메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 12, Issue 4, 1999, Pages 633-653

Molecular typing of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato: Taxonomic, epidemiological, and clinical implications

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BACTERIAL VACCINE; RNA 16S;

EID: 0032872038     PISSN: 08938512     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/cmr.12.4.633     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (399)

References (292)
  • 1
    • 0025739973 scopus 로고
    • Phenotypic and genotypic analysis of Borrelia burgdorferi isolates from various sources
    • Adam, T., G. S. Gassmann, C. Rasiah, and U. B. Gobel. 1991. Phenotypic and genotypic analysis of Borrelia burgdorferi isolates from various sources. Infect. Immun. 59:2579-2585.
    • (1991) Infect. Immun. , vol.59 , pp. 2579-2585
    • Adam, T.1    Gassmann, G.S.2    Rasiah, C.3    Gobel, U.B.4
  • 2
    • 0029656118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of the serologic response to Borrelia burgdorferi in treated patients with culture-confirmed erythema migrans
    • Aguero-Rosenfeld, M. E., J. Nowakowski, S. Bittker, D. Cooper, R. B. Nadelman, and G. P. Wormser. 1996. Evolution of the serologic response to Borrelia burgdorferi in treated patients with culture-confirmed erythema migrans. J. Clin. Microbiol. 34:1-9.
    • (1996) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.34 , pp. 1-9
    • Aguero-Rosenfeld, M.E.1    Nowakowski, J.2    Bittker, S.3    Cooper, D.4    Nadelman, R.B.5    Wormser, G.P.6
  • 5
    • 0028365980 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for the involvement of different genospecies of Borrelia in the clinical outcome of Lyme disease in Belgium
    • Anthonissen, F. M., M. De Kesel, P. P. Hoet, and G. H. Bigaignon. 1994 Evidence for the involvement of different genospecies of Borrelia in the clinical outcome of Lyme disease in Belgium. Res Microbiol. 145:327-331.
    • (1994) Res Microbiol. , vol.145 , pp. 327-331
    • Anthonissen, F.M.1    De Kesel, M.2    Hoet, P.P.3    Bigaignon, G.H.4
  • 6
    • 0002713064 scopus 로고
    • Laboratory procedures for the epidemiologic analysis of microorganisms
    • P R. Murray, E. J. Baron, M. A. Pfaller, F. C. Tenover, and R. H Yolken (ed.), ASM Press, Washington, D.C.
    • Arbeit, R. D. 1995. Laboratory procedures for the epidemiologic analysis of microorganisms, p. 190-208. In P R. Murray, E. J. Baron, M. A. Pfaller, F. C. Tenover, and R. H Yolken (ed.), Manual of clinical microbiology, 6th ed ASM Press, Washington, D.C.
    • (1995) Manual of Clinical Microbiology, 6th Ed , pp. 190-208
    • Arbeit, R.D.1
  • 7
    • 0021683865 scopus 로고
    • The spirochetal etiology of acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans Herxheimer
    • Asbrink, E., A. Hovmark, and B. Hederstedt. 1984. The spirochetal etiology of acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans Herxheimer. Acta Dermatol. Venereol. 64:506-512.
    • (1984) Acta Dermatol. Venereol. , vol.64 , pp. 506-512
    • Asbrink, E.1    Hovmark, A.2    Hederstedt, B.3
  • 8
  • 9
    • 0027256602 scopus 로고
    • Western blot analysis of sera from Lyme borreliosis patients according to the genomic species of the Borrelia strains used as antigens
    • Assous, M. V., D. Postic, G. Paul, P. Nevot, and G. Baranton. 1993. Western blot analysis of sera from Lyme borreliosis patients according to the genomic species of the Borrelia strains used as antigens. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 12:261-268.
    • (1993) Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. , vol.12 , pp. 261-268
    • Assous, M.V.1    Postic, D.2    Paul, G.3    Nevot, P.4    Baranton, G.5
  • 11
    • 0029032419 scopus 로고
    • Association between different clinical manifestations of Lyme disease and different species of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato
    • Balmelli, T., and J. C. Piffaretti. 1995. Association between different clinical manifestations of Lyme disease and different species of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. Res. Microbiol. 146:329-340.
    • (1995) Res. Microbiol. , vol.146 , pp. 329-340
    • Balmelli, T.1    Piffaretti, J.C.2
  • 12
    • 0030070021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of the genetic polymorphism of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis
    • Balmelli, T., and J. C. Piffaretti. 1996. Analysis of the genetic polymorphism of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 46:167-172.
    • (1996) Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. , vol.46 , pp. 167-172
    • Balmelli, T.1    Piffaretti, J.C.2
  • 13
    • 0031310145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular characterisation of Lyme disease borreliae using RAPD analysis and 16S rDNA sequencing
    • Bandi, C., M, Sironi, V. Sambri, M. Fabbi, F. Solari-Basano, and C. Genchi. 1997. Molecular characterisation of Lyme disease borreliae using RAPD analysis and 16S rDNA sequencing. Ann. Ist. Super. Sanita 33:225-229.
    • (1997) Ann. Ist. Super. Sanita , vol.33 , pp. 225-229
    • Bandi, C.1    Sironi, M.2    Sambri, V.3    Fabbi, M.4    Solari-Basano, F.5    Genchi, C.6
  • 14
  • 15
    • 0023874680 scopus 로고
    • Plasmid analysis of Borrelia burgdorferi, the Lyme disease agent
    • Barbour, A. G. 1988. Plasmid analysis of Borrelia burgdorferi, the Lyme disease agent. J. Clin. Microbiol. 26:475-478.
    • (1988) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.26 , pp. 475-478
    • Barbour, A.G.1
  • 16
    • 0027170272 scopus 로고
    • The biological and social phenomenon of Lyme disease
    • Barbour, A. G., and D. Fish. 1993. The biological and social phenomenon of Lyme disease. Science 260:1610-1616.
    • (1993) Science , vol.260 , pp. 1610-1616
    • Barbour, A.G.1    Fish, D.2
  • 17
    • 0023663587 scopus 로고
    • Linear plasmids of the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi have covalently closed ends
    • Barbour, A. G., and C. F. Garon. 1987. Linear plasmids of the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi have covalently closed ends. Science 237:409-411.
    • (1987) Science , vol.237 , pp. 409-411
    • Barbour, A.G.1    Garon, C.F.2
  • 18
    • 0023013908 scopus 로고
    • Biology of Borrelia species
    • Barbour, A. G., and S. F. Hayes. 1986. Biology of Borrelia species. Microbiol. Rev. 50:381-400.
    • (1986) Microbiol. Rev. , vol.50 , pp. 381-400
    • Barbour, A.G.1    Hayes, S.F.2
  • 19
    • 0021835890 scopus 로고
    • Heterogeneity of major proteins in Lyme disease borreliae: A molecular analysis of North American and European isolates
    • Barbour, A. G., R. A. Heiland, and T. R. Howe. 1985. Heterogeneity of major proteins in Lyme disease borreliae: a molecular analysis of North American and European isolates. J. Infect Dis. 152:478-484.
    • (1985) J. Infect Dis. , vol.152 , pp. 478-484
    • Barbour, A.G.1    Heiland, R.A.2    Howe, T.R.3
  • 20
    • 0027370191 scopus 로고
    • Genomic fingerprinting of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis
    • Belfaiza, J., D. Postic, E. Bellenger, G. Baranton, and I. Saint Girons. 1993. Genomic fingerprinting of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. J. Clin. Microbiol. 31:2873-2877.
    • (1993) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.31 , pp. 2873-2877
    • Belfaiza, J.1    Postic, D.2    Bellenger, E.3    Baranton, G.4    Saint Girons, I.5
  • 21
    • 0029121523 scopus 로고
    • Ticks and Lyme disease
    • Bennett, C. E. 1995. Ticks and Lyme disease. Adv. Parasitol. 36:343-405.
    • (1995) Adv. Parasitol. , vol.36 , pp. 343-405
    • Bennett, C.E.1
  • 24
    • 0024421344 scopus 로고
    • Molecular analysis of linear plasmid-encoded major surface proteins, OspA and OspB, of the Lyme disease spirochaete Borrelia burgdorferi
    • Bergstrom, S., V. G. Bundoc, and A. G. Barbour. 1989. Molecular analysis of linear plasmid-encoded major surface proteins, OspA and OspB, of the Lyme disease spirochaete Borrelia burgdorferi. Mol. Microbiol 3:479-486
    • (1989) Mol. Microbiol , vol.3 , pp. 479-486
    • Bergstrom, S.1    Bundoc, V.G.2    Barbour, A.G.3
  • 26
    • 0026504457 scopus 로고
    • Population genetic analysis of Borrelia burgdorferi isolates by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis
    • Boerlin, P., O. Peter, A.-G. Bretz, D. Postic, G. Baranton, and J.-C. Piffaretti. 1992. Population genetic analysis of Borrelia burgdorferi isolates by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis. Infect. Immun. 60:1677-1683
    • (1992) Infect. Immun. , vol.60 , pp. 1677-1683
    • Boerlin, P.1    Peter, O.2    Bretz, A.-G.3    Postic, D.4    Baranton, G.5    Piffaretti, J.-C.6
  • 27
    • 0030418391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heterogeneity in the complement-dependent bacteriolysis within the species of Borrelia burgdorferi
    • Berlin
    • Breitner-Ruddock, S., R. Wurzner, J. Schulze, and V. Brade. 1997. Heterogeneity in the complement-dependent bacteriolysis within the species of Borrelia burgdorferi. Med Microbiol. Immunol. (Berlin) 185:253-260.
    • (1997) Med Microbiol. Immunol. , vol.185 , pp. 253-260
    • Breitner-Ruddock, S.1    Wurzner, R.2    Schulze, J.3    Brade, V.4
  • 28
    • 0026722173 scopus 로고
    • Lyme disease in California: A novel enzootic transmission cycle of Borrelia burgdorferi
    • Brown, R. N., and R. S. Lane. 1992. Lyme disease in California: a novel enzootic transmission cycle of Borrelia burgdorferi. Science 256:1439-1442
    • (1992) Science , vol.256 , pp. 1439-1442
    • Brown, R.N.1    Lane, R.S.2
  • 29
    • 0029830332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surface exposure and species specificity of an immunoreactive domain of a 66-kilodalton outer membrane protein (P66) of the Borrelia spp. that cause Lyme disease
    • Bunikis, J., L. Noppa, Y. Ostberg, A. G. Barbour, and S. Bergstrom. 1996. Surface exposure and species specificity of an immunoreactive domain of a 66-kilodalton outer membrane protein (P66) of the Borrelia spp. that cause Lyme disease. Infect Immun. 64:5111-5116.
    • (1996) Infect Immun. , vol.64 , pp. 5111-5116
    • Bunikis, J.1    Noppa, L.2    Ostberg, Y.3    Barbour, A.G.4    Bergstrom, S.5
  • 30
    • 0028997578 scopus 로고
    • Variable serum immunoglobulin responses against different Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato species in a population at risk for and patients with Lyme disease
    • Bunikis, J., B. Olsen, G. Westman, and S. Bergstroom. 1995. Variable serum immunoglobulin responses against different Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato species in a population at risk for and patients with Lyme disease. J. Clin Microbiol. 33:1473-1478.
    • (1995) J. Clin Microbiol. , vol.33 , pp. 1473-1478
    • Bunikis, J.1    Olsen, B.2    Westman, G.3    Bergstroom, S.4
  • 33
    • 0029963104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three species of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (B. burgdorferi sensu stricto, B. afzelii, and B. garinii) identified from cerebrospinal fluid isolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and PCR
    • Busch, U., C. Hizo-Teufel, R. Boehmer, V. Fingerle, H. Nitschko, B. Wilske, and V. Preac-Mursic. 1996. Three species of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (B. burgdorferi sensu stricto, B. afzelii, and B. garinii) identified from cerebrospinal fluid isolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and PCR. J. Clin. Microbiol 34:1072-1078.
    • (1996) J. Clin. Microbiol , vol.34 , pp. 1072-1078
    • Busch, U.1    Hizo-Teufel, C.2    Boehmer, R.3    Fingerle, V.4    Nitschko, H.5    Wilske, B.6    Preac-Mursic, V.7
  • 34
    • 0030484522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato strains isolatec from cutaneous Lyme borreliosis biopsies differentiated by pulsed-field ge electrophoresis
    • Busch, U., C. Hizo-Teufel, R. Bohmer, V. Fingerle, D. Rossler, B. Wilske, and V. Preac-Mursic. 1996. Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato strains isolatec from cutaneous Lyme borreliosis biopsies differentiated by pulsed-field ge electrophoresis. Scand. J Infect. Dis. 28:583-589.
    • (1996) Scand. J Infect. Dis. , vol.28 , pp. 583-589
    • Busch, U.1    Hizo-Teufel, C.2    Bohmer, R.3    Fingerle, V.4    Rossler, D.5    Wilske, B.6    Preac-Mursic, V.7
  • 35
    • 0027170535 scopus 로고
    • Monoclonal antibodies for identification of Borrelia afzelii sp nov. associated with late cutaneous manifestations of Lyme borreliosis Scand
    • Canica, M. M., F. Nato, L. du Merle, J. C. Mazie, G. Baranton, and D Postic. 1993. Monoclonal antibodies for identification of Borrelia afzelii sp nov. associated with late cutaneous manifestations of Lyme borreliosis Scand. J. Infect Dis 25:441-448
    • (1993) J. Infect Dis , vol.25 , pp. 441-448
    • Canica, M.M.1    Nato, F.2    Du Merle, L.3    Mazie, J.C.4    Baranton, G.5    Postic, D.6
  • 36
    • 0029012858 scopus 로고
    • Linear chromosomes of Lyme disease agent spirochetes: Genetic diversit and conservation of gene order
    • Casjens, S., M. Delange, H. L. Ley III, P. Rosa, and W. M. Huang. 1995 Linear chromosomes of Lyme disease agent spirochetes: genetic diversit and conservation of gene order J. Bacteriol. 177:2769-2780.
    • (1995) J. Bacteriol. , vol.177 , pp. 2769-2780
    • Casjens, S.1    Delange, M.2    Ley III, H.L.3    Rosa, P.4    Huang, W.M.5
  • 37
    • 0027281173 scopus 로고
    • Linear chromosomal physical an genetic map of Borrelia burgdorferi, the Lyme disease agent
    • Casjens, S., and W. M. Huang. 1993. Linear chromosomal physical an genetic map of Borrelia burgdorferi, the Lyme disease agent. Mol. Microbic 8:967-980.
    • (1993) Mol. Microbic , vol.8 , pp. 967-980
    • Casjens, S.1    Huang, W.M.2
  • 38
    • 0031012029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 199 Homology throughout the multiple 32-kilobase circular plasmids present in Lyme disease spirochetes
    • Casjens, S., R. van Vugt, K. Tilly, P. A. Rosa, and B. Stevenson. 199 Homology throughout the multiple 32-kilobase circular plasmids present in Lyme disease spirochetes. J. Bacteriol. 179:217-227.
    • J. Bacteriol. , vol.179 , pp. 217-227
    • Casjens, S.1    Van Vugt, R.2    Tilly, K.3    Rosa, P.A.4    Stevenson, B.5
  • 39
    • 0032435639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DbpA, but not OspA, is expressed by Borrelia burgdorferi during spirochetemia and is a target for protective antibodies
    • Cassatt, D. R., N. K. Patel, N. D. Ulbrandt, and M. S. Hanson. 1998. DbpA, but not OspA, is expressed by Borrelia burgdorferi during spirochetemia and is a target for protective antibodies. Infect. Immun. 66:5379-5387.
    • (1998) Infect. Immun. , vol.66 , pp. 5379-5387
    • Cassatt, D.R.1    Patel, N.K.2    Ulbrandt, N.D.3    Hanson, M.S.4
  • 40
    • 0029642016 scopus 로고
    • Recommendations for test performance and interpretation from the second national conference on serologic diagnosis of Lyme disease Morbid
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1995. Recommendations for test performance and interpretation from the second national conference on serologic diagnosis of Lyme disease Morbid. Mortal. Weekly Rep. 44:590-591.
    • (1995) Mortal. Weekly Rep. , vol.44 , pp. 590-591
  • 41
    • 0031566340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lyme disease - United States, 1996
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1997. Lyme disease - United States, 1996. Morbid. Mortal. Weekly Rep. 46:531-535.
    • (1997) Morbid. Mortal. Weekly Rep. , vol.46 , pp. 531-535
  • 42
    • 0039109354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Availability of Lyme disease vaccine
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1999. Availability of Lyme disease vaccine. Morbid. Mortal. Weekly Rep. 48:35-36, 43.
    • (1999) Morbid. Mortal. Weekly Rep. , vol.48 , pp. 35-36
  • 43
    • 0027418852 scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology and clinical manifestations of Lyme borreliosis in childhood. A prospective multicentre study with special regard to neuroborreliosis
    • Christen, H. J., F. Hanefeld, H. Eiffert, and R. Thomssen. 1993. Epidemiology and clinical manifestations of Lyme borreliosis in childhood. A prospective multicentre study with special regard to neuroborreliosis Acta Paediatr Suppl. 386:1-75.
    • (1993) Acta Paediatr Suppl. , vol.386 , pp. 1-75
    • Christen, H.J.1    Hanefeld, F.2    Eiffert, H.3    Thomssen, R.4
  • 46
    • 0031666904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relative frequency of Lyme borreliosis of its clinical manifestations in Europe
    • Cimmino, M. A. 1998. Relative frequency of Lyme borreliosis of its clinical manifestations in Europe. Infection 26:298-300.
    • (1998) Infection , vol.26 , pp. 298-300
    • Cimmino, M.A.1
  • 48
    • 0031746948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rate of infection of Ixodes ricinus ticks with Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, Borrelia gannu, Borrelia afzelii and group VS116 in an endemic focus of Lyme disease in Italy
    • Cinco, M., D. Padovan, R. Murgia, L. Poldini, L. Frusteri, I. van de Pol, K. N. Verbeek-De, S. G. Rijpkema, and M. Maroli. 1998. Rate of infection of Ixodes ricinus ticks with Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, Borrelia gannu, Borrelia afzelii and group VS116 in an endemic focus of Lyme disease in Italy. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol Infect. Dis. 17:90-94.
    • (1998) Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol Infect. Dis. , vol.17 , pp. 90-94
    • Cinco, M.1    Padovan, D.2    Murgia, R.3    Poldini, L.4    Frusteri, L.5    Van De Pol, I.6    Verbeek-De, K.N.7    Rijpkema, S.G.8    Maroli, M.9
  • 49
    • 0028062089 scopus 로고
    • Diverse Lyme disease spirochetes bind integrin alpha IIb beta 3 on human platelets
    • Coburn, J., S. W. Barthold, and J. M. Leong. 1994. Diverse Lyme disease spirochetes bind integrin alpha IIb beta 3 on human platelets. Infect Immun. 62:5559-5567.
    • (1994) Infect Immun. , vol.62 , pp. 5559-5567
    • Coburn, J.1    Barthold, S.W.2    Leong, J.M.3
  • 51
    • 0026717210 scopus 로고
    • Physical map of the linear chromosome of the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi 212, a causative agent of Lyme disease, and localization of rRNA genes
    • Davidson, B. E., J. MacDougall, and I. Saint Girons. 1992. Physical map of the linear chromosome of the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi 212, a causative agent of Lyme disease, and localization of rRNA genes. J. Bacteriol. 174:3766-3774.
    • (1992) J. Bacteriol. , vol.174 , pp. 3766-3774
    • Davidson, B.E.1    MacDougall, J.2    Saint Girons, I.3
  • 53
    • 0032161789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reported distribution of Ixodes scapularis and Ixodes pacificus (Acari: Ixodidae) in the United States
    • Dennis, D. T., T. S. Nekomoto, J. C. Victor, W. S. Paul, and J. Piesman. 1998. Reported distribution of Ixodes scapularis and Ixodes pacificus (Acari: Ixodidae) in the United States. J. Med. Entomol. 35:629-638.
    • (1998) J. Med. Entomol. , vol.35 , pp. 629-638
    • Dennis, D.T.1    Nekomoto, T.S.2    Victor, J.C.3    Paul, W.S.4    Piesman, J.5
  • 54
    • 0030025949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Borrelia burgdorferi OspA is an arthropod-specific transmission-blocking Lyme disease vaccine
    • de Silva, A. M., S. R. 3. Telford, L. R. Brunet, S. W. Barthold, and E. Fikrig. 1996. Borrelia burgdorferi OspA is an arthropod-specific transmission-blocking Lyme disease vaccine. J. Exp. Med. 183:271-275.
    • (1996) J. Exp. Med. , vol.183 , pp. 271-275
    • Silva, A.M.1    Telford, S.R.2    Brunet, L.R.3    Barthold, S.W.4    Fikrig, E.5
  • 55
    • 0023134510 scopus 로고
    • Reservoir competence of white-footed mice for Lyme disease spirochetes
    • Donahue, J. G., J. Piesman, and A. Spielman. 1987. Reservoir competence of white-footed mice for Lyme disease spirochetes. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 36:92-96.
    • (1987) Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.36 , pp. 92-96
    • Donahue, J.G.1    Piesman, J.2    Spielman, A.3
  • 56
    • 0028057790 scopus 로고
    • Antibody responses to the three genomic groups of Borrelia burgdorferi in European Lyme borreliosis
    • Dressler, F., R. Ackermann, and A. C. Steere. 1994. Antibody responses to the three genomic groups of Borrelia burgdorferi in European Lyme borreliosis. J. Infect. Dis. 169:313-318.
    • (1994) J. Infect. Dis. , vol.169 , pp. 313-318
    • Dressler, F.1    Ackermann, R.2    Steere, A.C.3
  • 61
    • 0025202254 scopus 로고
    • Protection of mice against the Lyme disease agent by immunizing with recombinant OspA
    • Fikrig, E., S. W. Barthold, F. S. Kantor, and R. A. Flavell. 1990. Protection of mice against the Lyme disease agent by immunizing with recombinant OspA. Science 250:553-556
    • (1990) Science , vol.250 , pp. 553-556
    • Fikrig, E.1    Barthold, S.W.2    Kantor, F.S.3    Flavell, R.A.4
  • 62
    • 0030983397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Borrelia burgdorferi P35 and P37 proteins, expressed in vivo, elicit protective immunity
    • Fikrig, E., S. W. Barthold, W. Sun, W. Feng, S. R. Telford, and R. A. Flavell. 1997. Borrelia burgdorferi P35 and P37 proteins, expressed in vivo, elicit protective immunity. Immunity 6:531-539.
    • (1997) Immunity , vol.6 , pp. 531-539
    • Fikrig, E.1    Barthold, S.W.2    Sun, W.3    Feng, W.4    Telford, S.R.5    Flavell, R.A.6
  • 64
    • 0031022622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogenetic analysis of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto by arbitrarily primed PCR and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis
    • Foretz, M., D. Postic, and G. Baranton. 1997. Phylogenetic analysis of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto by arbitrarily primed PCR and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 47:11-18.
    • (1997) Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. , vol.47 , pp. 11-18
    • Foretz, M.1    Postic, D.2    Baranton, G.3
  • 66
    • 0029152182 scopus 로고
    • Outer surface protein C gene sequence analysis of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato isolates from Japan
    • Fukunaga, M., and A. Hamase. 1995. Outer surface protein C gene sequence analysis of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato isolates from Japan. J. Clin. Microbiol. 33:2415-2420.
    • (1995) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.33 , pp. 2415-2420
    • Fukunaga, M.1    Hamase, A.2
  • 67
    • 0029987674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of spirochetes isolated from ticks (Ixodes tanuki, Ixodes turdus, and Ixodes columnae) and comparison of the sequences with those of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato strains
    • Fukunaga, M., A. Hamase, K. Okada, H. Inoue, Y. Tsuruta, K. Miyamoto, and M. Nakao. 1996. Characterization of spirochetes isolated from ticks (Ixodes tanuki, Ixodes turdus, and Ixodes columnae) and comparison of the sequences with those of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato strains. Appl Environ. Microbiol. 62:2338-2344.
    • (1996) Appl Environ. Microbiol. , vol.62 , pp. 2338-2344
    • Fukunaga, M.1    Hamase, A.2    Okada, K.3    Inoue, H.4    Tsuruta, Y.5    Miyamoto, K.6    Nakao, M.7
  • 68
    • 0030471903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Borrelia tanukii sp. nov. and Borrelia turdae sp. nov. found from ixodid ticks in Japan: Rapid species identification by 16S rRNA gene-targeted PCR analysis
    • Fukunaga, M., A. Hamase, K. Okada, and M. Nakao. 1996. Borrelia tanukii sp. nov. and Borrelia turdae sp. nov. found from ixodid ticks in Japan: rapid species identification by 16S rRNA gene-targeted PCR analysis. Microbiol. Immunol. 40:877-881.
    • (1996) Microbiol. Immunol. , vol.40 , pp. 877-881
    • Fukunaga, M.1    Hamase, A.2    Okada, K.3    Nakao, M.4
  • 69
    • 0029911644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A phylogenetic analysis of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato isolates associated with Lyme disease in Japan by flagellin gene sequence determination
    • Fukunaga, M., and Y. Koreki. 1996. A phylogenetic analysis of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato isolates associated with Lyme disease in Japan by flagellin gene sequence determination. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 46:416-421.
    • (1996) Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. , vol.46 , pp. 416-421
    • Fukunaga, M.1    Koreki, Y.2
  • 70
    • 0029836887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogenetic analysis of Borrelia species based on flagellin gene sequences and its application for molecular typing of Lyme disease borreliae
    • Fukunaga, M., K. Okada, M. Nakao, T. Konishi, and Y. Sato. 1996. Phylogenetic analysis of Borrelia species based on flagellin gene sequences and its application for molecular typing of Lyme disease borreliae. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 46:898-905.
    • (1996) Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. , vol.46 , pp. 898-905
    • Fukunaga, M.1    Okada, K.2    Nakao, M.3    Konishi, T.4    Sato, Y.5
  • 71
    • 0027179418 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of Borrelia species associated with Lyme disease by rRNA gene restriction fragment length polymorphism
    • Fukunaga, M., M. Sohnaka, and Y. Yanagihara. 1993. Analysis of Borrelia species associated with Lyme disease by rRNA gene restriction fragment length polymorphism. J. Gen. Microbiol. 139:1141-1146.
    • (1993) J. Gen. Microbiol. , vol.139 , pp. 1141-1146
    • Fukunaga, M.1    Sohnaka, M.2    Yanagihara, Y.3
  • 72
    • 0028108396 scopus 로고
    • Pulsed field gel electrophoresis analysis of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato isolated in Japan and taxonomic implications with Lyme disease spirochetes
    • Fukunaga, M., and Y. Takahashi. 1994. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis analysis of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato isolated in Japan and taxonomic implications with Lyme disease spirochetes. Microbiol. Immunol. 38:747-751
    • (1994) Microbiol. Immunol. , vol.38 , pp. 747-751
    • Fukunaga, M.1    Takahashi, Y.2
  • 73
    • 0026534551 scopus 로고
    • The 23S/5S ribosomal RNA genes (rrl/rrf) are separate from the 16S ribosomal RNA gene (rrs) in Borrelia burgdorferi, the aetiological agent of Lyme disease
    • Fukunaga, M., Y. Yanagihara, and M. Sohnaka. 1992. The 23S/5S ribosomal RNA genes (rrl/rrf) are separate from the 16S ribosomal RNA gene (rrs) in Borrelia burgdorferi, the aetiological agent of Lyme disease. J. Gen. Microbiol. 138:871-877.
    • (1992) J. Gen. Microbiol. , vol.138 , pp. 871-877
    • Fukunaga, M.1    Yanagihara, Y.2    Sohnaka, M.3
  • 74
    • 0028026934 scopus 로고
    • Humoral immune response to outer surface protein C of Borrelia burgdorferi in Lyme disease, role of the immunoglobulin M response in the serodiagnosis of early infection
    • Fung, B. P., G. L. McHugh, J. M. Leong, and A. C. Steere. 1994. Humoral immune response to outer surface protein C of Borrelia burgdorferi in Lyme disease, role of the immunoglobulin M response in the serodiagnosis of early infection. Infect. Immun. 62:3213-3221.
    • (1994) Infect. Immun. , vol.62 , pp. 3213-3221
    • Fung, B.P.1    McHugh, G.L.2    Leong, J.M.3    Steere, A.C.4
  • 76
    • 0025973276 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of the Borrelia burgdorferi GeHo fla gene and antigenic characterization of its gene product
    • Gassmann, G. S., E. Jacobs, R. Deutzmann, and U. B. Gobel. 1991. Analysis of the Borrelia burgdorferi GeHo fla gene and antigenic characterization of its gene product. J. Bacteriol. 173:1452-1459.
    • (1991) J. Bacteriol. , vol.173 , pp. 1452-1459
    • Gassmann, G.S.1    Jacobs, E.2    Deutzmann, R.3    Gobel, U.B.4
  • 77
    • 0028059588 scopus 로고
    • Sequence analysis of the ribosomal RNA operon of the Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi
    • Gazumyan, A., J. J. Schwartz, D. Liveris, and I. Schwartz. 1994. Sequence analysis of the ribosomal RNA operon of the Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi. Gene 146:57-65.
    • (1994) Gene , vol.146 , pp. 57-65
    • Gazumyan, A.1    Schwartz, J.J.2    Liveris, D.3    Schwartz, I.4
  • 78
    • 0031004329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular characterization of a large Borrelia burgdorferi motility operon which is initiated by a consensus sigma70 promoter
    • Ge, Y., I. G. Old, I. Saint Girons, and N. W. Charon. 1997. Molecular characterization of a large Borrelia burgdorferi motility operon which is initiated by a consensus sigma70 promoter. J. Bacteriol. 179:2289-2299.
    • (1997) J. Bacteriol. , vol.179 , pp. 2289-2299
    • Ge, Y.1    Old, I.G.2    Saint Girons, I.3    Charon, N.W.4
  • 80
    • 0002846783 scopus 로고
    • The ecology of Lyme borreliosis in Europe
    • K. Weber and W. Burgdorfer (ed.), Springer-Verlag KG, Berlin, Germany
    • Gern, L., W. Burgdorfer, A. Aeschlimann, and H. E. Krampitz. 1993. The ecology of Lyme borreliosis in Europe, p. 59-69. In K. Weber and W. Burgdorfer (ed.), Aspects of Lyme borreliosis. Springer-Verlag KG, Berlin, Germany.
    • (1993) Aspects of Lyme Borreliosis , pp. 59-69
    • Gern, L.1    Burgdorfer, W.2    Aeschlimann, A.3    Krampitz, H.E.4
  • 82
    • 0030756761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunization with a polyvalent OspA vaccine protects mice against Ixodes ricinus tick bites infected by Borrelia burgdorferi ss, Borrelia garinii and Borrelia afzelii
    • Gern, L., C. M. Hu, P. Voet, P. Hauser, and Y. Lobet. 1997. Immunization with a polyvalent OspA vaccine protects mice against Ixodes ricinus tick bites infected by Borrelia burgdorferi ss, Borrelia garinii and Borrelia afzelii. Vaccine 15:1551-1557.
    • (1997) Vaccine , vol.15 , pp. 1551-1557
    • Gern, L.1    Hu, C.M.2    Voet, P.3    Hauser, P.4    Lobet, Y.5
  • 83
    • 0032561802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural history of Borrelta burgdorferi sensu lato
    • Gern, L., and P. F. Humair. 1998. Natural history of Borrelta burgdorferi sensu lato. Wien. Klin. Wochenschr. 110:856-858.
    • (1998) Wien. Klin. Wochenschr. , vol.110 , pp. 856-858
    • Gern, L.1    Humair, P.F.2
  • 84
    • 0029678646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficient transmission of Borrelia burgdorferi between cofeeding Ixodes ricinus ticks (Acari Ixodidae)
    • Gern, L., and O. Rais. 1996. Efficient transmission of Borrelia burgdorferi between cofeeding Ixodes ricinus ticks (Acari Ixodidae). J. Med. Entomol. 33:189-192.
    • (1996) J. Med. Entomol. , vol.33 , pp. 189-192
    • Gern, L.1    Rais, O.2
  • 86
    • 0031617199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiologic, ecologic and clinical characteristics of Lyme borreliosis in northwest Croatia
    • Golublc, D., S. G. Rijpkema, N. Tkalec-Makovec, and E. Ruzic. 1998. Epidemiologic, ecologic and clinical characteristics of Lyme borreliosis in northwest Croatia. Acta Med. Croat. 52:7-13.
    • (1998) Acta Med. Croat. , vol.52 , pp. 7-13
    • Golublc, D.1    Rijpkema, S.G.2    Tkalec-Makovec, N.3    Ruzic, E.4
  • 87
    • 0028837273 scopus 로고
    • Selecting the language of the publications included in a meta-analysis: Is there a Tower of Babel bias?
    • Gregoire, G., F. Derderian, and J. Le Lorier. 1995. Selecting the language of the publications included in a meta-analysis: is there a Tower of Babel bias? J. Clin. Epidemiol. 48:159-163.
    • (1995) J. Clin. Epidemiol. , vol.48 , pp. 159-163
    • Gregoire, G.1    Derderian, F.2    Le Lorier, J.3
  • 89
  • 90
    • 0030958814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroborreliosis: Central nervous system involvement
    • Halperin, J. J. 1997. Neuroborreliosis: central nervous system involvement. Semin. Neurol. 17:19-24.
    • (1997) Semin. Neurol. , vol.17 , pp. 19-24
    • Halperin, J.J.1
  • 91
    • 0029876164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Practice parameters for the diagnosis of patients with nervous system Lyme borreliosis
    • Halperin, J. J., E. L. Logigian, M. F. Finkel, and R. A. Pearl. 1996. Practice parameters for the diagnosis of patients with nervous system Lyme borreliosis. Neurology 46:619-627.
    • (1996) Neurology , vol.46 , pp. 619-627
    • Halperin, J.J.1    Logigian, E.L.2    Finkel, M.F.3    Pearl, R.A.4
  • 92
    • 0026692078 scopus 로고
    • The clinical and epidemiological profile of Lyme neuroborreliosis in Denmark 1985-1990. A prospective study of 187 patients with Borrelia burgdorferi specific intrathecal antibody production
    • Hansen, K., and A. M. Lebech. 1992. The clinical and epidemiological profile of Lyme neuroborreliosis in Denmark 1985-1990. A prospective study of 187 patients with Borrelia burgdorferi specific intrathecal antibody production. Brain 115:399-423.
    • (1992) Brain , vol.115 , pp. 399-423
    • Hansen, K.1    Lebech, A.M.2
  • 93
    • 0031925530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Active and passive immunity against Borrelia burgdorferi decorin binding protein A (DbpA) protects against infection
    • Hanson, M. S., D. R. Cassatt, B. P. Guo, N. K. Patel, M. P. McCarthy, D. W. Dorward, and M. Hook. 1998. Active and passive immunity against Borrelia burgdorferi decorin binding protein A (DbpA) protects against infection. Infect. Immun. 66:2143-2153.
    • (1998) Infect. Immun. , vol.66 , pp. 2143-2153
    • Hanson, M.S.1    Cassatt, D.R.2    Guo, B.P.3    Patel, N.K.4    McCarthy, M.P.5    Dorward, D.W.6    Hook, M.7
  • 94
    • 0031985196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of strain heterogeneity on Lyme disease serology in Europe: Comparison of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays using different species of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato
    • Hauser, U., H. Krahl, H. Peters, V. Fingerle, and B. Wilske. 1998. Impact of strain heterogeneity on Lyme disease serology in Europe: comparison of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays using different species of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. J. Clin. Microbiol 36:427-436.
    • (1998) J. Clin. Microbiol , vol.36 , pp. 427-436
    • Hauser, U.1    Krahl, H.2    Peters, H.3    Fingerle, V.4    Wilske, B.5
  • 95
    • 0031001768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interpretation criteria for standardized Western blots for three European species of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato
    • Hauser, U., G. Lehnert, R. Lobentanzer, and B. Wilske. 1997. Interpretation criteria for standardized Western blots for three European species of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. J. Clin. Microbiol. 35:1433-1444.
    • (1997) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.35 , pp. 1433-1444
    • Hauser, U.1    Lehnert, G.2    Lobentanzer, R.3    Wilske, B.4
  • 96
    • 0030725876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays with recombinant internal flagellin fragments derived from different species of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato for the serodiagnosis of Lyme neuroborrehosis
    • Berlin
    • Hauser, U., and B. Wilske. 1997. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays with recombinant internal flagellin fragments derived from different species of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato for the serodiagnosis of Lyme neuroborrehosis. Med. Microbiol. Immunol (Berlin) 186:145-151.
    • (1997) Med. Microbiol. Immunol , vol.186 , pp. 145-151
    • Hauser, U.1    Wilske, B.2
  • 97
    • 0029982597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recommendation to include OspA and OspB in the new immunoblotting criteria for serodiagnosis of Lyme disease
    • Hilton, E., J. Devoti, and S. Sood. 1996. Recommendation to include OspA and OspB in the new immunoblotting criteria for serodiagnosis of Lyme disease. J. Clin Microbiol. 34:1353-1354.
    • (1996) J. Clin Microbiol. , vol.34 , pp. 1353-1354
    • Hilton, E.1    Devoti, J.2    Sood, S.3
  • 98
    • 0026703218 scopus 로고
    • Linear- and circular-plasmid copy numbers in Borrelia burgdorferi
    • Hinnebusch, J., and A. G. Barbour. 1992. Linear- and circular-plasmid copy numbers in Borrelia burgdorferi J. Bacteriol. 174:5251-5257.
    • (1992) J. Bacteriol. , vol.174 , pp. 5251-5257
    • Hinnebusch, J.1    Barbour, A.G.2
  • 99
    • 0030449980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lyme borreliosis - Problems of serological diagnosis
    • Hofmann, H. 1996. Lyme borreliosis - problems of serological diagnosis. Infection 24:470-472.
    • (1996) Infection , vol.24 , pp. 470-472
    • Hofmann, H.1
  • 100
    • 0026763970 scopus 로고
    • Changes m the protein profile and antigenicity of different Borrelia burgdorferi strains after reintroduction to Ixodes ricinus ticks
    • Hu, C. M., L. Gern, and A. Aeschlimann. 1992. Changes m the protein profile and antigenicity of different Borrelia burgdorferi strains after reintroduction to Ixodes ricinus ticks. Parasite Immunol. 14:415-427.
    • (1992) Parasite Immunol. , vol.14 , pp. 415-427
    • Hu, C.M.1    Gern, L.2    Aeschlimann, A.3
  • 101
    • 0031456680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribution of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato genomic groups in Europe, a review Eur
    • Hubalek, Z., and J. Halouzka. 1997. Distribution of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato genomic groups in Europe, a review Eur. J. Epidemiol. 13:951-957
    • (1997) J. Epidemiol. , vol.13 , pp. 951-957
    • Hubalek, Z.1    Halouzka, J.2
  • 102
    • 0031906712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence rates of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in host-seeking Ixodes ricinus ticks in Europe
    • Hubalek, Z., and J. Halouzka. 1998. Prevalence rates of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in host-seeking Ixodes ricinus ticks in Europe. Parasitol Res. 84:167-172.
    • (1998) Parasitol Res. , vol.84 , pp. 167-172
    • Hubalek, Z.1    Halouzka, J.2
  • 104
    • 0029334703 scopus 로고
    • Strain variation of Lyme disease spirochetes isolated from Ixodes ricinus ticks and rodents collected in two endemic areas in Switzerland
    • Humair, P. F., O. Peter, R. Wallich, and L. Gern. 1995. Strain variation of Lyme disease spirochetes isolated from Ixodes ricinus ticks and rodents collected in two endemic areas in Switzerland. J. Med. Entomol. 32:433-438.
    • (1995) J. Med. Entomol. , vol.32 , pp. 433-438
    • Humair, P.F.1    Peter, O.2    Wallich, R.3    Gern, L.4
  • 105
    • 0032078404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An avian reservoir (Turdus merula) of the Lyme borreliosis spirochetes
    • Humair, P. F., D. Postic, R. Wallich, and L. Gern. 1998. An avian reservoir (Turdus merula) of the Lyme borreliosis spirochetes. Zentbl. Bakteriol. 287:521-538.
    • (1998) Zentbl. Bakteriol. , vol.287 , pp. 521-538
    • Humair, P.F.1    Postic, D.2    Wallich, R.3    Gern, L.4
  • 106
    • 0032945027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transmission of Borrelia afzelii from Apodemus mice and Clethrionomys voles to Ixodes ricinus ticks: Differential transmission pattern and overwintering maintenance
    • Humair, P. F., O. Rais, and L. Gern. 1999. Transmission of Borrelia afzelii from Apodemus mice and Clethrionomys voles to Ixodes ricinus ticks: differential transmission pattern and overwintering maintenance. Parasitology 118:33-42.
    • (1999) Parasitology , vol.118 , pp. 33-42
    • Humair, P.F.1    Rais, O.2    Gern, L.3
  • 107
    • 0023813361 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of a circular plasmid from Borrelia burgdorferi, etiologic agent of Lyme disease
    • Hyde, F. W., and R. C. Johnson. 1988. Characterization of a circular plasmid from Borrelia burgdorferi, etiologic agent of Lyme disease. J. Clin. Microbiol. 26:2203-2205.
    • (1988) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.26 , pp. 2203-2205
    • Hyde, F.W.1    Johnson, R.C.2
  • 108
    • 34547650069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validation of the publication of new names and new combinations previously effectively published outside the IJSB
    • International Union of Microbiological Societies. 1998. Validation of the publication of new names and new combinations previously effectively published outside the IJSB. Int. J. Syst Bacteriol. 47:1274.
    • (1998) Int. J. Syst Bacteriol. , vol.47 , pp. 1274
  • 109
    • 0029000733 scopus 로고
    • Molecular analysis of genes encoding outer surface protein C (OspC) of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato: Relationship to ospA genotype and evidence of lateral gene exchange of ospC
    • Jauris-Heipke, S., G. Liegl, V. Preac-Mursic, D. Rössler, E. Schwab, E. Soutschek, G. Will, and B. Wilske. 1995. Molecular analysis of genes encoding outer surface protein C (OspC) of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato: Relationship to ospA genotype and evidence of lateral gene exchange of ospC. J. Clin. Microbiol. 33:1860-1866.
    • (1995) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.33 , pp. 1860-1866
    • Jauris-Heipke, S.1    Liegl, G.2    Preac-Mursic, V.3    Rössler, D.4    Schwab, E.5    Soutschek, E.6    Will, G.7    Wilske, B.8
  • 111
    • 0021227430 scopus 로고
    • Borrelia burgdorferi sp. nov.: Etiological agent of Lyme disease
    • Johnson, R. C. 1984. Borrelia burgdorferi sp. nov.: etiological agent of Lyme disease. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 34:496-497.
    • (1984) Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. , vol.34 , pp. 496-497
    • Johnson, R.C.1
  • 112
    • 0023025241 scopus 로고
    • Active immunization of hamsters against experimental infection with Borrelia burgdorferi
    • Johnson, R. C., C. Kodner, and M. Russell. 1986. Active immunization of hamsters against experimental infection with Borrelia burgdorferi. Infect. Immun. 54:897-898.
    • (1986) Infect. Immun. , vol.54 , pp. 897-898
    • Johnson, R.C.1    Kodner, C.2    Russell, M.3
  • 113
    • 0027987842 scopus 로고
    • Variable CSF findings in early and late Lyme neuroborreliosis: A follow-up study in 47 patients
    • Kaiser, R. 1994 Variable CSF findings in early and late Lyme neuroborreliosis: a follow-up study in 47 patients. J. Neurol. 242:26-36.
    • (1994) J. Neurol. , vol.242 , pp. 26-36
    • Kaiser, R.1
  • 114
    • 0031947410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infectivity and arthritis induction of Borrelia japonica on SCID mice and immune competent mice: Possible role of galactosylceramide binding activity on initiation of infection
    • Kaneda, K., T. Masuzawa, M. M. Simon, E. Isogai, H. Isogai, K. Yasugami, T. Suzuki, Y. Suzuki, and Y. Yanagihara. 1998. Infectivity and arthritis induction of Borrelia japonica on SCID mice and immune competent mice: possible role of galactosylceramide binding activity on initiation of infection. Microbiol. Immunol. 42:171-175.
    • (1998) Microbiol. Immunol. , vol.42 , pp. 171-175
    • Kaneda, K.1    Masuzawa, T.2    Simon, M.M.3    Isogai, E.4    Isogai, H.5    Yasugami, K.6    Suzuki, T.7    Suzuki, Y.8    Yanagihara, Y.9
  • 115
    • 0024355973 scopus 로고
    • Late cutaneous Lyme disease: Acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans
    • Kaufman, L. D., B. L. Gruber, M. E. Phillips, and J. L. Benach. 1989. Late cutaneous Lyme disease: acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans. Am. J. Med. 86:828-830.
    • (1989) Am. J. Med. , vol.86 , pp. 828-830
    • Kaufman, L.D.1    Gruber, B.L.2    Phillips, M.E.3    Benach, J.L.4
  • 116
    • 0027769425 scopus 로고
    • Genomic analysis of Borrelia japonica sp. nov. isolated from Ixodes ovatus in Japan
    • Kawabata, H., T. Masuzawa, and Y. Yanagihara. 1993. Genomic analysis of Borrelia japonica sp. nov. isolated from Ixodes ovatus in Japan. Microbiol. Immunol. 37:843-848.
    • (1993) Microbiol. Immunol. , vol.37 , pp. 843-848
    • Kawabata, H.1    Masuzawa, T.2    Yanagihara, Y.3
  • 117
    • 0031019241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Local variations in the distribution and prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato genomospecies in Ixodes ricinus ticks
    • Kirstein, F., S. G. Rijpkema, M. Molkenboer, and J. S. Gray. 1997. Local variations in the distribution and prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato genomospecies in Ixodes ricinus ticks Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 63: 1102-1106.
    • (1997) Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , vol.63 , pp. 1102-1106
    • Kirstein, F.1    Rijpkema, S.G.2    Molkenboer, M.3    Gray, J.S.4
  • 118
    • 0031043173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The distribution and prevalence of B. burgdorferi genomospecies in Ixodes ricinus ticks in Ireland
    • Kirstein, F., S. G. Rijpkema, M. Molkenboer, and J. S. Gray. 1997 The distribution and prevalence of B. burgdorferi genomospecies in Ixodes ricinus ticks in Ireland Eur. J. Epidemiol. 13:67-72.
    • (1997) Eur. J. Epidemiol. , vol.13 , pp. 67-72
    • Kirstein, F.1    Rijpkema, S.G.2    Molkenboer, M.3    Gray, J.S.4
  • 119
    • 0030100057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The outer surface protein a (OspA) of Borrelia burgdorferi: A vaccine candidate and bioactive mediator
    • Kramer, M. D., R. Wallich, and M. M. Simon. 1996. The outer surface protein A (OspA) of Borrelia burgdorferi: a vaccine candidate and bioactive mediator. Infection 24:190-194
    • (1996) Infection , vol.24 , pp. 190-194
    • Kramer, M.D.1    Wallich, R.2    Simon, M.M.3
  • 120
    • 0041674853 scopus 로고
    • Chronic peripheral neuropathy
    • K. Weber and W. Burgdorfer (ed), Springer-Verlag KG, Berlin, Germany.
    • Kristoferitsch, W. 1993. Chronic peripheral neuropathy, p. 205-218 In K. Weber and W. Burgdorfer (ed), Aspects of Lyme borreliosis. Springer-Verlag KG, Berlin, Germany.
    • (1993) Aspects of Lyme Borreliosis , pp. 205-218
    • Kristoferitsch, W.1
  • 122
    • 0027996029 scopus 로고
    • Differential immune responses to Borrelia burgdorferi in European wild rodent species influence spirochete transmission to Ixodes ricinus L. (Acari. Ixodidae)
    • Kurtenbach, K., A. Dizij, H. M. Seitz, G. Margos, S. E. Moter, M. D. Kramer, R. Wallich, U. E. Schaible, and M. M. Simon. 1994. Differential immune responses to Borrelia burgdorferi in European wild rodent species influence spirochete transmission to Ixodes ricinus L. (Acari. Ixodidae). Infect. Immun. 62:5344-5352
    • (1994) Infect. Immun. , vol.62 , pp. 5344-5352
    • Kurtenbach, K.1    Dizij, A.2    Seitz, H.M.3    Margos, G.4    Moter, S.E.5    Kramer, M.D.6    Wallich, R.7    Schaible, U.E.8    Simon, M.M.9
  • 123
    • 0031968791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential transmission of the genospecies of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato by game birds and small rodents in England
    • Kurtenbach, K., M. Peacey, S. G. Rijpkema, A. N. Hoodless, P. A. Nuttall, and S. E. Randolph. 1998 Differential transmission of the genospecies of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato by game birds and small rodents in England. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64:1169-1174.
    • (1998) Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , vol.64 , pp. 1169-1174
    • Kurtenbach, K.1    Peacey, M.2    Rijpkema, S.G.3    Hoodless, A.N.4    Nuttall, P.A.5    Randolph, S.E.6
  • 125
    • 0028657030 scopus 로고
    • Taxonomic classification of 29 Borrelia burgdorferi strains isolated from patients with Lyme borreliosis: A comparison of five different phenotypic and genotypic typing schemes
    • Berlin
    • Lebech, A. M., K. Hansen, B. Wilske, and M. Theisen. 1994. Taxonomic classification of 29 Borrelia burgdorferi strains isolated from patients with Lyme borreliosis: a comparison of five different phenotypic and genotypic typing schemes. Med. Microbiol. Immunol. (Berlin) 183:325-341.
    • (1994) Med. Microbiol. Immunol. , vol.183 , pp. 325-341
    • Lebech, A.M.1    Hansen, K.2    Wilske, B.3    Theisen, M.4
  • 126
    • 0029815148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New laboratory guidelines for serologic diagnosis of Lyme disease: Evaluation of the two-test protocol
    • Ledue, T. B., M. F. Collins, and W. Y. Craig. 1996. New laboratory guidelines for serologic diagnosis of Lyme disease: evaluation of the two-test protocol. J. Clin. Microbiol. 34:2343-2350.
    • (1996) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.34 , pp. 2343-2350
    • Ledue, T.B.1    Collins, M.F.2    Craig, W.Y.3
  • 127
    • 0342940772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of Borrelia lusitaniae sp. nov. by 16S ribosomal DNA sequence analysis
    • Le Fleche, A., D. Postic, K. Girardet, O. Peter, and G. Baranton. 1997. Characterization of Borrelia lusitaniae sp. nov. by 16S ribosomal DNA sequence analysis. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 47:921-925.
    • (1997) Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. , vol.47 , pp. 921-925
    • Le Fleche, A.1    Postic, D.2    Girardet, K.3    Peter, O.4    Baranton, G.5
  • 128
    • 0031888094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Different classes of proteoglycans contribute to the attachment of Borrelia burgdorferi to cultured endothelial and brain cells
    • Leong, J. M., H. Wang, L. Magoun, J. A. Field, P. E. Morrissey, D. Robbins, J. B. Tatro, J. Coburn, and N. Parveen. 1998. Different classes of proteoglycans contribute to the attachment of Borrelia burgdorferi to cultured endothelial and brain cells. Infect. Immun. 66:994-999.
    • (1998) Infect. Immun. , vol.66 , pp. 994-999
    • Leong, J.M.1    Wang, H.2    Magoun, L.3    Field, J.A.4    Morrissey, P.E.5    Robbins, D.6    Tatro, J.B.7    Coburn, J.8    Parveen, N.9
  • 130
    • 1542742615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of rRNA gene restriction fragment length polymorphism of B. burgdorferi sensu lato isolated in China
    • Liang, J. G., and Z. F. Zhang. 1996. Analysis of rRNA gene restriction fragment length polymorphism of B. burgdorferi sensu lato isolated in China. Chin. J. Microbiol. Immunol. 16:359-362.
    • (1996) Chin. J. Microbiol. Immunol. , vol.16 , pp. 359-362
    • Liang, J.G.1    Zhang, Z.F.2
  • 131
    • 0031697544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection and typing of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in Ixodes ricinus ticks attached to human skin by PCR
    • Liebisch, G., B. Sohns, and W. Bautsch. 1998. Detection and typing of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in Ixodes ricinus ticks attached to human skin by PCR. J. Clin. Microbiol. 36:3355-3358.
    • (1998) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.36 , pp. 3355-3358
    • Liebisch, G.1    Sohns, B.2    Bautsch, W.3
  • 132
    • 0028859832 scopus 로고
    • Molecular typing of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis
    • Liveris, D., A. Gazumyan, and I. Schwartz. 1995. Molecular typing of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis J. Clin. Microbiol. 33:589-595.
    • (1995) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.33 , pp. 589-595
    • Liveris, D.1    Gazumyan, A.2    Schwartz, I.3
  • 135
    • 0027484117 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of intra-specific variation in the fatty acid profiles of Borrelia burgdorferi
    • Livesley, M. A., I. P. Thompson, L. Gern, and P. A. Nuttall. 1993. Analysis of intra-specific variation in the fatty acid profiles of Borrelia burgdorferi. J. Gen. Microbiol. 139:2197-2201.
    • (1993) J. Gen. Microbiol. , vol.139 , pp. 2197-2201
    • Livesley, M.A.1    Thompson, I.P.2    Gern, L.3    Nuttall, P.A.4
  • 137
    • 0028785476 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for lateral transfer and recombination in OspC variation in Lyme disease Borrelia
    • Livey, I., C. P. Gibbs, R. Schuster, and F. Dorner. 1995 Evidence for lateral transfer and recombination in OspC variation in Lyme disease Borrelia. Mol. Microbiol. 18:257-269.
    • (1995) Mol. Microbiol. , vol.18 , pp. 257-269
    • Livey, I.1    Gibbs, C.P.2    Schuster, R.3    Dorner, F.4
  • 138
    • 0031023559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An OspA-based DNA vaccine protects mice against infection with Borrelia burgdorferi
    • Luke, C. J., K. Carner, X. Liang, and A. G. Barbour. 1997. An OspA-based DNA vaccine protects mice against infection with Borrelia burgdorferi. J. Infect Dis. 175:91-97
    • (1997) J. Infect Dis. , vol.175 , pp. 91-97
    • Luke, C.J.1    Carner, K.2    Liang, X.3    Barbour, A.G.4
  • 139
    • 0029003809 scopus 로고
    • Current status of laboratory diagnosis for Lyme disease
    • Magnarelli, L. A. 1995. Current status of laboratory diagnosis for Lyme disease. Am. J. Med. 98:10S-12S.
    • (1995) Am. J. Med. , vol.98
    • Magnarelli, L.A.1
  • 140
    • 0025324563 scopus 로고
    • Cross-reactivity of nonspecific treponemal antibody in serologic tests for Lyme disease
    • Magnarelli, L. A., J. N. Miller, J. F. Anderson, and G. R. Riviere. 1990. Cross-reactivity of nonspecific treponemal antibody in serologic tests for Lyme disease J. Clin Microbiol. 28:1276-1279.
    • (1990) J. Clin Microbiol. , vol.28 , pp. 1276-1279
    • Magnarelli, L.A.1    Miller, J.N.2    Anderson, J.F.3    Riviere, G.R.4
  • 141
    • 0026785167 scopus 로고
    • Development of polymerase chain reaction primer sets for diagnosis of Lyme disease and for species-specific identification of Lyme disease isolates by 16S rRNA signature nucleotide analysis
    • Marconi, R. T., and C. F. Garon. 1992a Development of polymerase chain reaction primer sets for diagnosis of Lyme disease and for species-specific identification of Lyme disease isolates by 16S rRNA signature nucleotide analysis. J. Clin. Microbiol. 30:2830-2834.
    • (1992) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.30 , pp. 2830-2834
    • Marconi, R.T.1    Garon, C.F.2
  • 142
    • 0026596907 scopus 로고
    • Identification of a third genomic group of Borrelia burgdorferi through signature nucleotide analysis and 16S rRNA sequence determination
    • Marconi, R. T., and C. F. Garon. 1992b Identification of a third genomic group of Borrelia burgdorferi through signature nucleotide analysis and 16S rRNA sequence determination. J. Gen. Microbiol. 138:533-536.
    • (1992) J. Gen. Microbiol. , vol.138 , pp. 533-536
    • Marconi, R.T.1    Garon, C.F.2
  • 143
    • 0029097229 scopus 로고
    • Identification of novel insertion elements, restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns, and discontinuous 23S rRNA in Lyme disease spirochetes: Phylogenetic analyses of rRNA genes and their intergenic spacers in Borrelia japonica sp. nov. and genomic group 21038 (Borrelia andersonu sp. nov.) isolates
    • Marconi, R. T., D. Livens, and I. Schwartz. 1995. Identification of novel insertion elements, restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns, and discontinuous 23S rRNA in Lyme disease spirochetes: phylogenetic analyses of rRNA genes and their intergenic spacers in Borrelia japonica sp. nov. and genomic group 21038 (Borrelia andersonu sp. nov.) isolates. J. Clin. Microbiol. 33:2427-2434.
    • (1995) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.33 , pp. 2427-2434
    • Marconi, R.T.1    Livens, D.2    Schwartz, I.3
  • 144
    • 0026595904 scopus 로고
    • Speciesspecific identification of and distinction between Borrelia burgdorferi genomic groups by using 16S rRNA-directed oligonucleotide probes
    • Marconi, R. T., L. Lubke, W. Hauglum, and C. F. Garon. 1992. Speciesspecific identification of and distinction between Borrelia burgdorferi genomic groups by using 16S rRNA-directed oligonucleotide probes. J. Clin. Microbiol. 30:628-632.
    • (1992) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.30 , pp. 628-632
    • Marconi, R.T.1    Lubke, L.2    Hauglum, W.3    Garon, C.F.4
  • 145
    • 0027968978 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of the distribution and molecular heterogeneity of the ospD gene among the Lyme disease spirochetes: Evidence for lateral gene exchange
    • Marconi, R. T., D. S. Samuels, R. K. Landry, and C. F. Garon. 1994. Analysis of the distribution and molecular heterogeneity of the ospD gene among the Lyme disease spirochetes: evidence for lateral gene exchange. J. Bacteriol 176:4572-4582.
    • (1994) J. Bacteriol , vol.176 , pp. 4572-4582
    • Marconi, R.T.1    Samuels, D.S.2    Landry, R.K.3    Garon, C.F.4
  • 146
    • 10144264563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular and evolutionary analyses of a variable series of genes in Borrelia burgdorferi that are related to ospE and ospF, constitute a gene family, and share a common upstream homology box
    • Marconi, R. T., S. Y. Sung, C. A. Hughes, and J. A. Carlyon. 1997. Molecular and evolutionary analyses of a variable series of genes in Borrelia burgdorferi that are related to ospE and ospF, constitute a gene family, and share a common upstream homology box. J. Bacteriol. 178:5615-5626.
    • (1997) J. Bacteriol. , vol.178 , pp. 5615-5626
    • Marconi, R.T.1    Sung, S.Y.2    Hughes, C.A.3    Carlyon, J.A.4
  • 149
    • 0030586762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of Borrelia sp. isolated from Ixodes tanuki, I. turdus, and I columnae in Japan by restriction fragment length polymorphism of rrf(5S)-rrl (23S) intergenic spacer amplicons
    • Masuzawa, T., T. Komikado, A. Iwaki, H. Suzuki, K. Kaneda, and Y. Yanagihara. 1996. Characterization of Borrelia sp. isolated from Ixodes tanuki, I. turdus, and I columnae in Japan by restriction fragment length polymorphism of rrf(5S)-rrl (23S) intergenic spacer amplicons. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 142:77-83.
    • (1996) FEMS Microbiol. Lett. , vol.142 , pp. 77-83
    • Masuzawa, T.1    Komikado, T.2    Iwaki, A.3    Suzuki, H.4    Kaneda, K.5    Yanagihara, Y.6
  • 150
    • 0030805035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Homogeneity of Borrelia japonica and heterogeneity of Borrelia afzelii and 'Borrelia tanukit' isolated in Japan, determined from ospC gene sequences
    • Masuzawa, T., T. Komikado, K. Kaneda, T. Fukui, K. Sawaki, and Y. Yanagihara. 1997. Homogeneity of Borrelia japonica and heterogeneity of Borrelia afzelii and 'Borrelia tanukit' isolated in Japan, determined from ospC gene sequences. FEMS Microbiol. Lett 153:287-293.
    • (1997) FEMS Microbiol. Lett , vol.153 , pp. 287-293
    • Masuzawa, T.1    Komikado, T.2    Kaneda, K.3    Fukui, T.4    Sawaki, K.5    Yanagihara, Y.6
  • 153
    • 0030094789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A case of Lyme borreliosis which was suspected to be caused by Borrelia japonica infection in Shizuoka
    • Masuzawa, T., Y. Yanagihara, and H. Fujita. 1996. A case of Lyme borreliosis which was suspected to be caused by Borrelia japonica infection in Shizuoka. Japan. J. Jpn. Assoc. Infect Dis. 70:264-267.
    • (1996) Japan. J. Jpn. Assoc. Infect Dis. , vol.70 , pp. 264-267
    • Masuzawa, T.1    Yanagihara, Y.2    Fujita, H.3
  • 154
    • 0024320231 scopus 로고
    • Comparing the relative potential of rodents as reservoirs of the Lyme disease spirochete (Borrelia burgdorferi)
    • Mather, T. N., M. L. Wilson, S. I. Moore, J. M. Ribeiro, and A. Spielman. 1989. Comparing the relative potential of rodents as reservoirs of the Lyme disease spirochete (Borrelia burgdorferi). Am. J. Epidemiol. 130:143-150.
    • (1989) Am. J. Epidemiol. , vol.130 , pp. 143-150
    • Mather, T.N.1    Wilson, M.L.2    Moore, S.I.3    Ribeiro, J.M.4    Spielman, A.5
  • 156
    • 0030444545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of the human antibody response to outer surface protein C (OspC) of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, B garinii, and B. afzelii
    • Berl
    • Mathiesen, M. J., K. Hansen, N. Axelsen, L. Halkier-Sorensen, and M. Theisen. 1996. Analysis of the human antibody response to outer surface protein C (OspC) of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, B garinii, and B. afzelii. Med. Microbiol. Immunol. (Berl) 185:121-129.
    • (1996) Med. Microbiol. Immunol. , vol.185 , pp. 121-129
    • Mathiesen, M.J.1    Hansen, K.2    Axelsen, N.3    Halkier-Sorensen, L.4    Theisen, M.5
  • 157
    • 0023055589 scopus 로고
    • Lyme disease on the NSW south coast
    • McCrossin, I. 1986. Lyme disease on the NSW south coast. Med. J. Aust. 144:724-725.
    • (1986) Med. J. Aust. , vol.144 , pp. 724-725
    • McCrossin, I.1
  • 158
    • 0030227119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serological evidence of Lyme borreliosis in Africa: Results from studies in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
    • Mhalu, F. S., and R. Matre. 1996. Serological evidence of Lyme borreliosis in Africa: results from studies in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. East Afr Med. J. 73:583-585.
    • (1996) East Afr Med. J. , vol.73 , pp. 583-585
    • Mhalu, F.S.1    Matre, R.2
  • 159
    • 0031985491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Species-specific plasmid sequences for PCR identification of the three species of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato involved in Lyme disease
    • Misonne, M. C., and P. P. Hoet. 1998. Species-specific plasmid sequences
    • (1998) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.36 , pp. 269-272
    • Misonne, M.C.1    Hoet, P.P.2
  • 160
    • 0031671441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic heterogeneity of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in Ixodes ricinus ticks collected in Belgium
    • Misonne, M. C., G. van Impe, and P. P. Hoet 1998. Genetic heterogeneity of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in Ixodes ricinus ticks collected in Belgium. J. Clin. Microbiol. 36:3352-3354.
    • (1998) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.36 , pp. 3352-3354
    • Misonne, M.C.1    Van Impe, G.2    Hoet, P.P.3
  • 162
    • 0032529518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lyme borreliosis
    • Nadelman, R. B., and G. P. Wormser. 1998. Lyme borreliosis. Lancet 352:557-565.
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.352 , pp. 557-565
    • Nadelman, R.B.1    Wormser, G.P.2
  • 163
    • 0028798363 scopus 로고
    • Mixed infection of different Borrelia species among Apodemus speciosus mice in Hokkaido, Japan
    • Nakao, M., and K. Miyamoto. 1995. Mixed infection of different Borrelia species among Apodemus speciosus mice in Hokkaido, Japan. J. Clin. Microbiol. 33:490-492.
    • (1995) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.33 , pp. 490-492
    • Nakao, M.1    Miyamoto, K.2
  • 164
    • 0028086478 scopus 로고
    • Lyme disease spirochetes in Japan: Enzootic transmission cycles in birds, rodents, and Ixodes persulcatus ticks
    • Nakao, M., K. Miyamoto, and M. Fukunaga. 1994. Lyme disease spirochetes in Japan: enzootic transmission cycles in birds, rodents, and Ixodes persulcatus ticks. J. Infect. Dis. 170:878-882.
    • (1994) J. Infect. Dis. , vol.170 , pp. 878-882
    • Nakao, M.1    Miyamoto, K.2    Fukunaga, M.3
  • 165
    • 0029783141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Refeeding activity of immature ticks of Ixodes persulcatus and transmission of Lyme disease spirochete by partially fed larvae
    • Nakao, M., and Y. Sato. 1996. Refeeding activity of immature ticks of Ixodes persulcatus and transmission of Lyme disease spirochete by partially fed larvae. J. Parasitol. 82:669-672.
    • (1996) J. Parasitol. , vol.82 , pp. 669-672
    • Nakao, M.1    Sato, Y.2
  • 166
    • 0030139941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lyme disease spirochetes in ticks collected from birds m midwestern United States
    • Nicholls, T. H., and S. M. Callister. 1996. Lyme disease spirochetes in ticks collected from birds m midwestern United States. J. Med. Entomol. 33: 379-384.
    • (1996) J. Med. Entomol. , vol.33 , pp. 379-384
    • Nicholls, T.H.1    Callister, S.M.2
  • 167
    • 0028057617 scopus 로고
    • Detection of Borrelia burgdorferi DNA by polymerase chain reaction in synovial fluid from patients with Lyme arthritis
    • Nocton, J. J., F. Dressler, B. J. Rutledge, P. N. Rys, D. H. Persing, and A. C. Steere. 1994. Detection of Borrelia burgdorferi DNA by polymerase chain reaction in synovial fluid from patients with Lyme arthritis. N. Engl. J. Med. 330:229-234.
    • (1994) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.330 , pp. 229-234
    • Nocton, J.J.1    Dressler, F.2    Rutledge, B.J.3    Rys, P.N.4    Persing, D.H.5    Steere, A.C.6
  • 168
    • 0028908727 scopus 로고
    • Genotypic and phenotypic analysis of Borrelia burgdorferi isolates from the Netherlands
    • Nohlmans, L. M., R. de Boer, A. E. van den Bogaard, and C. P. van Boven. 1995. Genotypic and phenotypic analysis of Borrelia burgdorferi isolates from The Netherlands. J. Clin. Microbiol. 33:119-125.
    • (1995) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.33 , pp. 119-125
    • Nohlmans, L.M.1    De Boer, R.2    Van Den Bogaard, A.E.3    Van Boven, C.P.4
  • 169
    • 0029941842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serodiagnosis of Lyme borreliosis by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto. B. garinii, and B. afzelii Western blots (immunoblots)
    • Norman, G. L., J. M. Antig, G. Bigaignon, and W. R. Hogrefe. 1996. Serodiagnosis of Lyme borreliosis by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto. B. garinii, and B. afzelii Western blots (immunoblots). J. Clin. Microbiol. 34:1732-1738.
    • (1996) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.34 , pp. 1732-1738
    • Norman, G.L.1    Antig, J.M.2    Bigaignon, G.3    Hogrefe, W.R.4
  • 170
    • 0030800115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Culturing selects for specific genotypes of Borrelia burgdorferi in an enzootic cycle in Colorado
    • Norris, D. E., B. J. Johnson, J. Piesman, G. O. Maupin, J. L. Clark, and W. C. Black IV. 1997. Culturing selects for specific genotypes of Borrelia burgdorferi in an enzootic cycle in Colorado. J. Clin. Microbiol. 35:2359-2364
    • (1997) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.35 , pp. 2359-2364
    • Norris, D.E.1    Johnson, B.J.2    Piesman, J.3    Maupin, G.O.4    Clark, J.L.5    Black IV, W.C.6
  • 171
    • 0031263026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Taxonomic status of Ixodes neotomae and I. spinipalpis (Acari Ixodidae) based on mitochondrial DNA evidence
    • Norris, D. E., J. S. H. Klompen, J. E. Keirans, R. S. Lane, J. Piesman, and W. C. Black IV. 1997. Taxonomic status of Ixodes neotomae and I. spinipalpis (Acari Ixodidae) based on mitochondrial DNA evidence. J. Med. Entomol. 34:696-703.
    • (1997) J. Med. Entomol. , vol.34 , pp. 696-703
    • Norris, D.E.1    Klompen, J.S.H.2    Keirans, J.E.3    Lane, R.S.4    Piesman, J.5    Black IV, W.C.6
  • 174
    • 0027970963 scopus 로고
    • Conservation of gene arrangement and an unusual organization of rRNA genes in the linear chromosomes of the Lyme disease spirochaetes Borrelia burgdorferi, B. garinii and B. afzelii
    • Ojaimi, C., B. E. Davidson, I. Saint Girons, and I. G. Old. 1994. Conservation of gene arrangement and an unusual organization of rRNA genes in the linear chromosomes of the Lyme disease spirochaetes Borrelia burgdorferi, B. garinii and B. afzelii. Microbiology 140:2931-2940.
    • (1994) Microbiology , vol.140 , pp. 2931-2940
    • Ojaimi, C.1    Davidson, B.E.2    Saint Girons, I.3    Old, I.G.4
  • 176
    • 0028991023 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato-infected ticks on migrating birds Appl
    • Olsen, B., T. G. Jaenson, and S. Bergstrom. 1995. Prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato-infected ticks on migrating birds Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 61:3082-3087.
    • (1995) Environ. Microbiol. , vol.61 , pp. 3082-3087
    • Olsen, B.1    Jaenson, T.G.2    Bergstrom, S.3
  • 177
    • 0027460623 scopus 로고
    • A Lyme borreliosis cycle in seabirds and Ixodes uriae ticks
    • Olsen, B., T. G. Jaenson, L. Noppa, J. Bunikis, and S. Bergstrom. 1993. A Lyme borreliosis cycle in seabirds and Ixodes uriae ticks. Nature 362:340-342.
    • (1993) Nature , vol.362 , pp. 340-342
    • Olsen, B.1    Jaenson, T.G.2    Noppa, L.3    Bunikis, J.4    Bergstrom, S.5
  • 179
    • 0024728574 scopus 로고
    • Neurologic manifestations of Lyme disease, the new "great imitator."
    • Pachner, A. R. 1989. Neurologic manifestations of Lyme disease, the new "great imitator." Rev. Infect. Dis. 11(Suppl. 6):S1482-S1486
    • (1989) Rev. Infect. Dis. , vol.11 , Issue.6 SUPPL.
    • Pachner, A.R.1
  • 180
    • 0027483788 scopus 로고
    • Molecular characterization and expression of p23 (OspC) from a North American strain of Borrelia burgdorferi
    • Padula, S. J., A. Sampieri, F. Dias, A. Szczepanski, and R. W. Ryan. 1993. Molecular characterization and expression of p23 (OspC) from a North American strain of Borrelia burgdorferi. Infect. Immun. 61:5097-5105.
    • (1993) Infect. Immun. , vol.61 , pp. 5097-5105
    • Padula, S.J.1    Sampieri, A.2    Dias, F.3    Szczepanski, A.4    Ryan, R.W.5
  • 181
    • 0027177217 scopus 로고
    • Identification and characterization of Lyme disease spirochetes, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, isolated in Korea
    • Park, K. H., W. H. Chang, and T. G. Schwan. 1993. Identification and characterization of Lyme disease spirochetes, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, isolated in Korea. J. Clin. Microbiol. 31:1831-1837.
    • (1993) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.31 , pp. 1831-1837
    • Park, K.H.1    Chang, W.H.2    Schwan, T.G.3
  • 182
    • 0033051017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strain variation in glycosaminoglycan recognition influences cell-type-specific binding by Lyme disease spirochetes
    • Parveen, N., D. Robbins, and J. M. Leong. 1999. Strain variation in glycosaminoglycan recognition influences cell-type-specific binding by Lyme disease spirochetes. Infect Immun. 67:1743-1749.
    • (1999) Infect Immun. , vol.67 , pp. 1743-1749
    • Parveen, N.1    Robbins, D.2    Leong, J.M.3
  • 184
    • 0030671425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acquisition of Lyme disease spirochetes by cofeeding Ixodes scapularis ticks
    • Patrican, L. A. 1997. Acquisition of Lyme disease spirochetes by cofeeding Ixodes scapularis ticks. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 57:589-593.
    • (1997) Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.57 , pp. 589-593
    • Patrican, L.A.1
  • 185
    • 0030744144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activity of sera from patients with Lyme disease against Borrelia burgdorferi
    • Pavia, C. S., G. P. Wormser, G. L. Mormser, and G. L. Norman. 1997 Activity of sera from patients with Lyme disease against Borrelia burgdorferi. Clin. Infect. Dis. 25:S25-S30.
    • (1997) Clin. Infect. Dis. , vol.25
    • Pavia, C.S.1    Wormser, G.P.2    Mormser, G.L.3    Norman, G.L.4
  • 186
    • 0030815056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of distinct species of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato with neuroborreliosis in Switzerland
    • Peter, O., A.-G. Bretz, D. Postic, and E. Dayer. 1997. Association of distinct species of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato with neuroborreliosis in Switzerland. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 3:423-431.
    • (1997) Clin. Microbiol. Infect. , vol.3 , pp. 423-431
    • Peter, O.1    Bretz, A.-G.2    Postic, D.3    Dayer, E.4
  • 187
    • 0026875609 scopus 로고
    • Polymorphism of outer surface proteins of Borrelia burgdorferi as a tool for classification
    • Peter, O., and A. G. Bretz. 1992. Polymorphism of outer surface proteins of Borrelia burgdorferi as a tool for classification. Zentbl. Bakteriol. 277:28-33.
    • (1992) Zentbl. Bakteriol. , vol.277 , pp. 28-33
    • Peter, O.1    Bretz, A.G.2
  • 188
    • 0028978346 scopus 로고
    • Occurrence of different genospecies of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in ixodid ticks of Valais, Switzerland
    • Peter, O., A. G. Bretz, and D. Bee. 1995 Occurrence of different genospecies of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in ixodid ticks of Valais, Switzerland. Eur. J Epidemiol. 11:463-467.
    • (1995) Eur. J Epidemiol. , vol.11 , pp. 463-467
    • Peter, O.1    Bretz, A.G.2    Bee, D.3
  • 189
    • 0028349153 scopus 로고
    • Lyme borreliosis: Basic science and clinical aspects
    • Pfister, H. W., B. Wilske, and K. Weber. 1994. Lyme borreliosis: basic science and clinical aspects Lancet 343:1013-1016.
    • (1994) Lancet , vol.343 , pp. 1013-1016
    • Pfister, H.W.1    Wilske, B.2    Weber, K.3
  • 190
    • 0029330014 scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous infection of Ixodes ricinus nymphs by two Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato species, possible implications for clinical manifestations
    • Pichon, B., E. Godfroid, B. Hoyois, A. Bollen, F. Rodhain, and C. Perez-Eld. 1995. Simultaneous infection of Ixodes ricinus nymphs by two Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato species, possible implications for clinical manifestations. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 1:89-90.
    • (1995) Emerg. Infect. Dis. , vol.1 , pp. 89-90
    • Pichon, B.1    Godfroid, E.2    Hoyois, B.3    Bollen, A.4    Rodhain, F.5    Perez-Eld, C.6
  • 193
    • 0029964869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patient isolates of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato with genotypic and phenotypic similarities of strain 25015
    • Picken, R. N., Y. Cheng, F. Strle, and M. M. Picken. 1996. Patient isolates of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato with genotypic and phenotypic similarities of strain 25015. J. Infect. Dis. 174:1112-1115
    • (1996) J. Infect. Dis. , vol.174 , pp. 1112-1115
    • Picken, R.N.1    Cheng, Y.2    Strle, F.3    Picken, M.M.4
  • 194
    • 0031895272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of three species of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (B. burgdorferi sensu stricto, B. garinii, and B. afzelii) among isolates from acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans lesions
    • Picken, R. N., F. Strle, M. M. Picken, E. Ruzic-Sabljic, V. Maraspin, S. Lotric-Furlan, and J. Cimperman. 1998. Identification of three species of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (B. burgdorferi sensu stricto, B. garinii, and B. afzelii) among isolates from acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans lesions. J Investig. Dermatol. 110:211-214.
    • (1998) J Investig. Dermatol. , vol.110 , pp. 211-214
    • Picken, R.N.1    Strle, F.2    Picken, M.M.3    Ruzic-Sabljic, E.4    Maraspin, V.5    Lotric-Furlan, S.6    Cimperman, J.7
  • 195
    • 0001834611 scopus 로고
    • Ribotyping in molecular epidemiology
    • D. H. Persing, T. F. Smith, F. C. Tenover, and T. J. White (ed.), American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C.
    • Popovic, T., C. A. Bopp, O. Olsvik, and J. A. Kiehlbauch. 1993. Ribotyping in molecular epidemiology, p. 573-589. In D. H. Persing, T. F. Smith, F. C. Tenover, and T. J. White (ed.), Diagnostic molecular microbiology. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C.
    • (1993) Diagnostic Molecular Microbiology , pp. 573-589
    • Popovic, T.1    Bopp, C.A.2    Olsvik, O.3    Kiehlbauch, J.A.4
  • 197
    • 0027944736 scopus 로고
    • Diversity of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato evidenced by restriction fragment length polymorphism of rrf(5S)-rrl(23S) intergenic spacer amplicons
    • Postic, D., M. V. Assous, P. A. D. Grimont, and G. Baranton. 1994. Diversity of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato evidenced by restriction fragment length polymorphism of rrf(5S)-rrl(23S) intergenic spacer amplicons. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 44:743-752
    • (1994) Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. , vol.44 , pp. 743-752
    • Postic, D.1    Assous, M.V.2    Grimont, P.A.D.3    Baranton, G.4
  • 198
    • 0343095802 scopus 로고
    • Molecular fingerprinting and phylogeny of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato
    • Y. Yanagihara, and T. Masuzawa (ed.)
    • Postic, D., and G. Baranton. 1994 Molecular fingerprinting and phylogeny of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, p. 133-147. In Y. Yanagihara, and T. Masuzawa (ed.), Proceeding of the International Symposium on Lyme Disease in Japan 1994.
    • (1994) Proceeding of the International Symposium on Lyme Disease in Japan 1994 , pp. 133-147
    • Postic, D.1    Baranton, G.2
  • 200
    • 0030817821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in Russia and neighbouring countries: High incidence of mixed isolates
    • Postic, D., E. Korenberg, N. Gorelova, Y. V. Kovalevski, E. Bellenger, and G. Baranton. 1997. Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in Russia and neighbouring countries: high incidence of mixed isolates. Res. Microbiol. 148:691-702.
    • (1997) Res. Microbiol. , vol.148 , pp. 691-702
    • Postic, D.1    Korenberg, E.2    Gorelova, N.3    Kovalevski, Y.V.4    Bellenger, E.5    Baranton, G.6
  • 201
    • 3643090564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expanded Diversity among California Borrelia isolates and description of Borrelia bissettii sp. nov. (formerly Borrelia group DN127)
    • Postic, D., N. M. Ras, R. S. Lane, M. Hendson, and G. Baranton. 1998. Expanded Diversity among California Borrelia isolates and description of Borrelia bissettii sp. nov. (formerly Borrelia group DN127). J Clin Microbiol. 36:3497-3504
    • (1998) J Clin Microbiol. , vol.36 , pp. 3497-3504
    • Postic, D.1    Ras, N.M.2    Lane, R.S.3    Hendson, M.4    Baranton, G.5
  • 202
    • 0028900999 scopus 로고
    • Identification and characterization of a surface-exposed, 66-kilodalton protein from Borrelia burgdorferi
    • Probert, W. S., K. M. Allsup, and R. B. LeFebvre. 1995 Identification and characterization of a surface-exposed, 66-kilodalton protein from Borrelia burgdorferi. Infect. Immun. 63:1933-1939.
    • (1995) Infect. Immun. , vol.63 , pp. 1933-1939
    • Probert, W.S.1    Allsup, K.M.2    Lefebvre, R.B.3
  • 203
    • 0027270827 scopus 로고
    • Species of Borrelia distinguished by restriction site polymorphisms in 16S rRNA genes
    • Ralph, D., D. Postic, G. Baranton, C. Pretzman, and M. McClelland. 1993. Species of Borrelia distinguished by restriction site polymorphisms in 16S rRNA genes. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 111:239-244.
    • (1993) FEMS Microbiol. Lett. , vol.111 , pp. 239-244
    • Ralph, D.1    Postic, D.2    Baranton, G.3    Pretzman, C.4    McClelland, M.5
  • 204
    • 0030561124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Co-feeding ticks: Epidemiological significance for tick-borne pathogen transmission
    • Randolph, S. E., L. Gern, and P. A. Nuttall. 1996. Co-feeding ticks: epidemiological significance for tick-borne pathogen transmission. Parasitol. Today 12:472-479.
    • (1996) Parasitol. Today , vol.12 , pp. 472-479
    • Randolph, S.E.1    Gern, L.2    Nuttall, P.A.3
  • 205
    • 0030774855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, a bacterial species "made in the U.S.A."
    • Ras, N. M., D. Postic, M. Foretz, and G. Baranton. 1997. Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, a bacterial species "made in the U.S.A." Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 47:1112-1117
    • (1997) Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. , vol.47 , pp. 1112-1117
    • Ras, N.M.1    Postic, D.2    Foretz, M.3    Baranton, G.4
  • 206
    • 0029686358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of four genomic groups of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in Ixodes ricinus ticks collected in a Lyme borreliosis endemic region of northern Croatia
    • Rijpkema, S. G., D. Golubic, M. Molkenboer, N. Verbeek-De Kruif, and J. F. Schellekens. 1996. Identification of four genomic groups of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in Ixodes ricinus ticks collected in a Lyme borreliosis endemic region of northern Croatia Exp. Appl. Acarol. 20:23-30.
    • (1996) Exp. Appl. Acarol. , vol.20 , pp. 23-30
    • Rijpkema, S.G.1    Golubic, D.2    Molkenboer, M.3    Verbeek-De Kruif, N.4    Schellekens, J.F.5
  • 207
    • 0029731890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of four species of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in bodes ricinus ticks collected from roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in the Netherlands
    • Rijpkema, S. G., R. G. Herbes, N. Verbeek-De Kruif, and J. F. Schellekens. 1996. Detection of four species of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in bodes ricinus ticks collected from roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in The Netherlands. Epidemiol. Infect. 117:563-566.
    • (1996) Epidemiol. Infect. , vol.117 , pp. 563-566
    • Rijpkema, S.G.1    Herbes, R.G.2    Verbeek-De Kruif, N.3    Schellekens, J.F.4
  • 208
    • 0028839379 scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous detection and genotyping of three genomic groups of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in Dutch Ixodes ricinus ticks by characterization of the amplified intergenic spacer region between 5S and 23S rRNA genes
    • Rijpkema, S. G., M. J. Molkenboer, L. M. Schouls, F. Jongejan, and J. F. Schellekens. 1995. Simultaneous detection and genotyping of three genomic groups of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in Dutch Ixodes ricinus ticks by characterization of the amplified intergenic spacer region between 5S and 23S rRNA genes. J. Clin. Microbiol. 33:3091-3095.
    • (1995) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.33 , pp. 3091-3095
    • Rijpkema, S.G.1    Molkenboer, M.J.2    Schouls, L.M.3    Jongejan, F.4    Schellekens, J.F.5
  • 209
    • 0030974845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of Borrelia afzelii, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, Borrelia garinii and group VS116 by PCR in skin biopsies of patients with erythema migrans and acrodermitis chronica atrophicans
    • Rijpkema, S. G., D. J. Tazelaar, M. Molkenboer, G. T. Noordhoek, G. Plantinga, L. M. Schouls, and J. F. Schellekens. 1997. Detection of Borrelia afzelii, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, Borrelia garinii and group VS116 by PCR in skin biopsies of patients with erythema migrans and acrodermitis chronica atrophicans. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 3:109-116.
    • (1997) Clin. Microbiol. Infect. , vol.3 , pp. 109-116
    • Rijpkema, S.G.1    Tazelaar, D.J.2    Molkenboer, M.3    Noordhoek, G.T.4    Plantinga, G.5    Schouls, L.M.6    Schellekens, J.F.7
  • 210
    • 0032412101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular analysis of sequence heterogeneity among genes encoding decorin binding proteins A and B of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato
    • Roberts, W. C., B. A. Mullikin, R. Lathigra, and M. S. Hanson. 1998. Molecular analysis of sequence heterogeneity among genes encoding decorin binding proteins A and B of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato Infect. Immun. 66:5275-5285.
    • (1998) Infect. Immun. , vol.66 , pp. 5275-5285
    • Roberts, W.C.1    Mullikin, B.A.2    Lathigra, R.3    Hanson, M.S.4
  • 211
    • 0030777321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heterogeneity of BmpA (P39) among European isolates of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and influence of interspecies variability on serodiagnosis
    • Roessler, D., U. Hauser, and B. Wilske. 1997. Heterogeneity of BmpA (P39) among European isolates of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and influence of interspecies variability on serodiagnosis. J. Clin. Microbiol. 35: 2752-2758.
    • (1997) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.35 , pp. 2752-2758
    • Roessler, D.1    Hauser, U.2    Wilske, B.3
  • 212
    • 0026706705 scopus 로고
    • Recombination between genes encoding major outer surface proteins A and B of Borrelia burgdorferi
    • Rosa, P. A., T. Schwan, and D. Hogan. 1992. Recombination between genes encoding major outer surface proteins A and B of Borrelia burgdorferi. Mol. Microbiol. 6:3031-3040.
    • (1992) Mol. Microbiol. , vol.6 , pp. 3031-3040
    • Rosa, P.A.1    Schwan, T.2    Hogan, D.3
  • 213
    • 0029171458 scopus 로고
    • Lyme disease in Australia - Still to be proven
    • Russell, R. C. 1995. Lyme disease in Australia - still to be proven Emerg. Infect. Dis. 1:29-31.
    • (1995) Emerg. Infect. Dis. , vol.1 , pp. 29-31
    • Russell, R.C.1
  • 214
    • 0031785427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An experimental chain of infection reveals that distinct Borrelia burgdorferi populations are selected in arthropod and mammalian hosts
    • Ryan, J. R., J. F. Levine, C. S. Apperson, L. Lubke, R. A. Wirtz, P. A. Spears, and P. E. Orndorff. 1998. An experimental chain of infection reveals that distinct Borrelia burgdorferi populations are selected in arthropod and mammalian hosts. Mol. Microbiol 30:365-379
    • (1998) Mol. Microbiol , vol.30 , pp. 365-379
    • Ryan, J.R.1    Levine, J.F.2    Apperson, C.S.3    Lubke, L.4    Wirtz, R.A.5    Spears, P.A.6    Orndorff, P.E.7
  • 215
    • 0029898730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A fiagella-less mutant of Borrelia burgdorferi as a live attenuated vaccine in the murine model of Lyme disease
    • Sadziene, A., P. A. Thompson, and A. G. Barbour. 1996. A fiagella-less mutant of Borrelia burgdorferi as a live attenuated vaccine in the murine model of Lyme disease. J Infect Dis. 173:1184-1193.
    • (1996) J Infect Dis. , vol.173 , pp. 1184-1193
    • Sadziene, A.1    Thompson, P.A.2    Barbour, A.G.3
  • 217
    • 0027527770 scopus 로고
    • Variation in the size of the ospA-containing linear plasmid, but not the linear chromosome, among the three Borrelia species associated with Lyme disease
    • Samuels, D. S., R. T. Marconi, and C. F. Garon. 1993. Variation in the size of the ospA-containing linear plasmid, but not the linear chromosome, among the three Borrelia species associated with Lyme disease. J. Gen. Microbiol. 139:2445-2449.
    • (1993) J. Gen. Microbiol. , vol.139 , pp. 2445-2449
    • Samuels, D.S.1    Marconi, R.T.2    Garon, C.F.3
  • 220
    • 0024451303 scopus 로고
    • The severe combined immunodeficiency (scid) mouse. A laboratory model for the analysis of Lyme arthritis and carditis
    • Schaible, U. E., M. D. Kramer, C. Museteanu, G. Zimmer, H. Mossmann, and M. M. Simon. 1989. The severe combined immunodeficiency (scid) mouse. A laboratory model for the analysis of Lyme arthritis and carditis. J. Exp. Med. 170:1427-1432.
    • (1989) J. Exp. Med. , vol.170 , pp. 1427-1432
    • Schaible, U.E.1    Kramer, M.D.2    Museteanu, C.3    Zimmer, G.4    Mossmann, H.5    Simon, M.M.6
  • 221
    • 0021994141 scopus 로고
    • The global distribution of Lyme disease
    • Schmid, G. P. 1985. The global distribution of Lyme disease. Rev Infect. Dis. 7:41-50.
    • (1985) Rev Infect. Dis. , vol.7 , pp. 41-50
    • Schmid, G.P.1
  • 222
    • 0023753146 scopus 로고
    • Changes m infectivity and plasmid profile of the Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi, as a result of in vitro cultivation
    • Schwan, T. G., W. Burgdorfer, and C. F. Garon. 1988. Changes m infectivity and plasmid profile of the Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi, as a result of in vitro cultivation. Infect. Immun. 56:1831-1836.
    • (1988) Infect. Immun. , vol.56 , pp. 1831-1836
    • Schwan, T.G.1    Burgdorfer, W.2    Garon, C.F.3
  • 223
    • 0342376086 scopus 로고
    • Borrelia
    • P. R. Murray, E. J. Baron, M. A. Pfaller, F. C. Tenover, and R. H. Yolken (ed.), American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C.
    • Schwan, T. G., W. Burgdorfer, and P. A. Rosa. 1995. Borrelia. p. 626-635. In P. R. Murray, E. J. Baron, M. A. Pfaller, F. C. Tenover, and R. H. Yolken (ed.), Manual of clinical microbiology. 6th ed. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C.
    • (1995) Manual of Clinical Microbiology. 6th Ed. , pp. 626-635
    • Schwan, T.G.1    Burgdorfer, W.2    Rosa, P.A.3
  • 224
    • 0021153574 scopus 로고
    • Separation of yeast chromosomesized DNAs by pulsed field gradient gel electrophoresis
    • Schwartz, D. C., and C. R. Cantor. 1984. Separation of yeast chromosomesized DNAs by pulsed field gradient gel electrophoresis. Cell 37:67-75.
    • (1984) Cell , vol.37 , pp. 67-75
    • Schwartz, D.C.1    Cantor, C.R.2
  • 225
    • 0026654661 scopus 로고
    • RNA gene organization in the Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi
    • Schwartz, J. J., A. Gazumyan, and I. Schwartz. 1992. rRNA gene organization in the Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi. J. Bacteriol. 174:3757-3765.
    • (1992) J. Bacteriol. , vol.174 , pp. 3757-3765
    • Schwartz, J.J.1    Gazumyan, A.2    Schwartz, I.3
  • 226
    • 0031669811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genospecies identification and characterization of Lyme disease spirochetes of genospecies Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato isolated from rodents in Taiwan
    • Shin, C. M., H. M. Chang, S. L. Chen, and L. L. Chao. 1998. Genospecies identification and characterization of Lyme disease spirochetes of genospecies Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato isolated from rodents in Taiwan. J. Clin. Microbiol. 36:3127-3132.
    • (1998) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.36 , pp. 3127-3132
    • Shin, C.M.1    Chang, H.M.2    Chen, S.L.3    Chao, L.L.4
  • 228
    • 0029800616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protective immunization with plasmid DNA containing the outer surface lipoprotein A gene of Borrelia burgdorferi is independent of an eukaryotic promoter
    • Simon, M. M., L. Gern, P. Hauser, W. Zhong, P. J. Nielsen, M. D. Kramer, C. Brenner, and R. Wallich. 1996. Protective immunization with plasmid DNA containing the outer surface lipoprotein A gene of Borrelia burgdorferi is independent of an eukaryotic promoter. Eur. J. Immunol. 26:2831-2840
    • (1996) Eur. J. Immunol. , vol.26 , pp. 2831-2840
    • Simon, M.M.1    Gern, L.2    Hauser, P.3    Zhong, W.4    Nielsen, P.J.5    Kramer, M.D.6    Brenner, C.7    Wallich, R.8
  • 230
    • 19244364710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of bird migration in the long-distance dispersal of Ixodes dammini, the vector of Lyme disease
    • Smith, R. P. J., P. W. Rand, E. H. Lacombe, S. R. Morris, D. W. Holmes and D. A. Caporale. 1996 Role of bird migration in the long-distance dispersal of Ixodes dammini, the vector of Lyme disease. J. Infect. Dis. 174:221-224.
    • (1996) J. Infect. Dis. , vol.174 , pp. 221-224
    • Smith, R.P.J.1    Rand, P.W.2    Lacombe, E.H.3    Morris, S.R.4    Holmes, D.W.5    Caporale, D.A.6
  • 231
    • 0028028182 scopus 로고
    • Taxonomic note: A place for DNA-DNA reassociation and 16S rRNA sequence analysis m the present species definition in bacteriology
    • Stackebrandt, E., and B. M. Goebel. 1994. Taxonomic note: a place for DNA-DNA reassociation and 16S rRNA sequence analysis m the present species definition in bacteriology. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 44:846-849.
    • (1994) Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. , vol.44 , pp. 846-849
    • Stackebrandt, E.1    Goebel, B.M.2
  • 232
    • 0029328471 scopus 로고
    • Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) infesting wild birds (Aves) and white-footed mice in Lyme, CT
    • Stafford, K. C., V. C. Bladen, and L. A. Magnarelli. 1995. Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) infesting wild birds (Aves) and white-footed mice in Lyme, CT. J. Med. Entomol. 32:453-466.
    • (1995) J. Med. Entomol. , vol.32 , pp. 453-466
    • Stafford, K.C.1    Bladen, V.C.2    Magnarelli, L.A.3
  • 234
    • 0025014625 scopus 로고
    • Isolation of Borrelia burgdorferi from the myocardium of a patient with longstanding cardiomyopathy
    • Stauck, G., J. Klein, R. Bittner, and D. Glogar. 1990 Isolation of Borrelia burgdorferi from the myocardium of a patient with longstanding cardiomyopathy. N. Engl. J. Med. 322:249-252.
    • (1990) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.322 , pp. 249-252
    • Stauck, G.1    Klein, J.2    Bittner, R.3    Glogar, D.4
  • 236
    • 0344944741 scopus 로고
    • Lyme disease
    • Steere, A. C. 1989. Lyme disease. N. Engl J Med. 263:201-205.
    • (1989) N. Engl J Med. , vol.263 , pp. 201-205
    • Steere, A.C.1
  • 237
    • 0028260180 scopus 로고
    • Lyme disease: A growing threat to urban populations
    • Steere, A. C. 1994. Lyme disease: a growing threat to urban populations. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91:2378-2383.
    • (1994) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.91 , pp. 2378-2383
    • Steere, A.C.1
  • 239
    • 0018217548 scopus 로고
    • Erythema chronicum migrans and Lyme arthritis epidemiologic evidence for a tick vector
    • Steere, A. C., T. F. Broderick, and S. E. Malawista. 1978. Erythema chronicum migrans and Lyme arthritis epidemiologic evidence for a tick vector. Am. J. Epidemiol 108:312-321.
    • (1978) Am. J. Epidemiol , vol.108 , pp. 312-321
    • Steere, A.C.1    Broderick, T.F.2    Malawista, S.E.3
  • 241
    • 0017434195 scopus 로고
    • Lyme arthritis: An epidemic of oligo-articular arthritis in children and adults in three connecticut communities
    • Steere, A. C., S. E. Malawista, D. R. Snydman, R. E. Shope, W. A. Andiman, M. R. Ross, and F. M. Steele. 1977. Lyme arthritis: an epidemic of oligo-articular arthritis in children and adults in three connecticut communities. Arthritis Rheum. 20:7-17.
    • (1977) Arthritis Rheum. , vol.20 , pp. 7-17
    • Steere, A.C.1    Malawista, S.E.2    Snydman, D.R.3    Shope, R.E.4    Andiman, W.A.5    Ross, M.R.6    Steele, F.M.7
  • 242
    • 0023609768 scopus 로고
    • The clinical evolution of Lyme arthritis
    • Steere, A. C., R. T. Schoen, and E. Taylor. 1987. The clinical evolution of Lyme arthritis. Ann. Intern Med 107:725-731
    • (1987) Ann. Intern Med , vol.107 , pp. 725-731
    • Steere, A.C.1    Schoen, R.T.2    Taylor, E.3
  • 244
    • 0027999968 scopus 로고
    • Expression and sequence of outer surface protein C among North American isolates of Borrelia burgdorferi
    • Stevenson, B., and S. W. Barthold. 1994. Expression and sequence of outer surface protein C among North American isolates of Borrelia burgdorferi. FEMS Microbiol. Lett 124:367-372.
    • (1994) FEMS Microbiol. Lett , vol.124 , pp. 367-372
    • Stevenson, B.1    Barthold, S.W.2
  • 247
    • 0030809451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical findings for patients with Lyme borreliosis causing by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato with genotypic and phenotypic similarities to strain 25015
    • Strle, F., R. N. Picken, Y. Cheng, J. Cimperman, V. Maraspin, S. Lotric-Furlan, E. Ruzic-Sabljic, and M. M. Picken. 1997. Clinical findings for patients with Lyme borreliosis causing by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato with genotypic and phenotypic similarities to strain 25015. Clin. Infect. Dis. 25:273-280.
    • (1997) Clin. Infect. Dis. , vol.25 , pp. 273-280
    • Strle, F.1    Picken, R.N.2    Cheng, Y.3    Cimperman, J.4    Maraspin, V.5    Lotric-Furlan, S.6    Ruzic-Sabljic, E.7    Picken, M.M.8
  • 249
    • 0031156837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How to select and interpret molecular strain typing methods for epidemiological studies of bacterial infections: A review for healthcare epidemiologists
    • Tenover, F. C., R. D. Arbeit, and R. V. Goering. 1997. How to select and interpret molecular strain typing methods for epidemiological studies of bacterial infections: a review for healthcare epidemiologists. Infect. Control Hosp Epidemiol. 18:426-439.
    • (1997) Infect. Control Hosp Epidemiol. , vol.18 , pp. 426-439
    • Tenover, F.C.1    Arbeit, R.D.2    Goering, R.V.3
  • 250
    • 0029134774 scopus 로고
    • Interpreting chromosomal DNA restriction patterns produced by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis: Criteria for bacterial strain typing
    • Tenover, F. C., R. D. Arbeit, R. V. Goering, P. A. Mickelsen, B. E. Murray, D. H. Persing, and B. Swaminathan. 1995. Interpreting chromosomal DNA restriction patterns produced by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis: criteria for bacterial strain typing. J. Clin. Microbiol. 33:2233-2239.
    • (1995) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.33 , pp. 2233-2239
    • Tenover, F.C.1    Arbeit, R.D.2    Goering, R.V.3    Mickelsen, P.A.4    Murray, B.E.5    Persing, D.H.6    Swaminathan, B.7
  • 252
    • 0027362782 scopus 로고
    • Polymorphism in ospC gene of Borrelia burgdorferi and immunoreactivity of OspC protein implications for taxonomy and for use of OspC protein as a diagnostic antigen
    • Theisen, M., B. Frederiksen, A. M. Lebech, J. Vuust, and K. Hansen. 1993. Polymorphism in ospC gene of Borrelia burgdorferi and immunoreactivity of OspC protein implications for taxonomy and for use of OspC protein as a diagnostic antigen. J. Clin. Microbiol. 31:2570-2576.
    • (1993) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.31 , pp. 2570-2576
    • Theisen, M.1    Frederiksen, B.2    Lebech, A.M.3    Vuust, J.4    Hansen, K.5
  • 253
    • 0028049059 scopus 로고
    • Differential association of Borrelia species with cultured neural cells
    • Thomas, D. D., D. Cadavid, and A. G. Barbour. 1994. Differential association of Borrelia species with cultured neural cells. J. Infect. Dis. 169:445-448.
    • (1994) J. Infect. Dis. , vol.169 , pp. 445-448
    • Thomas, D.D.1    Cadavid, D.2    Barbour, A.G.3
  • 254
    • 0029098368 scopus 로고
    • Population genetics of parasitic protozoa and other microorganisms
    • Tibayrene, M. 1995. Population genetics of parasitic protozoa and other microorganisms. Adv. Parasitol. 36:47-115.
    • (1995) Adv. Parasitol. , vol.36 , pp. 47-115
    • Tibayrene, M.1
  • 257
    • 0029011964 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of Finnish Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato isolates by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and with monoclonal antibodies
    • Tuomi, J., L. K. Rantamaki, R. Tanskanen, and J. Junttila. 1995. Characterization of Finnish Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato isolates by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and with monoclonal antibodies. J. Clin Microbiol 33:1989-1996.
    • (1995) J. Clin Microbiol , vol.33 , pp. 1989-1996
    • Tuomi, J.1    Rantamaki, L.K.2    Tanskanen, R.3    Junttila, J.4
  • 258
    • 0031031404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A phylogenetic analysis of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato based on sequence information from the hbb gene, coding for a histone-like protein
    • Valsangiacomo, C., T. Balmelli, and J. C. Piffaretti. 1997. A phylogenetic analysis of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato based on sequence information from the hbb gene, coding for a histone-like protein. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 47:1-10.
    • (1997) Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. , vol.47 , pp. 1-10
    • Valsangiacomo, C.1    Balmelli, T.2    Piffaretti, J.C.3
  • 261
    • 0025984865 scopus 로고
    • Lyme carditis. clinical characteristics of 105 cases
    • van der Linde, M. R. 1991. Lyme carditis. clinical characteristics of 105 cases. Scand. J. Infect. Dis. Suppl. 77:81-84.
    • (1991) Scand. J. Infect. Dis. Suppl. , vol.77 , pp. 81-84
    • Van Der Linde, M.R.1
  • 262
    • 0031789703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heterogeneity of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato demonstrated by an ospA-type-specific PCR in synovial fluid from patients with Lyme arthritis
    • Berlin
    • Vasiliu, V., P. Herzer, D. Rossler, G. Lehnert, and B. Wilske. 1998. Heterogeneity of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato demonstrated by an ospA-type-specific PCR in synovial fluid from patients with Lyme arthritis. Med. Mierobiol. Immunol. (Berlin) 187:97-102.
    • (1998) Med. Mierobiol. Immunol. , vol.187 , pp. 97-102
    • Vasiliu, V.1    Herzer, P.2    Rossler, D.3    Lehnert, G.4    Wilske, B.5
  • 263
    • 0026478607 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of genetic divergence among Borrelia burgdorferi isolates by use of OspA, fla, HSP60, and HSP70 gene probes
    • Wallich, R., C. Helmes, U. E. Schaible, Y. Lobet, S. E. Moter, M. D. Kramer, and M. M. Simon. 1992. Evaluation of genetic divergence among Borrelia burgdorferi isolates by use of OspA, fla, HSP60, and HSP70 gene probes. Infect. Immun. 60:4856-4866.
    • (1992) Infect. Immun. , vol.60 , pp. 4856-4866
    • Wallich, R.1    Helmes, C.2    Schaible, U.E.3    Lobet, Y.4    Moter, S.E.5    Kramer, M.D.6    Simon, M.M.7
  • 264
    • 0032791943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for frequent ospC gene transfer between Borrelia valaisiana sp. nov. and other Lyme disease spirochetes
    • Wang, G., A. P. van Dam, and J. Dankert. 1999. Evidence for frequent ospC gene transfer between Borrelia valaisiana sp. nov. and other Lyme disease spirochetes. FEMS Mierobiol. Lett. 177:289-296.
    • (1999) FEMS Mierobiol. Lett. , vol.177 , pp. 289-296
    • Wang, G.1    Van Dam, A.P.2    Dankert, J.3
  • 265
    • 0032780315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phenotypic and genetic characterization of a novel Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato isolate from a patient with Lyme borreliosis
    • Wang, G., A. P. van Dam, and J. Dankert. 1999. Phenotypic and genetic characterization of a novel Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato isolate from a patient with Lyme borreliosis. J. Clin. Microbiol. 37:3025-3028.
    • (1999) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.37 , pp. 3025-3028
    • Wang, G.1    Van Dam, A.P.2    Dankert, J.3
  • 268
    • 0031892677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular typing of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA fingerprinting analysis
    • Wang, G., A. P. van Dam, L. Spanjaard, and J. Dankert. 1998. Molecular typing of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA fingerprinting analysis. J. Clin. Microbiol. 36:768-776.
    • (1998) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.36 , pp. 768-776
    • Wang, G.1    Van Dam, A.P.2    Spanjaard, L.3    Dankert, J.4
  • 270
    • 0002229196 scopus 로고
    • History of Lyme borreliosis in Europe
    • K. Weber and W. Burgdorfer (ed.), Springer-Verlag KG, Berlin, Germany
    • Weber, K., and H.-W. Pfister. 1993. History of Lyme borreliosis in Europe, p. 1-20. In K. Weber and W. Burgdorfer (ed.), Aspects of Lyme borreliosis. Springer-Verlag KG, Berlin, Germany.
    • (1993) Aspects of Lyme Borreliosis , pp. 1-20
    • Weber, K.1    Pfister, H.-W.2
  • 271
    • 0025633560 scopus 로고
    • Fingerprinting genomes using PCR with arbitrary primers
    • Welsh, J., and M. McClelland. 1990. Fingerprinting genomes using PCR with arbitrary primers. Nucleic Acids Res. 18:7213-7218.
    • (1990) Nucleic Acids Res. , vol.18 , pp. 7213-7218
    • Welsh, J.1    McClelland, M.2
  • 272
    • 0026693538 scopus 로고
    • Genomic fingerprinting by arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction resolves Borrelia burgdorferi into three distinct phyletic groups
    • Welsh, J., C. Pretzman, D. Postic, I. Saint Girons, G. Baranton, and M. McClelland. 1992. Genomic fingerprinting by arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction resolves Borrelia burgdorferi into three distinct phyletic groups. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 42:370-377.
    • (1992) Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. , vol.42 , pp. 370-377
    • Welsh, J.1    Pretzman, C.2    Postic, D.3    Saint Girons, I.4    Baranton, G.5    McClelland, M.6
  • 273
  • 274
    • 0029087589 scopus 로고
    • Sequence analysis of ospA genes shows homogeneity within Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto and Borrelia afzelii strains but reveals major subgroups within the Borrelia gannii species
    • Berlin
    • Will, G., S. Jauris-Heipke, E. Schwab, U. Busch, D. Rossler, E. X. W. B. Soutschek, and V. Preac-Mursic. 1995 Sequence analysis of ospA genes shows homogeneity within Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto and Borrelia afzelii strains but reveals major subgroups within the Borrelia gannii species. Med. Microbiol. Immunol. (Berlin) 184:73-80.
    • (1995) Med. Microbiol. Immunol. , vol.184 , pp. 73-80
    • Will, G.1    Jauris-Heipke, S.2    Schwab, E.3    Busch, U.4    Rossler, D.5    Soutschek, E.X.W.B.6    Preac-Mursic, V.7
  • 277
    • 0029552104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diversity of OspA and OspC among cerebrospinal fluid isolates of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato from patients with neuroborreliosis in Germany
    • Berlin
    • Wilske, B., U. Busch, H. Eiffert, V. Fingerle, H. W. Pfister, D. Rossler, and V. Preac-Mursic. 1996. Diversity of OspA and OspC among cerebrospinal fluid isolates of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato from patients with neuroborreliosis in Germany. Med. Microbiol. Immunol. (Berlin) 184:195-201.
    • (1996) Med. Microbiol. Immunol. , vol.184 , pp. 195-201
    • Wilske, B.1    Busch, U.2    Eiffert, H.3    Fingerle, V.4    Pfister, H.W.5    Rossler, D.6    Preac-Mursic, V.7
  • 279
    • 0028965993 scopus 로고
    • Phenotypic analysis of outer surface protein C (OspC) of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato by monoclonal antibodies' relationship to genospecies and OspA serotype
    • Wilske, B., S. Jauris-Heipke, R. Lobentanzer, I. Pradel, V. Preac-Mursic, D. Rössler, E. Soutschek, and R. C. Johnson. 1995. Phenotypic analysis of outer surface protein C (OspC) of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato by monoclonal antibodies' relationship to genospecies and OspA serotype. J. Clin. Microbiol. 33:103-109.
    • (1995) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.33 , pp. 103-109
    • Wilske, B.1    Jauris-Heipke, S.2    Lobentanzer, R.3    Pradel, I.4    Preac-Mursic, V.5    Rössler, D.6    Soutschek, E.7    Johnson, R.C.8
  • 280
  • 281
  • 282
    • 0023184331 scopus 로고
    • Bacterial evolution
    • Woese, C. R. 1987. Bacterial evolution. Microbiol. Rev. 31:221-271.
    • (1987) Microbiol. Rev. , vol.31 , pp. 221-271
    • Woese, C.R.1
  • 283
    • 0028856118 scopus 로고
    • Prospects for a vaccine to prevent Lyme disease in humans
    • Wormser, G. P. 1995. Prospects for a vaccine to prevent Lyme disease in humans Clin. Infect. Dis. 21:1267-1274.
    • (1995) Clin. Infect. Dis. , vol.21 , pp. 1267-1274
    • Wormser, G.P.1
  • 285
    • 0029150939 scopus 로고
    • Analysis and comparison of plasmid profiles of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato strains
    • Xu, Y., and R. C. Johnson. 1995. Analysis and comparison of plasmid profiles of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato strains. J Clin. Microbiol. 33: 2679-2685.
    • (1995) J Clin. Microbiol. , vol.33 , pp. 2679-2685
    • Xu, Y.1    Johnson, R.C.2
  • 286
    • 0029779949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlation of plasmids with infectivity of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto type strain B31
    • Xu, Y., C. Kodner, L. Coleman, and R. C. Johnson. 1996. Correlation of plasmids with infectivity of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto type strain B31. Infect Immun. 64:3870-3876.
    • (1996) Infect Immun. , vol.64 , pp. 3870-3876
    • Xu, Y.1    Kodner, C.2    Coleman, L.3    Johnson, R.C.4
  • 288
    • 0028082025 scopus 로고
    • Heritable susceptibility to severe Borrelia burgdorferi-induced arthritis is dominant and is associated with persistence of large numbers of spirochetes in tissues
    • Yang, L., J. H. Weis, E. Eichwald, C. P. Kolbert, D. H. Persing, and J. J. Weis. 1994 Heritable susceptibility to severe Borrelia burgdorferi-induced arthritis is dominant and is associated with persistence of large numbers of spirochetes in tissues. Infect Immun 62:492-500.
    • (1994) Infect Immun , vol.62 , pp. 492-500
    • Yang, L.1    Weis, J.H.2    Eichwald, E.3    Kolbert, C.P.4    Persing, D.H.5    Weis, J.J.6
  • 289
    • 6544255640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Invasiveness of different genospecies of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in brain tissue
    • Program and Abstracts American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C.
    • Yrjnien, Y., J. Oksi, H. Kalimo, and M. K. Viljanen. 1997. Invasiveness of different genospecies of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in brain tissue. p 351 In Program and Abstracts of the 37th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C.
    • (1997) 37th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy , pp. 351
    • Yrjnien, Y.1    Oksi, J.2    Kalimo, H.3    Viljanen, M.K.4
  • 291
    • 0031061769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Studies on epidemiology and etiology of Lyme disease in China
    • Zhang, Z. F., K. L. Wan, and J. S. Zhang. 1997. Studies on epidemiology and etiology of Lyme disease in China. Chin. J. Epidemiol. 18:8-11.
    • (1997) Chin. J. Epidemiol. , vol.18 , pp. 8-11
    • Zhang, Z.F.1    Wan, K.L.2    Zhang, J.S.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.