메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 16, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 73-82

Protective effect of safranal, a constituent of crocus sativus, on quinolinic acid-induced oxidative damage in rat hippocampus

Author keywords

Crocus sativus; Hippocampus; Neurodegenerative disorders; Oxidative stress; Quinolinic acid; Safranal

Indexed keywords

PLANT EXTRACT; QUINOLINIC ACID; SAFRANAL; THIOBARBITURIC ACID REACTIVE SUBSTANCE; THIOL DERIVATIVE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

EID: 84872872908     PISSN: 20083866     EISSN: 20083874     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (93)

References (53)
  • 1
    • 0034986361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative stress induced-neurodegenerative diseases: The need for antioxidants that penetrate the blood brain barrier
    • Gilgun-Sherki Y, Melamed E, Offen D. Oxidative stress induced-neurodegenerative diseases: the need for antioxidants that penetrate the blood brain barrier. Neuropharmacol 2001; 40:959-975.
    • (2001) Neuropharmacol , vol.40 , pp. 959-975
    • Gilgun-Sherki, Y.1    Melamed, E.2    Offen, D.3
  • 2
    • 77955570062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glutamate receptors, neurotoxicity and neurodegeneration
    • Lau A, Tymianski M. Glutamate receptors, neurotoxicity and neurodegeneration. Eur J Physiol 2010; 460:525-542.
    • (2010) Eur J Physiol , vol.460 , pp. 525-542
    • Lau, A.1    Tymianski, M.2
  • 3
    • 0026539659 scopus 로고
    • Quinolinic acid and kynurenine pathway metabolism in inflammatory and non-inflammatory neurological disease
    • Heyes MP, Saito K, Crowley JS, Davis LE, Demitrack MA, Der M, et al. Quinolinic acid and kynurenine pathway metabolism in inflammatory and non-inflammatory neurological disease. Brain 1992; 115:1249-1273.
    • (1992) Brain , vol.115 , pp. 1249-1273
    • Heyes, M.P.1    Saito, K.2    Crowley, J.S.3    Davis, L.E.4    Demitrack, M.A.5    Der, M.6
  • 4
    • 84859563380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kynurenines: From the perspective of major psychiatric disorders
    • Myint AM. Kynurenines: from the perspective of major psychiatric disorders. FEBS J 2012; 279:1375-1385.
    • (2012) FEBS J , vol.279 , pp. 1375-1385
    • Myint, A.M.1
  • 5
    • 0027486072 scopus 로고
    • Neuropharmacology of quinolinic and kynurenic acids
    • Stone TW. Neuropharmacology of quinolinic and kynurenic acids. Pharmacol Rev 1993; 45:309-379.
    • (1993) Pharmacol Rev , vol.45 , pp. 309-379
    • Stone, T.W.1
  • 6
    • 70449523216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kynurenines in chronic neurodegenerative disorders: Future therapeutic strategies
    • Zadori D, Klivenyi P, Vamos E, Fulop F, Toldi J, Vecsei L. Kynurenines in chronic neurodegenerative disorders: future therapeutic strategies. J Neural Transm 2009; 116:1403-1409.
    • (2009) J Neural Transm , vol.116 , pp. 1403-1409
    • Zadori, D.1    Klivenyi, P.2    Vamos, E.3    Fulop, F.4    Toldi, J.5    Vecsei, L.6
  • 7
    • 73249121300 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kynurenine pathway metabolites in humans: Disease and healthy states
    • Chen Y, Guillemin GJ. Kynurenine pathway metabolites in humans: disease and healthy states. Int J Tryptophan Res 2009; 2:1-19.
    • (2009) Int J Tryptophan Res , vol.2 , pp. 1-19
    • Chen, Y.1    Guillemin, G.J.2
  • 8
    • 84877881003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quinolinic Acid, an endogenous molecule combining excitotoxicity, oxidative stress and other toxic mechanisms
    • Pérez-De La Cruz V, Carrillo-Mora P, Santamaría A. Quinolinic Acid, an endogenous molecule combining excitotoxicity, oxidative stress and other toxic mechanisms. Int J Tryptophan Res 2012; 5:1-8.
    • (2012) Int J Tryptophan Res , vol.5 , pp. 1-8
    • Pérez-De la cruz, V.1    Carrillo-Mora, P.2    Santamaría, A.3
  • 9
    • 34249788738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondria, metabolic disturbances, oxidative stress and the kynurenine system, with focus on neurodegenerative disorders
    • Sas K, Robotka H, Toldi J, Vécsei L. Mitochondria, metabolic disturbances, oxidative stress and the kynurenine system, with focus on neurodegenerative disorders. J Neurol Sci 2007; 257:221-39.
    • (2007) J Neurol Sci , vol.257 , pp. 221-239
    • Sas, K.1    Robotka, H.2    Toldi, J.3    Vécsei, L.4
  • 10
    • 0036128148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quinolinic acid stimulates synaptosomal glutamate release and inhibits glutamate uptake into astrocytes
    • Tavares RG, Tasca CI, Santos CE, Alves LB, Porciúncula LO, Emanuelli T, et al. Quinolinic acid stimulates synaptosomal glutamate release and inhibits glutamate uptake into astrocytes. Neurochem Int 2002; 40:621-627.
    • (2002) Neurochem Int , vol.40 , pp. 621-627
    • Tavares, R.G.1    Tasca, C.I.2    Santos, C.E.3    Alves, L.B.4    Porciúncula, L.O.5    Emanuelli, T.6
  • 11
    • 21644447108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo quinolinic acid increases synaptosomal glutamate release in rats: Reversal by guanosine
    • Tavares RG, Schmidt AP, Abud J, Tasca CI, Souza DO. In vivo quinolinic acid increases synaptosomal glutamate release in rats: reversal by guanosine. Neurochem Res 2005; 30:439-444.
    • (2005) Neurochem Res , vol.30 , pp. 439-444
    • Tavares, R.G.1    Schmidt, A.P.2    Abud, J.3    Tasca, C.I.4    Souza, D.O.5
  • 12
    • 0025978948 scopus 로고
    • Neurodegenerative effects induced by chronic infusion of quinolinic acid in rat striatum and hippocampus
    • Vezzani A, Forloni GL, Serafini R, Rizzi M, Samanin R. Neurodegenerative effects induced by chronic infusion of quinolinic acid in rat striatum and hippocampus. Eur J Neurosci 1991; 3:40-46.
    • (1991) Eur J Neurosci , vol.3 , pp. 40-46
    • Vezzani, A.1    Forloni, G.L.2    Serafini, R.3    Rizzi, M.4    Samanin, R.5
  • 13
    • 33847779004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, tolmetin and sulindac, attenuate oxidative stress in rat brain homogenate and reduce quinolinic acid-induced neurodegeneration in rat hippocampal neurons
    • Dairam A, Chetty P, Daya S. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, tolmetin and sulindac, attenuate oxidative stress in rat brain homogenate and reduce quinolinic acid-induced neurodegeneration in rat hippocampal neurons. Metab Brain Dis 2006; 2:221-233.
    • (2006) Metab Brain Dis , vol.2 , pp. 221-233
    • Dairam, A.1    Chetty, P.2    Daya, S.3
  • 14
    • 0029066081 scopus 로고
    • Determination of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) components in crude plant extract using high performance liquid chromatography- UV-visible photodiode-array detection-mass spectrometry
    • Tarantilis PA, Tsoupras G, Polissiou M. Determination of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) components in crude plant extract using high performance liquid chromatography- UV-visible photodiode-array detection-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 1995; 699:107-118.
    • (1995) J Chromatogr A , vol.699 , pp. 107-118
    • Tarantilis, P.A.1    Tsoupras, G.2    Polissiou, M.3
  • 15
    • 29244478599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radical scavenging activity of Crocus sativus L. extract and its bioactive constituents
    • Assimopoulou AN, Sinakos Z, Papageorgiou VP. Radical scavenging activity of Crocus sativus L. extract and its bioactive constituents. Phytother Res 2005; 19:997-1000.
    • (2005) Phytother Res , vol.19 , pp. 997-1000
    • Assimopoulou, A.N.1    Sinakos, Z.2    Papageorgiou, V.P.3
  • 16
    • 84861592273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of saffron, Crocus sativus L., and its constituents, safranal and crocin in allodynia and hyperalgesia induced by chronic constriction injury model of neuropathic pain in rats
    • Amin B, Hosseinzadeh H. Evaluation of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of saffron, Crocus sativus L., and its constituents, safranal and crocin in allodynia and hyperalgesia induced by chronic constriction injury model of neuropathic pain in rats. Fitoterapia 2012; 83:888-895.
    • (2012) Fitoterapia , vol.83 , pp. 888-895
    • Amin, B.1    Hosseinzadeh, H.2
  • 17
    • 34548805635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-nociceptive effect of safranal, a constituent of Crocus sativus (saffron), in mice
    • Hosseinzadeh H, Shariaty V. Anti-nociceptive effect of safranal, a constituent of Crocus sativus (saffron), in mice. Pharmacologyonline 2007; 2:498-503.
    • (2007) Pharmacologyonline , vol.2 , pp. 498-503
    • Hosseinzadeh, H.1    Shariaty, V.2
  • 18
    • 79958119914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychological and neuroendocrinological effects of odor of saffron (Crocus sativus)
    • Fukui H, Toyoshima K, Komaki R. Psychological and neuroendocrinological effects of odor of saffron (Crocus sativus). Phytomedicine 2011; 18:726-730.
    • (2011) Phytomedicine , vol.18 , pp. 726-730
    • Fukui, H.1    Toyoshima, K.2    Komaki, R.3
  • 19
    • 67149128716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anxiolytic and hypnotic effect of Crocus sativus aqueous extract and its constituents, crocin and safranal, in mice
    • Hosseinzadeh H, Noraei NB. Anxiolytic and hypnotic effect of Crocus sativus aqueous extract and its constituents, crocin and safranal, in mice. Phytother Res 2009; 23:768-774.
    • (2009) Phytother Res , vol.23 , pp. 768-774
    • Hosseinzadeh, H.1    Noraei, N.B.2
  • 20
    • 84864765560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safranal enhances Non-rapid eye movement sleep in pentobarbital-treated mice
    • Liu Z, Xu XH, Liu TY, Hong ZY, Urade Y, Huang ZL, et al. Safranal enhances Non-rapid eye movement sleep in pentobarbital-treated mice. CNS Neurosci Ther 2012; 18:623-630.
    • (2012) CNS Neurosci Ther , vol.18 , pp. 623-630
    • Liu, Z.1    Xu, X.H.2    Liu, T.Y.3    Hong, Z.Y.4    Urade, Y.5    Huang, Z.L.6
  • 21
    • 33847752592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protective effect of safranal on pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures in the rat: Involvement of GABAergic and opioids systems
    • Hosseinzadeh H, Sadeghnia HR. Protective effect of safranal on pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures in the rat: involvement of GABAergic and opioids systems. Phytomedicine 2007; 14:256-262.
    • (2007) Phytomedicine , vol.14 , pp. 256-262
    • Hosseinzadeh, H.1    Sadeghnia, H.R.2
  • 22
    • 27444442382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safranal, a constituent of Crocus sativus (saffron), attenuated cerebral ischemia induced oxidative damage in rat hippocampus
    • Hosseinzadeh H, Sadeghnia HR. Safranal, a constituent of Crocus sativus (saffron), attenuated cerebral ischemia induced oxidative damage in rat hippocampus. J Pharm Pharm Sci 2005; 8:394-399.
    • (2005) J Pharm Pharm Sci , vol.8 , pp. 394-399
    • Hosseinzadeh, H.1    Sadeghnia, H.R.2
  • 23
    • 10444251371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Study of antidepressant effect of aqueous and ethanolic extract of Crocus sativus in mice
    • Karimi GR, Hosseinzadeh H, Khalegh Panah P. Study of antidepressant effect of aqueous and ethanolic extract of Crocus sativus in mice. Iran J Basic Med Sic 2001; 4:11-15.
    • (2001) Iran J Basic Med Sic , vol.4 , pp. 11-15
    • Karimi, G.R.1    Hosseinzadeh, H.2    Khalegh, P.P.3
  • 25
    • 80051535608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduction of metabolic and behavioral signs of acute stress in male Wistar rats by saffron water extract and its constituent safranal
    • Hooshmandi Z, Rohani AH, Eidi A, Fatahi Z, Golmanesh L, Sahraei H. Reduction of metabolic and behavioral signs of acute stress in male Wistar rats by saffron water extract and its constituent safranal. Pharm Biol 2011; 49:947-954.
    • (2011) Pharm Biol , vol.49 , pp. 947-954
    • Hooshmandi, Z.1    Rohani, A.H.2    Eidi, A.3    Fatahi, Z.4    Golmanesh, L.5    Sahraei, H.6
  • 26
    • 84872832475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safranal: From an aromatic natural product to a rewarding pharmacological agent
    • Rezaee R, Hosseinzadeh H. Safranal: from an aromatic natural product to a rewarding pharmacological agent. Iran J Basic Med Sci 2013; 16:12-26.
    • (2013) Iran J Basic Med Sci , vol.16 , pp. 12-26
    • Rezaee, R.1    Hosseinzadeh, H.2
  • 28
    • 0021234045 scopus 로고
    • Seizure activity and lesions after intrahippocampal quinolinic acid injection
    • Schwarcz R, Brush GS, Foster AC, French ED. Seizure activity and lesions after intrahippocampal quinolinic acid injection. Exp Neurol 1984; 84:1-17.
    • (1984) Exp Neurol , vol.84 , pp. 1-17
    • Schwarcz, R.1    Brush, G.S.2    Foster, A.C.3    French, E.D.4
  • 29
    • 0030586361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of antioxidant power: The FRAP assay
    • Benzie IFF, Strain J. The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of antioxidant power: The FRAP assay. Anal Biochem 1996; 239:70-76.
    • (1996) Anal Biochem , vol.239 , pp. 70-76
    • Benzie, I.F.F.1    Strain, J.2
  • 30
    • 3042934967 scopus 로고
    • Tissue sulfhydryl groups
    • Ellman G. Tissue sulfhydryl groups. Arch Biochem Biophys 1959; 82:70-77.
    • (1959) Arch Biochem Biophys , vol.82 , pp. 70-77
    • Ellman, G.1
  • 31
    • 0017872475 scopus 로고
    • Microsomal lipid peroxidation
    • Buege JA, Aust SD. Microsomal lipid peroxidation. Method Enzymol 1978; 53:302-310.
    • (1978) Method Enzymol , vol.53 , pp. 302-310
    • Buege, J.A.1    Aust, S.D.2
  • 32
    • 31744442163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative stress protection by newly synthesized nitrogen compounds with pharmacological potential
    • Silva JP, Areias FM, Proença FM, Coutinho OP. Oxidative stress protection by newly synthesized nitrogen compounds with pharmacological potential. Life Sci 2006; 78:1256-1267.
    • (2006) Life Sci , vol.78 , pp. 1256-1267
    • Silva, J.P.1    Areias, F.M.2    Proença, F.M.3    Coutinho, O.P.4
  • 33
    • 37249053260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of safranal, a constituent of Crocus sativus (saffron), on methyl methanesulfonate (MMS)-induced DNA damage in mouse organs: An alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet) assay
    • Hosseinzadeh H, Sadeghnia HR. Effect of safranal, a constituent of Crocus sativus (saffron), on methyl methanesulfonate (MMS)-induced DNA damage in mouse organs: an alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet) assay. DNA Cell Biol 2007; 26:841-846.
    • (2007) DNA Cell Biol , vol.26 , pp. 841-846
    • Hosseinzadeh, H.1    Sadeghnia, H.R.2
  • 34
    • 79551671732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of natural products in the discovery of new drug candidates for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders II: Alzheimer's disease
    • da Rocha MD, Viegas FP, Campos HC, Nicastro PC, Fossaluzza PC, Fraga CA, et al. The role of natural products in the discovery of new drug candidates for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders II: Alzheimer's disease. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets 2011; 10:251-270.
    • (2011) CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets , vol.10 , pp. 251-270
    • da Rocha, M.D.1    Viegas, F.P.2    Campos, H.C.3    Nicastro, P.C.4    Fossaluzza, P.C.5    Fraga, C.A.6
  • 35
    • 84857916858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probucol modulates oxidative stress and excitotoxicity in Huntington's disease models in vitro
    • Colle D, Hartwig JM, Soares FA, Farina M. Probucol modulates oxidative stress and excitotoxicity in Huntington's disease models in vitro. Brain Res Bull 2012; 87:397-405.
    • (2012) Brain Res Bull , vol.87 , pp. 397-405
    • Colle, D.1    Hartwig, J.M.2    Soares, F.A.3    Farina, M.4
  • 36
    • 84870297389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeting neuro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative Stress by minocycline attenuates quinolinic-acid-induced Huntington's disease-like symptoms in rats
    • Kalonia H, Mishra J, Kumar A. Targeting neuro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative Stress by minocycline attenuates quinolinic-acid-induced Huntington's disease-like symptoms in rats. Neurotox Res 2012; 22:310-320.
    • (2012) Neurotox Res , vol.22 , pp. 310-320
    • Kalonia, H.1    Mishra, J.2    Kumar, A.3
  • 38
    • 84858133452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of free radical-induced damage to DNA
    • Dizdaroglu M, Jaruga P. Mechanisms of free radical-induced damage to DNA. Free Radic Res 2012; 46:382-419.
    • (2012) Free Radic Res , vol.46 , pp. 382-419
    • Dizdaroglu, M.1    Jaruga, P.2
  • 39
    • 34547307366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative stress and the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders
    • Reynolds A, Laurie C, Mosley RL, Gendelman HE. Oxidative stress and the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. Int Rev Neurobiol 2007; 82:297-325.
    • (2007) Int Rev Neurobiol , vol.82 , pp. 297-325
    • Reynolds, A.1    Laurie, C.2    Mosley, R.L.3    Gendelman, H.E.4
  • 40
    • 33744975232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Time course of oxidative events in the hippocampus following intracerebroventricular infusion of quinolinic acid in mice
    • Ganzella M, Jardim FM, Boeck CR, Vendite D. Time course of oxidative events in the hippocampus following intracerebroventricular infusion of quinolinic acid in mice. Neurosci Res 2006; 55:397-402.
    • (2006) Neurosci Res , vol.55 , pp. 397-402
    • Ganzella, M.1    Jardim, F.M.2    Boeck, C.R.3    Vendite, D.4
  • 41
    • 0035000815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quinolinic acid-iron(ii) complexes: Slow autoxidation, but enhanced hydroxyl radical production in the Fenton reaction
    • Pláteník J, Stopka P, Vejrazka M, Stípek S. Quinolinic acid-iron(ii) complexes: slow autoxidation, but enhanced hydroxyl radical production in the Fenton reaction. Free Radic Res 2001; 34:445-459.
    • (2001) Free Radic Res , vol.34 , pp. 445-459
    • Pláteník, J.1    Stopka, P.2    Vejrazka, M.3    Stípek, S.4
  • 42
    • 33745013111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative stress and neurodegeneration: Where are we now?
    • Halliwell B. Oxidative stress and neurodegeneration: where are we now? J Neurochem 2006; 97:1634-1658.
    • (2006) J Neurochem , vol.97 , pp. 1634-1658
    • Halliwell, B.1
  • 43
    • 79954996502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of crocin and safranal, constituents of saffron, against subacute effect of diazinon on hematological and genotoxicity indices in rats
    • Hariri AT, Moallem SA, Mahmoudi M, Hosseinzadeh H. The effect of crocin and safranal, constituents of saffron, against subacute effect of diazinon on hematological and genotoxicity indices in rats. Phytomedicine 2011; 18:499-504.
    • (2011) Phytomedicine , vol.18 , pp. 499-504
    • Hariri, A.T.1    Moallem, S.A.2    Mahmoudi, M.3    Hosseinzadeh, H.4
  • 44
    • 84865250865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Akt/GSK-3β/eNOS phosphorylation arbitrates safranal-induced myocardial protection against ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats
    • Bharti S, Golechha M, Kumari S, Siddiqui KM, Arya DS. Akt/GSK-3β/eNOS phosphorylation arbitrates safranal-induced myocardial protection against ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Eur J Nutr 2011; 51:719-727.
    • (2011) Eur J Nutr , vol.51 , pp. 719-727
    • Bharti, S.1    Golechha, M.2    Kumari, S.3    Siddiqui, K.M.4    Arya, D.S.5
  • 45
    • 54249101071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of safranal on extracellular hippocampal levels of glutamate and aspartate during kainic acid treatment in anesthetized rats
    • Hosseinzadeh H, Sadeghnia HR, Rahimi A. Effect of safranal on extracellular hippocampal levels of glutamate and aspartate during kainic acid treatment in anesthetized rats. Planta Med 2008; 74:1441-1445.
    • (2008) Planta Med , vol.74 , pp. 1441-1445
    • Hosseinzadeh, H.1    Sadeghnia, H.R.2    Rahimi, A.3
  • 46
    • 0032755173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemical and anatomical changes in the striatum and substantia nigra following quinolinic acid lesions in the striatum of the rat: A detailed time course of the cellular and GABAA receptor changes
    • Brickell KL, Nicholson LFB, Waldvogel HJ, Faull RLM. Chemical and anatomical changes in the striatum and substantia nigra following quinolinic acid lesions in the striatum of the rat: a detailed time course of the cellular and GABAA receptor changes. J Chem Neuroanat 1999; 17:75-97.
    • (1999) J Chem Neuroanat , vol.17 , pp. 75-97
    • Brickell, K.L.1    Nicholson, L.F.B.2    Waldvogel, H.J.3    Faull, R.L.M.4
  • 48
    • 26944485506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peripheral benzodiazepine receptor ligand PK11195 reduces microglial activation and neuronal death in quinolinic acid-injected rat striatum
    • Ryu JK, Choi HB, McLarnona JG. Peripheral benzodiazepine receptor ligand PK11195 reduces microglial activation and neuronal death in quinolinic acid-injected rat striatum. Neurobiol Disease 2005; 20:550-561.
    • (2005) Neurobiol Disease , vol.20 , pp. 550-561
    • Ryu, J.K.1    Choi, H.B.2    McLarnona, J.G.3
  • 49
    • 80053362998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intracerebroventricular administration of inosine is anticonvulsant against quinolinic acid-induced seizures in mice: An effect independent of benzodiazepine and adenosine receptors
    • Ganzella M, Faraco RB, Almeida RF, Fernandes VF, Souza DO. Intracerebroventricular administration of inosine is anticonvulsant against quinolinic acid-induced seizures in mice: An effect independent of benzodiazepine and adenosine receptors. Pharmacol Biochem Behavior 2011; 100:271-274.
    • (2011) Pharmacol Biochem Behavior , vol.100 , pp. 271-274
    • Ganzella, M.1    Faraco, R.B.2    Almeida, R.F.3    Fernandes, V.F.4    Souza, D.O.5
  • 50
    • 58149119700 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antiabsence effects of safranal in acute experimental seizure models: EEG and autoradiography
    • Sadeghnia HR, Cortez MA, Liu D, Hosseinzadeh H, Snead OC. Antiabsence effects of safranal in acute experimental seizure models: EEG and autoradiography. J Pharm Pharm Sci 2008; 11:1-14.
    • (2008) J Pharm Pharm Sci , vol.11 , pp. 1-14
    • Sadeghnia, H.R.1    Cortez, M.A.2    Liu, D.3    Hosseinzadeh, H.4    Snead, O.C.5
  • 51
    • 79960141471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The immunology of stroke: From mechanisms to translation
    • Iadecola C, Anrather J. The immunology of stroke: from mechanisms to translation. Nat Med 2011; 17:796-808.
    • (2011) Nat Med , vol.17 , pp. 796-808
    • Iadecola, C.1    Anrather, J.2
  • 52
    • 0029263312 scopus 로고
    • Inflammation as a pathogenic mechanism in Alzheimer's disease
    • Rogers J. Inflammation as a pathogenic mechanism in Alzheimer's disease. Drug Res 1995; 45:439-442.
    • (1995) Drug Res , vol.45 , pp. 439-442
    • Rogers, J.1
  • 53
    • 70349754448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanism for quinolinic acid cytotoxicity in human astrocytes and neurons
    • Braidy N, Grant R, Adams S, Brew BJ, Guillemin GJ. Mechanism for quinolinic acid cytotoxicity in human astrocytes and neurons. Neurotox Res 2009; 16:77-86.
    • (2009) Neurotox Res , vol.16 , pp. 77-86
    • Braidy, N.1    Grant, R.2    Adams, S.3    Brew, B.J.4    Guillemin, G.J.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.