메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 191, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 19-25

Diagnostic workup for diffuse parenchymal lung disease: Schematic flowchart, literature review, and pitfalls

Author keywords

Diagnosis; Diffuse parenchymal lung diseases; Interstitial lung diseases; Investigation; Pulmonary fibrosis

Indexed keywords

ANTINUCLEAR ANTIBODY; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE; NEUTROPHIL CYTOPLASMIC ANTIBODY;

EID: 84873083837     PISSN: 03412040     EISSN: 14321750     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00408-012-9433-5     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (13)

References (52)
  • 1
    • 34547640311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis of interstitial lung diseases
    • 17673067 10.4065/82.8.976
    • Ryu JH, Daniels GE, Hartman TE, Yi ES (2007) Diagnosis of interstitial lung diseases. Mayo Clin Proc 82(8):976-986
    • (2007) Mayo Clin Proc , vol.82 , Issue.8 , pp. 976-986
    • Ryu, J.H.1    Daniels, G.E.2    Hartman, T.E.3    Yi, E.S.4
  • 2
    • 34147093767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic value of serum precipitins to mould antigens in active hypersensitivity pneumonitis
    • 17182654 10.1183/09031936.00001006 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXltFKnu70%3D
    • Fenoglio CM, Reboux G, Sudre B, Mercier M, Roussel S, Cordier JF et al (2007) Diagnostic value of serum precipitins to mould antigens in active hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Eur Respir J 29:706-712
    • (2007) Eur Respir J , vol.29 , pp. 706-712
    • Fenoglio, C.M.1    Reboux, G.2    Sudre, B.3    Mercier, M.4    Roussel, S.5    Cordier, J.F.6
  • 3
    • 0019435091 scopus 로고
    • Interstitial lung disease: Current concept of pathogenesis, staging and therapy
    • 7011012 10.1016/0002-9343(81)90577-5 1:STN:280:DyaL3M7lslejsA%3D%3D
    • Crystal RG, Gadek J, Ferrans V (1981) Interstitial lung disease: current concept of pathogenesis, staging and therapy. Am J Med 70:542-568
    • (1981) Am J Med , vol.70 , pp. 542-568
    • Crystal, R.G.1    Gadek, J.2    Ferrans, V.3
  • 4
    • 0037080547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International multidisciplinary consensus classification of the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias
    • American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society
    • American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society (2002) International multidisciplinary consensus classification of the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 165:277-304
    • (2002) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.165 , pp. 277-304
  • 5
    • 49449109053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Classification of diffuse parenchymal lung disease
    • U. Costable R.M. Dubois J.J. Egan (eds) 1 Karger AG Basel
    • Gomez AD, King TE (2007) Classification of diffuse parenchymal lung disease. In: Costable U, Dubois RM, Egan JJ (eds) Diffuse parenchymal lung disease, 1st edn. Karger AG, Basel, pp 2-10
    • (2007) Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease , pp. 2-10
    • Gomez, A.D.1    King, T.E.2
  • 6
    • 77953690760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How to investigate a patient with suspected interstitial lung disease
    • 20534676 10.1136/bmj.c2843
    • Dempsey OJ, Kerr KM, Remmen H, Denison AR (2010) How to investigate a patient with suspected interstitial lung disease. BMJ 340:c2843
    • (2010) BMJ , vol.340 , pp. 2843
    • Dempsey, O.J.1    Kerr, K.M.2    Remmen, H.3    Denison, A.R.4
  • 7
    • 2642562235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional differences in bronchoalveolar lavage and thoracic high-resolution computed tomography results in dyspneic patients with systemic sclerosis
    • 15188367 10.1002/art.20265
    • Clements PJ, Goldin JG, Keerup EC, Furst DE, Elashoff RM, Tashkin DP et al (2004) Regional differences in bronchoalveolar lavage and thoracic high-resolution computed tomography results in dyspneic patients with systemic sclerosis. Arthritis Rheum 50(6):1909-1917
    • (2004) Arthritis Rheum , vol.50 , Issue.6 , pp. 1909-1917
    • Clements, P.J.1    Goldin, J.G.2    Keerup, E.C.3    Furst, D.E.4    Elashoff, R.M.5    Tashkin, D.P.6
  • 8
    • 51549101867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interstitial lung disease guidelines: The British Thoracic Society in collaboration with the Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand and the Irish Thoracic Society
    • Wells A, Hirani N (2008) On behalf of the British Thoracic Society Interstitial Lung Disease Guideline Group, a subgroup of the British Thoracic Society Standards of Care Committee, in collaboration with the Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand and the Irish Thoracic Society. Interstitial lung disease guidelines: the British Thoracic Society in collaboration with the Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand and the Irish Thoracic Society. Thorax 63:v1-v58
    • (2008) Thorax , vol.63
    • Wells, A.1    Hirani, N.2
  • 10
    • 67649996651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of the clinical features of ANCA-positive and ANCA-negative idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients
    • 19077381 10.1159/000183754 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXmsFals78%3D
    • Nozu T, Kondo M, Suzuki K, Tamaoki J, Nagai A (2009) A comparison of the clinical features of ANCA-positive and ANCA-negative idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients. Respiration 77:407-415
    • (2009) Respiration , vol.77 , pp. 407-415
    • Nozu, T.1    Kondo, M.2    Suzuki, K.3    Tamaoki, J.4    Nagai, A.5
  • 11
    • 49349108743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies in lung disease associated with rheumatoid arthritis
    • 18638466 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2008.06.014 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhtVent7%2FF
    • Inui N, Enomoto N, Suda T, Kageyama Y, Watanabe H, Chida K (2008) Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies in lung disease associated with rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Biochem 41:1074-1077
    • (2008) Clin Biochem , vol.41 , pp. 1074-1077
    • Inui, N.1    Enomoto, N.2    Suda, T.3    Kageyama, Y.4    Watanabe, H.5    Chida, K.6
  • 12
    • 67649379349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ascertainment of collagen vascular disease in patients presenting with interstitial lung disease
    • 19304475 10.1016/j.rmed.2009.02.009
    • Mittoo S, Gelber AC, Christopher-Stine L, Horton MR, Lechtzin N, Danoff SK (2009) Ascertainment of collagen vascular disease in patients presenting with interstitial lung disease. Respir Med 103:1152-1158
    • (2009) Respir Med , vol.103 , pp. 1152-1158
    • Mittoo, S.1    Gelber, A.C.2    Christopher-Stine, L.3    Horton, M.R.4    Lechtzin, N.5    Danoff, S.K.6
  • 13
    • 84865129018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interstitial lung disease in connective tissue disorders
    • 22901890 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61079-4
    • Fischer A, du Bois R (2012) Interstitial lung disease in connective tissue disorders. Lancet 380:689-698
    • (2012) Lancet , vol.380 , pp. 689-698
    • Fischer, A.1    Du Bois, R.2
  • 14
    • 77955363189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease: A call for clarification
    • 20682528 10.1378/chest.10-0194
    • Fischer A, West SG, Swigris JJ, Brown KK, du Bois RM (2010) Connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease: a call for clarification. Chest 138(2):251-256
    • (2010) Chest , vol.138 , Issue.2 , pp. 251-256
    • Fischer, A.1    West, S.G.2    Swigris, J.J.3    Brown, K.K.4    Du Bois, R.M.5
  • 15
    • 81055129540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autoimmune-featured interstitial lung disease: A distinct entity
    • 21565966 10.1378/chest.10-2662
    • Vij R, Noth I, Strek ME (2011) Autoimmune-featured interstitial lung disease: a distinct entity. Chest 140(5):1292-1299
    • (2011) Chest , vol.140 , Issue.5 , pp. 1292-1299
    • Vij, R.1    Noth, I.2    Strek, M.E.3
  • 16
    • 0030940381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sarcoidosis
    • 9110911 10.1056/NEJM199704243361706 1:STN:280:DyaK2s3ksVGgsw%3D%3D
    • Newman LS, Rose CS, Maier LA (1997) Sarcoidosis. N Engl J Med 336:1224-1234
    • (1997) N Engl J Med , vol.336 , pp. 1224-1234
    • Newman, L.S.1    Rose, C.S.2    Maier, L.A.3
  • 17
    • 15744384615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • L'enzyme de conversion de l'angiotensine i (ECA) dans le diagnostic de la sarcoïdose
    • 15781381 10.1016/j.patbio.2004.09.003 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXisVCgs7o%3D
    • Baudin B (2005) L'enzyme de conversion de l'angiotensine I (ECA) dans le diagnostic de la sarcoïdose. Pathol Biol 53:183-188
    • (2005) Pathol Biol , vol.53 , pp. 183-188
    • Baudin, B.1
  • 18
    • 33846658059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ACE I/D-corrected Z-scores to identify normal and elevated ACE activity in sarcoidosis
    • 16901684 10.1016/j.rmed.2006.06.025
    • Kruit A, Grutters JC, Cerritsen WB, Kos S, Wodzig WK, van den Bosch JM et al (2007) ACE I/D-corrected Z-scores to identify normal and elevated ACE activity in sarcoidosis. Respir Med 101:510-515
    • (2007) Respir Med , vol.101 , pp. 510-515
    • Kruit, A.1    Grutters, J.C.2    Cerritsen, W.B.3    Kos, S.4    Wodzig, W.K.5    Van Den Bosch, J.M.6
  • 21
    • 0026758127 scopus 로고
    • Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and high prevalence of serum antibodies to hepatitis C virus
    • 1320820 1:STN:280:DyaK38zivVentg%3D%3D
    • Ueda T, Ohta K, Suzuki N, Yamaguchi M, Hirai K, Horiuchi T et al (1992) Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and high prevalence of serum antibodies to hepatitis C virus. Am Rev Respir Dis 146:266-268
    • (1992) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.146 , pp. 266-268
    • Ueda, T.1    Ohta, K.2    Suzuki, N.3    Yamaguchi, M.4    Hirai, K.5    Horiuchi, T.6
  • 22
    • 27144526389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis C virus and the lung: Implications for therapy
    • 16236966 10.1378/chest.128.4.2882
    • Moorman J, Saad M, Kosseifi S, Krishnaswamy G (2005) Hepatitis C virus and the lung: implications for therapy. Chest 128:2882-2892
    • (2005) Chest , vol.128 , pp. 2882-2892
    • Moorman, J.1    Saad, M.2    Kosseifi, S.3    Krishnaswamy, G.4
  • 23
    • 63449137708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatitic C virus enhances incidence of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
    • 18855988 10.3748/wjg.14.5880
    • Arase Y, Suzuki F, Suzuki Y, Akuta N, Kobayashi M, Kawamura Y et al (2008) Hepatitic C virus enhances incidence of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. World J Gastroenterol 14(64):5880-5886
    • (2008) World J Gastroenterol , vol.14 , Issue.64 , pp. 5880-5886
    • Arase, Y.1    Suzuki, F.2    Suzuki, Y.3    Akuta, N.4    Kobayashi, M.5    Kawamura, Y.6
  • 24
    • 46149121948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship of cytomegalovirus load assessed by real-time PCR to pp 65 antigenemia in organ transplant recipients
    • 18495527 10.1016/j.jcv.2008.03.031 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXotlOis7g%3D
    • Sanghavi SK, Abu-Elmagd K, Keightley MC, St. George K, Lewandowksi K, Boes SS et al (2008) Relationship of cytomegalovirus load assessed by real-time PCR to pp 65 antigenemia in organ transplant recipients. J Clin Virol 42:335-342
    • (2008) J Clin Virol , vol.42 , pp. 335-342
    • Sanghavi, S.K.1    Abu-Elmagd, K.2    Keightley, M.C.3    St. George, K.4    Lewandowksi, K.5    Boes, S.S.6
  • 25
    • 77955094575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Positive predictive value of anti-HCV IgM as an index of primary infection
    • 20470827 10.1016/j.jviromet.2010.05.001
    • De Paschale M, Agrappi C, Manco MT, Clerici P (2010) Positive predictive value of anti-HCV IgM as an index of primary infection. J Virol Methods 168:121-125
    • (2010) J Virol Methods , vol.168 , pp. 121-125
    • De Paschale, M.1    Agrappi, C.2    Manco, M.T.3    Clerici, P.4
  • 26
    • 0034027346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of CMV pneumonitis after lung transplantation using PCR of DNA from bronchoalveolar lavage cells
    • 10773788 10.1159/000029481 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3c3jsl2hsg%3D%3D
    • Bewig B, Haacke TC, Tiroke A, Bastian A, Böttcher H, Hirt SW et al (2000) Detection of CMV pneumonitis after lung transplantation using PCR of DNA from bronchoalveolar lavage cells. Respiration 67:166-172
    • (2000) Respiration , vol.67 , pp. 166-172
    • Bewig, B.1    Haacke, T.C.2    Tiroke, A.3    Bastian, A.4    Böttcher, H.5    Hirt, S.W.6
  • 27
    • 24744468034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epstein-Barr-virus-induced interstitial lung disease
    • 16093822 10.1097/01.mcp.0000176678.38539.9a
    • Marzouk K, Corate L, Saleh S, Sharma OP (2005) Epstein-Barr-virus-induced interstitial lung disease. Curr Opin Pulm Med 11:456-460
    • (2005) Curr Opin Pulm Med , vol.11 , pp. 456-460
    • Marzouk, K.1    Corate, L.2    Saleh, S.3    Sharma, O.P.4
  • 28
    • 61749094742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seroepidemiology of EBV and interpretation of the 'isolated VCA IgG' pattern
    • 19107979 10.1002/jmv.21373
    • De Paschale M, Agrappi C, Manco MT, Mirri P, Vigano EF, Clerici P (2009) Seroepidemiology of EBV and interpretation of the 'isolated VCA IgG' pattern. J Med Virol 81:325-331
    • (2009) J Med Virol , vol.81 , pp. 325-331
    • De Paschale, M.1    Agrappi, C.2    Manco, M.T.3    Mirri, P.4    Vigano, E.F.5    Clerici, P.6
  • 29
    • 3843082947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Routine Epstein-Barr virus diagnostics from the laboratory perspective: Still challenging after 35 years
    • 15297472 10.1128/JCM.42.8.3381-3387.2004
    • Hess RD (2004) Routine Epstein-Barr virus diagnostics from the laboratory perspective: still challenging after 35 years. J Clin Microbiol 42(8):3381-3387
    • (2004) J Clin Microbiol , vol.42 , Issue.8 , pp. 3381-3387
    • Hess, R.D.1
  • 30
    • 0036436165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pulmonary interstitial disease in Ig deficiency
    • 12426258 10.1378/chest.122.5.1594
    • Popa V, Colby T, Reich SB (2002) Pulmonary interstitial disease in Ig deficiency. Chest 122:1594-1603
    • (2002) Chest , vol.122 , pp. 1594-1603
    • Popa, V.1    Colby, T.2    Reich, S.B.3
  • 31
    • 68949165951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 4-related interstitial lung disease: A new and evolving concept
    • 19550328 10.1097/MCP.0b013e32832ea509 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXptVarsrY%3D
    • 4-related interstitial lung disease: a new and evolving concept. Curr Opin Pulm Med 15:513-516
    • (2009) Curr Opin Pulm Med , vol.15 , pp. 513-516
    • Shigemitsu, H.1    Koss, M.N.2
  • 32
    • 0021347081 scopus 로고
    • Systemic vasculitis with asthma and eosinophilia: A clinical approach to the Churg-Strauss Syndrome
    • 6366453 10.1097/00005792-198403000-00001 1:STN:280:DyaL2c7ktFWqtA%3D%3D
    • Lanham JG, Elkon KB, Pusey CD, Hughes GR (1984) Systemic vasculitis with asthma and eosinophilia: a clinical approach to the Churg-Strauss Syndrome. Medicine 63(2):65-81
    • (1984) Medicine , vol.63 , Issue.2 , pp. 65-81
    • Lanham, J.G.1    Elkon, K.B.2    Pusey, C.D.3    Hughes, G.R.4
  • 34
    • 18644363812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Six-minute walk, maximal exercise tests: Reproducibility in fibrotic interstitial pneumonia
    • 15640367 10.1164/rccm.200405-578OC
    • Eaton T, Young P, Milne D, Wells AU (2005) Six-minute walk, maximal exercise tests: reproducibility in fibrotic interstitial pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 171:1150-1157
    • (2005) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.171 , pp. 1150-1157
    • Eaton, T.1    Young, P.2    Milne, D.3    Wells, A.U.4
  • 35
    • 0038294612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interstitial lung diseases
    • A.S. Fauci D.L. Kasper D.L. Longo E. Braunwald S.L. Hauser J.L. Jameson (eds) et al. 17 McGraw-Hill New York
    • King TE (2008) Interstitial lung diseases. In: Fauci AS, Kasper DL, Longo DL, Braunwald E, Hauser SL, Jameson JL et al (eds) Harrison's principles of internal medicine, 17th edn. McGraw-Hill, New York, pp 1643-1651
    • (2008) Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine , pp. 1643-1651
    • King, T.E.1
  • 36
    • 2342634255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pulmonary function testing in interstitial lung diseases
    • 15133338 10.1159/000077416
    • Chetta A, Marangio E, Olivieri D (2004) Pulmonary function testing in interstitial lung diseases. Respiration 71:209-213
    • (2004) Respiration , vol.71 , pp. 209-213
    • Chetta, A.1    Marangio, E.2    Olivieri, D.3
  • 37
    • 76749087909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with restrictive lung diseases
    • 19858229 10.1378/chest.09-0241
    • Salhi B, Troosters T, Behaegel M, Joos G, Derom E (2010) Effects of pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with restrictive lung diseases. Chest 137(2):273-279
    • (2010) Chest , vol.137 , Issue.2 , pp. 273-279
    • Salhi, B.1    Troosters, T.2    Behaegel, M.3    Joos, G.4    Derom, E.5
  • 38
    • 79952717349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An official ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT statement: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Evidence-based guidelines for diagnosis and management
    • 21471066 10.1164/rccm.2009-040GL
    • Raghu G, Collard HR, Egan JJ, Martinez FJ, Behr J, Brown KK et al (2011) An official ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT statement: idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: evidence-based guidelines for diagnosis and management. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 183:788-824
    • (2011) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.183 , pp. 788-824
    • Raghu, G.1    Collard, H.R.2    Egan, J.J.3    Martinez, F.J.4    Behr, J.5    Brown, K.K.6
  • 39
    • 66249145452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Significance of bronchoalveolar lavage for the diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
    • 19246718 10.1164/rccm.200808-1313OC
    • Ohshimo S, Bonella F, Cui A, Beume M, Kohno N, Guzman J, Costabel U (2009) Significance of bronchoalveolar lavage for the diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 179:1043-1047
    • (2009) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.179 , pp. 1043-1047
    • Ohshimo, S.1    Bonella, F.2    Cui, A.3    Beume, M.4    Kohno, N.5    Guzman, J.6    Costabel, U.7
  • 40
    • 3142701273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison between real-time PCR, conventional PCR and different staining techniques for diagnosing Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia from bronchoalveolar lavage specimens
    • 15184529 10.1099/jmm.0.45528-0 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXms1ylurc%3D
    • Flori P, Bellete B, Durand F, Raberin H, Cazorla C, Hafid J et al (2004) Comparison between real-time PCR, conventional PCR and different staining techniques for diagnosing Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia from bronchoalveolar lavage specimens. J Med Microbiol 53:603-607
    • (2004) J Med Microbiol , vol.53 , pp. 603-607
    • Flori, P.1    Bellete, B.2    Durand, F.3    Raberin, H.4    Cazorla, C.5    Hafid, J.6
  • 41
    • 0007991594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Herpes simplex viruses
    • A.S. Fauci D.L. Kasper D.L. Longo E. Braunwald S.L. Hauser J.L. Jameson (eds) et al. 17 McGraw-Hill New York
    • Corey L (2008) Herpes simplex viruses. In: Fauci AS, Kasper DL, Longo DL, Braunwald E, Hauser SL, Jameson JL et al (eds) Harrison's principles of internal medicine, 17th edn. McGraw-Hill, New York, pp 1095-1102
    • (2008) Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine , pp. 1095-1102
    • Corey, L.1
  • 42
    • 77957656481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of herpes simplex virus detection in respiratory specimens of patients with suspected viral pneumonia
    • 20589523 10.1007/s15010-010-0036-x 1:STN:280:DC%2BC3cfkslakug%3D%3D
    • Scheithauer S, Manemann AK, Krüger S, Häusler M, Krüttgen A, Lemmen SW et al (2010) Impact of herpes simplex virus detection in respiratory specimens of patients with suspected viral pneumonia. Infection 38:401-405
    • (2010) Infection , vol.38 , pp. 401-405
    • Scheithauer, S.1    Manemann, A.K.2    Krüger, S.3    Häusler, M.4    Krüttgen, A.5    Lemmen, S.W.6
  • 43
    • 84865093012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Varicella-zoster virus infections
    • A.S. Fauci D.L. Kasper D.L. Longo E. Braunwald S.L. Hauser J.L. Jameson (eds) et al. 17 McGraw-Hill New York
    • Whitley RJ (2008) Varicella-zoster virus infections. In: Fauci AS, Kasper DL, Longo DL, Braunwald E, Hauser SL, Jameson JL et al (eds) Harrison's principles of internal medicine, 17th edn. McGraw-Hill, New York, pp 1102-1105
    • (2008) Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine , pp. 1102-1105
    • Whitley, R.J.1
  • 44
    • 0033837081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Varicella-zoster virus detection by polymerase chain reaction using bronchoalveolar lavage specimens
    • Cowl CT, Prakash UB, Shawn Mitchell P, Migden MR (2000) Varicella-zoster virus detection by polymerase chain reaction using bronchoalveolar lavage specimens. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 161:753-754
    • (2000) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.161 , pp. 753-754
    • Cowl, C.T.1    Prakash, U.B.2    Shawn Mitchell, P.3    Migden, M.R.4
  • 45
    • 84873091636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Respiratory disease
    • R.L. Souhami J. Moxham (eds) 4 Churchill Livingstone Philadelphia
    • Moxham J, Castello J (2002) Respiratory disease. In: Souhami RL, Moxham J (eds) Textbook of medicine, 4th edn. Churchill Livingstone, Philadelphia, pp 670-686
    • (2002) Textbook of Medicine , pp. 670-686
    • Moxham, J.1    Castello, J.2
  • 47
    • 37849012578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BUILD-1: A randomized placebo-controlled trial of bosentan in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
    • 17901413 10.1164/rccm.200705-732OC 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXht12mt7s%3D
    • King TE, Behr J, Brown KK, du Bois RM, Lancaster L, de Andrade JA et al (2008) BUILD-1: a randomized placebo-controlled trial of bosentan in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 177(1):75-81
    • (2008) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.177 , Issue.1 , pp. 75-81
    • King, T.E.1    Behr, J.2    Brown, K.K.3    Du Bois, R.M.4    Lancaster, L.5    De Andrade, J.A.6
  • 48
    • 80051566676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BUILD-3: A randomized, controlled trial of bosentan in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
    • 21474646 10.1164/rccm.201011-1874OC
    • King TE, Brown KK, Raghu G, du Bois RM, Lynch DA, Martinez F et al (2011) BUILD-3: a randomized, controlled trial of bosentan in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 184(1):92-99
    • (2011) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.184 , Issue.1 , pp. 92-99
    • King, T.E.1    Brown, K.K.2    Raghu, G.3    Du Bois, R.M.4    Lynch, D.A.5    Martinez, F.6
  • 50
    • 77956640423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A controlled trial of sildenafil in advanced idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
    • Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Clinical Research Network 20484178 10.1056/NEJMoa1002110
    • Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Clinical Research Network, Zisman DA, Schwarz M, Anstrom KJ, Collard HR, Flaherty KR, Hunninghake GW (2010) A controlled trial of sildenafil in advanced idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. N Engl J Med 363:620-628
    • (2010) N Engl J Med , vol.363 , pp. 620-628
    • Zisman, D.A.1    Schwarz, M.2    Anstrom, K.J.3    Collard, H.R.4    Flaherty, K.R.5    Hunninghake, G.W.6
  • 51
    • 34250764752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A clinician's guide to the diagnosis and treatment of interstitial lung diseases
    • 17591311 10.1097/SMJ.0b013e3180485c62
    • Danoff SK, Terry PB, Horton MR (2007) A clinician's guide to the diagnosis and treatment of interstitial lung diseases. South Med J 100(6):579-587
    • (2007) South Med J , vol.100 , Issue.6 , pp. 579-587
    • Danoff, S.K.1    Terry, P.B.2    Horton, M.R.3
  • 52
    • 2942644636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inter-observer variation between pathologists in diffuse parenchymal lung disease
    • 15170033 10.1136/thx.2003.011734 1:STN:280:DC%2BD2c3pvVKjtA%3D%3D
    • Nicholson AG, Addis BJ, Bharucha H, Clelland CA, Corrin B, Gibbs AR et al (2004) Inter-observer variation between pathologists in diffuse parenchymal lung disease. Thorax 59:500-505
    • (2004) Thorax , vol.59 , pp. 500-505
    • Nicholson, A.G.1    Addis, B.J.2    Bharucha, H.3    Clelland, C.A.4    Corrin, B.5    Gibbs, A.R.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.