메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn , Issue , 2011, Pages 159-183

The Role of Culture and Nucleic Acid Amplification in Diagnosis of Lyme Borreliosis

Author keywords

Culture and nucleic acid amplification roles in Lyme borreliosis diagnosis; Lyme borrelia culture, and culture techniques in liquid medium, and optimal incubation; Nucleic acid amplification of Lyme borrelia DNA nucleic acid based molecular methods, diagnostic tool for Lyme borrelia infection

Indexed keywords


EID: 84873024198     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9780470933961.ch9     Document Type: Chapter
Times cited : (1)

References (163)
  • 1
    • 0026729013 scopus 로고
    • In vitro susceptibilities of burgdorferi to five oral cephalosporins and ceftriaxone
    • Agger WA, Callister SM, Jobe DA: In vitro susceptibilities of burgdorferi to five oral cephalosporins and ceftriaxone. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 36:1788-1790; 1992.
    • (1992) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.36 , pp. 1788-1790
    • Agger, W.A.1    Callister, S.M.2    Jobe, D.A.3
  • 4
    • 0035126283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Purification and characterization of PCR-inhibitory components in blood cells
    • Al-Soud WA, Radstrom P: Purification and characterization of PCR-inhibitory components in blood cells. J Clin Microbiol 39:485-493; 2001.
    • (2001) J Clin Microbiol , vol.39 , pp. 485-493
    • Al-Soud, W.A.1    Radstrom, P.2
  • 6
    • 0023161859 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of burgdorferi in white-footed mice and Ixodes dammini at Fort McCoy
    • Anderson JF, Duray PH, Magnarelli LA: Prevalence of burgdorferi in white-footed mice and Ixodes dammini at Fort McCoy. Wis. J Clin Microbiol 25:1495-1497; 1987.
    • (1987) Wis. J Clin Microbiol , vol.25 , pp. 1495-1497
    • Anderson, J.F.1    Duray, P.H.2    Magnarelli, L.A.3
  • 8
    • 0021908141 scopus 로고
    • Successful cultivation of spirochetes from skin lesions of patients with erythema chronicum migrans Afzelius and acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans
    • Asbrink E, Hovmark A: Successful cultivation of spirochetes from skin lesions of patients with erythema chronicum migrans Afzelius and acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans. Acta Pathol Microbiol Immunol Scand B 93:161-163; 1985.
    • (1985) Acta Pathol Microbiol Immunol Scand , vol.93 , pp. 161-163
    • Asbrink, E.1    Hovmark, A.2
  • 9
    • 0021671855 scopus 로고
    • Isolation and cultivation of Lyme disease spirochetes
    • Barbour AG: Isolation and cultivation of Lyme disease spirochetes. Yale J Biol Med 57:521-525; 1984.
    • (1984) Yale J Biol Med , vol.57 , pp. 521-525
    • Barbour, A.G.1
  • 10
    • 0001532135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lyme Borreliosis
    • In Nataro JP, Blaser MJ, Cunningham-Rundles S. (eds):, Washington, DC, ASM Press;
    • Barthold SW: Lyme Borreliosis. In Nataro JP, Blaser MJ, Cunningham-Rundles S. (eds): Persistent Bacterial Infections. Washington, DC, ASM Press; 2000.
    • (2000) Persistent Bacterial Infections
    • Barthold, S.W.1
  • 12
    • 17344383198 scopus 로고
    • Dermatologic manifestations of Lyme disease
    • BergerBW: Dermatologic manifestations of Lyme disease. Rev Infect Dis 11(suppl6): S1475-S1481; 1989.
    • (1989) Rev Infect Dis , vol.11 , Issue.SUPPL6
    • Berger, B.W.1
  • 13
    • 0020641131 scopus 로고
    • Lyme disease is a spirochetosis. A review of the disease and evidence for its cause
    • Berger BW, Clemmensen OJ, Ackerman AB: Lyme disease is a spirochetosis. A review of the disease and evidence for its cause. Am J Dermatopathol 5:111-124; 1983.
    • (1983) Am J Dermatopathol , vol.5 , pp. 111-124
    • Berger, B.W.1    Clemmensen, O.J.2    Ackerman, A.B.3
  • 14
    • 0021816592 scopus 로고
    • Isolation and characterization of the Lyme disease spirochete from the skin of patients with erythema chronicum migrans
    • Berger BW, Kaplan MH, Rothenberg IR, Barbour AG: Isolation and characterization of the Lyme disease spirochete from the skin of patients with erythema chronicum migrans. J Am Acad Dermatol 13:444-449; 1985.
    • (1985) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.13 , pp. 444-449
    • Berger, B.W.1    Kaplan, M.H.2    Rothenberg, I.R.3    Barbour, A.G.4
  • 15
    • 0026515356 scopus 로고
    • Cultivation of burgdorferi from erythema migrans lesions and perilesional skin
    • a
    • Berger BW, Johnson RC, Kodner C, Coleman L: Cultivation of burgdorferi from erythema migrans lesions and perilesional skin. J Clin Microbiol 30:359-361; 1992a.
    • (1992) J Clin Microbiol , vol.30 , pp. 359-361
    • Berger, B.W.1    Johnson, R.C.2    Kodner, C.3    Coleman, L.4
  • 16
    • 0026654146 scopus 로고
    • Failure of burgdorferi to survive in the skin of patients with antibiotic-treated Lyme disease
    • b
    • Berger BW, Johnson RC, Kodner C, Coleman L: Failure of burgdorferi to survive in the skin of patients with antibiotic-treated Lyme disease. J Am Acad Dermatol 27:34-37; 1992b.
    • (1992) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.27 , pp. 34-37
    • Berger, B.W.1    Johnson, R.C.2    Kodner, C.3    Coleman, L.4
  • 17
    • 18744368443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Importance of sample preparation for molecular diagnosis of Lyme borreliosis from urine
    • Bergmann AR, Schmidt BL, Derler AM, Aberer E: Importance of sample preparation for molecular diagnosis of Lyme borreliosis from urine. J Clin Microbiol 40:4581-4584; 2002.
    • (2002) J Clin Microbiol , vol.40 , pp. 4581-4584
    • Bergmann, A.R.1    Schmidt, B.L.2    Derler, A.M.3    Aberer, E.4
  • 19
    • 0028266002 scopus 로고
    • The persistence of spirochetal nucleic acids in active Lyme arthritis
    • Bradley JF, Johnson RC, Goodman JL: The persistence of spirochetal nucleic acids in active Lyme arthritis. Ann Intern Med 120:487-489; 1994.
    • (1994) Ann Intern Med , vol.120 , pp. 487-489
    • Bradley, J.F.1    Johnson, R.C.2    Goodman, J.L.3
  • 20
    • 0031855112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic value of PCR for detection of burgdorferi in skin biopsy and urine samples from patients with skin borreliosis
    • Brettschneider S, Bruckbauer H, Klugbauer N, Hofmann H: Diagnostic value of PCR for detection of burgdorferi in skin biopsy and urine samples from patients with skin borreliosis. J Clin Microbiol 36:2658-2665; 1998.
    • (1998) J Clin Microbiol , vol.36 , pp. 2658-2665
    • Brettschneider, S.1    Bruckbauer, H.2    Klugbauer, N.3    Hofmann, H.4
  • 21
    • 0036231464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Laboratory testing for suspected Lyme disease
    • Bunikis J, Barbour AG: Laboratory testing for suspected Lyme disease. Med Clin North Am 86:311-340; 2002.
    • (2002) Med Clin North Am , vol.86 , pp. 311-340
    • Bunikis, J.1    Barbour, A.G.2
  • 25
    • 2042470777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improvement in the laboratory recognition of Lyme borreliosis with the combination of culture and PCR methods
    • Chmielewski T, Fiett J, Gniadkowski M, Tylewska-Wierzbanowska S: Improvement in the laboratory recognition of Lyme borreliosis with the combination of culture and PCR methods. Mol Diagn 7:155-62; 2003.
    • (2003) Mol Diagn , vol.7 , pp. 155-162
    • Chmielewski, T.1    Fiett, J.2    Gniadkowski, M.3    Tylewska-Wierzbanowska, S.4
  • 26
    • 0029044068 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the polymerase chain reaction for the detection of burgdorferi in cerebrospinal fluid of children with acute peripheral facial palsy
    • Christen HJ, Eiffert H, Ohlenbusch A, Hanefeld F: Evaluation of the polymerase chain reaction for the detection of burgdorferi in cerebrospinal fluid of children with acute peripheral facial palsy. Eur J Pediatr 154:374-377; 1995.
    • (1995) Eur J Pediatr , vol.154 , pp. 374-377
    • Christen, H.J.1    Eiffert, H.2    Ohlenbusch, A.3    Hanefeld, F.4
  • 28
    • 0027205383 scopus 로고
    • Integrin alpha IIb beta 3 mediates binding of the Lyme disease agent burgdorferi to human platelets
    • Coburn J, Leong JM, Erban JK: Integrin alpha IIb beta 3 mediates binding of the Lyme disease agent burgdorferi to human platelets. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90:7059-7063; 1993.
    • (1993) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.90 , pp. 7059-7063
    • Coburn, J.1    Leong, J.M.2    Erban, J.K.3
  • 29
    • 0029987968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Host DNA can interfere with detection of burgdorferi in skin biopsy specimens by PCR
    • Cogswell FB, Bantar CE, Hughes TG, Gu Y, Philipp MT: Host DNA can interfere with detection of burgdorferi in skin biopsy specimens by PCR. J Clin Microbiol 34:980-982; 1996.
    • (1996) J Clin Microbiol , vol.34 , pp. 980-982
    • Cogswell, F.B.1    Bantar, C.E.2    Hughes, T.G.3    Gu, Y.4    Philipp, M.T.5
  • 30
    • 3142658734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiplex real-time PCR for detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and burgdorferi
    • Courtney JW, Kostelnik LM, Zeidner NS, Massung RF: Multiplex real-time PCR for detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and burgdorferi. J Clin Microbiol 42:3164-3168; 2004.
    • (2004) J Clin Microbiol , vol.42 , pp. 3164-3168
    • Courtney, J.W.1    Kostelnik, L.M.2    Zeidner, N.S.3    Massung, R.F.4
  • 33
    • 0017094013 scopus 로고
    • Blood culture technique based on centrifugation clinical evaluation
    • Dorn GL, Burson GG, Haynes JR: Blood culture technique based on centrifugation: clinical evaluation. J Clin Microbiol 3:258-263; 1976.
    • (1976) J Clin Microbiol , vol.3 , pp. 258-263
    • Dorn, G.L.1    Burson, G.G.2    Haynes, J.R.3
  • 34
    • 0035081597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular diagnosis of Lyme disease. Review and meta-analysis
    • Dumler JS: Molecular diagnosis of Lyme disease. Review and meta-analysis. Mol Diagn 6:1-11; 2001.
    • (2001) Mol Diagn , vol.6 , pp. 1-11
    • Dumler, J.S.1
  • 35
    • 0346341057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular methods for ehrlichiosis and Lyme disease
    • Dumler JS: Molecular methods for ehrlichiosis and Lyme disease. Clin Lab Med 23:867-884, vi; 2003.
    • (2003) Clin Lab Med , vol.23 vi , pp. 867-884
    • Dumler, J.S.1
  • 38
    • 0041424865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isolation and detection of burgdorferi DNA from cerebral spinal fluid, synovial fluid, blood, urine, and ticks using the Roche MagNA Pure system and real-time PCR
    • Exner MM, Lewinski MA: Isolation and detection of burgdorferi DNA from cerebral spinal fluid, synovial fluid, blood, urine, and ticks using the Roche MagNA Pure system and real-time PCR. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 46:235-240; 2003.
    • (2003) Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis , vol.46 , pp. 235-240
    • Exner, M.M.1    Lewinski, M.A.2
  • 40
    • 0029037073 scopus 로고
    • Bloodstream invasion in early Lyme disease. Results from a prospective, controlled, blinded study using the polymerase chain reaction
    • Goodman JL, Bradley JF, Ross AE, Goellner P, Lagus A, Vitale B, Berger BW, Luger S, Johnson RC: Bloodstream invasion in early Lyme disease. Results from a prospective, controlled, blinded study using the polymerase chain reaction. Am J Med 99:6-12; 1995.
    • (1995) Am J Med , vol.99 , pp. 6-12
    • Goodman, J.L.1    Bradley, J.F.2    Ross, A.E.3    Goellner, P.4    Lagus, A.5    Vitale, B.6    Berger, B.W.7    Luger, S.8    Johnson, R.C.9
  • 42
    • 0027208156 scopus 로고
    • Detection of burgdorferi by nested polymerase chain reaction in cerebrospinal fluid and urine of children with neuroborreliosis
    • Huppertz HI, Schmidt H, Karch H: Detection of burgdorferi by nested polymerase chain reaction in cerebrospinal fluid and urine of children with neuroborreliosis. Eur J Pediatr 152:414-417; 1993.
    • (1993) Eur J Pediatr , vol.152 , pp. 414-417
    • Huppertz, H.I.1    Schmidt, H.2    Karch, H.3
  • 46
    • 0031682598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of peripheral and central biopsy sites for the isolation of burgdorferi sensu lato from erythema migrans skin lesions
    • Jurca T, Ruzic-Sabljic E, Lotric-Furlan S, Maraspin V, Cimperman J, Picken RN, Strle F: Comparison of peripheral and central biopsy sites for the isolation of burgdorferi sensu lato from erythema migrans skin lesions. Clin Infect Dis 27:636-638; 1998.
    • (1998) Clin Infect Dis , vol.27 , pp. 636-638
    • Jurca, T.1    Ruzic-Sabljic, E.2    Lotric-Furlan, S.3    Maraspin, V.4    Cimperman, J.5    Picken, R.N.6    Strle, F.7
  • 47
    • 0027969061 scopus 로고
    • Demonstration of burgdorferi DNA in urine samples from healthy humans whose sera contain B. burgdorferi-specific antibodies
    • Karch H, Huppertz HI, Bohme M, Schmidt H, Wiebecke D, Schwarzkopf A: Demonstration of burgdorferi DNA in urine samples from healthy humans whose sera contain B. burgdorferi-specific antibodies. J Clin Microbiol 32:2312-2314; 1994.
    • (1994) J Clin Microbiol , vol.32 , pp. 2312-2314
    • Karch, H.1    Huppertz, H.I.2    Bohme, M.3    Schmidt, H.4    Wiebecke, D.5    Schwarzkopf, A.6
  • 48
    • 0025057616 scopus 로고
    • Cultivation and characterization of spirochetes from cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Lyme borreliosis
    • Karlsson M, Hovind-Hougen K, Svenungsson B, Stiernstedt G: Cultivation and characterization of spirochetes from cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Lyme borreliosis. J ClinMicrobiol 28:473-479; 1990.
    • (1990) J ClinMicrobiol , vol.28 , pp. 473-479
    • Karlsson, M.1    Hovind-Hougen, K.2    Svenungsson, B.3    Stiernstedt, G.4
  • 49
    • 0026511499 scopus 로고
    • PCR detection of burgdorferi DNA in cerebrospinal fluid of Lyme neuroborreliosis patients
    • Keller TL, Halperin JJ, Whitman M: PCR detection of burgdorferi DNA in cerebrospinal fluid of Lyme neuroborreliosis patients. Neurology 42:32-42; 1992.
    • (1992) Neurology , vol.42 , pp. 32-42
    • Keller, T.L.1    Halperin, J.J.2    Whitman, M.3
  • 50
    • 0021175791 scopus 로고
    • Clinical laboratory comparison of the 10-ml isolator blood culture system with BACTEC radiometric blood culture media
    • Kellogg JA, Manzella JP, McConville JH: Clinical laboratory comparison of the 10-ml isolator blood culture system with BACTEC radiometric blood culture media. J Clin Microbiol 20:618-623; 1984.
    • (1984) J Clin Microbiol , vol.20 , pp. 618-623
    • Kellogg, J.A.1    Manzella, J.P.2    McConville, J.H.3
  • 51
    • 0015245768 scopus 로고
    • Cultivation of hermsi
    • Kelly R: Cultivation of hermsi. Science 173:443-444; 1971.
    • (1971) Science , vol.173 , pp. 443-444
    • Kelly, R.1
  • 56
    • 0026639501 scopus 로고
    • Detection of burgdorferi DNA in urine samples and cerebrospinal fluid samples from patients with early and late Lyme neuroborreliosis by polymerase chain reaction
    • Lebech AM, Hansen K: Detection of burgdorferi DNA in urine samples and cerebrospinal fluid samples from patients with early and late Lyme neuroborreliosis by polymerase chain reaction. J Clin Microbiol 30:1646-1653; 1992.
    • (1992) J Clin Microbiol , vol.30 , pp. 1646-1653
    • Lebech, A.M.1    Hansen, K.2
  • 57
    • 0029156499 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of in vitro culture, immunohistochemical staining, and PCR for detection of burgdorferi in tissue from experimentally infected animals
    • Lebech AM, Clemmensen O, Hansen K: Comparison of in vitro culture, immunohistochemical staining, and PCR for detection of burgdorferi in tissue from experimentally infected animals. J Clin Microbiol 33:2328-2333; 1995.
    • (1995) J Clin Microbiol , vol.33 , pp. 2328-2333
    • Lebech, A.M.1    Clemmensen, O.2    Hansen, K.3
  • 58
    • 0033931437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic value of PCR for detection of burgdorferi DNA in clinical specimens from patients with erythema migrans and Lyme neuroborreliosis
    • Lebech AM, Hansen K, Brandrup F, Clemmensen O, Halkier-Sorensen L: Diagnostic value of PCR for detection of burgdorferi DNA in clinical specimens from patients with erythema migrans and Lyme neuroborreliosis. Mol Diagn 5:139-150; 2000.
    • (2000) Mol Diagn , vol.5 , pp. 139-150
    • Lebech, A.M.1    Hansen, K.2    Brandrup, F.3    Clemmensen, O.4    Halkier-Sorensen, L.5
  • 61
    • 0036208453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative detection of burgdorferi in 2-millimeter skin samples of erythema migrans lesions. Correlation of results with clinical and laboratory findings
    • Liveris D, Wang G, Girao G, Byrne DW, Nowakowski J, McKenna D, Nadelman R, Wormser GP, Schwartz I: Quantitative detection of burgdorferi in 2-millimeter skin samples of erythema migrans lesions. Correlation of results with clinical and laboratory findings. J Clin Microbiol 40:1249-1253; 2002.
    • (2002) J Clin Microbiol , vol.40 , pp. 1249-1253
    • Liveris, D.1    Wang, G.2    Girao, G.3    Byrne, D.W.4    Nowakowski, J.5    McKenna, D.6    Nadelman, R.7    Wormser, G.P.8    Schwartz, I.9
  • 62
    • 0033544644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Has the presence or absence of burgdorferi sensu lato as detected by skin culture any influence on the course of erythema migrans?
    • Logar M, Lotric-Furlan S, Maraspin V, Cimperman J, Jurca T, Ruzic-Sabljic E, Strle F: Has the presence or absence of burgdorferi sensu lato as detected by skin culture any influence on the course of erythema migrans? Wien Klin Wochenschr 111:945-950; 1999.
    • (1999) Wien Klin Wochenschr , vol.111 , pp. 945-950
    • Logar, M.1    Lotric-Furlan, S.2    Maraspin, V.3    Cimperman, J.4    Jurca, T.5    Ruzic-Sabljic, E.6    Strle, F.7
  • 64
    • 0029000259 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the detection of burgdorferi DNA in urine samples by polymerase chain reaction
    • Maiwald M, Stockinger C, Hassler D, Von Knebel Doeberitz M, Sonntag HG: Evaluation of the detection of burgdorferi DNA in urine samples by polymerase chain reaction. Infection 23:173-179; 1995.
    • (1995) Infection , vol.23 , pp. 173-179
    • Maiwald, M.1    Stockinger, C.2    Hassler, D.3    Knebel Doeberitz, M.V.4    Sonntag, H.G.5
  • 68
    • 0034461677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of a new culture medium for burgdorferi
    • Marques AR, Stock F, Gill V: Evaluation of a new culture medium for burgdorferi. J Clin Microbiol 38:4239-4241; 2000.
    • (2000) J Clin Microbiol , vol.38 , pp. 4239-4241
    • Marques, A.R.1    Stock, F.2    Gill, V.3
  • 69
  • 70
    • 0027381788 scopus 로고
    • Detection of bacteremia in adults consequences of culturing an inadequate volume of blood
    • Mermel LA, Maki DG: Detection of bacteremia in adults: consequences of culturing an inadequate volume of blood. Ann Intern Med 119:270-272; 1993.
    • (1993) Ann Intern Med , vol.119 , pp. 270-272
    • Mermel, L.A.1    Maki, D.G.2
  • 71
    • 0027497555 scopus 로고
    • Isolation of burgdorferi from skin biopsy specimens of patients with erythema migrans
    • Mitchell PD, Reed KD, Vandermause MF, Melski JW: Isolation of burgdorferi from skin biopsy specimens of patients with erythema migrans. Am J Clin Pathol 99:104-107; 1993.
    • (1993) Am J Clin Pathol , vol.99 , pp. 104-107
    • Mitchell, P.D.1    Reed, K.D.2    Vandermause, M.F.3    Melski, J.W.4
  • 72
    • 0028287544 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of four immunoser-ologic assays for detection of antibodies to burgdorferi in patients with culture-positive erythema migrans
    • Mitchell PD, Reed KD, Aspeslet TL, Vandermause MF, Melski JW: Comparison of four immunoser-ologic assays for detection of antibodies to burgdorferi in patients with culture-positive erythema migrans. J Clin Microbiol 32:1958-1962; 1994.
    • (1994) J Clin Microbiol , vol.32 , pp. 1958-1962
    • Mitchell, P.D.1    Reed, K.D.2    Aspeslet, T.L.3    Vandermause, M.F.4    Melski, J.W.5
  • 73
    • 0034914783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • False-positive results of PCR testing for Lyme disease
    • Molloy PJ, Persing DH, Berardi VP: False-positive results of PCR testing for Lyme disease. Clin Infect Dis 33:412-413; 2001.
    • (2001) Clin Infect Dis , vol.33 , pp. 412-413
    • Molloy, P.J.1    Persing, D.H.2    Berardi, V.P.3
  • 74
    • 0034963639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitive detection of burgdorferi sensu lato DNA and differentiation of species by LightCycler PCR
    • Mommert S, Gutzmer R, Kapp A, Werfel T: Sensitive detection of burgdorferi sensu lato DNA and differentiation of species by LightCycler PCR. J Clin Microbiol 39:2663-2667; 2001.
    • (2001) J Clin Microbiol , vol.39 , pp. 2663-2667
    • Mommert, S.1    Gutzmer, R.2    Kapp, A.3    Werfel, T.4
  • 75
    • 0027264536 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of agents for use in medium for selective isolation of Lyme disease and relapsing fever species
    • Morshed MG, Konishi H, Nishimura T, Nakazawa T: Evaluation of agents for use in medium for selective isolation of Lyme disease and relapsing fever species. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 12:512-518; 1993.
    • (1993) Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis , vol.12 , pp. 512-518
    • Morshed, M.G.1    Konishi, H.2    Nishimura, T.3    Nakazawa, T.4
  • 76
    • 0028073440 scopus 로고
    • Detection of burgdorferi sensu lato in lesional skin of patients with erythema migrans and acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans by ospA-specific PCR
    • Moter SE, Hofmann H, Wallich R, Simon MM, Kramer MD: Detection of burgdorferi sensu lato in lesional skin of patients with erythema migrans and acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans by ospA-specific PCR. J Clin Microbiol 32:2980-2988; 1994.
    • (1994) J Clin Microbiol , vol.32 , pp. 2980-2988
    • Moter, S.E.1    Hofmann, H.2    Wallich, R.3    Simon, M.M.4    Kramer, M.D.5
  • 79
    • 0028075199 scopus 로고
    • Establishment, maintenance and description of cell lines from the tick Ixodes scapularis
    • Munderloh UG, Liu Y, Wang M, Chen C, Kurtti TJ: Establishment, maintenance and description of cell lines from the tick Ixodes scapularis. J Parasitol 80:533-543; 1994.
    • (1994) J Parasitol , vol.80 , pp. 533-543
    • Munderloh, U.G.1    Liu, Y.2    Wang, M.3    Chen, C.4    Kurtti, T.J.5
  • 80
    • 0029003810 scopus 로고
    • Erythema migrans and early Lyme disease
    • discussion 23S-24S
    • Nadelman RB, Wormser GP: Erythema migrans and early Lyme disease. Am J Med 98:15S-23S; discussion 23S-24S; 1995.
    • (1995) Am J Med , vol.98
    • Nadelman, R.B.1    Wormser, G.P.2
  • 82
    • 0025099615 scopus 로고
    • Isolation of burgdorferi from the blood of seven patients with Lyme disease
    • Nadelman RB, Pavia CS, Magnarelli LA, Wormser GP: Isolation of burgdorferi from the blood of seven patients with Lyme disease. Am J Med 88:21-26; 1990.
    • (1990) Am J Med , vol.88 , pp. 21-26
    • Nadelman, R.B.1    Pavia, C.S.2    Magnarelli, L.A.3    Wormser, G.P.4
  • 83
    • 0027230893 scopus 로고
    • Failure to isolate burgdorferi after antimicrobial therapy in culture-documented Lyme borreliosis associated with erythema migrans: report of a prospective study
    • Nadelman RB, Nowakowski J, Forseter G, Bittker S, Cooper D, Goldberg N, McKenna D, Wormser GP: Failure to isolate burgdorferi after antimicrobial therapy in culture-documented Lyme borreliosis associated with erythema migrans: report of a prospective study. Am J Med 94:583-588; 1993.
    • (1993) Am J Med , vol.94 , pp. 583-588
    • Nadelman, R.B.1    Nowakowski, J.2    Forseter, G.3    Bittker, S.4    Cooper, D.5    Goldberg, N.6    McKenna, D.7    Wormser, G.P.8
  • 84
    • 0028241975 scopus 로고
    • Detecting burgdorferi in blood from patients with Lyme disease
    • Nadelman RB, Schwartz I, Wormser GP: Detecting burgdorferi in blood from patients with Lyme disease. J Infect Dis 169:1410-1411; 1994.
    • (1994) J Infect Dis , vol.169 , pp. 1410-1411
    • Nadelman, R.B.1    Schwartz, I.2    Wormser, G.P.3
  • 87
    • 0022895064 scopus 로고
    • Microbiological findings in erythema (chronicum) migrans and related disorders
    • Neubert U, Krampitz HE, Engl H: Microbiological findings in erythema (chronicum) migrans and related disorders. Zentralbl Bakteriol Mikrobiol Hyg [A] 263:237-252; 1986.
    • (1986) Zentralbl Bakteriol Mikrobiol Hyg [A] , vol.263 , pp. 237-252
    • Neubert, U.1    Krampitz, H.E.2    Engl, H.3
  • 88
    • 0028057617 scopus 로고
    • Detection of burgdorferi DNA by polymerase chain reaction in synovial fluid from patients with Lyme arthritis
    • Nocton JJ, Dressler F, Rutledge BJ, Rys PN, Persing DH, Steere AC: Detection of burgdorferi DNA by polymerase chain reaction in synovial fluid from patients with Lyme arthritis. N Engl J Med 330:229-234; 1994.
    • (1994) N Engl J Med , vol.330 , pp. 229-234
    • Nocton, J.J.1    Dressler, F.2    Rutledge, B.J.3    Rys, P.N.4    Persing, D.H.5    Steere, A.C.6
  • 94
    • 0033038588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • burgdorferi in tick cell culture modulates expression of outer surface proteins A and C in response to temperature
    • Obonyo M, Munderloh UG, Fingerle V, Wilske B, Kurtti TJ: burgdorferi in tick cell culture modulates expression of outer surface proteins A and C in response to temperature. J Clin Microbiol 37:2137-2141; 1999.
    • (1999) J Clin Microbiol , vol.37 , pp. 2137-2141
    • Obonyo, M.1    Munderloh, U.G.2    Fingerle, V.3    Wilske, B.4    Kurtti, T.J.5
  • 95
    • 0033049175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • burgdorferi detected by culture and PCR in clinical relapse of disseminated Lyme borreliosis
    • Oksi J, Marjamaki M, Nikoskelainen J, Viljanen MK: burgdorferi detected by culture and PCR in clinical relapse of disseminated Lyme borreliosis. Ann Med 31:225-232; 1999.
    • (1999) Ann Med , vol.31 , pp. 225-232
    • Oksi, J.1    Marjamaki, M.2    Nikoskelainen, J.3    Viljanen, M.K.4
  • 96
    • 0034816045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early dissemination of burgdorferi without generalized symptoms in patients with erythema migrans
    • Oksi J, Marttila H, Soini H, Aho H, Uksila J, Viljanen MK: Early dissemination of burgdorferi without generalized symptoms in patients with erythema migrans. APMIS 109:581-588; 2001.
    • (2001) APMIS , vol.109 , pp. 581-588
    • Oksi, J.1    Marttila, H.2    Soini, H.3    Aho, H.4    Uksila, J.5    Viljanen, M.K.6
  • 97
    • 0035056295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of Lyme borreliosis isolates from patients with erythema migrans and neuroborreliosis in southern Sweden
    • Ornstein K, Berglund J, Nilsson I, Norrby R, Bergstrom S: Characterization of Lyme borreliosis isolates from patients with erythema migrans and neuroborreliosis in southern Sweden. J Clin Microbiol 39:1294-1298; 2001.
    • (2001) J Clin Microbiol , vol.39 , pp. 1294-1298
    • Ornstein, K.1    Berglund, J.2    Nilsson, I.3    Norrby, R.4    Bergstrom, S.5
  • 98
    • 0035987157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three major Lyme genospecies ( burgdorferi sensu stricto, B. afzelii and B. garinii) identified by PCR in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with neuroborreliosis in Sweden
    • Ornstein K, Berglund J, Bergstrom S, Norrby R, Barbour AG: Three major Lyme genospecies ( burgdorferi sensu stricto, B. afzelii and B. garinii) identified by PCR in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with neuroborreliosis in Sweden. Scand J Infect Dis 34:341-346; 2002.
    • (2002) Scand J Infect Dis , vol.34 , pp. 341-346
    • Ornstein, K.1    Berglund, J.2    Bergstrom, S.3    Norrby, R.4    Barbour, A.G.5
  • 99
    • 0027364508 scopus 로고
    • The polymerase chain reaction in the diagnosis of Lyme neuroborreliosis
    • Pachner AR, Delaney E: The polymerase chain reaction in the diagnosis of Lyme neuroborreliosis. Ann Neurol 34:544-550; 1993.
    • (1993) Ann Neurol , vol.34 , pp. 544-550
    • Pachner, A.R.1    Delaney, E.2
  • 100
    • 0022353384 scopus 로고
    • Experimental infection of inbred guinea pigs with Treponema pallidum: development of lesions and formation of antibodies
    • Pavia CS, Niederbuhl CJ: Experimental infection of inbred guinea pigs with Treponema pallidum: development of lesions and formation of antibodies. Genitourin Med 61:75-81; 1985.
    • (1985) Genitourin Med , vol.61 , pp. 75-81
    • Pavia, C.S.1    Niederbuhl, C.J.2
  • 103
    • 0030700783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A two year prospective study to compare culture and polymerase chain reaction amplification for the detection and diagnosis of Lyme borreliosis
    • Picken MM, Picken RN, Han D, Cheng Y, Ruzic-Sabljic E, Cimperman J, Maraspin V, Lotric-Furlan S, Strle F: A two year prospective study to compare culture and polymerase chain reaction amplification for the detection and diagnosis of Lyme borreliosis. Mol Pathol 50:186-193; 1997.
    • (1997) Mol Pathol , vol.50 , pp. 186-193
    • Picken, M.M.1    Picken, R.N.2    Han, D.3    Cheng, Y.4    Ruzic-Sabljic, E.5    Cimperman, J.6    Maraspin, V.7    Lotric-Furlan, S.8    Strle, F.9
  • 104
    • 0031895272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of three species of burgdorferi sensu lato (B. burgdorferi sensu stricto, B. garinii, and B. afzelii) among isolates from acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans lesions
    • Picken RN, Strle F, Picken MM, Ruzic-Sabljic E, Maraspin V, Lotric-Furlan S, Cimperman J: Identification of three species of burgdorferi sensu lato (B. burgdorferi sensu stricto, B. garinii, and B. afzelii) among isolates from acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans lesions. J Invest Dermatol 110:211-214; 1998.
    • (1998) J Invest Dermatol , vol.110 , pp. 211-214
    • Picken, R.N.1    Strle, F.2    Picken, M.M.3    Ruzic-Sabljic, E.4    Maraspin, V.5    Lotric-Furlan, S.6    Cimperman, J.7
  • 105
    • 0025845444 scopus 로고
    • Duration of adult female Ixodes dammini attachment and transmission of burgdorferi, with description of a needle aspiration isolation method
    • Piesman J, Maupin GO, Campos EG, Happ CM: Duration of adult female Ixodes dammini attachment and transmission of burgdorferi, with description of a needle aspiration isolation method. J Infect Dis 163:895-897; 1991.
    • (1991) J Infect Dis , vol.163 , pp. 895-897
    • Piesman, J.1    Maupin, G.O.2    Campos, E.G.3    Happ, C.M.4
  • 106
    • 0033915327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid differentiation of garinii from afzelii and burgdorferi sensu stricto by LightCycler fluorescence melting curve analysis of a PCR product of the recA gene
    • Pietila J, He Q, Oksi J, Viljanen MK: Rapid differentiation of garinii from afzelii and burgdorferi sensu stricto by LightCycler fluorescence melting curve analysis of a PCR product of the recA gene. J Clin Microbiol 38:2756-2759; 2000.
    • (2000) J Clin Microbiol , vol.38 , pp. 2756-2759
    • Pietila, J.1    He, Q.2    Oksi, J.3    Viljanen, M.K.4
  • 107
    • 0027231449 scopus 로고
    • Standardization of medium for culturing Lyme disease spirochetes
    • Pollack RJ, Telford S.R. III, Spielman A: Standardization of medium for culturing Lyme disease spirochetes. J Clin Microbiol 31:1251-1255; 1993.
    • (1993) J Clin Microbiol , vol.31 , pp. 1251-1255
    • Pollack, R.J.1    Telford III, S.R.2    Spielman, A.3
  • 108
    • 0022869465 scopus 로고
    • European burgdorferi isolated from humans and ticks culture conditions and antibiotic susceptibility
    • Preac-Mursic V, Wilske B, Schierz G: European burgdorferi isolated from humans and ticks culture conditions and antibiotic susceptibility. Zentralbl Bakteriol Mikrobiol Hyg [A] 263:112-118; 1986.
    • (1986) Zentralbl Bakteriol Mikrobiol Hyg [A] , vol.263 , pp. 112-118
    • Preac-Mursic, V.1    Wilske, B.2    Schierz, G.3
  • 112
    • 0031045413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An optimized PCR leads to rapid and highly sensitive detection of burgdorferi in patients with Lyme borreliosis
    • Priem S, Rittig MG, Kamradt T, Burmester GR, Krause A: An optimized PCR leads to rapid and highly sensitive detection of burgdorferi in patients with Lyme borreliosis. J Clin Microbiol 35:685-690; 1997.
    • (1997) J Clin Microbiol , vol.35 , pp. 685-690
    • Priem, S.1    Rittig, M.G.2    Kamradt, T.3    Burmester, G.R.4    Krause, A.5
  • 113
    • 0036134980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribution of clinically relevant genospecies in ticks assessed by a novel, single-run, real-time PCR
    • Rauter C, Oehme R, Diterich I, Engele M, Hartung T: Distribution of clinically relevant genospecies in ticks assessed by a novel, single-run, real-time PCR. J Clin Microbiol 40:36-43; 2002.
    • (2002) J Clin Microbiol , vol.40 , pp. 36-43
    • Rauter, C.1    Oehme, R.2    Diterich, I.3    Engele, M.4    Hartung, T.5
  • 114
    • 0036159301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Laboratory testing for Lyme disease Possibilities and practicalities
    • Reed KD: Laboratory testing for Lyme disease: Possibilities and practicalities. J Clin Microbiol 40:319-324; 2002.
    • (2002) J Clin Microbiol , vol.40 , pp. 319-324
    • Reed, K.D.1
  • 115
    • 0030974845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of afzelii, burgdorferi sensu stricto, garinii and group VS116 by PCR in skin biopsies of patients with erythema migrans and acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans
    • Rijpkema SG, Tazelaar DJ, Molkenboer MJ, Noordhoek GT, Plantinga G, Schouls LM, Schellekens JF: Detection of afzelii, burgdorferi sensu stricto, garinii and group VS116 by PCR in skin biopsies of patients with erythema migrans and acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans. Clin Microbiol Infect 3:109-116; 1997.
    • (1997) Clin Microbiol Infect , vol.3 , pp. 109-116
    • Rijpkema, S.G.1    Tazelaar, D.J.2    Molkenboer, M.J.3    Noordhoek, G.T.4    Plantinga, G.5    Schouls, L.M.6    Schellekens, J.F.7
  • 116
    • 0024369159 scopus 로고
    • A specific and sensitive assay for the Lyme disease spirochete burgdorferi using the polymerase chain reaction
    • Rosa PA, Schwan TG: A specific and sensitive assay for the Lyme disease spirochete burgdorferi using the polymerase chain reaction. J Infect Dis 160:1018-1029; 1989.
    • (1989) J Infect Dis , vol.160 , pp. 1018-1029
    • Rosa, P.A.1    Schwan, T.G.2
  • 117
    • 0023731994 scopus 로고
    • Cultivation of burgdorferi from joint fluid three months after treatment of facial palsy due to Lyme borreliosis
    • Schmidli J, Hunziker T, Moesli P, Schaad UB: Cultivation of burgdorferi from joint fluid three months after treatment of facial palsy due to Lyme borreliosis. J Infect Dis 158:905-906; 1988.
    • (1988) J Infect Dis , vol.158 , pp. 905-906
    • Schmidli, J.1    Hunziker, T.2    Moesli, P.3    Schaad, U.B.4
  • 118
    • 0030008395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of burgdorferi-specific DNA in urine specimens from patients with erythema migrans before and after antibiotic therapy
    • Schmidt B, Muellegger RR, Stockenhuber C, Soyer HP, Hoedl S, Luger A, Kerl H: Detection of burgdorferi-specific DNA in urine specimens from patients with erythema migrans before and after antibiotic therapy. J Clin Microbiol 34:1359-1363; 1996.
    • (1996) J Clin Microbiol , vol.34 , pp. 1359-1363
    • Schmidt, B.1    Muellegger, R.R.2    Stockenhuber, C.3    Soyer, H.P.4    Hoedl, S.5    Luger, A.6    Kerl, H.7
  • 119
    • 0031017826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PCR in laboratory diagnosis of human burgdorferi infections
    • Schmidt BL: PCR in laboratory diagnosis of human burgdorferi infections. Clin Microbiol Rev 10:185-201; 1997.
    • (1997) Clin Microbiol Rev , vol.10 , pp. 185-201
    • Schmidt, B.L.1
  • 120
    • 0029068991 scopus 로고
    • Detection of burgdorferi DNA by polymerase chain reaction in the urine and breast milk of patients with Lyme borreliosis
    • Schmidt BL, AbererE, Stockenhuber C, Klade H, BreierF, Luger A: Detection of burgdorferi DNA by polymerase chain reaction in the urine and breast milk of patients with Lyme borreliosis. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 21:121-128; 1995.
    • (1995) Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis , vol.21 , pp. 121-128
    • Schmidt, B.L.1    Aberer, E.2    Stockenhuber, C.3    Klade, H.4    Breier, F.5    Luger, A.6
  • 121
    • 0035153142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chlamydia and DNA in synovial fluid of patients with early undifferentiated oligoarthritis. Results of a prospective study
    • Schnarr S, Putschky N, Jendro MC, Zeidler H, Hammer M, Kuipers JG, Wollenhaupt J: Chlamydia and DNA in synovial fluid of patients with early undifferentiated oligoarthritis. Results of a prospective study. Arthritis Rheum 44:2679-2685; 2001.
    • (2001) Arthritis Rheum , vol.44 , pp. 2679-2685
    • Schnarr, S.1    Putschky, N.2    Jendro, M.C.3    Zeidler, H.4    Hammer, M.5    Kuipers, J.G.6    Wollenhaupt, J.7
  • 122
    • 0035467621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Routine diagnosis of burgdorferi (sensu lato) infections using a real-time PCR assay
    • Schwaiger M, Peter O, Cassinotti P: Routine diagnosis of burgdorferi (sensu lato) infections using a real-time PCR assay. Clin Microbiol Infect 7:461-469; 2001.
    • (2001) Clin Microbiol Infect , vol.7 , pp. 461-469
    • Schwaiger, M.1    Peter, O.2    Cassinotti, P.3
  • 125
    • 0030929848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of efficient polymerase chain reaction amplification of burgdorferi DNA in blood-fed ticks
    • Schwartz I, Varde S, Nadelman RB, Wormser GP, Fish D: Inhibition of efficient polymerase chain reaction amplification of burgdorferi DNA in blood-fed ticks. Am J Trop Med Hyg 56:339-342; 1997.
    • (1997) Am J Trop Med Hyg , vol.56 , pp. 339-342
    • Schwartz, I.1    Varde, S.2    Nadelman, R.B.3    Wormser, G.P.4    Fish, D.5
  • 128
    • 0037032408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of different media and a BGM cell culture assay for isolation of burgdorferi sensu lato from ticks and dogs
    • Speck S, Failing K, Reiner B, Wittenbrink MM: Evaluation of different media and a BGM cell culture assay for isolation of burgdorferi sensu lato from ticks and dogs. Vet Microbiol 89:291-302; 2002.
    • (2002) Vet Microbiol , vol.89 , pp. 291-302
    • Speck, S.1    Failing, K.2    Reiner, B.3    Wittenbrink, M.M.4
  • 129
    • 0025014625 scopus 로고
    • Isolation of burgdorferi from the myocardium of a patient with longstanding cardiomyopathy
    • Stanek G, Klein J, Bittner R, Glogar D: Isolation of burgdorferi from the myocardium of a patient with longstanding cardiomyopathy. N Engl J Med 322:249-252; 1990.
    • (1990) N Engl J Med , vol.322 , pp. 249-252
    • Stanek, G.1    Klein, J.2    Bittner, R.3    Glogar, D.4
  • 130
    • 0345282979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lyme borreliosis
    • Stanek G, Strle F: Lyme borreliosis. Lancet 362:1639-1647; 2003.
    • (2003) Lancet , vol.362 , pp. 1639-1647
    • Stanek, G.1    Strle, F.2
  • 135
    • 0016280645 scopus 로고
    • Biology of hermsii in Kelly medium
    • Stoenner HG: Biology of hermsii in Kelly medium. Appl Microbiol 28:540-543; 1974.
    • (1974) Appl Microbiol , vol.28 , pp. 540-543
    • Stoenner, H.G.1
  • 136
    • 0020461166 scopus 로고
    • Antigenic variation of hermsii
    • StoennerHG, DoddT, Larsen C: Antigenic variation of hermsii. J Exp Med 156:1297-1311; 1982.
    • (1982) J Exp Med , vol.156 , pp. 1297-1311
    • Stoenner, H.G.1    Dodd, T.2    Larsen, C.3
  • 137
    • 0034037620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Status of burgdorferi infection after antibiotic treatment and the effects of corticosteroids. An experimental study
    • Straubinger RK, Straubinger AF, Summers BA, Jacobson RH: Status of burgdorferi infection after antibiotic treatment and the effects of corticosteroids. An experimental study. J Infect Dis 181:1069-1081; 2000.
    • (2000) J Infect Dis , vol.181 , pp. 1069-1081
    • Straubinger, R.K.1    Straubinger, A.F.2    Summers, B.A.3    Jacobson, R.H.4
  • 140
    • 0031260426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The isolation of burgdorferi spirochetes from clinical material in cell line cultures
    • Tylewska-Wierzbanowska S, Chmielewski T: The isolation of burgdorferi spirochetes from clinical material in cell line cultures. Zentralbl Bakteriol 286:363-370; 1997.
    • (1997) Zentralbl Bakteriol , vol.286 , pp. 363-370
    • Tylewska-Wierzbanowska, S.1    Chmielewski, T.2
  • 143
    • 0035179152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellular and humoral immune responses to burgdorferi antigens in patients with culture-positive early Lyme disease
    • Vaz A, Glickstein L, Field JA, McHugh G, Sikand VK, Damle N, Steere AC: Cellular and humoral immune responses to burgdorferi antigens in patients with culture-positive early Lyme disease. Infect Immun 69:7437-7444; 2001.
    • (2001) Infect Immun , vol.69 , pp. 7437-7444
    • Vaz, A.1    Glickstein, L.2    Field, J.A.3    McHugh, G.4    Sikand, V.K.5    Damle, N.6    Steere, A.C.7
  • 146
    • 0642340557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct detection methods for Lyme , including the use of quantitative assays
    • Wang G: Direct detection methods for Lyme , including the use of quantitative assays. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2:223-231; 2002.
    • (2002) Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis , vol.2 , pp. 223-231
    • Wang, G.1
  • 147
    • 0032872038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular typing of burgdorferi sensu lato. Taxonomic, epidemiological, and clinical implications
    • Wang G, van Dam AP, Schwartz I, Dankert J: Molecular typing of burgdorferi sensu lato. Taxonomic, epidemiological, and clinical implications. Clin Microbiol Rev 12:633-653; 1999.
    • (1999) Clin Microbiol Rev , vol.12 , pp. 633-653
    • Wang, G.1    van Dam, A.P.2    Schwartz, I.3    Dankert, J.4
  • 149
    • 0022776419 scopus 로고
    • Blood cultures. Issues and controversies.
    • Washington JA II, Ilstrup DM: 1986.
    • Washington JA II, Ilstrup DM: 1986. Blood cultures. Issues and controversies. Rev Infect Dis 8:792-802; 1986.
    • (1986) Rev Infect Dis , vol.8 , pp. 792-802
  • 150
    • 0029808271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current blood culture methods and systems. Clinical concepts, technology, and interpretation of results
    • Weinstein MP: Current blood culture methods and systems. Clinical concepts, technology, and interpretation of results. Clin Infect Dis 23:40-46; 1996.
    • (1996) Clin Infect Dis , vol.23 , pp. 40-46
    • Weinstein, M.P.1
  • 151
    • 0027432926 scopus 로고
    • Molecular detection of burgdorferi in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded lesions of Lyme disease
    • Wienecke R, Neubert U, Volkenandt M: Molecular detection of burgdorferi in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded lesions of Lyme disease. J Cutan Pathol 20:385-388; 1993.
    • (1993) J Cutan Pathol , vol.20 , pp. 385-388
    • Wienecke, R.1    Neubert, U.2    Volkenandt, M.3
  • 152
    • 2342468026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis of Lyme borreliosis in Europe
    • Wilske B: Diagnosis of Lyme borreliosis in Europe. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 3:215-227; 2003.
    • (2003) Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis , vol.3 , pp. 215-227
    • Wilske, B.1
  • 153
    • 0035217996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Principles of molecular microbiology testing methods
    • Wolk D, Mitchell S, Patel R: Principles of molecular microbiology testing methods. Infect Dis Clin North Am 15:1157-1204; 2001.
    • (2001) Infect Dis Clin North Am , vol.15 , pp. 1157-1204
    • Wolk, D.1    Mitchell, S.2    Patel, R.3
  • 157
    • 0034002185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the yields of blood cultures using serum or plasma from patients with early Lyme disease
    • a
    • Wormser GP, Bittker S, Cooper D, Nowakowski J, Nadelman RB, Pavia C: Comparison of the yields of blood cultures using serum or plasma from patients with early Lyme disease. J Clin Microbiol 38:1648-1650; 2000a.
    • (2000) J Clin Microbiol , vol.38 , pp. 1648-1650
    • Wormser, G.P.1    Bittker, S.2    Cooper, D.3    Nowakowski, J.4    Nadelman, R.B.5    Pavia, C.6
  • 161
    • 0035001039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of cultivation media on genetic regulatory patterns in burgdorferi
    • Yang X, Popova TG, Goldberg MS, Norgard MV: Influence of cultivation media on genetic regulatory patterns in burgdorferi. Infect Immun 69:4159-4163; 2001.
    • (2001) Infect Immun , vol.69 , pp. 4159-4163
    • Yang, X.1    Popova, T.G.2    Goldberg, M.S.3    Norgard, M.V.4
  • 162
    • 0028286212 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of two methods for detecting intrathecal synthesis of burgdorferi-specific antibodies and PCR for diagnosis of Lyme neuroborreliosis
    • Zbinden R, Goldenberger D, Lucchini GM, Altwegg M: Comparison of two methods for detecting intrathecal synthesis of burgdorferi-specific antibodies and PCR for diagnosis of Lyme neuroborreliosis. J Clin Microbiol 32:1795-1798; 1994.
    • (1994) J Clin Microbiol , vol.32 , pp. 1795-1798
    • Zbinden, R.1    Goldenberger, D.2    Lucchini, G.M.3    Altwegg, M.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.