken E, Huh SY, Taveras EM, Rich-Edwards JW, Gillman MW. 2005. Associations of maternal prenatal smoking with child adiposity and blood pressure. Obes Res 13(11):2021-2028.
    • (2005) Obes Res , vol.13 , Issue.11 , pp. 2021-2028
    • Oken, E.1    Huh, S.Y.2    Taveras, E.M.3    Rich-Edwards, J.W.4    Gillman, M.W.5
  • 79
    • 39449121417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maternal smoking during pregnancy and child overweight: Systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Oken E, Levitan EB, Gillman MW. 2008. Maternal smoking during pregnancy and child overweight: systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Obes (Lond) 32(2):201-210.
    • (2008) Int J Obes (Lond) , vol.32 , Issue.2 , pp. 201-210
    • Oken, E.1    Levitan, E.B.2    Gillman, M.W.3
  • 80
    • 70349348949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short- and long-term effects of maternal nicotine exposure during lactation on body adiposity, lipid profle, and thyroid function of rat offspring
    • Oliveira E, Moura EG, Santos-Silva AP, Fagundes AT, Rios AS, Abreu-Villaca Y, et al. 2009. Short- and long-term effects of maternal nicotine exposure during lactation on body adiposity, lipid profle, and thyroid function of rat offspring. J Endocrinol 202(3):397-405.
    • (2009) J Endocrinol , vol.202 , Issue.3 , pp. 397-405
    • Oliveira, E.1    Moura, E.G.2    Santos-Silva, A.P.3    Fagundes, A.T.4    Rios, A.S.5    Abreu-Villaca, Y.6
  • 81
    • 77953816890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neonatal nicotine exposure causes insulin and leptin resistance and inhibits hypotha-lamic leptin signaling in adult rat offspring
    • Oliveira E, Moura EG, Santos-Silva AP, Pinheiro CR, Lima N, Nogueira-Neto J, et al. 2010. Neonatal nicotine exposure causes insulin and leptin resistance and inhibits hypotha-lamic leptin signaling in adult rat offspring. J Endocrinol 206(1):55-63.
    • (2010) J Endocrinol , vol.206 , Issue.1 , pp. 55-63
    • Oliveira, E.1    Moura, E.G.2    Santos-Silva, A.P.3    Pinheiro, C.R.4    Lima, N.5    Nogueira-Neto, J.6
  • 82
    • 28844433271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of smoking on neonatal and maternal serum and breast milk leptin levels
    • Ozkan B, Ermis B, Tastekin A, Doneray H, Yildirim A, Ors R. 2005. Effect of smoking on neonatal and maternal serum and breast milk leptin levels. Endocr Res 31(3):177-183.
    • (2005) Endocr Res , vol.31 , Issue.3 , pp. 177-183
    • Ozkan, B.1    Ermis, B.2    Tastekin, A.3    Doneray, H.4    Yildirim, A.5    Ors, R.6
  • 83
    • 14944372872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inverse relationship between cord blood adiponectin concentrations and the number of cigarettes smoked during pregnancy
    • Pardo IM, Geloneze B, Tambascia MA, Barros AA. 2005. Inverse relationship between cord blood adiponectin concentrations and the number of cigarettes smoked during pregnancy. Diabetes Obes Metab 7(2):144-147.
    • (2005) Diabetes Obes Metab , vol.7 , Issue.2 , pp. 144-147
    • Pardo, I.M.1    Geloneze, B.2    Tambascia, M.A.3    Barros, A.A.4
  • 84
    • 4043060744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does maternal smoking influence leptin levels in term, appropriate-for-gestational-age newborns?
    • Pardo IM, Geloneze B, Tambascia MA, Barros-Filho AA. 2004. Does maternal smoking influence leptin levels in term, appropriate-for-gestational-age newborns? J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 15(6):408-410.
    • (2004) J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med , vol.15 , Issue.6 , pp. 408-410
    • Pardo, I.M.1    Geloneze, B.2    Tambascia, M.A.3    Barros-Filho, A.A.4
  • 85
    • 67049159857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence trends for childhood type 1 diabetes in Europe during 1989-2003 and predicted new cases 2005-20: A multicentre prospective registration study
    • EURODIAB Study Group
    • Patterson CC, Dahlquist GG, Gyurus E, Green A, Soltész G; EURODIAB Study Group. 2009. Incidence trends for childhood type 1 diabetes in Europe during 1989-2003 and predicted new cases 2005-20: a multicentre prospective registration study. Lancet 373(9680):2027-2033.
    • (2009) Lancet , vol.373 , Issue.9680 , pp. 2027-2033
    • Patterson, C.C.1    Dahlquist, G.G.2    Gyurus, E.3    Green, A.4    Soltész, G.5
  • 86
    • 0029066265 scopus 로고
    • Effects of the obese gene product on body weight regulation in ob/ob mice
    • Pelleymounter MA, Cullen MJ, Baker MB, Hecht R, Winters D, Boone T, et al. 1995. Effects of the obese gene product on body weight regulation in ob/ob mice. Science 269(5223):540-543.
    • (1995) Science , vol.269 , Issue.5223 , pp. 540-543
    • Pelleymounter, M.A.1    Cullen, M.J.2    Baker, M.B.3    Hecht, R.4    Winters, D.5    Boone, T.6
  • 87
    • 77955267138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maternal smoking in pregnancy, adult adiposity and other risk factors for cardiovascular disease
    • Power C, Atherton K, Thomas C. 2010. Maternal smoking in pregnancy, adult adiposity and other risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Atherosclerosis 211(2):643-648.
    • (2010) Atherosclerosis , vol.211 , Issue.2 , pp. 643-648
    • Power, C.1    Atherton, K.2    Thomas, C.3
  • 88
    • 0036106163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fetal environment and subsequent obesity: A study of maternal smoking
    • Power C, Jefferis BJ. 2002. Fetal environment and subsequent obesity: a study of maternal smoking. Int J Epidemiol 31(2):413-419.
    • (2002) Int J Epidemiol , vol.31 , Issue.2 , pp. 413-419
    • Power, C.1    Jefferis, B.J.2
  • 89
    • 39149107420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of early cigarette smoke exposure on early immune development and respiratory disease
    • Prescott SL. 2008. Effects of early cigarette smoke exposure on early immune development and respiratory disease. Paediatr Respir Rev 9(1):3-9.
    • (2008) Paediatr Respir Rev , vol.9 , Issue.1 , pp. 3-9
    • Prescott, S.L.1
  • 90
    • 35748953798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological and chemical effects of cigarette additives
    • Rabinoff M, Caskey N, Rissling A, Park C. 2007. Pharmacological and chemical effects of cigarette additives. Am J Public Health 97(11):1981-1991.
    • (2007) Am J Public Health , vol.97 , Issue.11 , pp. 1981-1991
    • Rabinoff, M.1    Caskey, N.2    Rissling, A.3    Park, C.4
  • 91
    • 81855182053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tobacco smoke exposure before, during, and after pregnancy and risk of overweight at age 6. Obesity (Silver Spring
    • Raum E, Kupper-Nybelen J, Lamerz A, Hebebrand J, Herpertz-Dahlmann B, Brenner H. 2011. Tobacco smoke exposure before, during, and after pregnancy and risk of overweight at age 6. Obesity (Silver Spring, Md) 19(12):2411-2417.
    • (2011) Md) , vol.19 , Issue.12 , pp. 2411-2417
    • Raum, E.1    Kupper-Nybelen, J.2    Lamerz, A.3    Hebebrand, J.4    Herpertz-Dahlmann, B.5    Brenner, H.6
  • 92
    • 79955405656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prenatal and adult exposures to smoking are associated with adverse effects on reproductive hormones, semen quality, fnal height and body mass index
    • Ravnborg TL, Jensen TK, Andersson AM, Toppari J, Skakkebaek NE, Jorgensen N. 2011. Prenatal and adult exposures to smoking are associated with adverse effects on reproductive hormones, semen quality, fnal height and body mass index. Hum Reprod 26(5):1000-1011.
    • (2011) Hum Reprod , vol.26 , Issue.5 , pp. 1000-1011
    • Ravnborg, T.L.1    Jensen, T.K.2    Andersson, A.M.3    Toppari, J.4    Skakkebaek, N.E.5    Jorgensen, N.6
  • 93
  • 94
    • 79960255886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term impact of overweight and obesity in childhood and adolescence on morbidity and premature mortality in adulthood: Systematic review
    • Reilly JJ, Kelly J. 2011. Long-term impact of overweight and obesity in childhood and adolescence on morbidity and premature mortality in adulthood: systematic review. Int J Obes (2005) 35(7):891-898.
    • (2011) Int J Obes (2005) , vol.35 , Issue.7 , pp. 891-898
    • Reilly, J.J.1    Kelly, J.2
  • 95
    • 77952676256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maternal and neonatal risk factors for childhood type 1 diabetes: A matched case-control study
    • doi:10.1186/1471-2458-10-281 [Online 27 May 2010]
    • Robertson L, Harrild K. 2010. Maternal and neonatal risk factors for childhood type 1 diabetes: a matched case-control study. BMC Public Health 10:281; doi:10.1186/1471-2458-10-281 [Online 27 May 2010].
    • (2010) BMC Public Health , vol.10 , Issue.281
    • Robertson, L.1    Harrild, K.2
  • 96
    • 81255129662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictors of obesity in childhood, adolescence, and adulthood in a birth cohort
    • Rooney BL, Mathiason MA, Schauberger CW. 2010. Predictors of obesity in childhood, adolescence, and adulthood in a birth cohort. Matern Child Health J 15(8):1166-1175.
    • (2010) Matern Child Health J , vol.15 , Issue.8 , pp. 1166-1175
    • Rooney, B.L.1    Mathiason, M.A.2    Schauberger, C.W.3
  • 97
    • 35848965247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early nutrition and risk of type 1 diabetes mellitus-a nationwide case-control study in preschool children
    • Rosenbauer J, Herzig P, Kaiser P, Giani G. 2007. Early nutrition and risk of type 1 diabetes mellitus-a nationwide case-control study in preschool children. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 115(8):502-508.
    • (2007) Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes , vol.115 , Issue.8 , pp. 502-508
    • Rosenbauer, J.1    Herzig, P.2    Kaiser, P.3    Giani, G.4
  • 98
    • 33644690170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of early childhood overweight
    • Salsberry PJ, Reagan PB. 2005. Dynamics of early childhood overweight. Pediatrics 116(6):1329-1338.
    • (2005) Pediatrics , vol.116 , Issue.6 , pp. 1329-1338
    • Salsberry, P.J.1    Reagan, P.B.2
  • 99
    • 34250844975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Taking the long view: The prenatal environment and early adolescent overweight
    • Salsberry PJ, Reagan PB. 2007. Taking the long view: the prenatal environment and early adolescent overweight. Res Nurs Health 30(3):297-307.
    • (2007) Res Nurs Health , vol.30 , Issue.3 , pp. 297-307
    • Salsberry, P.J.1    Reagan, P.B.2
  • 101
    • 77954955228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neonatal nicotine exposure alters leptin signaling in the hypothalamus-pi-tuitary-thyroid axis in the late postnatal period and adulthood in rats
    • Santos-Silva AP, Moura EG, Pinheiro CR, Rios AS, Abreu-Villaca Y, Passos MC, et al. 2010. Neonatal nicotine exposure alters leptin signaling in the hypothalamus-pi-tuitary-thyroid axis in the late postnatal period and adulthood in rats. Life Sci 87(5-6):187-195.
    • (2010) Life Sci , vol.87 , Issue.5-6 , pp. 187-195
    • Santos-Silva, A.P.1    Moura, E.G.2    Pinheiro, C.R.3    Rios, A.S.4    Abreu-Villaca, Y.5    Passos, M.C.6
  • 103
    • 54949089711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dose-response associations between maternal smoking during pregnancy and subsequent childhood obesity: Effect modifcation by maternal race/ethnicity in a low-income US cohort
    • Sharma AJ, Cogswell ME, Li R. 2008. Dose-response associations between maternal smoking during pregnancy and subsequent childhood obesity: effect modifcation by maternal race/ethnicity in a low-income US cohort. Am J Epidemiol 168(9):995-1007.
    • (2008) Am J Epidemiol , vol.168 , Issue.9 , pp. 995-1007
    • Sharma, A.J.1    Cogswell, M.E.2    Li, R.3
  • 104
    • 77749334574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Socioeconomic status, birth weight, maternal smoking during pregnancy and adiposity in early adult life: An analysis using structural equation modeling
    • Silva AA, Vasconcelos AG, Bettiol H, Barbieri MA. 2010. Socioeconomic status, birth weight, maternal smoking during pregnancy and adiposity in early adult life: an analysis using structural equation modeling. Cad Saude Publica 26(1):15-29.
    • (2010) Cad Saude Publica , vol.26 , Issue.1 , pp. 15-29
    • Silva, A.A.1    Vasconcelos, A.G.2    Bettiol, H.3    Barbieri, M.A.4
  • 107
    • 67349190864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prenatal nicotine exposure and the programming of metabolic and cardiovascular disorders
    • Somm E, Schwitzgebel VM, Vauthay DM, Aubert ML, Huppi PS. 2009. Prenatal nicotine exposure and the programming of metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. Mol Cell Endocrinol 304(1-2):69-77.
    • (2009) Mol Cell Endocrinol , vol.304 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 69-77
    • Somm, E.1    Schwitzgebel, V.M.2    Vauthay, D.M.3    Aubert, M.L.4    Huppi, P.S.5
  • 108
    • 57349197879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prenatal nicotine exposure alters early pancreatic islet and adipose tissue development with consequences on the control of body weight and glucose metabolism later in life
    • Somm E, Schwitzgebel VM, Vauthay DM, Camm EJ, Chen CY, Giacobino JP, et al. 2008. Prenatal nicotine exposure alters early pancreatic islet and adipose tissue development with consequences on the control of body weight and glucose metabolism later in life. Endocrinology 149(12):6289-6299.
    • (2008) Endocrinology , vol.149 , Issue.12 , pp. 6289-6299
    • Somm, E.1    Schwitzgebel, V.M.2    Vauthay, D.M.3    Camm, E.J.4    Chen, C.Y.5    Giacobino, J.P.6
  • 109
    • 3042728016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perinatal factors and development of islet autoimmunity in early childhood: The diabetes autoimmunity study in the young
    • Stene LC, Barriga K, Norris JM, Hoffman M, Erlich HA, Eisenbarth GS, et al. 2004. Perinatal factors and development of islet autoimmunity in early childhood: the diabetes autoimmunity study in the young. Am J Epidemiol 160(1):3-10.
    • (2004) Am J Epidemiol , vol.160 , Issue.1 , pp. 3-10
    • Stene, L.C.1    Barriga, K.2    Norris, J.M.3    Hoffman, M.4    Erlich, H.A.5    Eisenbarth, G.S.6
  • 110
    • 79960028141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting the risk of newborn children to become overweight later in childhood: The PIAMA birth cohort study
    • Steur M, Smit HA, Schipper CM, Scholtens S, Kerkhof M, de Jongste JC, et al. 2010. Predicting the risk of newborn children to become overweight later in childhood: The PIAMA birth cohort study. Int J Pediatr Obes 6(2-2):e170-e178.
    • (2010) Int J Pediatr Obes , vol.6 , Issue.2
    • Steur, M.1    Smit, H.A.2    Schipper, C.M.3    Scholtens, S.4    Kerkhof, M.5    de Jongste, J.C.6
  • 111
    • 67650733033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and childhood obesity persists to the age of 9-10 years
    • Suzuki K, Ando D, Sato M, Tanaka T, Kondo N, Yamagata Z. 2009. The association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and childhood obesity persists to the age of 9-10 years. J Epidemiol 19(3):136-142.
    • (2009) J Epidemiol , vol.19 , Issue.3 , pp. 136-142
    • Suzuki, K.1    Ando, D.2    Sato, M.3    Tanaka, T.4    Kondo, N.5    Yamagata, Z.6
  • 112
    • 78651327178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender differences in the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and childhood growth trajectories: Multilevel analysis
    • Suzuki K, Kondo N, Sato M, Tanaka T, Ando D, Yamagata Z. 2011. Gender differences in the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and childhood growth trajectories: multilevel analysis. Int J Obes (Lond) 35(1):53-59.
    • (2011) Int J Obes (Lond) , vol.35 , Issue.1 , pp. 53-59
    • Suzuki, K.1    Kondo, N.2    Sato, M.3    Tanaka, T.4    Ando, D.5    Yamagata, Z.6
  • 113
    • 21244463973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early childhood risk factors associated with type 1 diabetes-is gender important?
    • Svensson J, Carstensen B, Mortensen HB, Borch-Johnsen K. 2005. Early childhood risk factors associated with type 1 diabetes-is gender important? Eur J Epidemiol 20(5):429-434.
    • (2005) Eur J Epidemiol , vol.20 , Issue.5 , pp. 429-434
    • Svensson, J.1    Carstensen, B.2    Mortensen, H.B.3    Borch-Johnsen, K.4
  • 114
    • 0037271732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smokeless nicotine administration does not result in hypertension or a deterioration in glucose tolerance or insulin sensitivity in juvenile rats
    • Swislocki AL. 2003. Smokeless nicotine administration does not result in hypertension or a deterioration in glucose tolerance or insulin sensitivity in juvenile rats. Metabolism 52(1):67-72.
    • (2003) Metabolism , vol.52 , Issue.1 , pp. 67-72
    • Swislocki, A.L.1
  • 115
    • 57449093203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smokeless nicotine exposure has no lasting effect on fasting or postglucose circulation lep-tin in young rats
    • Swislocki AL, Fakiri Z. 2008. Smokeless nicotine exposure has no lasting effect on fasting or postglucose circulation lep-tin in young rats. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 6(4):257-262.
    • (2008) Metab Syndr Relat Disord , vol.6 , Issue.4 , pp. 257-262
    • Swislocki, A.L.1    Fakiri, Z.2
  • 116
    • 0030866203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smokeless nicotine administration is associated with hypertension but not with a deterioration in glucose tolerance in rats
    • Swislocki AL, Tsuzuki A, Tait M, Khuu D, Fann K. 1997. Smokeless nicotine administration is associated with hypertension but not with a deterioration in glucose tolerance in rats. Metabolism 46(9):1008-1012.
    • (1997) Metabolism , vol.46 , Issue.9 , pp. 1008-1012
    • Swislocki, A.L.1    Tsuzuki, A.2    Tait, M.3    Khuu, D.4    Fann, K.5
  • 117
    • 77951666827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prenatal exposure to maternal cigarette smoking and accumulation of intra-abdominal fat during adolescence
    • Syme C, Abrahamowicz M, Mahboubi A, Leonard GT, Perron M, Richer L, et al. 2010. Prenatal exposure to maternal cigarette smoking and accumulation of intra-abdominal fat during adolescence. Obesity (Silver Spring) 18(5):1021-1025.
    • (2010) Obesity (Silver Spring) , vol.18 , Issue.5 , pp. 1021-1025
    • Syme, C.1    Abrahamowicz, M.2    Mahboubi, A.3    Leonard, G.T.4    Perron, M.5    Richer, L.6
  • 118
    • 80051791734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prenatal and postnatal tobacco smoke exposure and development of insulin resistance in 10 year old children
    • Thiering E, Bruske I, Kratzsch J, Thiery J, Sausenthaler S, Meisinger C, et al. 2011. Prenatal and postnatal tobacco smoke exposure and development of insulin resistance in 10 year old children. Int J Hyg Environ Health 214:361-368.
    • (2011) Int J Hyg Environ Health , vol.214 , pp. 361-368
    • Thiering, E.1    Bruske, I.2    Kratzsch, J.3    Thiery, J.4    Sausenthaler, S.5    Meisinger, C.6
  • 119
    • 34147111878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prenatal exposures and glucose metabolism in adulthood: Are effects mediated through birth weight and adiposity?
    • Thomas C, Hypponen E, Power C. 2007. Prenatal exposures and glucose metabolism in adulthood: are effects mediated through birth weight and adiposity? Diabetes Care 30(4):918-924.
    • (2007) Diabetes Care , vol.30 , Issue.4 , pp. 918-924
    • Thomas, C.1    Hypponen, E.2    Power, C.3
  • 120
    • 0030689041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relation between antioxidant enzyme gene expression and antioxi-dative defense status of insulin-producing cells
    • Tiedge M, Lortz S, Drinkgern J, Lenzen S. 1997. Relation between antioxidant enzyme gene expression and antioxi-dative defense status of insulin-producing cells. Diabetes 46(11):1733-1742.
    • (1997) Diabetes , vol.46 , Issue.11 , pp. 1733-1742
    • Tiedge, M.1    Lortz, S.2    Drinkgern, J.3    Lenzen, S.4
  • 121
    • 34948816604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are birth weight and maternal smoking during pregnancy associated with malnutrition and excess weight among school age children?
    • Tome FS, Cardoso VC, Barbieri MA, Silva AA, Simoes VM, Garcia CA, et al. 2007. Are birth weight and maternal smoking during pregnancy associated with malnutrition and excess weight among school age children? Braz J Med Biol Res 40(9):1221-1230.
    • (2007) Braz J Med Biol Res , vol.40 , Issue.9 , pp. 1221-1230
    • Tome, F.S.1    Cardoso, V.C.2    Barbieri, M.A.3    Silva, A.A.4    Simoes, V.M.5    Garcia, C.A.6
  • 122
    • 33847194992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paternal smoking is associated with a decreased prevalence of type 1 diabetes mellitus among offspring in two national British birth cohort studies (NCDS and BCS70)
    • Toschke AM, Ehlin A, Koletzko B, Montgomery SM. 2007a. Paternal smoking is associated with a decreased prevalence of type 1 diabetes mellitus among offspring in two national British birth cohort studies (NCDS and BCS70). J Perinat Med 35(1):43-47.
    • (2007) J Perinat Med , vol.35 , Issue.1 , pp. 43-47
    • Toschke, A.M.1    Ehlin, A.2    Koletzko, B.3    Montgomery, S.M.4
  • 124
    • 0345327564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early intrauterine exposure to tobacco-inhaled products and obesity
    • Toschke AM, Montgomery SM, Pfeiffer U, von Kries R. 2003. Early intrauterine exposure to tobacco-inhaled products and obesity. Am J Epidemiol 158(11):1068-1074.
    • (2003) Am J Epidemiol , vol.158 , Issue.11 , pp. 1068-1074
    • Toschke, A.M.1    Montgomery, S.M.2    Pfeiffer, U.3    von Kries, R.4
  • 125
    • 34547743254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adjusted population attributable fractions and preventable potential of risk factors for childhood obesity
    • Toschke AM, Ruckinger S, Bohler E, Von Kries R. 2007b. Adjusted population attributable fractions and preventable potential of risk factors for childhood obesity. Public Health Nutr 10(9):902-906.
    • (2007) Public Health Nutr , vol.10 , Issue.9 , pp. 902-906
    • Toschke, A.M.1    Ruckinger, S.2    Bohler, E.3    von Kries, R.4
  • 126
    • 84873350218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U.S. EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency), Available, accessed 9 September, 2012
    • U.S. EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 2012. ToxCast™. Available: http://actor.epa.gov/actor/faces/ToxCastDB/Home.jsp [accessed 9 September, 2012].
    • (2012) ToxCast™
  • 127
    • 0036266938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin-like growth factor I and leptin in umbilical cord plasma and infant birth size at term
    • Vatten LJ, Nilsen ST, Odegard RA, Romundstad PR, Austgulen R. 2002. Insulin-like growth factor I and leptin in umbilical cord plasma and infant birth size at term. Pediatrics 109(6):1131-1135.
    • (2002) Pediatrics , vol.109 , Issue.6 , pp. 1131-1135
    • Vatten, L.J.1    Nilsen, S.T.2    Odegard, R.A.3    Romundstad, P.R.4    Austgulen, R.5
  • 128
    • 0030200442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pre- and post-natal growth in children of women who smoked in pregnancy
    • Vik T, Jacobsen G, Vatten L, Bakketeig LS. 1996. Pre- and post-natal growth in children of women who smoked in pregnancy. Early Hum Dev 45(3):245-255.
    • (1996) Early Hum Dev , vol.45 , Issue.3 , pp. 245-255
    • Vik, T.1    Jacobsen, G.2    Vatten, L.3    Bakketeig, L.S.4
  • 129
    • 38949123033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parental smoking and childhood obesity-is maternal smoking in pregnancy the critical exposure?
    • for the GMESG
    • von Kries R, Bolte G, Baghi L, Toschke AM, for the GMESG. 2008. Parental smoking and childhood obesity-is maternal smoking in pregnancy the critical exposure? Int J Epidemiol 37(1):210-216.
    • (2008) Int J Epidemiol , vol.37 , Issue.1 , pp. 210-216
    • von Kries, R.1    Bolte, G.2    Baghi, L.3    Toschke, A.M.4
  • 131
    • 79957941960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reference values and early determinants of intra-abdominal fat mass in primary school children
    • von Schnurbein J, Klenk J, Galm C, Berg S, Gottmann P, Steinacker JM, et al. 2011. Reference values and early determinants of intra-abdominal fat mass in primary school children. Horm Res Paediatr 75(6):412-422.
    • (2011) Horm Res Paediatr , vol.75 , Issue.6 , pp. 412-422
    • von Schnurbein, J.1    Klenk, J.2    Galm, C.3    Berg, S.4    Gottmann, P.5    Steinacker, J.M.6
  • 132
    • 0030961277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A case-control study of environmental factors associated with diabetes in the under 5s
    • Wadsworth EJ, Shield JP, Hunt LP, Baum JD. 1997. A case-control study of environmental factors associated with diabetes in the under 5s. Diabet Med 14(5):390-396.
    • (1997) Diabet Med , vol.14 , Issue.5 , pp. 390-396
    • Wadsworth, E.J.1    Shield, J.P.2    Hunt, L.P.3    Baum, J.D.4
  • 133
    • 80055079551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Asthma and allergic symptoms and type 1 diabetes-related autoantibodies in 2.5-yr-old children
    • Wahlberg J, Vaarala O, Ludvigsson J. 2011. Asthma and allergic symptoms and type 1 diabetes-related autoantibodies in 2.5-yr-old children. Pediatr Diabetes 12(7):604-610.
    • (2011) Pediatr Diabetes , vol.12 , Issue.7 , pp. 604-610
    • Wahlberg, J.1    Vaarala, O.2    Ludvigsson, J.3
  • 134
    • 0035404555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A critique of the expression of paediatric body composition data
    • Wells JC. 2001. A critique of the expression of paediatric body composition data. Arch Dis Child 85(1):67-72.
    • (2001) Arch Dis Child , vol.85 , Issue.1 , pp. 67-72
    • Wells, J.C.1
  • 135
    • 79952230525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prenatal factors for childhood blood pressure mediated by intrauterine and/or childhood growth?
    • Wen X, Triche EW, Hogan JW, Shenassa ED, Buka SL. 2011. Prenatal factors for childhood blood pressure mediated by intrauterine and/or childhood growth? Pediatrics 127(3):e713-e721.
    • (2011) Pediatrics , vol.127 , Issue.3
    • Wen, X.1    Triche, E.W.2    Hogan, J.W.3    Shenassa, E.D.4    Buka, S.L.5
  • 136
    • 4644310528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting preschooler obesity at birth: The role of maternal obesity in early pregnancy
    • Whitaker RC. 2004. Predicting preschooler obesity at birth: the role of maternal obesity in early pregnancy. Pediatrics 114(1):e29-e36.
    • (2004) Pediatrics , vol.114 , Issue.1
    • Whitaker, R.C.1
  • 137
    • 78650068489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • White House Task Force on Childhood Obesity, Available, accessed 12 December 2011
    • White House Task Force on Childhood Obesity. 2010. Report to the President: Solving the Problem of Childhood Obesity Within a Generation. Available: http://www.letsmove.gov/sites/letsmove.gov/fles/TaskForce_on_Childhood_Obesity_May2010_FullReport.pdf [accessed 12 December 2011].
    • (2010) Report to the President: Solving the Problem of Childhood Obesity Within a Generation
  • 140
    • 0021227320 scopus 로고
    • Maternal adipose tissue response to nicotine administration in the pregnant rat: Effects on fetal body fat and cellularity
    • Williams CM, Kanagasabai T. 1984. Maternal adipose tissue response to nicotine administration in the pregnant rat: effects on fetal body fat and cellularity. Br J Nutr 51(1):7-13.
    • (1984) Br J Nutr , vol.51 , Issue.1 , pp. 7-13
    • Williams, C.M.1    Kanagasabai, T.2
  • 141
    • 66049102943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The control of food intake: Behavioral versus molecular perspectives
    • Woods SC. 2009. The control of food intake: behavioral versus molecular perspectives. Cell Metab 9(6):489-498.
    • (2009) Cell Metab , vol.9 , Issue.6 , pp. 489-498
    • Woods, S.C.1
  • 142
    • 55849141253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Central control of body weight and appetite
    • Woods SC, D'Alessio DA. 2008. Central control of body weight and appetite. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 93(11 suppl 1):S37-S50.
    • (2008) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.93 , Issue.11 SUPPL. 1
    • Woods, S.C.1    D'Alessio, D.A.2
  • 143
    • 79960087040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Health Organization, Available, accessed 14 November 2012
    • World Health Organization. 2010. Global Status Report on Noncommunicable Diseases 2010. Available: http://www.who.int/nmh/publications/ncd_report_full_en.pdf (accessed 14 November 2012).
    • (2010) Global Status Report On Noncommunicable Diseases 2010
  • 144
    • 67649523146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Appetite control and energy balance regulation in the modern world: Reward-driven brain overrides repletion signals
    • Zheng H, Lenard NR, Shin AC, Berthoud HR. 2009. Appetite control and energy balance regulation in the modern world: reward-driven brain overrides repletion signals. Int J Obes (Lond) 33(suppl 2):S8-S13.
    • (2009) Int J Obes (Lond) , vol.33 , Issue.SUPPL. 2
    • Zheng, H.1    Lenard, N.R.2    Shin, A.C.3    Berthoud, H.R.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.